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<div>quel savant de la grèce antique tien la théorie de la génération spontanée</div><div>aristote&nbsp;</div>
<div>premier acides nucléiques former</div>ARN
<div>génération spontanée ( hétérogenie)&nbsp;</div><div>la vie peut se développer à tous moment à partir de l'inanimé&nbsp;</div>
<div>quel expérience/ événement a permit a aristote de conclure la théorie de la génération spontanée&nbsp;</div><div>observation de la moisissure sur les aliments ( asticots sur viande) mite sur laine)&nbsp;</div>
<div>Quelles sont les 2 recettes de la génération spontanée que jean-baptiste Van Helmont à créer</div><div>1- mélanger vase, grain de blé et une chemise souiller ( d'une femme c mieux)= au bout de 21 jours une souris</div><div>2- feuilles de basilic entre des briques chauffées au soleil= scorpion&nbsp;</div>
<div>Qu'est- ce que jean Van Helmont a découvert</div><div>le gaz carbonique et le rôle du sucre gastrique dans la digestion&nbsp;</div>
<div>Quelle est l'expérience de John Tuberville Needham ( 1713-1781)</div><div>chauffe bouillon de viande pendant 12 heures et laisse le récipient refroidir ouvert et ensuite recouvre le récipient de gaz---&gt; aprer quelques jours présence de microbes&nbsp;</div>
<div>Qu'est ce que Felix Archimèdes et Henry Charlton Bastien ont fait&nbsp;</div><div>publier des livre qui défend la génération spontanée ( henry= the begginging. of Life)</div>
<div>Quelle est l'expérience qui a permis a Francesco Redi de nier la génération spontée&nbsp;</div><div>l'expérience de la viande ou dans un récipient non fermer il laisse la viande donc il y a des microbe mais dans un récipient fermer ou il laisse la viande il n'y a pas de microbe&nbsp;</div>
<div>qu'est-ce que cette expérience a permit de deduire&nbsp;</div><div>1-continuité de la vie : tout ce qui vit vien d'une vie antérieure&nbsp;</div><div>2: la maitère vivant peut périr, la matière morte ne peut pas s'animer&nbsp;</div>
<div>expérience de Lazzaro Spallanzoni</div><div>fait la même expêrience que Needham, mais en scellant hermétiquement et en chauffant mieux le bouillon .</div><div></div><div>expérience réfuter car il détruit la force végetative&nbsp;</div>
<div>quel est du concours que l'Académie des sciences de paris lance en 1860</div><div>un concours ou les scientifiques essaye par des expériences faite de donner un jours nouveaux la théorie de la géneration spontanée&nbsp;</div>
<div>expérience louis pasteur&nbsp;</div><div>expérience du verre en ont col de cygne qui permet de réfuter la gèneration spontanée.&nbsp;</div>
<div>Qu'est-ce que Marcello Malpighi a vue</div><div>un embryon de poulet dans un oeuf pondu 24h plus tôt et non couvé. Il conclu que le poussin est préformé dans l'oeuf&nbsp;</div>
<div>préformationnisme ( avant la découverte du spermatozoide )&nbsp;</div><div>l'oeuf provient de la mère sans être féconder et que le mâle émet une vapeur provenant du sperme ( aura séminales ou aura spermatica)&nbsp;</div>
<div>qu'est que Anto Van Leeuwenhoek et Nicolas hartsoeker on découvert en 1678</div><div>le spermatozoide qu'il considère comme un animalcules</div><div></div><div>ils pensent que le spermatozoide est a l'origine d'un nouveaux organisme&nbsp;</div>
<div>2 école de préformationnisme&nbsp;</div><div>1- ovisme: l'embryon est préformé dans l'oeuf</div><div>2- animaculisme: embryon crée dans le sperme l'oeuf sert de nourriture&nbsp;</div>
<div>qu'est-ce que Charle Bonnet fais en 1745&nbsp;</div><div>parthogénèse chez des pucerons. Développement de l'embryon à partir de l'oeuf sans intervention du mâle&nbsp;</div>
<div>quels sont les détracteur du preformationnisme&nbsp;</div><div>n'explique pas les malformation, métissage et implique un emboîtement d'embryon</div>
<div>théorie alternative du préformationnisme&nbsp;</div><div>épigenèse&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Caspar Friedrich Wolf 1759 observe l'oeuf au microscope et ne voit pas de poulet mais des région granulaire qui s'organise en couche&nbsp;</div>
<div>expérience 2 spallanzoni</div><div>première expérience de fécondation in vitro. Il utilise du sperme de crapaud et des oeuf de crapaud déposé sur des verres. Ensuite il place le sperme directement sur des oeuf et certain développent des embryons</div><div></div><div>expérience réfuter car il suit ovisme&nbsp;</div>
<div>qu'est ce que jean-baptiste Dumas et jean-louis Préost ont découvert ( 1824)</div><div>aprer filtration du sperme ils observe que des oeuf en présence de sperme( filtrat) dépourvue de spermatozoide ne se développe pas.</div><div></div><div><br></div><div>le spermatozoide est un agent de fertilisation</div><div></div><div><br></div><div>spermatozoide se retrouve dans le sperme des mâles seulement murs&nbsp;</div><div></div><div><br></div><div>absent dans les males immature ou trop âgés&nbsp;</div><div></div><div><br></div><div>absent dans sperme du mulet&nbsp;</div>
<div>1840 Rudolf Albert von köilliker&nbsp;</div><div>décrit la formation des spermatozoide et constate que le spermatozoide que ces derniers sont des cellules modifier&nbsp;</div><div></div><div>les spermatozoide n'ont pas besoin de contact avec l'oeuf et ils doivent slmt être exciter&nbsp;</div>
1876 Oscar hertwig et Herman Fol font quoi?décrivent independament la penetration de l'oeuf par un spermatozoide incluant la fusion des 2 noyaux. Ce qui prouve la fecondation&nbsp;<br><br>fecondation de l'oeuf par le spermatozoide = zygote&nbsp;&nbsp;
1837 matthias scheleiden et theodor shwann ennonce quoi?la théorie cellulaire du vivant: tous organismes vivant sont constituer de cellule. La cellule est l'unité de base de la vie&nbsp;
1850 Rudolf Virchewcontinuité cellulaire: toute cellule provient d'une cellule antérieur&nbsp;&nbsp;
qu'est ce que le big bang ( 13.8 Milliard d'année)&nbsp;moment où l'univers qui était petit dense et chaud commence son expension&nbsp;
qu'est-ce que caractérise l'histoire de l'univers.&nbsp;La baisse de température car elle permet le raprochement des particule ce qui forme les atomes&nbsp;
Phase cosmique et phase stellaire&nbsp;évolution nucléaire ( des particules au atomes)&nbsp;
phase interstellairerapprochement des atomes = molécule&nbsp;<br>evolution chimique&nbsp;
phase planétaire&nbsp;des molécules au celllules&nbsp;
soupe primordiale ( prébiotique) Alenksandr oparin et John Haldane&nbsp;L'eau contien ( h₂o CH_4&nbsp;NH_3&nbsp;CO₂&nbsp;H_2&nbsp;H₂S)
Abiogenese&nbsp;formation du vivant a partir du non vivant---&gt; origine de la vie sur la terre&nbsp;
age de la terre&nbsp;4,5 millaird d'année&nbsp;
atmosphère de la terre&nbsp;sans o₂et sans ozone O_3&nbsp;très transparent au rayon uv temperature elevé.&nbsp;<br>pluie torentielle des décharge electrique et méteorique qui frappe la terre&nbsp;<br>erruption volcanique&nbsp;
age ocean&nbsp;4,41 milliard d'année&nbsp;
age croute continentale&nbsp;3 milliard d'année&nbsp;
apparition de l'oxygene&nbsp;2.5 milliard d'année&nbsp;
combien de temps on duré les condition environnementale&nbsp;des centaines de millions d'année&nbsp;
1952 stanley miller&nbsp;il va recréer ces conditions primitives en laboratoire et démontra qu’on peut obtenir, à partir de des molécules simples de la soupe prébiotique, des molécules plus complexes: urée (NH2-CO-NH2), acide lactique (CH3-CH2OH-COOH), acide acétique (CH3-COOH), acides aminés.
2 faćon de polymeriser des monomère en polymere de divers composition et longueur en absence d'enzyme&nbsp;<ul><li>par polymérisation à sec: une solution d’a.a. ou de nucléotides est chauffée jusqu’à l’évaporation complète de l’eau (condensation), ce qui résulte en liaison covalente peptidique entre les résidus d’a.a. ou liaison phosphoester entre les résidus de nucléotides;</li><li>en présence d’argile chauffée: étant très poreuse, l’argile possède une très grande surface qui peut porter des charges électriques. Du fer (Fe) et/ou du zinc (Zn) peut se lier aux a.a. ou aux nucléotides et faciliter les réactions qui lient les monomères les uns aux autres.</li></ul>
où etait dilluer les mommères&nbsp;eau prébiotique&nbsp;
hypothèse de la mer a la plage&nbsp;a.a nucléotide deposer sur la plage par des vagues et les marées même choses pour la pluie sur la lave chaude/ roche d'argile chauffé.<br><br>cet evenement rapporte les monomére sur les rocher qui sont ensuite polymèriser a sec et/ ou grâce au métau et rapporte a la mer a des polymère de differentes longeure
qu'est-ce que les derniere decouverte dise&nbsp;Les découvertes des dernières décennies indiquent toutefois que la vie serait apparue avant même la formation des continents. Les phénomènes qui viennent d’être décrits se seraient plutôt produits dans la croûte terrestre des cheminées hydrothermales. La chaleur et la plus grande abondance de N et de P plaident en faveur de cette hypothèse quant au lieu d’origine de la vie sur Terre.
les premiers polynucléotides&nbsp;des petits ARN. Grâce a leur caractérisitque ( monocaténaire, uracile a la place thymine et sythese+degradation rapide) permet a l'ARN d'etre plus facile a reproduire dans les conditions primitives&nbsp;&nbsp;
les monomère dillué ( A, C ,G ,U ) se serait former en l'absence de quoi&nbsp;d'enzyme&nbsp;
en condtion favorable combien d'arn peuvent etre reproduit&nbsp;des millier d'exemplaire&nbsp;
erreure de replication&nbsp;arn different&nbsp;
1980 Tome Cech et Sidney Altmandecouvrent que des ARN agissent comme catalyseur ces ARN ont une configuration 3-D cmpoarable a celle des proteine enzymatique&nbsp;
polypeptide sont des meilleur catalyseur que quoiARN
Pourquoi les polypeptide sont meilleur que les arn au niveaux d'etre un catalyseur&nbsp;car dans les cellules actuelles les propritétés catalytique de l'ARN sont trop limiter pour soutenir toutes les fonctions. Alors que les protéines peuvent prendre des formes complexe et très spécifiques elle peuvent accomplire les fonctions enzymatique&nbsp;
comment il y a eu l'avenement de la traduction&nbsp;<div>Tout polyribonucléotide (ARN) ayant pu favoriser la synthèse d’un polypeptide qui lui est utile était nettement avantagé en termes de survie. Plusieurs copies identiques du polypeptide pouvaient être catalysées, accélérant d’autant plus la synthèse des ARN. Ces derniers en seraient venus à contrôler la synthèse des polypeptides en sélectionnant les a.a. qui entrent dans leur composition</div>
comment restreindre l'acces de cette protéine à l'arn qui la codéeen erigeant un mur autour des deux qui les isoles d'autre arn et leurs protéines&nbsp;
formation des lipides et glucides&nbsp;possible qu'ils se soit former dans l'ocean primitf. Ce qui permet au phosphoglycerolipide de s'associer sponténamment dans ce milieu aquex ( propriéte amphatique ) et forme la membrane bichouche&nbsp;
comment la première cellule a été crée&nbsp;en se formant la membrane emprisona un ARN qui peut se repliquer&nbsp;
comment était les premières cellulespossible quelle soient depourvues de membrane si elles sont apparues dans les micro-alvéoles de la paroi des cheminées hydrothermals.&nbsp;<br><br>Les membranes se serait formé quand le contenu des alvéoles( ARN, Protéines s'en est détacher pour aller au milieux aquatique)&nbsp;&nbsp;
comment est arriver l'ADNperte de O sur le C2' du pentose .ADN risque moin d'hydrolyse donc c'est une molécule plus stable.&nbsp;<br>( ADN moin suceptible à l'oxydation par les U.V abondant dans l'atmosphère)<br><br>La thymine est plus stable que uracile&nbsp;<br>( uracile facile a produire mais suceptible de mutation ce qui fais des consequence sur la synthese protéique)&nbsp;<br><br>ADN bicaténaire et helicoïdal alors que ARN est monocaténaire&nbsp;<br>( liens H nombreux ---&gt; ADN plus stable et plus long )&nbsp;<br>L'adn a aussi un mecanisme de reparation---&gt; si il y a mutation le brin intact sert de matrice au brin mutant<br>&nbsp;
ADN à evoluer a partir de quoi&nbsp;ARN
ces transformation de nucléotide se serait fait en parralèlle a quoi&nbsp;a l'évolution des polypeptide ayant de meilleur fonctions enzymatiques et des fonctions plus spécialisé
il existe des virus de quoi&nbsp;ARN
certains virus de ARN sont quoides rétrovirus:<br>-&nbsp; dans la cellule inféctée l'ARN se transcrit en court ADN = rétrotranscription&nbsp;<br>-la cellule hôte transcrit ADN en ARN ( processus normal) pour les virions
la retranscription ARN--&gt;ADN a pu se reproduire dans quoi&nbsp;les cellules primitives
Certain pensent que l'ADN à évoluée dans ?les virus et ont été transmit au cellules&nbsp;
qui est le meilleur guardien de l'heredité&nbsp;ADN
Pourquoi l'ADN est le meilleur de l'héréditéCar l'ADN( bicaténaire, T, Helice, long) est beaucoup plus stable mais plus couteux a produire et se conserve toute sa vie&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;Alors que l'ARN ( monocaténaire ,U , court ) et plus simple a produire mais pas autant stable&nbsp;<br>
LUCALast Universal Common Ancestor&nbsp;
caractéristique de LUCA&nbsp;- Tout les 1 organismes cellulaires formée sur terre L.U.C.A est l'unique ancêtre de toutes les formes de vie<br><br>-universalité du code génétique plaide en faveur&nbsp;<br><br>-les autres lignée de cellules formé avant/après L.U.C.A<br><br>-les 2 cellules filles L.U.C.A ont donné des filiation qui sont rendues jusqu'a nos jour<br><br>-L.U.C.A =3,8 milliard années
vie à base de SI (sicillium ) comme squellette moléculaire&nbsp;Sur le tableau périodique, Si se situe dans le même groupe que C, possédant donc 4 électrons de valence, mais sur la troisième période du tableau: 3 couches d’électrons et numéro atomique Z=14 (₁₄Si).<br><br><div><div><div>Ce scénario présente différents problèmes:</div><ul><li>les longues chaînes de Si sont instables en présence de H₂O (le milieu liquide sur Terre) ou de NH₃&nbsp;(le milieu liquide du prochain scénario);</li><li>Si ne peut former de&nbsp;<u>doubles</u>&nbsp;liaisons: O=Si=O est impossible. SiO₂&nbsp;est sous forme de cristal très compliqué n’ayant que des liaisons&nbsp;<u>simples</u>entre les atomes. Tel cristal est loin d’avoir la simplicité du gaz respiratoire CO₂&nbsp;(O=C=O) utilisé par le vivant connu. L’oxydation d’un polymère du C produit du CO₂&nbsp;gazeux qui est expulsé, alors que l’oxydation d’un polymère de Si donne du verre SiO₂, pas idéal pour la respiration!</li></ul></div></div><div><div><div></div></div></div><br>
vie a base de amoniac NH₃&nbsp;comme mileu liquide&nbsp;<div>H₂O est à l’état liquide dans une fenêtre de 0° à 100°C, mais NH₃&nbsp;est liquide dans une zone plus restreinte de 43°, soit de -34° à -77°C. Y a-t-il une planète (pas nécessairement dans notre système solaire) à ces températures où se trouve du NH₃&nbsp;liquide?</div><div><br></div><div>Les substances sont plus denses à l’état solide qu’à l’état liquide et l’ammoniac ne fait pas exception à cette règle.&nbsp; L’ammoniac solide (sous -77°C) étant plus dense que l’ammoniac liquide, des lacs d’ammoniac gèleraient entièrement du fond jusqu’à la surface et la vie ne pourrait pas s’y maintenir. Seulement quelques mètres superficiels dégèleraient l’été (hiver/été pour les T° d’ammoniac), à moins que la planète n’ait pas de saisons et soit à T° constante.</div><div><br></div><div>La vie cellulaire a pris des centaines de millions d’années à apparaître sur Terre à température très variable mais estimée autour de 20°C. Combien de temps prendrait-elle à apparaître sur une planète d’ammoniac liquide, soit entre -34° à -77°C? À chaque baisse de température de 10°, les réactions chimiques prennent deux fois plus de temps à se produire.&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;Vie avec ammoniac commence a 13,8 milliard d'année&nbsp;</div>
membrane plasmique&nbsp;-delimite physiquement la cellule&nbsp;<br>-frontière entre les milieux interne( cytoplasme) et extracellulaire<br>- controle entré et sortir&nbsp;<br>maintien le milieu interne organiser&nbsp;
cytoplasme&nbsp;-solution cytosol dans laquelle se deroule les reactions chimique qui transforme l'energie et les matiériaux nécessaire à la vie et à la reproduction de la cellule&nbsp;<br>-pluseurs macromolécule et particules baignent dans le cytoplasme&nbsp;
ADN&nbsp;molécule qui contient l'info necessaire au fonctionnement de la cellule transmit de génération en génération pendant la division cellulaire&nbsp;
ribosome&nbsp;assemblage ARNr et de protéine ou sont synthétisés les protéine par traduction de l'ARNm lui même transcrit d'un segment d'ADN&nbsp;
ATP ( adénosine triphosphate)-provient de la conversation métabolique de l'énergie contenue dans les nutriement ou le soleil&nbsp;<br><br>-utilisé par toutes les cellules comme sources d'énergie necessaire pour reaction chimique&nbsp;
ordre chronologique&nbsp;-formation petit arn&nbsp;<br>-avenement traduction&nbsp;<br>-formation premiere cellule<br>-formation adn&nbsp;<br>L.U.C.A&nbsp;
2 type de cellule procaryote&nbsp;- Bactérie: avant appelées eubactéries( e.coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptocous , salmonela, lactobacillus). Les bactérie phtotosynthétique ou cyanobactérie.<br><br>- Archée: descendant moderne d'une ancienne forme de procaryote. Dans des endroit hostiles ressemblant à la terre primitive. ( source thermal acides où la température+ 60 degre celcius et un ph 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
qui a découvert les première bactéries&nbsp;Van Leewenhoek en 1676&nbsp;
comment les bactérie dommine la biosphère&nbsp;par le nombre et leur activité métabolique en décomposant les organismes morts t en recyclan ainsi les élèments chimique vitaux&nbsp;
les bactérie sont ?majoritairement inofensive&nbsp;
les bactérie se retrouvent où et ont coloniser quoi?Les bactérie se retrouve partout et on coloniser les endroit les plus hostiles de la biosphère
qui a besoin de quiles eucaryote ont besoin des procaryotes pas l'inverse&nbsp;
combien de temps avant les eucaryote, sont arrivé les procaryotes&nbsp;&nbsp;1,5 milliard d'année
comment se caractérise les bactéries&nbsp;par leur petite taille, la présence d'une paroi( sauf chez mycoplasme ), leur génome reduit 1 molécule ADN et l'absence d'organite&nbsp;&nbsp;
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quelles&nbsp; sont les 3 formes de bacteriessphérique---&gt; coque( cocci)<br>batônet---&gt; bacille ( bacilli)&nbsp;<br>spirale ---&gt; spirilles ( spirilla)&nbsp;&nbsp;
de quoi est composé la membrane plasmique des bactéries&nbsp;<br>bicouche de phosphoglycéro lipide sans glycolipide ni cholesterol.&nbsp;<br><br>des protéines rentrent dans la bicouche lipidique notamments les enzyme necessaire pour la synthese de ATP&nbsp;
Quelle bacterie n'a pas de paroi externe&nbsp;les mycoplasmes et elles ont des centaines d'espèce&nbsp;
la membrane plasmique du mycoplasme renferme quoidu cholestérol quelle ne synthétize pas elle même mais quelle derobe aux membrane des cellules animales quelles infectent.<br>-la membrane possede une surface membranaire en exces ---&gt; peut gonfler sans eclater&nbsp;<br>-cause des infection pulmonaire et infection génitale transmise sexuellement&nbsp;
certaine bacterie possedent dans leur membrane plasmique des quoi?&nbsp;des hopanoïde qui resemble au cholesterole mais qui ont 5 cycle a la place de 4&nbsp;
le rôle des hopanoïdes?apporte plus de solidité ou de fluidité à la membrance bactérienne<br><br>peut abbondant, leur proportion augmenterais dans certaine condition environementale&nbsp;
la membrane de certaine bacterie projette quoi&nbsp;des invagination cytoplasmique , parfois detacher de la membrane.<br>Comme la synthese de ATP se fais sur une membrane cet accroisement permet d'augmenter sa production
nitrocytis oceanus fait quoi&nbsp;capte l'azote gazeux et le converti en NH₄^+,&nbsp;NO_2&nbsp;ou NO₃^-&nbsp;qui sont assimilables&nbsp;
contenu cytoplasmique&nbsp;nucléoïde et plasmide&nbsp;
nucléoïde&nbsp;-region du cytoplasme ou se trouve la seul molécule d'ADN bicaténaire fermer en boucle et attacher à la membrane plasmique par une sequence de nucléotide spécifique \<br><br>-on retrouve dans le nucléoïde les enzymes necessaire à la transcription réplication et reparation de l'ADN&nbsp;<br><br>ADN chromosomique n'est pas associé au histone&nbsp;<br>
plasmide&nbsp;-anneau d'ADN plus petit que le chromosome avec une vingataine de gene * chromosome d'e.coli a 4000 gene et + )&nbsp;<br><br>-toute bactérie possède un chromosome, mais pas toute bactéries possède un plasmide et il y en a qui ont plus de 1 plasmide&nbsp;<br><br>-plasmides constituent un ajout d'nfo et permet au bacterie de métaboliser des nutriments inhabituel, de produire des toxines, faire face à des situatin imprévue et de resister au antibiotique<br><br>-se replique indépendament de ADN chromosomique et parfois en meme temps&nbsp;<br><br>-peut être transferer d'une bacterie a une autre et parfois d'une espece a l'autre&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
les inclusion cytoplasmique&nbsp;<br>-dans certaines condition les bacteries peuvent accumuler des substance chimiques sous formes d'inclusion cytoplasmique&nbsp;<br><br>-lorsqu'un élement nutritif se trouve en excès, il peut être captê et mis en reserve&nbsp;<br><br>-les inclusions cytoplasmiques sont composé de matière organique ou inorganique qui peut être entourer d;une couche de phosphoglycerolipide ou proteine amphatique&nbsp;<br><br>-difference de sollubilité dans le cytosol expliquent qu'elles s'amoncellent en strucutre qui sont visible au microscope electronique et photonique&nbsp;
inclusion organique&nbsp;-glycogène: petit granule disperser dans le cytoplasme entouré ou non de membrane monocouche. Une source d'energie et de carbone&nbsp;<br><br>-lipide: granule de polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), hydrophobe, entouré d'une membrane moncouche. Sert de reserve de carbone et d'energie&nbsp; &nbsp;
inclusion inorganique ( sans carbone)&nbsp;polyohosphate: granule hydrophobes, non entouré de membrane, reserve de phosphate&nbsp; <br><br>soufre: granule entourer d'une membrane monocouche chez les cyanobactérie&nbsp;<br><br>magnétosomes: structure permanente dont le nb varie selon l'espace bactérienne qui en possède. Granule entouré d'une bicouche lipidique qui est une invagination de la membrane plasmique&nbsp;
info sur magnétosome&nbsp;Les magnétosomes contiennent du&nbsp;<u>fer</u>&nbsp;permettant aux bactéries qui en possèdent de s’orienter par rapport au champ magnétique terrestre. <br><br>Les bactéries magnétotactiques sont micro-aérophiles (aiment peu l’oxygène) et flagellées et elles se rencontrent dans les sédiments marins et dans la boue, à des latitudes où les lignes du champ magnétique sont à angle par rapport à la surface de la Terre. Quand les mouvements de l’eau les délogent de leur milieu micro-aérophile et les amènent à la surface (la surface du fond marin ou de la boue), leurs magnétosomes, avec le concours de flagelle(s), leur permettent de s’enfoncer dans les sédiments à une profondeur à laquelle il y a peu d’oxygène, leur zone de confort.<br><br>&nbsp;Ainsi, les bactéries ont inventé la boussole!
comment est la paroi des bactérie&nbsp;la paroi des bactérie est solide, masi poreuse et flexible. <br>Cette paroi entoure les bactéries<br>cette paroi ne limite pas le passage de petite substance de l'exetrieur_&lt;----^----&gt;&nbsp;intérieure
deux type de paroi-chez certaine espèce la paroi est former seulement de peptidoglycane ÉPAIS&nbsp;<br>- chez d'autre espèce la paroi est former de peptidoglycane MINCE + une membrane externe&nbsp;
qu'est-ce que le lipoprotéines relient&nbsp;ils relients les peptidoglycane au feuillet externe de la membrance plasmique liaison covalente&nbsp;
les partie de peptidoglycane( glycane&nbsp;&nbsp;-1 polymère de glucide de 2 monosaccharide aminé :&nbsp;<br>acide N-acétylmurmamique (NAM)<br>acide acétylglucosamine ( NAG)&nbsp;<br><br>-Ils se repentent en alternance en même nombre&nbsp;<br>-Ces monomères sont reliès entre eux par des liaisons glycosidiques
partie du peptidoglycane ( pepto/peptide)&nbsp;-tétrapeptide qui sont relier par des liaisons peptidique et catalysée par l'enzyme transpeptidase&nbsp;<br><br>-en + des a.a de type L on a des a.a de type D ( D-alanine, D-glutamate) qui sont les isomères des précédent&nbsp;<br><br>-Chaque tétrapeptide dont la composition exacte diffère entre espèces bactérienne est attaché à un NAM par liaisons covalente. JAMAIS&nbsp; a un NAG&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
Les protéines ont quels types de a.a.seulement le type L
qu'est-ce qui relient directements les tétrapeptides voisinsdes ponts interpeptide de 5 molecules de glycine&nbsp;<br>Pont 5-gly&nbsp;<br>pont pentglycine&nbsp;
qu'est-ce qui forme une immense molécule de peptidoglycane ( 2 a 40 nm )&nbsp;toutes les liaison entre glucides et leurs tetrapeptide
qu'est-ce qui se passe pour les bactéries sans membrane externedes molécules d'acide lipoteichoïque et d'acide teichoïque traverse le peptidoglycane et y sont liées&nbsp;
ou sont ancré les acides lipoteichoïque et teichoïque&nbsp;A.L: dans la partie hydrophile de membrane plasmique de la cellule la liant au peptidoglycane , mais pas au A.T plus court&nbsp;
les feuillets de la membrance externe&nbsp;Feuillet interne : phosphoglycerolipide&nbsp;<br>feuillet externe: lipopolysaccharides: la partie lipide vers le feuillet interne et la partie saccharide vers le feuillet externe&nbsp;
quand sont libérés les lipopolysaccharide&nbsp;quand la bacterie meurt&nbsp;
pourquoi on appelle les lipopolysaccharides des endotoxinescar elle causent la fievre chez les animaux&nbsp;
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<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-highlight"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
<div><button id=""toggle"">Activer/Désactiver les Masques</button></div>
"
"
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
""
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-highlight"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
<div><button id=""toggle"">Activer/Désactiver les Masques</button></div>
"
"
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
""
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-highlight"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
<div><button id=""toggle"">Activer/Désactiver les Masques</button></div>
"
"
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
""
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-highlight"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
<div><button id=""toggle"">Activer/Désactiver les Masques</button></div>
"
"
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
""
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-highlight"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
<div><button id=""toggle"">Activer/Désactiver les Masques</button></div>
"
"
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
""
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-highlight"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
</script>
<div><button id=""toggle"">Activer/Désactiver les Masques</button></div>
"
"
<div style=""display: none""><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0084"" data-top="".2348"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".0569"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0109"" data-top="".3392"" data-width="".094"" data-height="".1158"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0212"" data-top="".4967"" data-width="".1042"" data-height="".0417"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".038"" data-top="".5821"" data-width="".0682"" data-height="".0664"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".0122"" data-top="".8041"" data-width="".0798"" data-height="".0702"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""6"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".5373"" data-top="".1836"" data-width="".121"" data-height="".1006"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br><div class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""7"" data-shape=""rect"" data-left="".536"" data-top="".6599"" data-width="".1158"" data-height="".2068"" data-occludeInactive=""1"" ></div><br></div>
<div id=""err""></div>
<div id=""image-occlusion-container"">
<img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-24 at 8.28.19 PM.png"">
<canvas id=""image-occlusion-canvas""></canvas>
</div>
<script>
try {
anki.imageOcclusion.setup();
} catch (exc) {
document.getElementById(""err"").innerHTML = `Une erreur est survenue en chargeant le schéma à remplir. Votre version d'Anki est-elle à jour ?<br><br>${exc}`;
}
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""
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"
lipoprotéine sont ancrée où?dans la membrane externe par leur extremité hydrophobe s'attache au mince peptidoglycane par liaison covalente&nbsp;
fonction 1 de protection de la paroi&nbsp;-contre l'hypotonocité : <br>la paroi empeche l'eau de rentrer par osmose se qui ferait eclater la cellule<br><br>elle n'offre pas de protection dasn les milieux hypertonique ( l'eau sort de la cellule et la cellule s'affaisse )&nbsp;<br><br>certaine bacteries arrive a survire en milieu très salé&nbsp;<br>
fonction 2 de protectionfocntion mécanique: la paroi ne confère pas la forme coque ,batonnet ou spirille des bactéries mais elle aide a sont maintien&nbsp;
le sens strict et la definition selon les auteur au sujet de l'espace periplasmique&nbsp;sens strict: espace periplasmique est entre membrane plasmique et la paroi. donc sous le peptidoglycane&nbsp;<br><br>Def des auteurs: l'espace periplasmique est entre la membrance externe meme si certaine bactérie l'ont pas. Les peptidiglycane se trouve dans l'espace periplasmique&nbsp;
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"
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"
certaine bacterie possede quoides hopanoide similaire au cholesterole mais avec 5 cylce a la place de 4&nbsp;
en plus des lipoproteine on a quoi?&nbsp;-Navette: protéine de liaison qui facilite le transport de substance externe ---&gt; cytoplasme en livrant leur cargaison a des transporteur de la membrane plasmique&nbsp;<br><br>-exoenzyme: expulse les bactérie hydrolysent les grosses molecule externe en molecule plus petite pour etre transporter dans le cytoplasme. Ils degradent les substance toxique a&nbsp;la bacterie&nbsp;<br><br>- chimiorecepteur: des proteines qui liant les substances
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"
structure peripherique&nbsp;-elles ne sont pas présente chez toute les espece de bacterie&nbsp;<br><br>-elles varient tant par leur forme que par leur fonction&nbsp;<br><br>-trait commun--&gt; située aux-déla de la paroi bactérienne&nbsp;
caractéristique du glycocalyx&nbsp;-couche visquese de polysaccharide autour de la paroi&nbsp;<br><br>- n'existe pas chez toutes les bactéries et peut dépendre de condition externe ( nutriment dans environnement )&nbsp;<br><br>-forme une couche mucoïde qui est diffuse, sans limite nette et qui s'enleve aisément&nbsp;<br><br>- ou forme une veritable capsule qui colle à la paroi avec limite nette qui s'enleve difficillement&nbsp;
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fonction de protection du glycocalyx&nbsp;contre la: <br>-deshydratation des bactérie&nbsp;<br>-la phagocytose par des cellules du systeme immunitaire de l'hote infecté en masquant ;a bactérie qui serait reconnu par le système immunitaire<br>-les virus bactériephages&nbsp;<br>-les detergents
fonction d'adherence du glycocalyxadherence a un substrat( roche, racine des plantes, tissus d'un hote ) ou a d'autre bactérie pour former des colonies ----&gt; effet de groupe&nbsp; &nbsp;
les capsules des bactéries pathgene adhere a quoi?&nbsp;aux tissu de l'hote&nbsp;
caractérisitque des fimbriae et pili&nbsp;-appendice courte droite et mince toute autour de la bacterie&nbsp;<br><br>-fimbriae ne se retrouvent generalement pas chez les bacteries dont la paroi n'a pas de membrane externe&nbsp;<br><br>-former de sucre+phosphate+proteine de la piline est synthéthiser sur les riboso,es dans le cytoplasme peripherique de la cellule&nbsp;<br><br>-les molecules de piline s'ancrent dans la membrane plasmique, s'assemblent et traversent la paroi( peptidoglycane et membrane externe ) pour emerger a l'exterieure de la bactérie&nbsp;&nbsp;
les fimbriaes permettent quoielle permettent au bacteries d'adherer les une aux autre ou a un substrat s'attachant souvent a une molecule specifique de la surface d'un tissu particulier.&nbsp;<br>exemple: les bacteries pathogene n'infecte qu'une region de l;organisme tel que Vibrio chelrae s'attache aux cellule intestinale&nbsp;
la moitier des espece de bacterie se deplace avec quoi&nbsp;un ou des flagelle&nbsp;
le flagelle peut se retrouver chez quiles espece sans membrane externe&nbsp;
flagelle polairesitué a un ou 2 pole d'une bacterie allongé ( batonet spirille)&nbsp;
flagelle pietriche&nbsp;sur les paroi latérales ou tout autour de la bacterie&nbsp;
monotriche1 flagelle polaire
lopotrichetouffe de flagelle a un pole ou aux 2 pole&nbsp;
flageline&nbsp;cylindre creux dont la paroi est composé de proteine. Semi-rigide et peut se regener en cas de bris&nbsp;
ou est synthethiser la flageline&nbsp;sur des ribosomes situé dans le cytoplasme sous le flagelle&nbsp;
ou sont transporter la flagelline&nbsp;dans la lumiere du flagelle jusqu'a son extremitie ou elle s'assemble pur lallonger&nbsp;
lumiere&nbsp;espace dansune structure creuse de forme cylindrique ou de forme sacculaire ( estomac)&nbsp;
ou est attacher le flagelle&nbsp;attaché a la membrane plasmique par un crochet fixé a un essieu entouré de rondelles protéique qui est elle meme enchâssées dans la membrance plasmique&nbsp;
essieumoteur qui fait tourner le flagelle. Il peut tourner dans lles 2 sens&nbsp;
les rondelles&nbsp;le stator qui stabilise le flagelle sur sa base&nbsp;
essieu tourne ou ?&nbsp;dans la membrane plasmique ce qui entraine les flagelles qui propulse la bactérie a une frequence de 40 a 60 hertz ( tour/sec)&nbsp;
une bacterie flagellé fait 100 nanometre/ seconde
de quelle manière les inclusions bactériennes sont-elles differentes des vacuoles d'une cellule eucaryote&nbsp;si elle est presente la membrane entourant une inclusion est composée d'une seul couche de phosphoglycerolipides tandis que la membrane vacuolaire en a 2&nbsp;
quelle structure ne contribue-t-elle pas a l'adherence des bacteries a un substrat&nbsp;le flagelle&nbsp;
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commemtn les scientifiques detecter les bacterie&nbsp;en utilisant le peptidoglycane&nbsp;
qui a crée la coloration Gram&nbsp;Hans Christian Gram a mis en point une coloration des bactérie visible au microscope photonoique tout en pouvant différencier le noyaux des cellules ( 1884)&nbsp;
quels sont les deux groupes de bactérie gramGram+ ( peptidoglycane epais ) et Gram - ( peptidoglycane mince + membrane externe )
les étapes de la coloration gram"1) etale un prelevement sur une lame de verre&nbsp;<br>2) seche pour le fixer a la lame&nbsp;<br>3)appliquer le premier colorant <span style=""color: rgb(141, 55, 178);"">violet cristal</span><br>4)moradant( solution diluée iode ) forme un complexe violet cristal-iode<br>5) deshydrate et decolore avec ethanol ou acetone&nbsp;<br>6)rince avec de l'eau&nbsp;<br>7) applique le deuxieme colorant <span style=""color: rgb(208, 187, 30);"">safranine</span> ou<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 255);""> fuschine&nbsp;</span><br>8) rince seche et observe au microscope"
quelles couleurs sont les bactérie gram + et gram-gram+= violet&nbsp;<br>gram-= rose&nbsp;
un prelevement peut avoir combien des 2 type de bacterie&nbsp;il peut y avoir les 2 ou aucun ( mycoplasme )&nbsp;
pourquoi les bactérie Gram + sont violet&nbsp;leur paroi poreuse laisse le colorant violet cristal penetrer dans le cytplsme ou ul se lie au ribosome grace au mordan. Le violet cristal colore surtout le peptidoglycane. Pendant la deshydration le peptidoglycane devient plus petit en emprisone la couleur&nbsp;
pourquoi les bacterie gram- sont roselors de la deshydratation, la membrane externe est dissoute par l'ethanol ou acetane. La couche peptidoglycane est trop mince pour emprisoner le violet cristal-iode. Il est donc eliminer au rincage. Ensuite l'application de la fuschine ou de la safranine rend le mince peptidoglycane rose&nbsp;
les antibiotique sont des agents quoichimitherapeutique capable de tuer une bacterie ou d'en ihniber la croissance&nbsp;
comment detruire les bacterie sans detruir ela cellule eucaryote infectésles antibiotiques doivent tirer profit des difference strucurales et metabolique entre les cellule procaryote et les cellule eucaryote&nbsp;
les caracterisitiques qui distinctes les cellules procaryotes des celulles eucaryotes&nbsp;cellule procaryote: peptidoglycane et ribosome 70s&nbsp;<br>cellule eucaryote : pas de peptidoglycane et ribosome 80s
qui a decouvert le ribosome et en quelle annéegeorge palade en 1955
certain antibiotique ciblent quoi&nbsp;specifiquement le peptidoglycane de la paroi bacterienne&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp;d'autre qui sont conçu plus tard, ciblent l'interieure des bacteries notament la synthese proteique via les ribosomes&nbsp;&nbsp;
antimicrobienpeut tuer un microorganisme ou inhiber leur croissance. Ils affectent la cellule eucaryote&nbsp;
lysozyme&nbsp;enzyme hydrolique retrouvée dans la salives, les larmes, le lait maternel et le blanc d'oeuf. Un veritable antibiotique naturel decouvert en 1922 par alexander fleming.&nbsp;
qu'est-ce que le lysozyme coupe&nbsp;les liens glycosodique qui relie NAM et NAG par hydrolyse ce qui detruit le peptidoglycane&nbsp;
qu'est- ce qui arrive au nacterie GRAM+ lors d'un choc osmotique dans un milieu hypotonique&nbsp;elles ne peuvent pas resister au choc. Elles se remplissent d'eau et eclate&nbsp;
pourquoi les bactérie GRAM- sont proteger du lysozyme&nbsp;car elles ont la membrane externe qui leur prouve une certaine protection en empêchant ou en reduisant la penetration du lysozyme&nbsp;
la peniciline&nbsp;toxine secrete par un champignon microscopique decouverte par alexander fleming 1928.&nbsp;<br><br>elle inhibe l'enzyme transpeptidase qui catalyse la formation des pentaglycine( pont-5gly_ entre tetrapeptide du peptidoglycane&nbsp;<br><br>ce qui affaibli le peptidoglycane . La cellule ne peut resister au choc osmotique et eclate&nbsp;
les variantes naturelles de la peniciline&nbsp;"<span style=""background-color: rgb(170, 255, 255);"">peniciline G:</span><br>-administré par injection intraveineuse ou intramusculaire.<br>-Elle est tres active contre la plupart des bacteries GRAM+ peu contre les bacteries GRAM-. instable en milieu acide et en presence de penicillinase&nbsp;<br><br>Pénicilline V: administrer oralement et plus acido-resistante que la penicilline G&nbsp;"
variante semi-synthétique de la penillicine&nbsp;Ampicilline:&nbsp; active contre les bacterie Gram+ et Gram-. Stable en milieu acide&nbsp;<br><br>Carbénicilline: active contre les bactérie Gram- comme pseudomonas et proteus. Stable en milieu acide mal absorbée par les intestins&nbsp;<br><br>méticilline: resistante a la penicillinase mais moins active que la penicilline G. Instable en milieu acide&nbsp;<br><br>Ticarcilline: similaire a la carbénicilline, mais plus contre pseudomonas&nbsp;
la méticiline oppose quoi&nbsp;la B-lactamase et peut s'averer efficace contre les bacteries&nbsp;
bactérie resistante a la meticilline&nbsp;la staphylococcus aureus Gram+. A l'origine de diverse infection cutanées alimentaire et nosocomiales ( hospitalier )&nbsp;
qu'est-ce qu'on utilise contre staphylococcus aureus&nbsp;le tygacil ou tigecyline( modif de la tetracycline) inhibe la synthese proteique en se fixant sur la petite sous unité du ribosome 30s empechant l'aminoacyl-ARNt de se positionner au site A de la grosse sous unité&nbsp;
la vancomycine&nbsp;glycopeptide hydrophyle de haut poid moleculaire qui se lie par des liaison H a l'extrimité D-alanine des tetrapeptides et empeche la formation de lien direct entre les tetrapeptide ou par pont-5-gly ce qui affecte le peptidoglycane de la paroi
la vancomycine est employer contre quelles types de bacterie et pourquoia cause de son haut poid moleculaire elle ne peut pas traverser des bacteries Gram -. Elle est employer contre les bacteries Gram +.<br><br>des sreptocoques intestinaux GRAM+ ont developper une resistance la vancomycine
pourquoi les bacteries Gram - resistent mieux au antibiotique qui agissent sur le peptidoglycane de la paroicar la membrane offre une certaine barriere a la penetration d'antibiotique aussi gros que&nbsp; ( ex: lysozyme, la vancomycine.) L apenicilline etant plus petite peut facilement penetrer&nbsp;
pouruqoi les mycoplasmes sont insensibles aux antibiotique qui ciblent la paroipuisqu'il n'en possedent pas. Il faut utiliser des antibiotique qui agissent autrement&nbsp;
une bacterie possede environ combien de ribosome 70s10,000
polysomeorganisation des ribosomes. Ils sont organisé en chapelet de ribosomes.<br><br>a chaque polysome est associé une molecule ARNm qui permet de produire plusieurs copies d'une meme proteine&nbsp;
la traducution d'une molecule ARNm e proteine sur des ribosomes debut quand?avant meme que cet ARNm est entierement transcrit&nbsp;
proteine cytoplasmique&nbsp;synthetisé sur des polysomes dans le cytoplasme&nbsp;
où sont synthetisé les membranaire ( incluant les enzyme a la synthese de atp, les FoF₁ATPases)sont aussi synthetisé sur des polysomes dans le cytoplasme puis incorporées dans la membrane&nbsp;
où sont synthétisé les exoenzyme&nbsp;sur des polysomes cytoplasmique sous la membrane plasmique et une sequence d'a.a hydrophobe permet leur translaction a travers la membrane.&nbsp;<br><br>Cette sequence est ensuite excisée&nbsp;
certain antibiotique attaquent les ribosomes 70s sans ?affecter les ribosomes 80 s eucaryotes. Ce qui donne un effet nefaste sur la synthese proteique bacterienne .&nbsp;<br>Il peuvent agire aussi au mycoplasme&nbsp;
streptomycine&nbsp;"infere dans la liasions de Nf Met-ARNt( code d'initiation cellule procaryote ) a un ARNr( par le bras 4 de l'anticodon) de la petite-sous-unité ribosomale 30 s au site P du ribosome elle inhibe la synthese proteique dès la phase d'<span style=""background-color: rgb(170, 85, 255);"">intiation</span>"
tetracycline&nbsp;"agit sur la petite sous unite2 ribosomal mais interfere avec la fixation d'autre aminoacyle-ARNt a un ARNr durant la phase elongation de la chaine peptidique lors de la <span style=""background-color: rgb(170, 85, 255);"">traducution&nbsp;</span>"
chloramphénicol"inhibe la peptidyltransferase( riboso 23s de la grosse sous unité ribosomal) qui catalyse la liaison peptidique lors du transfert de la chaine polypeptidique en construction qui s'est detache de l'ARNt du site p pour se lier a l'aminoacyl-ARNt du site A .&nbsp;<br><br><span style=""background-color: rgb(170, 85, 255);"">phase d'elongation a traduction</span>"
erythromycine&nbsp;se lie a ARNr de la grosse sosu-unité ribosomale et inhibe la translocation( deplacement du ribosome le long de l'ARNm durant la phase de l'elongation)&nbsp;<br><br>En empechant ARNt du site A d'aller au site P, le site A ne se libere pas, ce qui empeche la poursuite de la synthese proteique.
entéronacteries ( Gram - système digestif)&nbsp;bacterie super-resitante qui est apparu il y a quelle années. Elle possèdent un gene nommé NDM-I qui code l'enzyme NDM-B-lactamase( new dehli metallo.) Ce gene se trouve sur un plasmide&nbsp;
indice therapeutique&nbsp;ratio de la dose toxique chez au moin 50% sur la dose therapeutique chez au moin 50% des sujets<br><br>Si indice therapeutique est faible c'est mauvais si il est elever c'est bien
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"
la reproduction des bacteries se fait comment?scissiparité&nbsp;
après que l'adn se soit repliquer il s'ajoute quoi?de nouveaux phosphoglycerolipides dans la membrane plasmique au centre de la bacterie&nbsp;
la nouvelle membrane et la paroi augmenté s'invaginent où?dans le cytoplasme de sorte a separer les 2 chromosomes pour que chacun soit attribuer a une cellule fille
quelle protéine crée un etranglement au centre de la bacterie-mereFTSZ( filamentous thermosensitive mutant Z ) ( Analogue a la tubine des Cellule eucaryote)&nbsp;
en se contractant l'anneau divise quoi&nbsp;la bactérie-mere en 2 cellule filles de taile identique qui sont de meme taille que la cellule mere initiale
croissance bactérienne&nbsp;expression utiliser pour parler de l'accroisement d'une colonie bacterienne resultant de la multiplication des bactéries individuelles.&nbsp;
De quoi depend la croissance bacterienne&nbsp;de la temperature, le PH, salinité, disponibilité des nutriments&nbsp;&nbsp;
congelation a 4 degrée&nbsp;retarde croissance&nbsp;
congelation de 24h a -18 degrée&nbsp;conserve d'avantage mais cause la formation de cristaux de glace qui altère le gout des aliments&nbsp;
surcongelation( congelation rapide 1h ou moin entre -35 et -196 degrée)qui evite la formation de cristaux et conserve la saveur des aliments. Ensuite entreposé a -18 degrée
quelles autre type de conservation sont possibles-salaison des viandes ou des poissons<br>-cuisson au citron/lime&nbsp;<br>-sucre pour confiture protege contre la contamination bactérienne&nbsp;
sporestrucutre qui se forme chez les bactérie Gram + resistante a la chaleur quand les conditions ne sont pas favorables a leur croissance. Leur peptidoglycane est particulierement epais&nbsp;
la spore peut resister a quoi et combien de temps&nbsp;a des condition extreme ( temperature, absence d'eau poisons) durant de longues années voire des siecles&nbsp;
dipicolinate de calciumsynthétisé par ces bacterie et protege le cytoplasme en minimisant la formation de radicaux libre d'exposition a des radiation et stabilise l'adn&nbsp;
les couches qui forments ces bacterie sont formé de quoi&nbsp;de keratine et impérméabilisent la spore et la rendent resistante aux agent chimiques . Ils sagit de l'interne vers l'externe: du cortex, de la tunique et de l'exospirum qui s'ajoutent a l'epais peptidoglycane&nbsp;
"
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"
sporulationprocessus de formation d'une enospore et sa liberation de la bactérie&nbsp;
les etapes de la sporulation1: replication de l'ADN en meme temps que&nbsp;<br><br>2: invagination de la membrane plasmique<br><br>3: synthése du dipicolinate de calcium et des couches celles-ci autour de la molecu;e d'adn-fille et de ribosomes complétant la formation de l'endosphore&nbsp;<br>*l'autre molecule AD-fille reste dans le cytoplasme de la bactérie intiale<br><br>4: lyse de la cellule intiale et la iberation de l'endosphore qui s'appelle maintenant spore. Le reste de la cellule meurt&nbsp;
comment la spore peuvent devenir une bacterie et en combien de minuteslorsque les conditions favorable reviennent( eau nutriments, temperature). La spore peut gonfler briser ses couche et prendre la forme d'une bacterie. Devenant en quelques minutes une bacterie actives&nbsp;
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<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
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// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
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<script>
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<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
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amask.style.display = 'block'
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
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<script>
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
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</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
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<div id=""io-extra"">
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</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
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<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""1f7971e70abb4e83b34f993994112cf3-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 10.17.49 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
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<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
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amask.style.display = 'block'
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
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<script>
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<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
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amask.style.display = 'block'
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"
source d'energie chez les plantes&nbsp;les plantes phototrophe utilisent l'energie du soleil ( photons) par la photosynthese en energie cellulaire ATP&nbsp;
Source d'energie chez les animaux&nbsp;chimiotrophes utilisent des produit provenant des plantes ou des animaux qu'ils integrent ( leur nourriture) qu'ils convertissent par la respiration ou la fermentation en ATP&nbsp;
source de carbone chez les plantes&nbsp;les plantes autotrophes puisent leur carbone d'une source inorganique, le CO_2&nbsp;de l'air pour construire leurs molecule organiques&nbsp;
source de carbone pour animaux&nbsp;heterotrophes utilisent le carbone de source organique soit la nourriture&nbsp;
combien de type de bacterie&nbsp;4
type 1 de bacterie&nbsp;photoautotrophes: utilisent la lumiere solaire comme soure d'ATP et le CO₂&nbsp;comme source de carbone pour construire leur molecules organique ex: cyanobacterie
type 2 bacterie&nbsp;photoheterotrophe : utilisent la lumiere solaire comme source externe d'energie pour produire ATP et necessitent du carbone organique tel le glucose comme apport de c pour edifier leurs molecules organiques tout en pouvant utiliser le CO_2.&nbsp;<br><br>Exemple: des bactérie non sulfureuses vertes et pourpres dans les lacs pollués pratiquent la photosynthèse sans degager du o₂
type 3 bacterie&nbsp;chimioautotrophes: l'energie externe de ces bactéries provient de l'oxydation de molécules inorganique( H,S,NH₃, ECT). a partir desquelles elles produisent l'ATP et elles utilisent le CO_2&nbsp;&nbsp;comme source de carbone. <br><br>Exemple: thiobacillus ( Gram-) reduit le souffre et nitrocystis oceanus ( Gram-), fixatrice d'azote&nbsp;
type 4 bacterie&nbsp;chimioheterotrophes : tres grande majorite des bacteries necessite des molecultes organique comme source d'energie et de carbone( tout comme les animaux ).&nbsp;<br><br>La quantité substance organiques quelles degradent est astronomique ( certaines bacteries peuvent egalement metaboliser le petrole). Si aucune bacterie chimioheterotrophes ne peut digere un certain composé ce dernier est qualifié de non biodegradable .
saprophytes&nbsp;degradent des debris organique pour obtenir leur nutriments
les parasites obtiennent leur nutriment a partir de quoi?de leurs hôtes vivants certaines bacteries vivent dans l'hote sans lui nuire. Les mycoplasme sont plutot parasites, mais certain sont saprophyte&nbsp;
nombre de cellules microbiennes( symbiotiques)&nbsp; sur et dans le corp humain&nbsp;10x plus grand que le nombre de cellules humaines&nbsp;
aérobie stricte&nbsp;utilisent oxygene pour leur respiration cellulaire&nbsp;
aéro-anaérobieutilisent oxygene si present masi peuvent fonctionner par fermentation sans oxygene<br><br>exemple escherichia coli ( gram -) staphylocoques et streptocoques ( gram + )&nbsp;
microaérophiles&nbsp;vivent en presence d'un faible quantité O_2&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>ex: magnetotactique ( Gram -)&nbsp;
anaérobies aérotolérente&nbsp;&nbsp;tolere la presence de O_2&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>ex: cutibacteriumacnes Gram +&nbsp;
anaérobie stricte&nbsp;ne peuvent pas utiliser l'O₂, ni survivent en sa presence&nbsp;<br>ex; clostridium tetani Gram +&nbsp;
"
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<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div>
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<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div>
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// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
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amask.style.display = 'block'
}
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
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<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div>
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</div>
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<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div>
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<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
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<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
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mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
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<div id=""io-header""></div>
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<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div>
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<script>
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
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var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
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<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div>
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</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
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<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
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"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 10.53.03 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
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<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
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<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 10.53.03 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
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<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
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"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div>
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<script>
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
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var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
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<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""99f8fcdc28354fbcba98de9b30f09bcf-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div>
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<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
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<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
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mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis, ou bacille de Koch, d’après son découvreur en 1882, affecte les voies respiratoires, causant la tuberculose. Il n’est pas un mycoplasme, mais est néanmoins insensible à la coloration de Gram vu un enrobage autour de la paroi. D’autres tests sont employés pour le détecter.
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sexe chez les bacterie&nbsp;echange genetique et est independant de la reproduction&nbsp;
trois façon de faire le sexe&nbsp;conjugaison<br>transformation<br>transduction
conjugaisonbactérie donneuse emet de faćon transitoire un type de spéciale de fimbria appelé pilier sexuel au nb de 2 ou 3 et composé de la protéine&nbsp; pili&nbsp;
pilier sexuelse forment entre cette bacterie et une autre bactérie receptrice. Ils servent a la reconnaissance entre les 2 bacteries et a les connecter&nbsp;
les piliers sexuel raccourcissent quand&nbsp;une fois que les bactéries sont reliée, les pilier racourcissent rapprochent les 2 bacterie et un pont de conjugaisoin cytoplasmique se forme par lequel un brin d'adn plasmidique pause de la bacterie donneuse a la receptrice&nbsp;&nbsp;
chacune des bacterie synthétise quoi&nbsp;un brin complémentaire pour que leur ADN plasmidique redevient bicaténaire&nbsp;
la bacterie qui etait recptrice contient maintenant quoi?un plasmide et devient potentiellement une bacterie donneuse&nbsp;
transformationsegment adn chromosomique d'une bactérie qui vient de mourir penetre dasn une autre bacterie( vivante ) de la meme espece ou proche et s'incorpore a son chromosome ou a un plasmide. La transformation peut rendre virulente une souche bacterienne qui ne l'etait pas&nbsp;
transductiontransfert d'un segment d'adn chromosomique d'une bacterie par un virus bactériophage a une autre bacterie qu'il parasite sans la lyser&nbsp;
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<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-8-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-8-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-9-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-9-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-10-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-10-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-11-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-11-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-12-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-12-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-13-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-13-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-14-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-14-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-15-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-15-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-16-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-16-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-17-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-17-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-18-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""cd3bcf6f51894c1d96e3cb2fd10b6f4c-ao-18-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.10.22 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-8-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-8-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-9-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-9-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-10-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-10-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-11-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-11-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-12-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""8bfa146803a244429037a0bb130189b6-ao-12-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.11 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-5-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-5-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-6-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-6-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-7-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-7-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-8-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-8-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-9-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""510b5a0c961f4be99cfdd724b91625d3-ao-9-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screenshot 2025-03-26 at 11.11.57 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
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"
qui est comment sont decouvert les archéesdecouvertes par Carl Woese en 1977&nbsp;<br><br>observé depuis 19 siecle, ce n'est qu'en 1977 grace aux technique biologiques les plus sophistiquées que les travaux de Carl Woese devoilent que les archées ne sont pas des bacterie&nbsp;
elle partagent l'etat de quelle celulle&nbsp;procaryote&nbsp;
les archées sont&nbsp;des petites cellules allant d'une fraction de nano metre jusqu'a 10 nanometre de longeure + ne possede qu'une seul molecule d'adn et adopte les 3 formes des bacteries
les archées ne forment pas de ?spore
difference archées bacterie&nbsp;adaptation milieux extreme où elle vivent
la membrane des archées montre des ?adaptation au condition extreme de chaleur et d'acidité pour eviter de se rompre&nbsp;
on retrouve des quoi dans les archées&nbsp;des diéthers ( R-O-R) de glycerol au lieu de diester ( R-COO-R) de glycerol un O en -&nbsp;
les chaines carbonnées des phosphoglycérolipide&nbsp;peuvent etre ramifiées plutot que simple&nbsp;
qu'est-ce qu'on retrouver des quoi dans la cellule meme des archéesdes tetraéthers de glycerol un diéther a chaque extrimité de la chaine faisant que les acide gras qui se font face se lient a leur extremité pour former une chaine continue&nbsp;
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"
cytoplasme des archées&nbsp;se compare a celui des bacterie avec une region nucléotide&nbsp;
adn associé a quoi&nbsp;a des proteine comparable a des histones&nbsp;
certaine espece d'archée possedent quoi?un ou des plasmide&nbsp;
la paroi des archéesconstitué de polymère de glucide ( N-acétylglucosamine et N-acétylosaminuronique a la place de l'acide N-acetylmurmamique) en plus de tetrapeptide formant un pseudopeptidoglycane dont les propriétés et les fonctions se comparent a celle du peptidoglycane bactérien.&nbsp;
membrane externe&nbsp;n'existe pas car elle ne survivrai pas au conditoin extreme
les archées ne possedent pas de&nbsp;membrane externe et de fimbriae&nbsp;
plusieur espece d'archée sontflagellées
le flagelle differe&nbsp;du flagelle bacterien&nbsp;
le flagelle des archées n'est pas&nbsp;creux et croit par sa base&nbsp;
le flagelle archée est composer de ?de different proteine similaire a la piline plutot qu'a la flagelin et il utilise ATP comme source d'energie non ion H+
1 type archée ( methanogene)productrice de methane.<br><br>coque ou batonnet chimioautotrophes qui utilisent le h2 pour reduire le CO2 en CH4.&nbsp;<br><br>Anaerobie stricte, elle vivent dans les marais et marecages où les autre organisme ont deja consommer toute l'oxygene.&nbsp;<br><br>certain peut se retrouver dans l'estomac des termine et des ruminants. Les vaches libere par eructation du methane former par leur panse. Notre estomac peut aussi contenir ces archée et elle cause des flatulence.&nbsp;<br><br>Elle se retrouve egalement dans des environnement extreme comme les glace au groenland ou les sables du desert.&nbsp;<br><br>cinquentaine d'espece&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;
type 2 archée&nbsp;halophile extreme: vivant dans des milieux tres salé comme le grand lac salé usa ou la mer morte israel. Salinitée va entre 15-20% alors que l'eau de mer est a&nbsp; % de salinité.&nbsp;<br><br>leur cytoplasme est riche en KCL sel qui permet d'eviter la perte d'eau par osmose&nbsp;
tyoe 3 archée&nbsp;theroacidophiles: vivent dans des endroit chaud et acides temp entre 60 et 80 degrée avec un PH de 2. ex Source thermales, cheminé sous- marines ou des endroit tres pollués. Ells sont surout aébies ou microaérophile, mais certaine sont anaérobies strictes.&nbsp;