Who built the Pyramids?
The pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians, primarily during the Old Kingdom
(c. 2686–2181 BCE). The most famous pyramids, including the Great Pyramid of Giza,
were constructed as tombs for pharaohs.
Who Built Them?

Skilled workers and laborers: Recent discoveries show that pyramids were not
built by slaves, as once thought, but by paid Egyptian workers who lived in
nearby workers' villages.

Architects and engineers: The construction was overseen by highly skilled
architects and officials, such as Imhotep, who designed the Step Pyramid of
Djoser.

Farmers during the Nile’s flooding season: Many workers were seasonal
laborers, especially farmers who couldn't work their fields when the Nile River
flooded.
How Were They Built?

Limestone blocks (for the outer casing) and granite (for inner chambers) were
quarried, transported, and lifted using ramps, sleds, and manpower.

Copper tools were used to cut and shape the stones.

Ramps and levers helped raise the massive blocks into place.