Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge Primary Checkpoint

0844/01
ENGLISH
Paper 1
October 2016
1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Suggestions for how long to spend on each section are given in the booklet.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
This document consists of 12 printed pages.
IB16 10_0844_01/8RP
© UCLES 2016
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2
Section A: Reading
Spend 20 minutes on this section.
Read the text below about Lake Baikal, and then answer the questions.
Lake Baikal
Amazing facts!
Surrounded almost entirely by mountains, the gigantic Lake Baikal is the world’s
oldest lake. While most freshwater lakes are less than twenty thousand years old, it
is estimated that this lake was created more than twenty-five million years ago. The
lake runs for nearly 640 kilometres through south-eastern Siberia, just north of the
Mongolian border. Although it is not the largest lake on Earth, with a depth of more
than 1 600 metres, it is the deepest. It holds one fifth of the world’s total fresh water –
more than any other freshwater lake on the planet. It contains more water than all the
Great Lakes in North America put together!
Many forms of life
The lake’s deep, cold waters are surprisingly abundant with thousands of different
plant forms and animal species. This is because of the lake’s unusually high oxygen
levels. The oxygen allows a much wider variety of plants and animals to live in
depths that would otherwise be unsuitable for life.
Clear waters
The lake has exceptionally crystal clear water. You can see as deep as 40 metres
below its surface. This is probably due to the colossal population of crayfish that live
there. They eat the algae and other particles in the water which, if left, would reduce
the visibility.
Weird and wonderful
The lake’s remarkable qualities have made it home to a number of unusual and
unique creatures. These include nerpa, the world’s only freshwater seals. These
seals have two more litres of blood than other seals, allowing them to store more
oxygen. This means they can dive 300 metres below the surface and can stay under
water for an amazing 70 minutes!
1
According to the text, how old is the freshwater Lake Baikal thought to be?
[1]
2
What is special about Lake Baikal that allows so many plants and animals to
survive in such deep water?
[1]
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3
Tick () two boxes to show which are true statements about Lake Baikal.
It has the largest surface area of all the freshwater lakes in the world.
It is in a very mountainous area.
The lake contains no algae.
It holds more fresh water than any other lake in the world.
There are many different types of freshwater seal in the lake.
[2]
4
Rewrite the last paragraph to include the main points, using no more than
30 words.
[2]
5
Tick () the best description of the text Lake Baikal.
It contains only facts.
It contains mostly facts.
It contains about half facts and half opinions.
It contains only opinions.
[1]
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6
Compare these texts.
Text 1
Text 2
Here’s something you’ll find funny.
Scientists have absolutely no idea how,
or when for that matter, seals managed
to get themselves to a lake in the
middle of Russia – which is zillions of
miles from the nearest ocean. Weird,
hey?
The presence of seals in the deep
interior of Russia has puzzled
evolutionary biologists. They are
uncertain as to how, or at which time,
the animals came to be so far from the
open ocean.
The information in both texts is the same but the language used is different.
Tick () the text you prefer to read.
Text 1
Text 2
Explain why you chose that text.
[1]
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Read this text about a type of fish, and then answer the questions.
The golomyanka
The golomyanka is an unusual little fish, unique to Lake Baikal. It is 15–20
centimetres long and has a translucent body with no scales. Nearly 40% of its body
weight is oil, which means it can swim at the bottom of the lake in depths of 1 400
metres. The pressure at such a depth is capable of crushing steel, but these oily fish
are unaffected by it.
As so much of the body mass of the golomyanka is oil, it must remain in waters of
five degrees Celsius or lower. If the water is any warmer than this, the fish literally
melts, leaving behind a skeleton and a pool of oil. For this reason, the fish only
comes to the surface at night and remains in deep water during daylight.
The golomyanka is the only fish in the northern hemisphere to give birth to live
young. When the female is approximately two years old, she produces between
2 000 and 3 000 independent larvae and then dies.
Due to the large number of golomyanka, it is the main food source of nerpa seals.
Although there are thought to be about 150 000 tons of the fish in Lake Baikal,
golomyanka are solitary creatures which do not form groups or shoals. This makes
them difficult to catch, so they are not fished on any major scale, but local people use
their oil for medical remedies.
7
(a) What is special about the body of the golomyanka that allows it to swim in
deep water?
[1]
(b) Why is it difficult to catch the golomyanka in large numbers?
[1]
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8
Tick () two boxes to show which statements are FALSE.
People use the fish oil in some medicines.
The golomyanka is not hunted by any other animals in Lake Baikal.
The female golomyanka’s life cycle lasts about two years.
You cannot find the golomyanka anywhere else in the world apart from
Lake Baikal.
After giving birth, the golomyanka takes care of its young.
[2]
9
Suggest a reason why the golomyanka stays in deep water during sunlight.
[1]
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10 This question refers to both texts.
(a) What is the purpose of the sub-headings in the text Lake Baikal?
[1]
(b) In the text The golomyanka, paragraphs are used. Draw lines to link each
paragraph to its sub-heading.
1st paragraph
Giving birth
2nd paragraph
Swimming alone
3rd paragraph
Beating pressure
4th paragraph
Staying cool
[1]
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Section B: Writing
Spend 25 minutes on this section.
11 The reading texts Lake Baikal and The golomyanka are both reports taken from
information books.
Write your own report for an information book about a place of geographical or
historical interest.
It could be:
of geographical interest
 a mountain / mountain range
 a volcano
 a forest
 a river
of historical interest
 an important building
 a city
 a landmark
 a temple
 a bridge
PLANNING
Spend about five minutes making notes in this box:
Purpose and audience
[6]
Punctuation
[2]
Text structure
[5]
Spelling
[2]
Sentence structure
[5]
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Write your report here:
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Section C: Grammar, Punctuation and Vocabulary
Spend 15 minutes on this section.
12 Join the underlined word in each of these sentences to match the correct word
class.
The lake has a much wider variety of
plants than most other lakes.
verb
Native Siberians use the fish oil
medicinally.
adjective
In winter, Lake Baikal can remain
frozen for more than five months.
noun
The golomyanka is a type of
freshwater fish.
adverb
[2]
13 (a) Underline the main clause in this sentence.
As the golomyanka’s body is translucent, it sparkles in the sunlight.
[1]
(b) Rewrite this sentence:
The omul is a popular fish on all the local menus.
Include this clause:
which is caught in Lake Baikal
Remember to add punctuation. Do not add or change any words.
[2]
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14 (a) Change this sentence from the present to the past.
Local people catch golomyanka so that they can use the oil to fuel their
lanterns.
[1]
(b) Complete the sentences below by writing the passive form of the verb given in
brackets.
Golomyankas (find)
are found
in Lake Baikal.
Still today, nerpa seals (hunt)
for their fur and meat.
A railway line (build)
around the lake in the 1890s.
The oil from the golomyanka (use)
for hundreds of years.
by local people
[2]
15 Correct two mistakes in this sentence. Do not change the meaning.
The fish known as the golomyanka is unusual beautiful
because of the way it sparkle in the sunshine.
[1]
16 Choose the type from simple, compound or complex to describe these sentences.
Sentence
Type of sentence
As Lake Baikal is situated far inland, it
is a mystery how seals got there.
The nerpa seal is also known as the
Lake Baikal seal.
[1]
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17 Add two apostrophes to this sentence:
I n t h e f r o z e n l a n d s c a p e s o f S i b e r i a, t h e r e s o n e o f
t h e w o r l d s m o s t d i v e r s e a r e a s o f n a t u r a l b e a u t y.
[1]
18 Add the missing punctuation to these sentences:
“Did you see any nerpa seals when you visited
Lake Baikal I asked my
f r i e n d.
“No he replied they are apparently very shy
creatures”
[2]
19 Reread this sentence from the text Lake Baikal:
This is probably due to the colossal population of crayfish that live there.
Write other words or phrases that mean the same as the underlined words.
Your new words must keep the meaning and make sense in the sentence.
due to
[2]
colossal
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2016
0844/01/O/N/16
Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International Primary Achievement Test

0844/02
ENGLISH
Paper 2
October 2016
1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Insert
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Suggestions for how long to spend on each section are given in the booklet.
The total number of marks for this paper is 50.
This document consists of 8 printed pages and 1 Insert.
IB16 10_0844_02/6RP
© UCLES 2016
[Turn over
2
Section A: Reading
Spend 30 minutes on this section.
Read the passage from ‘The Iron Woman’ by Ted Hughes in the INSERT and then
answer the questions.
1
Read these statements about Lucy.
Tick () two boxes that we know are TRUE from the passage.
She had a bedroom in the attic.
She slept peacefully in her bed.
She thought she saw a seal.
She was lying awake in bed.
She went into the garden.
[2]
2
What made the girl in Lucy’s nightmare look so dreadful?
[1]
3
How did Lucy know that the ‘dreaded thing’ was not a seal?
[1]
4
Why was it ‘almost impossible’ to open Lucy’s bedroom door?
[1]
© UCLES 2016
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5
Was Lucy frightened when she woke up?
Tick () one box.
Yes
No
Give a reason from the passage to support your answer.
[1]
6
What was it that stopped Lucy whimpering?
[1]
7
Do you feel sorry for the girl in Lucy’s dream?
Tick () one box:
Yes
No
Explain your answer in your own words.
Explanation:
Words and phrases from the passage to support your explanation:
[2]
8
Why would Lucy have needed binoculars to see the lark?
[1]
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9
The writer builds suspense by telling you what Lucy hears, sees and feels. Which
do you think is the most important?
Tick () one box.
Hearing
Seeing
Feeling (being touched)
Explain your answer in your own words.
Explanation:
Words and phrases from the passage to support your explanation:
[2]
10 Who is the point of view character in this story?
Explain how you know.
[2]
11 The extract below describes part of the setting at the beginning of the story.
Look at the underlined words.
...the lark, far up there, catching the first rays of the sun, that peered at the
bird from behind the world.
(a) Tick () two boxes to show what techniques are being used here.
alliteration
imagery
metaphor
simile
personification
© UCLES 2016
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(b) Explain what ideas you think are being described by the underlined words.
[2]
12 (a) The text Lucy’s Nightmare is a short extract from the book The Iron Woman.
From the evidence in this extract, which genre do you think the story is?
Tick () the correct answer.
biography
adventure
horror
legend
traditional tale
[1]
(b) Name two general features of the genre you chose for 12(a).
1
2
© UCLES 2016
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Section B: Writing
Spend 30 minutes on this section.
13 You have read about Lucy’s dream.
Write a fantasy story where the main character has a dream.
Ideas to help you:
Character
You could be the main character or it could be an imaginary
person.
Who else or what else is in the story?
Plot
What is the main character doing when the story begins?
Does something exciting or interesting happen?
How are the other characters (if there are any) linked to the
events?
Setting
Dreams are often set in strange places.
What’s odd or interesting about the setting of your dream?
Remember to include as much detail as you can in your story. Try to make it exciting so
that people will want to read on to find out what happens.
PLANNING
Spend up to five minutes making notes in the box below to plan your story:
© UCLES 2016
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Write your story here:
© UCLES 2016
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Content
[5]
Punctuation
[4]
Purpose and audience
[4]
Vocabulary
[3]
Text structure
[5]
Spelling
[4]
Sentence structure
[5]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2016
0844/02/O/N/16
Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge Primary Checkpoint
0844/02
ENGLISH
October 2016
Paper 2 INSERT

This document consists of 2 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
IB16 10_0844_02/6RP
© UCLES 2016
[Turn over
2
Read this extract from ‘The Iron Woman’ by Ted Hughes.
Lucy’s Nightmare
In Lucy’s attic bedroom it was still pitch black. But if she had been awake, she would
have heard a strange sound – a skylark singing high in the darkness above the house.
And if she had been standing in the garden, and looking up into the dark sky through
binoculars, she might have seen the glowing, flickering body of the lark, far up there,
catching the first rays of the sun, that peered at the bird from behind the world.
The lark’s song showered down over the dark, dewy fields, over the roofs of the
houses, and over the still, wet gardens. But in Lucy’s bedroom it mingled with an even
stranger sound, a strange, gasping whimper.
Lucy was having a nightmare. In her nightmare, somebody was climbing the creaky
attic stairs towards her. Then, a hand tried the latch. It was a stiff latch. To open the
door, you had to pull the door towards you before you pressed the latch. If you didn’t
know the trick, it was almost impossible to open the door. The hand in Lucy’s
nightmare did not seem to know the trick. The latch on the door clicked and rattled but
stayed shut.
Then the latch gave a loud clack, and the door swung wide. On her pillow, Lucy
became silent. She seemed to have stopped breathing.
For long seconds the bedroom was very dark, and completely silent, except for the
faint singing of the skylark.
Then, in her dream, a hand was laid on Lucy’s shoulder. She twisted her head and
there, in her dream, saw a dreadful thing bending over her. At first, she thought it was a
seal, staring at her with black, shining eyes. But how could it be a seal? It looked like a
seal covered with black, shiny oil. A seal that had swum through an oil slick and
climbed into her attic bedroom and now held her shoulder with its flipper.
But then she saw, on her shoulder, not a flipper but a human hand. And the hand, too,
was slimed with black oil. Then Lucy suddenly knew this was not a seal but a girl, like
herself, maybe a little bit younger. And the hand began to shake her, and the girl’s face
began to cry: ‘Wake up! Oh, wake up! Oh, please wake up!’
She cried those words so loud it was almost a scream, and Lucy did wake up.
She sat up in bed, panting. What a horrible, peculiar dream. She pulled the bedclothes
around her, and stared into the darkness towards the door. Was it open? She knew the
door had been closed, as every night. But if the door was now open...
Now answer the questions in the answer booklet.
© UCLES 2016
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3
BLANK PAGE
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE
© UCLES 2016
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4
BLANK PAGE
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included,
the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2016
0844/02/O/N/16
Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge Primary Checkpoint
0844/01
ENGLISH
Paper 1
October 2016
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 50
This document consists of 17 printed pages and 1 blank page.
IB16 10_0844_01/3RP
© UCLES 2016
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Section A: Reading
Question number
1
According to the text, how old is the freshwater Lake Baikal thought to be?
Part
Mark Answer
1
Further Information
The lake was created more than twenty-five
million years ago / is over 25 million years
old.
Answers must be more than / over
twenty-five million years NOT just
twenty-five million years.
Where a quote is given it can
include ‘it is estimated that’ this lake
was created more than twenty five
million years ago.’ BUT no more
than this.
Accept numbers but ‘more than’ or
‘over’ is essential for the mark, i.e.:
‘over 25,000,000 years.’
‘Years’ is essential for the mark as
well.
Where numbers have been used,
there must be the correct amount of
zeros.
Total
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3
Question number
2
What is special about Lake Baikal that allows so many plants and animals to survive in such deep
water?
Part
Mark Answer
1
Further Information
(The lake has unusually) high levels of
oxygen.
Do not accept just ‘oxygen levels’ /
‘because of the oxygen’.
Do not accept long quotes.
Allow a quote: ‘This is because of
the lake’s unusually high oxygen
levels.’ but no more.
Accept answers that include the
stem of the question, e.g.: ‘so many
animals and plants survive’.
Do not accept answers that go
beyond the question, e.g.: ‘the
much wider variety of plants and
animals’.
Total
1
Question number
3
Tick () two boxes to show which are true statements about Lake Baikal.
Part
Mark Answer
2
Further Information
It is in a very mountainous area. 
It holds more fresh water than any other lake in
the world. 
Boxes 2 and 4 should be
ticked.
Award 1 mark for each correct
tick / unambiguous mark.
Award 0 marks if more than
two boxes are ticked /
unclearly marked.
Total
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Question number
4
Rewrite the last paragraph to include the main points, using no more than 30 words.
Part
Mark Answer
2
Further Information
The summary must contain 3 of the 4 pieces of
information:
• some unique or unusual species live in the
lake (not ‘rare’)
• one of these is the only freshwater seal in the
world
• these seals / nerpa have more blood than
other seals / they can store more oxygen
than other seals
• they (nerpa) can stay under water for 70
minutes/longer than other seals/a very long
time/dive to 300 metres/dive deeper than
other seals/dive to great(er) depths.
Award 2 marks for:
• A summary no more than 30
words + 3 or 4 of the required
information.
Award 1 mark for:
• A summary no more than 30
words + only 2 points of
information.
Award 0 marks for:
• A summary over 30 words.
OR
E.G.:
The lake has some unique creatures living in it. • A summary where there is 1
or 0 pieces of information.
These include the world’s only freshwater seals.
They have more blood than normal seals
OR
allowing them to stay underwater for longer.
(2 marks – 30 words – 4 points of info)
• Unintelligible, nonsensical
OR
responses.
The lake’s remarkable qualities have made it
home to a number of unusual and unique
NOTE: The summary must be in
creatures. These include nerpa. These seals
sentences that are
have two more litres of blood than other seals.
grammatically correct (allow one
(1 mark – 30 words – 2 points of info)
error).
OR
Nerpa live in Lake Baikal. They are the only
freshwater seal in the world. They have more
blood and live underwater.
(0 marks – 21 words – 1 point of info – the rest
is incomplete)
There may be punctuation /
spelling errors.
ALSO: award 1 mark where
candidates have included ALL
FOUR pieces of information in
bullet points within the word
limit.
Allow ‘freshwater’ as one word
even where the candidate has
split it into two. Count ‘300’ as
one word, but ‘three hundred’ as
two words.
Total
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Question number
5
Tick () the best description of the text Lake Baikal.
Part
Mark Answer
1
Total
© UCLES 2016
Further Information
It contains mostly facts. 
1
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Question number
6
Tick () the text you prefer to read. Explain why you chose that text.
Part
Mark
1
Answer
Further Information
If Text 1 is ticked:
If Text 2 is
ticked:
EITHER:
• a reference to the
language as ‘informal’ /
‘chatty’ / ‘personal’ /
‘friendly’ / ‘conversational
EITHER:
• a reference to
the language
as ‘formal’
OR:
• it is very factual
which explains
what happens
clearly
OR:
• the words are very
descriptive and fun to
read (not just ‘fun to
read’)
OR:
• Uses contractions /
rhetorical question so it is
like a spoken voice
OR:
• uses conversational type
fillers.
OR:
• the style is
typical of
factual / report
writing
OR:
• the language is
clear, precise
and to the point
OR:
• a reference to
language as
more adult /
less childish.
Total
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Do not award the mark if the
answer refers to the information
given – there is no distinction.
Answers must match the tick
given.
The answer must refer to the
style of the language.
Do not accept just ‘more
interesting’ or ‘more exciting’ or
‘easy to understand / read’ on
its own without further
explanation.
Do not accept: ‘It is just facts’ –
this refers to content not style.
Do not accept references to
punctuation on their own,
without reference to one of the
give descriptors.
NB: ‘reader friendly’ is not
equivalent to ‘informal’ whereas
‘friendly language’ is.
NB: Incorrect information can
negate a correct answer, e.g.: ‘it
is more formal and has more
information’ gains no marks.
7
Question number
7
(a) What is special about the body of the golomyanka that allows it to swim in deep water?
(b) Why is it difficult to catch the golomyanka in large numbers?
Part
(a)
Mark Answer
1
Further Information
Accept one of:
• (nearly) 40 % of their body weight is oil
• nearly half of their body weight is oil.
Do not accept imprecise or
incorrect answers:
e.g.:
• just ‘oily’
• its body weight is oil
• 40% of its body is oil
• ‘A lot’ of their body weight…’
Do not accept answers where
incorrect detail negates a
correct answer:
e.g.:
• any reference to pressure
• any reference to length of the
fish.
Do not credit long quotes even if
the correct info is given.
(b)
1
Accept one of the following:
• golomyankas swim individually and / or not in
shoals/groups
• they are solitary / swim on their own.
Do not accept a response that
only refers to the depth;
however, accept as neutral if
given alongside the correct
answer.
Allow the use of the whole
sentence beginning ‘Although
there are…’. Allow use of the
question’s stem.
Total
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8
Question Number
8
Tick () two boxes to show which statements are FALSE.
Part
Mark Answer
2
Further information
The golomyanka is not hunted by any other
animals in Lake Baikal. 
After giving birth, the golomyanka takes care of
its young. 
Boxes 2 and 5 must be ticked.
Award 1 mark for each correct
tick / unambiguous mark.
Award 0 marks for more than
two ticks or unclear marks.
Total
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9
Question Number
9
Suggest a reason why the golomyanka stays in deep water during sunlight.
Part
Mark Answer
1
Further information
Answers need to link these 2 ideas:
1.
The sunlight makes the water warm /more
than 5 degrees/ too hot at the surface.
2.
The golomyankas melt in the water / die in
such water.
Eg: ‘The water at the top is warm during
sunlight so the golomyanka melts if it ascends
too near the surface.
Do not accept imprecise /
insufficient answers,
e.g.:
• sunlight melts the fish – no
reference to temperature
• they melt if the temperature
is more than 5°C – no
reference to sunlight.
To award the mark, both ideas
need to be present.
Do not accept answers that
only use the quote ‘if the water
becomes any warmer than 5
degrees Celsius’ without
relating the increase in
temperature to the sun.
Total
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10
Question Number
10
(a) What is the purpose of the sub-headings in the text Lake Baikal?
(b) In the text The golomyanka, paragraphs are used. Draw lines to link each paragraph to its
sub heading.
Part
Mark
(a)
1
(b)
Total
© UCLES 2016
1
Answer
Further information
Organisation / presentation, e.g.: accept one
of:
Do not accept generalisations
on their own:
• so you know where to look for specific
information
• to divide / organise / separate information so
it is easier to see
• so you can quickly find information / find
information more easily
• to show what each / next section / paragraph
is about (NOT text)
• so you know what you’re going to read next.
e.g.:
• to organise the text
• so it is easier to see /
use/read.
1st paragraph
Beating pressure
Award 1 mark for all 4 lines
drawn correctly.
2nd paragraph
Staying cool
3rd paragraph
Giving birth
4th paragraph
Swimming alone
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Also, do not accept vague /
general answers:
e.g.:
so we know what it is about / so
you know what you’re going to
read / so we know what they
are talking about (these could
refer to the whole text not a
particular section).
Accept a clear unambiguous
indication of the correct
answers:
e.g.: numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4
written in boxes.
11
Section B: Writing
11 The reading texts Lake Baikal and The golomyanka are both reports taken from
information books. Write your own report for an information book about a place of
geographical or historical interest.
Purpose and Audience
Text Structure
Sentence Structure
Punctuation
Spelling
Writing is well-shaped and
wholly appropriate to purpose.
Clear viewpoint with a clear and
consistent relationship between
writer and reader established
and controlled.
6
The text type is used
consistently, e.g.: features of
report are clear and appropriate
to purpose.
Relevant ideas and content
chosen to interest the reader,
e.g.: details developed
appropriately.
Well–crafted paragraphs
contribute to control of the
text, e.g.: clear logical link
between paragraphs.
Some use of complex
sentences is controlled
including the position of
clauses to focus attention.
AND / OR
Range of connectives may be
developed, e.g.: 'although',
'meanwhile'.
Each section with content
logically organised.
5
The text type is largely
sustained, e.g.: features of
report writing clear.
The writer gives sufficient
information for a reader to
understand the contents, e.g.:
some engaging detail.
The order of the questions if
used is logical and supportive
to the reader.
5
Paragraphs are used to help
structure the text and there
may be evidence of
appropriate links / subheadings between
paragraphs.
5
Some complex sentences are
used to create effect, using
expanded phrases to develop
ideas, e.g.: noun, adverbial,
adjectival, and verb phrases.
A wider variety of connectives
is used appropriately, e.g.: if,
because, then.
2nd person must be limited and
used sparingly.
Sentences are mostly
grammatically correct.
4
Text type is used to convey
writer's attitude to the chosen
subject, e.g.: knowledge and
enthusiasm for subject matter.
4
4
Some complex sentences are
used to extend meaning but
not always successfully.
Balance of coverage of ideas
is appropriate, i.e. more than
one idea / aspect chosen
AND chosen ideas covered
fittingly with ‘appropriate
weighting’.
Use of past and present
tense is generally consistent.
3
Some attempt to sequence
ideas logically, e.g.: no
information is assumed in one
place before it has been
given in another.
3
Some variation in sentence
openings, e.g.: not always
starting with noun or pronoun
or other word.
Paragraphs used to
sequence ideas but not
consistently.
Text type is used to convey
material in relation to a named
place.
Some awareness of audience,
e.g.: language used is
appropriate.
3
General aspects of text type are
rd
evident, e.g.: 3 person.
Allow up to two 1st person
references; generalised 1st
person (our) is acceptable; 2nd
person is allowed.
Each section has an opening
statement.
Reader given basic information,
e.g. relevant statements – must
be about one of the given
topics.
2
Some elements of the text type
can be seen, e.g.: it is a report /
not a recount.
Correct spelling of common
words with more than one
syllable, including
compound words, e.g.:
anything, something,
yesterday.
There may be the occasional
capitalisation error.
2
Simple sentences are
generally grammatically
correct.
1
Sentence divisions marked
accurately almost always
throughout text.
Commas used in lists and
sometimes to mark clause
divisions.
Compound sentences are
used but connectives are
simple, e.g.: 'and', 'but', 'so',
with generally grammatically
correct clauses.
2
Evidence of grouping of
ideas.
If ‘off topic’ a maximum of 1 is
available.
1
Subject and verb generally
agree throughout.
'and' may be used to connect
clauses.
1
2
Demarcation of basic
sentence structures is usually
accurate, e.g.: full stops,
capital letters, question and
exclamation marks.
2
Spelling of high frequency
words is generally correct,
e.g.: because, there, their.
1
1
Award 0 where performance fails to meet the lowest description.
Stop marking at the first statement in a column that the student fails to achieve and award the
mark in the box below.
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12
Question Number
12
Join the underlined word in each of these sentences to match the correct word class.
Part
Mark Answer
2
Further information
The lake has a much wider
variety of plants than most other
lakes.
→
Native Siberians use the fish oil
medicinally.
→
In winter, Lake Baikal can remain
frozen for more than five months.
The golomyanka is a type of
freshwater fish.
Total
→
→
noun
Award 2 marks for all 4 lines
correctly drawn.
adverb
Award 1 mark for 2 or 3 lines
correctly drawn.
verb
Award 0 marks for less than 2
or more than 4 lines drawn.
adjective
Accept an unambiguous
indication of the correct
response.
2
Question Number
13
(a) Underline the main clause in this sentence.
(b) Rewrite this sentence. Include this clause.
Part
(a)
Mark Answer
1
Further information
As the golomyanka’s body is translucent, it sparkles
in the sunlight.
Award 1 mark for correct
underlining.
No other words should be
underlined.
(b)
2
The omul, which is caught in Lake Baikal, is a
popular fish on all the local menus.
Award 1 mark for a correctly
embedded clause.
Award a further mark for
correctly placed parenthetical
commas and the final fullstop.
There should be no additional
/ altered words. No brackets
or dashes.
Allow one spelling or copying
error, including using capitals.
Total
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Question Number
14
(a) Change this sentence from the present to the past.
(b) Complete the sentences below by writing the passive form of the verb given in brackets.
Part
Mark
(a)
1
Answer
Further information
Local people caught golomyanka so that they
could use the oil to fuel their lanterns.
Award 1 mark for both correct
verbs.
Verbs must be correctly spelt.
Allow one error in other words,
e.g.: incorrect spelling of
golomyanka or lanterns.
Do not accept answers where
any other words have been
changed, added or omitted;
e.g.: used to catch.
(b)
2
Still today, nerpa seals are hunted/are being
hunted for their fur and meat.
Answers must be correctly
spelt.
A railway line was built around the lake in the
1890s.
Award 2 marks for all 3 correct
verbs.
The oil from the golomyanka has been used by
local people for hundreds of years.
Award 1 mark for 2 correct
verbs.
Verb forms must be correct as
given here.
Total
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14
Question Number
15
Correct two mistakes in this sentence. Do not change the meaning.
Part
Mark
1
Answer
Further information
The fish known as the golomyanka is unusually
beautiful because of the way it sparkles in the
sunshine.
Award 1 mark for both
corrections.
Award 0 marks if any other
changes are made:
e.g.: words / punctuation added
or deleted.
Spelling must be correct.
Total
1
Question Number
16
Choose the type from simple, compound or complex to describe these sentences.
Part
Mark
1
Total
© UCLES 2016
Answer
Further information
As Lake Baikal is situated far
inland, it is a mystery how seals
got there.
Complex
The nerpa seal is also known as
the Lake Baikal seal.
Simple
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Award 1 mark for both
sentence types correctly
identified.
15
Question Number
17
Add two apostrophes to this sentence.
Part
Mark
1
Answer
Further information
In the frozen landscapes of Siberia, there ’ s one
of the world ’ s most diverse areas of natural
beauty.
Award 1 mark for both correctly
placed apostrophes.
Award 0 marks if extra
apostrophes or other marks are
placed.
Total
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Question Number
18
Add the missing punctuation to these sentences.
Part
Mark
2
Answer
Further information
“Did you see any nerpa seals when you visited
Lake Baikal ? ” I asked my friend.
Award 2 marks if 6 – 7 of the
missing punctuation marks are
in the correct place.
“No , ” he replied , “ they are apparently very
shy creatures . ”
Award 1 mark if 3 – 5 of them
are in the correct place.
Award 0 marks if there are 10
or more punctuation marks.
Accept “No.” he replied. “They
are apparently very shy
creatures.”
Accept an exclamation mark
after “no”.
However, if a full stop is used
then the “t” must be capitalised
as well to gain credit.
If the “t” is capitalised there
must be a full stop after
“replied.” even if there is a
comma after no,”
The question mark, comma and
full stop must be inside the
speech marks.
Total
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Question Number
19
Write other words or phrases that mean the same as the underlined words
Part
Mark
2
Answer
Further information
due to: thanks to / owing to / because of / as a
result of / down to / a consequence of / caused
by
Award 1 mark for each
appropriate word or phrase that
retains the sense of the
sentence.
colossal: huge / enormous / giant / gigantic /
humongous / vast / massive / monstrous / very
big / extremely large
Do not accept ‘big’ on its’ own.
It is insufficient.
Award 0 marks where an
incorrect suggestion negates
an acceptable one:
e.g.:
amazing, huge
OR
huge, big
Allow a list if all words are
correct.
Total
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BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2016
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Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge Primary Checkpoint
0844/02
ENGLISH
Paper 2
October 2016
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 50
This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.
IB16 10_0844_02/5RP
© UCLES 2016
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2
Section A: Reading
Question number
1
Read these statements about Lucy.
Tick () two boxes that we know are TRUE from the passage.
Part
Mark
1
1
Answer
Further Information
She had a bedroom in the attic.
Boxes 1 and 3 should be ticked.
She thought she saw a seal.
Award 1 mark for each correct
tick / unambiguous mark.
Award 0 marks if more than two
boxes are ticked or unclear
responses.
Total
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3
Question number
2
What made the girl in Lucy’s nightmare look so dreadful?
Part
Mark
1
Answer
Further Information
Award 1 mark for one of the following:
Any quotes must be specific and
from the 6th paragraph:
•
She was covered in (slimy
shiny) black oil.
•
•
She looked like a seal.
OR
•
She had black, shiny eyes.
•
(at first) she thought it
was a seal
it looked like a seal
covered with black, shiny
oil.
Do not accept quotes longer
than this.
Accept both quotes provided
‘But how could it be real?’ is
excluded.
Any mention of ‘hand’ is neutral:
e.g. ‘Hand was slimed with black
oil’.
Do not accept vague answers:
e.g.
Total
© UCLES 2016
•
she looked horrible
•
she was scary
•
it was black (insufficient)
•
it was oil (insufficient).
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Question number
3
How did Lucy know that the ‘dreaded thing’ was not a seal?
Part
Mark
1
Total
1
Question number
4
Answer
Further Information
Award 1 mark for one of the following:
•
(she saw) it was a human
hand
•
(she saw) it wasn’t a flipper
•
a human hand was on her
shoulder.
Why was it ‘almost impossible’ to open Lucy’s bedroom door?
Part
Mark
1
Answer
Further Information
Award 1 mark for one of the following:
Do not accept:
•
•
it was a stiff latch
you had to know a trick to
open it.
Also accept an answer which
describes the trick:
e.g. You had to pull the door towards
you before you pressed the latch.
Total
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‘If you didn’t know the trick, it
was almost impossible to open
the door’ – repeats the stem of
the question.
5
Question number
5
Was Lucy frightened when she woke up?
Tick () one box.
Part
Mark
1
Answer
Further Information
Accept ‘Yes’ as an answer with the
following evidence:
There is no mark for the first
part of the question.
•
She sat up in bed, panting.
Allow:
•
•
•
•
Lucy had had a nightmare /
horrible dream
she was woken by a
scream/loud noise
she pulled the bedclothes
around her
(she saw) the door was open.
Do not accept answers where
‘No’ has been ticked.
NB. ‘evidence’ does not have to
be a direct quote.
Answers must be taken from the
text.
Do not accept imprecise
responses:
e.g. ‘the girl cried words so loud
it was almost a scream’ moves
away from the focus of the
question.
Total
1
Question number
6
What was it that stopped Lucy whimpering?
Part
Mark
1
Answer
Further Information
Award 1 mark for one or more of the Where a quote is given it should
be no more than ‘Then the latch
following:
gave a loud clack, and the door
• she heard the sound of the
swung open.’
door/latch opening
Do not accept imprecise
and/or
answers: e.g. she was scared.
• the door (suddenly) swung
open
The focus of the question is
• the door opened unexpectedly. what happened to make Lucy
stop whimpering. However, if
this is given alongside a correct
response, regard it as neutral.
Total
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6
Question number
7
Do you feel sorry for the girl in Lucy’s dream?
Tick () one box.
Explain your answer using words and phrases from the passage to support your explanation.
Part
Mark
2
Answer
Further Information
Explanation
Quotation
1 mark
1 mark
Yes: She was
upset / sad.
(the girl’s face)
began to cry.
Yes: She was
dirty.
(the hand)(her
hand) was slimed
with black oil.
Yes: It sounded
as though she
was in trouble.
(Wake up! Oh,
wake up!) ‘Oh,
please wake up!’
Wake up! On its
own is not
enough.
Yes: She was
desperate for
Lucy to wake up
because she
wanted help / she
was asking for
help
(Wake up! Oh,
wake up!) ‘Oh,
please wake up!’
Yes: She
sounded
frightened or
desperate.
(Wake up! Oh,
wake up!) ‘Oh,
please wake up!’
Wake up! On its
own is not
enough.
Wake up! On its
own is not
enough.
AND/OR
She cried (those
words) so loud it
was almost a
scream.
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There is no mark for the first
part of the question but answers
must agree with the choice ‘yes’
or ‘no’.
Award one mark for each part of
the answer.
Accept other suitable reasons
and supporting quotes but it is
important that explanations and
quotations match each other.
ONLY Award one mark for a
suitable explanation mostly in
the candidate’s own words.
i.e.Award 0 marks for an
example such as:
Exp: I feel sorry for her because
she began to cry (not enough
original words)
Quote: the girl’s face began to
cry
If the explanation is acceptable,
award a further mark for a
matching quote which must be
accurate.
A quote on its own is not
creditworthy.
However, an explanation on its
own can gain credit.
Continued overleaf
7
No: She shouldn’t The hand began
have tried to
to shake her /
wake Lucy.
‘Wake up! Oh,
wake up!’
Total
2
Question number
8
No: Because she
wasn’t real.
What a horrible
dream.
No: Because she
is scary
A dreadful thing
bending over her
Important note:
If, when giving a quote, some
‘own words’ are used, the
selected words for the quotation
must be within quotation marks
or underlined, i.e. highlighted
clearly.
Allow one copying error in
quotes.
Why would Lucy have needed binoculars to see the lark?
Part
Mark
1
Total
© UCLES 2016
Answer
Further Information
Because the lark was (flying) high /
high up / far up / far away / too high /
so high in the sky.
Do not accept:
• because it was dark./
high in the darkness
• because it was up in the
sky
A long quote, eg.’ Glowing
flickering body of the lark, far up
there, catching the first rays of
the sun…’ has irrelevant detail
that negates.
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8
Question number
9
The writer builds suspense by telling you what Lucy hears, sees and feels. Which do you think is
the most important?
Tick () one box.
Explain your answer in your own words.
Part
Mark
Answer
2
Sense
Explanation
1 mark
Quotation
1 mark
Hearing
The sounds
Lucy hears
in her
dreams are
scary.
'Creaky
stairs', or
any noise
quote
The sound
Lucy hears
gets
louder.(not
just ‘more’)
Almost a
scream
She sees
something
scary.
Dreadful
thing
bending
over her
Hearing
Sight
Further Information
OR
not a
flipper but
a human
hand
OR
black
shining
eyes
There is no mark for the first
part of the question but answers
must agree with the choice ‘yes’
or ‘no’.
Award one mark for each part of
the answer.
Accept other suitable reasons
but it is important that
explanations and quotations
match each other.
ONLY Award one mark for a
suitable explanation mostly in
the candidate’s own words.
i.e.Award 0 marks for an
example such as:
Exp: Lucy felt a hand on her
shoulder (not enough original
words)
Quote: a hand was laid on
Lucy’s shoulder
If the explanation is acceptable,
award a further mark for a
matching quote which must be
accurate.
A quote on its own is not
creditworthy.
However, an explanation on its
own can gain credit.
Continued overleaf
© UCLES 2016
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9
Feeling
Total
© UCLES 2016
Something
scary is
touching
Lucy when
she is
asleep.
Hand on
her
shoulder
OR
shook her
OR
the hand
began to
shake her
Important note:
If, when giving a quote, some
‘own words’ are used, the
selected words for the quotation
must be within quotation marks
or underlined, i.e. highlighted
clearly.
Allow one copying error in
quotes.
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10
Question number
10
Who is the point of view character in this story?
Explain how you know.
Part
Mark
2
Answer
Further Information
Award 1 mark for:
Accept other appropriate
reasons.
Lucy
Award a further mark for one of:
• we can see what is happening in
her dream / tells about her dream
(what she sees/feels)
• we can see what she sees in her
dream
• we know what she is thinking and
/or feeling.
Total
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Do not accept:
• because it is about her
• she is the main character /
most mentioned
• Lucy is the only character
• mostly talks about her
• tells about her movements.
11
Question number
11
(a) Tick () two boxes to show what techniques are being used here.
(b) Explain what ideas you think are being described by the underlined words.
Part
Mark
(a)
1
Answer
Further Information
imagery
personification
Award 1 mark for both boxes
ticked.
Award 0 marks if any other
boxes are ticked or more than 2
boxes are ticked.
(b)
2
There are two main ideas:
Marks can be awarded
separately for each of the two
• ‘catching the first rays of the sun’ ideas.
means that it is (nearly) dawn
• ‘peered from behind the world’ Award 2 marks for answers that
recognises that during the night combine these ideas.
the sun has been shining on the
Do not accept vague answers or
other side of the world.
answers which are taken directly
Award 2 marks to answers which from the text without
give an explanation including both explanation:
e.g.
ideas.
e.g. It is nearly time for the sun to rise • it is morning
and it looks as though it has been • the sun is shining.
hiding behind the world as it begins to • the lark catches the first rays
come up.
of the sun
OR
It is nearly the end of the night and at Do not award 2 marks for
night time the sun shines on the other answers that are insufficient:
side of the world so it now begins to e.g. The first sunshine of the
appear.
morning is shining on the bird
OR
from behind the world. – this = 1
The birds are up high and catch the
mark for the 1st point.
first rays of the sun as it comes
around from the other side of the
world.
Award 1 mark for answers which only
include one idea.
e.g. It is time for sunrise.
OR
The lark was flying towards the
rising sun.
OR
Early morning light shining on the lark.
OR
The sun has been shining on the
other side of the world.
Total
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12
Question number
12
(a) From the evidence in this extract, which genre do you think the story is?
Tick () the correct answer.
(b) Name two general features of the genre you chose for 12 (a).
Part
Mark
Answer
(a)
1
horror
(b)
2
Features of horror stories include:
• a familiar setting often becomes
unfamiliar/scary
• characters could be frightening
• an element of shock (not just
surprise)
• the story often scares its readers
• the plot may involve nasty
characters and/or monsters etc
which need to be overcome
• it could be terrifying
• there may be gory details, e.g.
blood
• there could be scary sounds /
voices
• nightmares
• ghosts (as a generic feature).
Total
© UCLES 2016
Further Information
3
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Award 1 mark for each correct
answer.
Answers which are correct in
addition to those suggested can
be awarded the mark.
If candidates give the wrong
answer for 12 (a), award 1 mark
for two appropriate features of
the genre they identified.
13
Section B: Writing
13 You have read about Lucy’s dream.
Write a fantasy story where the main character has a dream.
Ideas to help you:
Character
You could be the main character or it could be an imaginary person.
Who else or what else is in the story?
Plot
What is the main character doing when the story begins?
Does something exciting or interesting happen?
How are the other characters (if there are any) linked to the events?
Setting
Dreams are often set in strange places.
What’s odd or interesting about the setting of your dream?
Notes to markers:
•
•
•
Marking should always begin from the lowest mark in each column, i.e. From 1 mark and
work upwards. Award 0 if 1 mark is not achieved.
All the statements should be achieved for a student to achieve the mark (i.e. if there are two
statements to describe a mark, both statements must be achieved before the mark can be
given).
Stop marking at the first statement in a column that the student fails to achieve and award
the mark in the box below.
NB: MARK SCHEME FOR WRITING IS SPREAD ACROSS 2 PAGES.
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0844/01/O/N/16
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14
Content
Wc
Audience
Wa
Imaginative detail is
developed using a
variety of techniques
including imagery.
During the course of
the story, the
development of the
character(s) is shown
through actions and
reactions.
Text Structure
Wt
Sentence Structure
Un
Paragraphs are
used to structure the
narrative, e.g. they
successfully signal the
build up and resolution
of the main event.
Some complex
sentences show
control, including the
position of clauses to
focus attention.
Characters are well
described with actions
linked to key events.
Suspense, or
excitement, where
used, is well built.
5
A clear, consistent
relationship between
writer and reader is
established and
controlled, e.g.
manipulation of
language for effect.
Paragraphs are
used to help structure
the narrative. e.g.
signaling change of
time, place and / or
focus on a different
character.
© UCLES 2016
4
Spelling
Us
5
Some complex
sentences used to
create effect using
expanded phrases and
clauses to develop
ideas; e.g. noun,
adverbial, adjectival
and verb phrases.
There may be
appropriate links
between paragraphs,
e.g. good use of time
connectives.
4
Vocabulary
Uv
Range of connectives
may be developed,
e.g. 'although'
meanwhile'.
Dialogue (if used) is
laid out correctly, with
new line for each
speaker.
5
Punctuation
Up
A wider variety of
connectives is used
appropriately, e.g. 'if',
'when', 'because'.
4
4
0844/01/O/N/16
All end of sentence
punctuation is used
accurately, including
speech punctuation.
N.B. Layout is marked
in TS.
Clauses are nearly
always marked
accurately by commas.
There may be some
errors where certain
more complex devices
are used, e.g.
colons,
semi-colons,
ellipses.
4
Spelling is mostly
accurate, including
words with complex,
regular patterns.
Allow plausible
attempts at tricky
polysyllables. e.g.
realised, interesting,
wonderful, position,
immediately.
4
15
Content
Audience
Text Structure
Sentence Structure
Punctuation
Story shows a good
balance of content, e.g.
action, speech (not
essential) and
description.
The reader is engaged
by the inclusion of
appropriate detail with
some control i.e. about
a dream/fantasy.
Paragraphs sometimes
used to sequence ideas
– but not consistently.
Some complex
sentences are used to
extend meaning but not
always successfully.
Sentences nearly
always demarcated
accurately including
capitalisation.
Narrative viewpoint is
established comfortably
within the given genre –
fantasy.
Narrative viewpoint
must be clear and
consistent, e.g. narrator
as on looker (first or
third person).
Use of past and present
tense is generally
consistent.
Commas are always
used in lists and
sometimes to mark
clauses.
3
Ideas need to be mostly
coherent.
Ideas are organized
simply with a fitting
opening and closing
(i.e. it has to be about a
dream/fantasy )
3
Subject and verb
generally agree.
3
The story is well placed
in its setting; i.e. a
dream / fantasy setting
is described.
Some attempt to
engage the reader
through establishment
of mood and feeling.
Some attempt to
sequence ideas
logically; e.g. content
clear.
At least one dream /
fantasy event is
described.
The writer gives
sufficient information for
a reader to understand
the contents / events
described.
Openings and closings
sometimes evident.
3
3
Some variation in
sentence openings, e.g.
not always starting with
the same noun,
pronoun or other word.
All sentences mostly
demarcated accurately
with full stops, question
and exclamation marks,
i.e. at least half of
possible opportunities.
2
2
2
2
The story has a simple
plot. involving a dream.
The reader is given
basic information that is
relevant to the narrative.
Story ideas are evident.
Simple sentences are
generally grammatically
correct.
1
1
1
'and' may be used to
connect clauses.
1
0844/01/O/N/16
Writing is
characterised by the
use of adventurous and
precise vocabulary
including the use of
appropriate figurative
language..
Correct spelling of
polysyllabic words that
conform to regular
pattern.
e.g. making, probably,
clapped, possible,
possibly.
3
Some evidence of
specific / expressive
vocabulary choices
used accurately, e.g.
powerful verbs.
3
Correct spelling of
common words with
more than one syllable,
including compound
words, e.g. something,
anything, yesterday.
Speech marks, if used,
may not be accurate.
There may be the
occasional capitalisation
error.
2
Straightforward (basic)
sentences are
demarcated accurately;
e.g. full stops, capital
letters, question and
exclamation marks.
1
Award 0 where performance fails to meet the lowest description.
Stop marking at the first statement in a column that the student fails to achieve and award the mark in the box below.
© UCLES 2016
Spelling
Vocabulary is used
effectively to create
strong image, e.g. use
of simile or metaphor.
Speech marks, if used,
are accurately placed
around words spoken,
although other speech
punctuation may be
accurate.
Compound sentences
are used but
connectives are simple,
e.g. 'and' 'but', 'so' with
general grammatically
correct clauses.
Vocabulary
2
Simple and generally
appropriate vocabulary
used – limited in range
but relevant, i.e. must
relate to stimulus.
2
Correct spelling of high
frequency words, e.g.
because, there, their.
1
1
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© UCLES 2016
0844/01/O/N/16