TKR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to JNTUH. Accredited By NBA, NAAC with 'A + ' Grade), HYDERABAD-97
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
A Major Project (Stage-1) Seminar
on
Single BJT Bandgap Reference With Low Power
& High PSRR
Under the guidance of
Dr.A.THEJA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
Coordinators:
Dr.P.Gayathri
Dr.B.Swapna Rani
M.Satyanarayana
Presented by
K.Anjanikumar (21K91A04C9)
K.Akhil (21K91A04C7)
K.Snehith (21K91A04C2)
J.Shiva krishna (21K91A04A0)
INTRODUCTION:▪A bandgap reference voltage is a
critical component in analog and
mixed-signal systems.
▪It provides a stable and precise
voltage reference that remains
constant despite variations in
temperature, power supply, and
other environmental factors.
Fig1: Basic BGR block diagram
MOTIVATION:• Ensuring the voltage reference remains stable across a wide range of temperatures v
ital for maintaining performance in varying environmental conditions.
• As
devices
become
more
compact
and
battery
powered,
minimizing power consumption is crucial for extending battery lie and reducing
energy costs.
• Such designs are essential for applications like medical devices, communication syst
ems, and precision instrumentation, where accuracy and reliability are nonnegotiable
OBJECTIVE:❑To achieve PSRR by increasing loopgain as well as to reduce the noise (ripples)
in output.
❑To achieve both a good stability and low power consumption, the mirror pole
location is optimized.
LITERATURE SURVEY:S.No
1
TITLE
(Journal Name)
A 192-pw voltage
reference
generating
bandgap-vth with
process and
temperature
Dependence
compensation
AUTHOR
Y. Ji, J. Lee, B. Kim, H. J.
Park, and J. Y. Sim
PUBLISHED
YEAR
2019
KEY FINDINGS
The whole circuit is
formed in a single
branch that is operated
using only leakage
current.
Limitation:
Though low (192 pW, it
may still be higher com
pared to simpler design
s, especially
For
ultra-low
power applications.
S.No
2
TITLE
(Journal Name)
AUTHOR
A 0.8-V Supply, 1.58%
3σ-Accuracy, 1.9-μW
Bandgap Reference in
0.13-μm CMOS
Yirui Cao, Haoyu
Zhuang, Qiang Li
PUBLISHED KEY
YEAR
FINDINGS
2024
The need for a large area
and high power consum
ption to
reduce the
amplifier's offset.
Limitation:
It suffers from bad
temperature coefficient
and low accuracy due to
the inaccurate subthreshold transistor
models and large
mismatches between
MOSFETs.
S.NO
TITLE
AUTHOR
(Journal Name)
3
An 8-nW Resistor-Less
Bandgap Reference Based on a
Single-Branch Floating PTAT
Voltage
3/25/2025
Shimeng Wang,
Philip Kwok Tai Mok
PUBLISHED
YEAR
2020
KEY FINDINGS
Utilizes a singlebranch floating PTAT voltage
combined with a CTAT voltage
from the V_BE of a
bipolar transistor.
Limitation:
The cascode high impedance
current bias technique, while
effective, may add to the design
complexity and require careful
optimization during
manufacturing.
7
EXISTING ARCHITECHTURE:-
Fig. 2. BGR Block diagram
SOFTWARE TOOLS:
➢ Cadence
• Design and verification
• Simulation and analysis
➢ VMware Workstation
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Title bar
Menu bar
Tools bar
Navigator
Design area
properties
Status bar
Fig. 3. Cadence virtuoso software tool
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PROPOSED ARCHITECHTURE:
Fig. 4. Basic concept of the proposed single BJT branch BGR.
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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF BGR:
BGR USING Op-AMP:-
OBTAINED OUTPUT :-
BGR USING CURRENT MIRROR:-
OBTAINED OUTPUT:-
APPLICATIONS OF BGR:• Voltage Regulators: Used in linear and switching regulators to ensure stable output voltage under varying
conditions.
• Power Management ICs (PMICs): Used in integrated circuits to ensure consistent performance in devices
like smartphones and laptops.
• Temperature Sensors: Utilized for calibration as they provide a stable reference unaffected by temperature
changes.
• Clock Generation Circuits: Ensures precise timing by providing a stable voltage source for oscillators.
• Precision Measurement Systems: Supports high-accuracy systems like test and measurement equipment by
serving as a voltage standard.
• Memory Circuits: Used in flash memories and DRAM for stable operation during data read/write processes.
• Communication Systems: Ensures consistent performance in RF circuits and transceivers.
ADVANTAGES OF BGR:• Temperature Stability: BGRs maintain a consistent output voltage across a wide temperature range, making
them ideal for environments with fluctuating temperatures.
• Low Power Consumption: Modern BGR designs are highly efficient, consuming minimal power, which is
crucial for portable and battery-operated devices.
DISADVANTAGES OF BGR:• Limited Voltage Range: The typical output voltage of a BGR is around 1.2V, which may not be suitable
for applications requiring higher or lower reference voltages without additional circuitry.
CONCLUSION:-
❑ In this study, we designed and analyzed BGR, comparing their performance in terms of Low
power consumption and good stability.
❑ A single BJT branch BGR that uses a PTAT-embedded amplifier with frequency compensation
that exploits mirror pole for optimum stability and power consumption is proposed.
❑ The proposed BGR consumes less power and occupies less area compared to conventional BGR
due to its structural advantages.
FUTURE SCOPE OF BGR:• Low-Voltage Applications: As devices continue to shrink and operate at lower supply voltages,
BGR designs will adapt to provide stable references in ultra-low voltage environments.
• Ultra-Low Power Designs: With the rise of IoT and wearable devices, BGRs will focus on
minimizing power consumption while maintaining accuracy.
• Integration with Advanced Technologies: BGRs will be integrated into emerging technologies
like 5G communication systems, and AI-driven hardware.
• Sustainability: Research will explore eco-friendly materials and manufacturing processes for
BGRs to align with global sustainability goals.
REFERENCES:[1]
Y. Ji, J. Lee, B. Kim, H. J. Park, and J. Y. Sim, “A 192-pw voltage reference generating bandgap-vth with
process and temperature dependence compensation,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 3281–3291,
Oct. 2019.
[2]
Y. Cao, H. Zhuang and Q. Li, "A 0.8-V Supply, 1.58% 3σ-Accuracy, 1.9-μW Bandgap Reference in 0.13μm CMOS," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1884-1888, April
2024
[3]
S. Wang and P. K. T. Mok, "An 8-nW Resistor-Less Bandgap Reference Based on a Single-Branch Floating
PTAT Voltage," in IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters, vol. 3, pp. 74-77, 2020
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THANK YOU...
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