REPORT ON PASIIVE & ACTIVE DESIGN STRATERGIES USED IN
DESIGN.
SITE CONTEXT
PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR PATHS OF USERS AND DRAINAGE AND ELECTRICAL LINE ON SITE
TYPES OF USERS
MAJORLY COMMERCIAL USERS FROM SEZ ZONES WEST SIDE
MAJOR RESIDENTIAL USERS FROM EAST
SITE AREA
MIXED USE COMMERCIAL SHOPS ON GF
SITE CONTEXT
DESIGN DECISION
FRUITS AND VEGETABLE MARKET REQUIRED FOR THE ENTIRE NEIGHBOURHOOD
OPEN SPACE AND PARK FOR RESIDENTIAL USERS
CAFES , BANKS, SUPERMARKET, GROCERY, PRINTING SCANNING, ATM, MEDICAL CONSULTATION,
PHARMACY ACCESIBLE FROM BOTH SIDE OF STATION
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
1. TEMPERATURE & HEAT CONDITIONS
BAMANDONGRI EXPERIENCES A TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE (KÖPPEN: AW/AM)
SUMMERS (MARCH–MAY): HIGH TEMPERATURES, REACHING UP TO 35-40°C, CAUSING HEAT STRESS.
MONSOON (JUNE–SEPTEMBER): HEAVY RAINFALL DUE TO THE SOUTHWEST MONSOON WITH HUMIDITY OVER 80%.
WINTERS (NOVEMBER–FEBRUARY): MILD, RANGING FROM 17-25°C, COMFORTABLE FOR OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES.
2. RAINFALL & HUMIDITY
ANNUAL RAINFALL: 2200-3000 MM, MOSTLY IN MONSOON MONTHS.
HIGH HUMIDITY LEVELS (ABOVE 70% MOST OF THE YEAR)
RISK OF WATERLOGGING IN LOW-LYING AREAS DUE TO POOR DRAINAGE
3. WIND FLOW & NATURAL VENTILATION
MONSOON WINDS: SOUTHWEST DIRECTION, STRONG DURING RAINY MONTHS.
WINTER & SUMMER WINDS: MODERATE, COMING FROM THE NORTHEAST.
ORIENTATION STRATEGY: MAXIMIZING VENTILATION BY ALIGNING OPENINGS TOWARDS PREDOMINANT WIND
DIRECTIONS.
NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTATION: MAXIMIZES NATURAL DAYLIGHT WHILE REDUCING EXCESSIVE HEAT GAIN
FROM THE EAST AND WEST.
DESIGN DECISION
RAILWAY STATION BUILDING ORIENTED NORTH SOUTH FOR MINIMUM HEAT GAIN AND MAXIMUM LIGHT
OFFICE BLOCK KEPT
DIFFUSED SUNLIGHT ENTERING THROUGH WINDOWS WALLS AT EAST AND WEST FACE
HIGH ALBEDO SURFACES
IMPLEMENTATION IN DIFFERENT AREAS
A. PAVING & HARDSCAPES
LIGHT-COLORED PERMEABLE PAVERS:
MATERIAL: WHITE OR LIGHT-GREY CONCRETE PAVERS, NATURAL STONE (GRANITE, LIMESTONE), OR COOL
PAVEMENT COATINGS.
BENEFIT: REDUCES SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND ALLOWS WATER INFILTRATION TO PREVENT HEAT
BUILDUP.
APPLICATION: USED IN PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS, CYCLING TRACKS, AND PLAZAS.
COOL ASPHALT FOR ROADS & PARKING:
MODIFIED BITUMEN WITH REFLECTIVE AGGREGATES TO REDUCE HEAT ABSORPTION.
APPLIED IN INTERNAL ROADS, BUS BAYS, AND DROP-OFF ZONES.
B. BUILDING FACADES & WALLS
HIGH-REFLECTANCE PAINTS & COATINGS:
USE OF WHITE, PASTEL, OR REFLECTIVE PAINTS FOR WALLS OF STATION CONCOURSE, COMMERCIAL
BUILDINGS, AND RETAIL SPACES.
BENEFIT: REDUCES HEAT GAIN AND INDOOR COOLING DEMAND.
REFLECTIVE CLADDING MATERIALS:
USE OF ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS (ACP), TERRACOTTA PANELS, AND LIGHT-COLORED STONE
CLADDING.
APPLICATION: FOR OFFICE TOWERS, MALL EXTERIORS, AND PUBLIC WAITING AREAS.
GREEN WALLS & VERTICAL GARDENS:
LIVING GREEN FACADES WITH SELF-IRRIGATING CLIMBERS TO FURTHER REDUCE SURFACE TEMPERATURES.
APPLIED TO STATION WALLS, PARKING STRUCTURES, AND PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES.
C. ROOFS & TERRACES
COOL ROOFS (HIGH SOLAR REFLECTANCE INDEX - SRI MATERIALS):
WHITE OR LIGHT-COLORED TILES, ELASTOMERIC ROOF COATINGS, AND THERMALLY INSULATED ROOFING
MEMBRANES.
APPLIED ON RAILWAY STATION, MALL, AND COMMERCIAL BUILDING ROOFTOPS.
GREEN ROOFS & SOLAR PANEL SHADING:
VEGETATED ROOFTOPS WITH NATIVE PLANTS TO PROVIDE INSULATION.
SOLAR PANELS ACTING AS SHADING DEVICES TO REDUCE HEAT GAIN AND GENERATE RENEWABLE ENERGY.
DOUBLE-SKIN FACADES: HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS WILL USE VENTILATED DOUBLE FAÇADES TO REDUCE DIRECT
SOLAR HEAT GAIN.
High-Performance Glass: Solar-control glazing with low U-value and
low solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) will reduce cooling loads.
SOLAR PENETRATION IS REDUCED BY MOVING FINS TOGETHER, MAKING THEM DEEPER OR BOTH
BIOSWALES
Bioswales are vegetated, shallow, landscaped depressions designed to capture, treat, and infiltrate stormwater
and are the most effective type of green infrastructure facility in slowing runoff velocity.
(They have flexible siting requirements, allowing them to be integrated with medians, cul­de­sacs, curb bulbs,
and other public space or traffic calming strategies.)
(Benefits)
The primary benefits of the bioswale are the treatment of stormwater quality. The added vegetation can be
considered a more visually appealing alternative, if decorative plant species are chosen.
Bioswales are not recommended in locations with low infiltration rates because standing water, localized
flooding, and other issues can cause problems within the street and sidewalk in an urban environment.
HIGH ALBEDO SURFACES:
LIGHT-COLORED PAVING, WALLS, AND ROOFS WILL BE USED TO REDUCE HEAT
ABSORPTION AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT.
Permeable Paving Strategy for Bamandongri TOD
Purpose & Benefits
Permeable paving is integrated into the TOD to:
Reduce stormwater runoff and prevent urban flooding.
Allow rainwater infiltration for groundwater recharge.
Minimize heat absorption, reducing the urban heat island effect.
Improve walkability by maintaining dry and slip-resistant surfaces.
Implementation in Different Zones
Pedestrian Pathways & Public Plazas
Use porous concrete, interlocking pavers, or natural stone.
Allow water percolation while maintaining durability.
Cycle Tracks & Car-Free Zones
Permeable asphalt with high load-bearing capacity for durability.
Reduces surface water stagnation, ensuring safe cycling.
Parking Areas & Driveways
Grass pavers or grid systems to maintain green cover while allowing vehicle movement.
Reduces heat absorption compared to traditional asphalt.
Green Roofs & Open Terraces
Permeable surfaces on terraces to retain water and promote rooftop gardens.
Enhances thermal insulation for buildings.
Material Selection
Porous Concrete – Strong and allows water penetration.
Interlocking Pavers – Aesthetic and easy to maintain.
Grasscrete (Reinforced Grass Pavers) – Blends greenery with stability.
Crushed Stone Pathways – Ideal for low-traffic zones and water absorption.
PERMEABLE PAVING
Permeable Paving Strategy for Bamandongri TOD
Purpose & Benefits
Permeable paving is integrated into the TOD to:
Reduce stormwater runoff and prevent urban flooding.
Allow rainwater infiltration for groundwater recharge.
Minimize heat absorption, reducing the urban heat island effect.
Improve walkability by maintaining dry and slip-resistant surfaces.
Implementation in Different Zones
Pedestrian Pathways & Public Plazas
Use porous concrete, interlocking pavers, or natural stone.
Allow water percolation while maintaining durability.
Cycle Tracks & Car-Free Zones
Permeable asphalt with high load-bearing capacity for durability.
Reduces surface water stagnation, ensuring safe cycling.
Parking Areas & Driveways
Grass pavers or grid systems to maintain green cover while allowing vehicle movement.
Reduces heat absorption compared to traditional asphalt.
Green Roofs & Open Terraces
Permeable surfaces on terraces to retain water and promote rooftop gardens.
Enhances thermal insulation for buildings.
Material Selection
Porous Concrete – Strong and allows water penetration.
Interlocking Pavers – Aesthetic and easy to maintain.
Grasscrete (Reinforced Grass Pavers) – Blends greenery with stability.
Crushed Stone Pathways – Ideal for low-traffic zones and water absorption.
DEDICATED CYCLING TRACKS
Dedicated Cycling Tracks for Bamandongri TOD
To promote last-mile connectivity and sustainable transit, dedicated cycling tracks will be integrated
into the TOD design, ensuring seamless movement between the railway station, offices, malls, and
surrounding neighborhoods.
Key Design Strategies
Separate & Safe Cycling Lanes
2–3m wide dedicated lanes to prevent conflicts with pedestrians and vehicles.
Physically segregated from roads using bollards, green buffers, or curb separators.
Integration with Public Transit
Cycling lanes will connect directly to the station entrances for easy access.
Integration with bus terminals, metro lines, and pedestrian pathways.
Bike Rental & Parking Stations
Bicycle docking stations at key points: Railway station, office towers, malls, and residential zones.
App-based bike rental for easy pick-up and drop-off.
Secure cycle parking with CCTV surveillance and shade.
Climate-Friendly Infrastructure
Shaded cycling paths using trees and pergolas to reduce heat exposure.
Permeable paving to prevent water stagnation during monsoons.
Wayfinding & Signage
Clear road markings and signboards for cyclists.
Directional signage leading to docking stations and key destinations.
Benefits of Dedicated Cycling Tracks
Reduces dependency on private vehicles, cutting down emissions.
Enhances first and last-mile connectivity to transit hubs.
Encourages healthy and active mobility.
Reduces traffic congestion in high-density areas.
ON-SITE STP IMPLEMENTATION
GREYWATER TREATMENT: COLLECTS WATER FROM SINKS, SHOWERS, AND OFFICE PANTRIES FOR REUSE IN
LANDSCAPING AND FLUSHING.
BLACKWATER TREATMENT: ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL AND MEMBRANE TREATMENT TO ENSURE WATER MEETS
NON-POTABLE REUSE STANDARDS.
DECENTRALIZED STPS FOR EFFICIENT TREATMENT:
MAIN STP FOR THE ENTIRE TOD.
MINI-STPS FOR MALL, OFFICE TOWERS, AND RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS TO OPTIMIZE RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION
REUSE AND DISTRIBUTION OF TREATED WATER
LANDSCAPING & IRRIGATION – RECYCLED WATER USED FOR GREEN BELTS, ROOFTOP GARDENS, AND
TREE-LINED WALKWAYS.
TOILET FLUSHING – LOW-FLOW FIXTURES IN COMMERCIAL SPACES WILL UTILIZE STP-TREATED WATER.
COOLING SYSTEMS – TREATED WATER WILL SUPPLY HVAC COOLING TOWERS IN MALLS AND OFFICES.
ROAD CLEANING & FIRE SAFETY – STP WATER USED FOR WASHING WALKWAYS AND FIREFIGHTING
SYSTEMS.
SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
DUAL PLUMBING SYSTEM – SEPARATES POTABLE AND NON-POTABLE WATER DISTRIBUTION.
RAINWATER HARVESTING + STP INTEGRATION – ENHANCES WATER SECURITY AND STORAGE.
PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS – TO ALLOW GROUNDWATER RECHARGE AND REDUCE RUNOFF.
STP INTEGRATION FOR WATER REUSE
TO MAXIMIZE WATER EFFICIENCY, RAINWATER HARVESTING WILL BE INTEGRATED WITH THE STP:
COMBINING RAINWATER AND TREATED WASTEWATER
RAINWATER CAN SUPPLEMENT THE STP-TREATED GREYWATER, REDUCING RELIANCE ON MUNICIPAL WATER.
A DUAL-PIPE SYSTEM WILL DISTRIBUTE BOTH SOURCES FOR LANDSCAPING AND FLUSHING.
REUSING TREATED WASTEWATER FOR NON-POTABLE PURPOSES
THE STP WILL TREAT BLACKWATER AND GREYWATERFOR REUSE IN:
TOILET FLUSHING IN COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
HVAC COOLING TOWERS IN THE MALL AND OFFICE BLOCKS.
IRRIGATION FOR GREEN SPACES WITHIN THE TOD.
OVERFLOW MANAGEMENT
EXCESS RAINWATER CAN BE DIRECTED TO:
PERCOLATION PITS FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGE.
RAINWATER STORAGE TANKS FOR LATER USE.
USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY INTEGRATION
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PANELS WILL BE INSTALLED ON:
ROOFTOPS OF THE MALL, OFFICES, AND RAILWAY STATION TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR COMMON AREAS.
BUS STOPS AND STREETLIGHTS FOR INDEPENDENT SOLAR-POWERED ILLUMINATION.
BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEMS WILL STORE EXCESS SOLAR ENERGY FOR NIGHTTIME USAGE.
SOLAR PASSIVE DESIGN & ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SKYLIGHTS & LIGHT WELLS IN THE RAILWAY STATION AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS WILL REDUCE ARTIFICIAL
LIGHTING DEMAND.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE GLASS AND SHADING DEVICES TO MINIMIZE HEAT GAIN.
ENERGY-EFFICIENT LED LIGHTING ACROSS THE TOD FOR REDUCED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION.
PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING
KINETIC FLOORING NEAR HIGH-FOOTFALL AREAS (STATION ENTRANCES, FOOTBRIDGES) WILL GENERATE ENERGY
FROM PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT.
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PANELS
SKYLIGHTS & LIGHT WELLS
PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY TILES DIAGRAM
ENERGY-EFFICIENT LED LIGHTING
DENSE NATIVE PLANTATION FOR BAMANDONGRI TOD
1. TREES FOR SHADING & COOLING
TALL, BROAD-CANOPY TREES WILL BE PLANTED ALONG STREETS, PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS, AND PUBLIC SPACES TO
REDUCE DIRECT HEAT EXPOSURE AND CREATE COMFORTABLE OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS.
RECOMMENDED NATIVE TREES
MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA) – DENSE FOLIAGE, PROVIDES SHADE AND FRUIT.
RAIN TREE (SAMANEA SAMAN) – LARGE CANOPY, DROUGHT-RESISTANT, EXCELLENT FOR ROADSIDES.
PEEPAL (FICUS RELIGIOSA) – ABSORBS POLLUTANTS, OFFERS COOLING SHADE.
NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) – MEDICINAL PROPERTIES, PEST-RESISTANT, PURIFIES AIR.
BANYAN (FICUS BENGHALENSIS) – PROVIDES SHADE, CREATES MICROCLIMATE, SUPPORTS BIODIVERSITY.
INDIAN ALMOND (TERMINALIA CATAPPA) – COASTAL RESILIENCE, GOOD WIND RESISTANCE.
ASHOKA TREE (SARACA ASOCA) – NARROW GROWTH, IDEAL FOR BOULEVARDS AND PATHWAYS.
2. SHRUBS & GROUND COVER FOR HEAT REDUCTION
LOW-GROWING PLANTS WILL BE USED IN OPEN SPACES, PEDESTRIAN ZONES, AND NEAR BUILDING EDGES TO REDUCE
SOIL EROSION, RETAIN MOISTURE, AND ENHANCE AESTHETICS.
RECOMMENDED SHRUBS & BUSHES
HIBISCUS (HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS) – FLOWERING SHRUB, ATTRACTS POLLINATORS.
LANTANA (LANTANA CAMARA) – DROUGHT-TOLERANT, COLORFUL FLOWERS.
IXORA (IXORA COCCINEA) – COMPACT SHRUB, SUITABLE FOR BORDERS AND MEDIANS.
BOUGAINVILLEA (BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS) – LOW WATER REQUIREMENT, EXCELLENT WALL CREEPER.
JASMINE (JASMINUM SAMBAC) – FRAGRANT, REQUIRES MINIMAL MAINTENANCE.
3. VERTICAL & ROOFTOP GREENERY
GREEN WALLS AND TERRACE GARDENS WILL BE INTEGRATED TO REDUCE HEAT ABSORPTION IN BUILDINGS.
MONEY PLANT (EPIPREMNUM AUREUM) – IDEAL FOR VERTICAL WALLS, PURIFIES AIR.
CREEPING FIG (FICUS PUMILA) – GOOD FOR VERTICAL SURFACES, PROVIDES INSULATION.
ALOE VERA (ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER) – LOW WATER REQUIREMENT, MEDICINAL USE.
SPIDER PLANT (CHLOROPHYTUM COMOSUM) – AIR-PURIFYING, SUITABLE FOR SHADED AREAS.
4. COASTAL & RAIN-RESISTANT TREES FOR STORM PROTECTION
SINCE BAMANDONGRI IS NEAR THE COAST, NATIVE TREES WILL BE CHOSEN TO WITHSTAND HEAVY RAINFALL, STRONG
WINDS, AND SALINITY.
CASUARINA (CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA) – WIND-RESISTANT, STABILIZES SANDY SOIL.
COCONUT PALM (COCOS NUCIFERA) – COASTAL ADAPTABILITY, AESTHETIC APPEAL.
PONGAMIA (PONGAMIA PINNATA) – TOLERANT TO FLOODING, GOOD SHADE PROVIDER.
5. PLACEMENT & BENEFITS OF PLANTATION IN BAMANDONGRI TOD
STREET LANDSCAPING: MANGO, RAIN TREE, ASHOKA FOR SHADE.
STATION & PUBLIC SPACES: NEEM, PEEPAL, AND BANYAN FOR AIR PURIFICATION.
PATHWAYS & WALKWAYS: IXORA, HIBISCUS, AND JASMINE FOR AESTHETICS AND BIODIVERSITY.
TERRACES & WALLS: BOUGAINVILLEA, CREEPING FIG, AND MONEY PLANT FOR INSULATION.
COASTAL AREAS & OPEN GROUNDS: CASUARINA AND PONGAMIA FOR WIND RESISTANCE.
IMPACT OF DENSE NATIVE PLANTATION
REDUCES TEMPERATURE – GREEN COVER LOWERS AMBIENT TEMPERATURES BY 3-5°C.
MINIMIZES WATER USAGE – NATIVE SPECIES REQUIRE LESS IRRIGATION.
ENHANCES AIR QUALITY – TREES ABSORB CO₂, DUST, AND POLLUTANTS.
PREVENTS SOIL EROSION – ROOT SYSTEMS STABILIZE GROUND, REDUCING RUNOFF.
SUPPORTS BIODIVERSITY – ATTRACTS BIRDS, BEES, AND BUTTERFLIES.