1
CHAPTER 3
Research Design
The study will used descriptive - correctional research design to explore the
relationship between parental involvement and student engagement among STEM
students at Candelaria Institute of Technology of Cabadbaran Inc. The descriptive
aspect will focus on measuring and detailing the levels of both parental involvement
and student engagement, while the correctional aspect will examine whether there
is a significant relationship between these two variables. This design is suitable as
it allows the researchers to observe and analyze how parental involvement
influences student engagement without manipulating the variables. The results will
be used as a basis for developing an intervention program to enhance student
engagement.
Research Locale
The research will be conducted at Candelaria Institute of Technology of
Cabadbaran, Inc., located on Asses Street, Barangay 1, Cabadbaran City, Agusan
del Norte. The school offers complete basic education programs and college
courses, including STEM, HUMSS, TVL, and ABM strands, as well as elementary,
high school, and college courses. This private institution serves a student population
of 1,117, ranging from preschool to senior high school, with a teaching staff of 45,
giving it an ideal location for studying how parental involvement promotes student
engagement, particularly among STEM students. The findings from this study will
2
be used as the basis for developing an intervention program aimed at enhancing
parental support and student outcomes in STEM education.
Research Respondents
The study focuses on Grade 11 and Grade 12 STEM students at CITCI for
the 2023-2024 school year. The total population includes 83 Grade 11 students and
82 Grade 12 students, resulting in a combined total of 165 students. To determine
an appropriate sample size, the researchers will use the Slovin formula, applying a
confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. This calculation yields a
sample size of 116 STEM students, who will be the respondents of the study and
will be selected through simple random sampling techniques to ensure unbiased
representation.
Research Instrument
The study will used a modified survey questionnaire from existing studies.
The instrument will be divided into components that evaluate both parental
involvement and student engagement. Parental involvement will be assessed using
measures that examine many characteristics such as school meetings, school
activities and parental communication. Thus, in the student engagement it will
measure the indicators of cognitive engagement, behavioral engagement and
emotional engagement. Respondents will be asked to score statements on a Likert
scale, from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree," to determine the amount of
parental participation and its impact on academic motivation and STEM
engagement.
3
Table 1 shows the scaling and interpretation of parental involvement and
students engagement among STEM students. The scaling and interpretation was
anchored and modified on the study of Nyutu et.al (2020).
Table 1. Scaling and Interpretation of Parental Involvement
Range
4.21-5.00
3.21-4.20
2.61-3.20
1.81-2.60
1.00-1.80
Scale
5
4
3
2
1
Description
Strong Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Interpretation
Very High Involvement
High Involvement
Moderate Involvement
Low Involvement
No Involvement
Table 2. Scaling and Interpretation of Student Engagement
Range
4.21-5.00
3.21-4.20
2.61-3.20
1.81-2.60
1.00-1.80
Scale
5
4
3
2
1
Description
Strong Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Interpretation
Very High Engagement
High Engagement
Moderate Engagement
Low Engagement
No Engagement
Sampling Procedure
The study will use a simple random sampling technique to ensure that every
STEM student in the population being studied is given an equal chance of being
chosen. The sampling frame will include a list of all STEM students enrolled at the
particular school or educational institution. Each student will be assigned a unique
identification number, and respondents will be selected at random using a computerbased random number generator. This method assures fair selection by removing
the influence of external factors on the sampling process. The random sampling
technique is appropriate for this study because it increases the generalizability of
4
the findings and assures a representative sample of the total STEM student
population, resulting in trustworthy data on the influence of parental involvement
in student engagement.
Research Ethics
Ethical concerns will be carefully considered during the research procedure.
All respondents will provide informed permission, ensuring that they understand
the study's objective, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. For minors, parental
consent will also be obtained. Participation will be voluntary, and students will be
informed of their freedom to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
To safeguard participants' privacy, all identifiable information will be anonymised.
Data collected will be used only for research purposes and stored securely to prevent
unwanted access. The study will follow ethical principles to safeguard all
participants' well-being and dignity, while also encouraging scientific integrity and
transparency.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers will first seek permission from the school director to
conduct the study. Upon receiving approval, the approved letter will be presented
to the school principal for authorization to proceed. With the principal’s consent,
the researchers will collaborate with the Senior High School Program Head for
guidance in conducting the study. An orientation session will be held with the
selected respondents to provide a brief overview of the research, its objectives, and
their role in the process. The researchers will then select respondents randomly from
the list provided by the school registrar using a computer-based random number
5
generator. Strict confidentiality will be maintained throughout the data collection
process, and the data will be securely stored and analyzed using appropriate
statistical tools to ensure the integrity of the research findings.
Statistical Technique
The following are the appropriate statistical tools to be used in the study.
Mean. It will be used to calculate the average level of parental
involvement and student engagement. This will provide a broad picture of the
central tendency of respondents' impressions of these factors.
Pearson’s Correlation.
It will be used to determine the significant
relationship between parental involvement and student engagement. This statistical
technique will aid in determining whether higher levels of parental participation
correlate with increased student engagement in STEM topics.