NAME
: CHELSEA COOPER
CLASS
: 4SC
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
TOPIC
: SMOKING VS VAPING
SCHOOL : BARRACKPORE WEST SECONDARY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC
PAGE NO.
WHAT IS SMOKING?....................................................................................................... 1
WHAT IS VAPING?........................................................................................................... 2
VAPING VS. SMOKING………………………………………………………………… 3
LONG TERMS EFFECTS OF SMOKING…………………………………….……....… 4

CONDITION: CHRONIC BRONCHITIS…………………………….……….…. 5
 CONDITION: EMPHYSEMA………………………………………………….… 6
 CONDITION: LUNG CANCER…………………………………….…….……… 7
 CONDITION: ASTHMA……………………………………………..……….…... 8
LONG TERMS EFFECTS OF VAPING……………………………………..……….…... 9
 CONDITION: EVALI………………………………………………………….…. 10
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………..... 11
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………..… 12
WHAT IS SMOKING?
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Smoking involves the act of inhaling and expelling smoke from burning substances made
from plants. Smoking various kinds of plant materials, especially marijuana and hashish,
is most usually linked with tobacco in the form of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe.
WHAT DOES IT CONTAIN?

Tobacco products contain various additives to extend their useful life, change their
combustion characteristics, regulate their moisture content, prevent the hatching of eggs
by insects found in the plant matter, conceal the irritative adverse reactions caused by the
chemical nicotine, and offer a variety of flavors and scents. The smoke created when
tobacco and various burnt additions contain almost 4,000 chemical elements. Many of
these substances are extremely poisonous and have a wide variety of impacts on
wellbeing. Tobacco smoke's basic ingredients include nicotine, tar (particulate residue
after burning), and gasses that include carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
EFFECTS ON THE BODY
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The most significant health consequence of nicotine is that it is addictive. Carbon
monoxide has serious and severe health consequences. It quickly flows from the lungs
into the circulation, where it attaches to hemoglobin, a type of protein found in the red
blood cells that are responsible for oxygen transport throughout the body. Carbon
monoxide replaces oxygen from the hemoglobin particle and is then slowly eliminated.
As a result, smokers regularly collect significant amounts of carbon monoxide, depriving
their bodies of vital oxygen and putting immense strain on the whole cardiovascular
system.

The negative implications of smoking are not confined to smokers. Tobacco smoke
contains toxic substances that exist not only in the smoke that is inhaled by the smoker as
well as in environmental tobacco smoke, often known as second-hand smoke—that is, the
smoke exhaled by the individual who smokes (mainstream smoke) and the smoke that
travels straight from the burning tobacco. Nonsmokers who are continuously surrounded
by ambient tobacco smoke are more inclined to suffer several of the same medical
conditions as smokers, such as lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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WHAT IS VAPING?
Vaping is the process of inhaling a mist of nicotine and flavoring (e-juice) through a tiny,
portable device such as electronic cigarettes, or vaping devices. Vaping is similar to smoking a
cigarette, except that it warms small particles from a liquid instead of burning tobacco.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Vaping applies by vaporizing liquid through a tiny device, allowing consumers the ability to
inhale it. The e-cigarette, vape pen, or any vaping device warms the liquid within to produce an
aerosol. This is not considered water vapor at all. E-cigarette vapor comprises the chemical
nicotine, flavorings, and other compounds floating in the atmosphere. You inhale these
microscopic particles through your mouth through the mouthpiece, which allows them to go
through your throat until they reach your lungs.
WHAT IS A VAPE?
An electronic smoking device (e-cigarette) is a gadget that warms liquid nicotine or a flavoring
then allows you to inhale it in. Electronic cigarettes are referred to by a variety of nicknames,
such as vapes, sticks, vape pens, e-hookahs, hookah sticks, and individual vaporizers. They're
also known as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).
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VAPING VS. SMOKING

The major difference between smoking traditional cigarettes and vaping is smoke versus
vapor.
 Smoking delivers nicotine to your lungs by burning tobacco—the smoke is then inhaled.
 Vaping uses a battery-operated heater to warm an e-liquid or “e-juice,” creating a vapor
that is consumed.

Since both methods deliver nicotine to your lungs, they can lead to nicotine addiction and
cause serious health issues.

E-liquids contain several ingredients, such as ultrafine particles, that can be harmful to
your health.
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LONG TERMS EFFECTS OF SMOKING
Smoking has many long-term adverse effects on the body. Some are:
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Reduction in sperm count
Increase in the risk of pregnancy loss and congenital disabilities
Increase in the risk of cataracts
Decrease in immune system function
Increase in general inflammation
Cause risks of cancer in nearly any part of the body eg. the lungs, kidneys, and stomach
Trigger asthma attacks
Cause blockages in the veins and arteries
Increase the risk of a stroke
Smoking affects nearly every organ and system in your body by causing inflammation and
weakening your immune system.
Your lungs are particularly vulnerable to these effects. This is because the harmful chemicals in
tobacco smoke, such as tar and carbon monoxide, come into direct contact with the tissues and
cells of your lungs.
This can result in several lung conditions, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung
cancer.
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CONDITION: CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
Chronic bronchitis is a kind of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) marked by
ongoing inflammation of your lungs' airways, known as bronchi.
The inflammation produces an increase in mucus production, as well as airway rigidity and
constriction. This restricts the movement of air into and out of your lungs.
Smoking strains and destroys the lungs, resulting in inflamed and constricted airways. Over time,
this might result in irreversible damage.
Symptoms of chronic bronchitis may include:
 cough (called smoker’s cough)
 excessive mucus production
 coughing up mucus
 wheezing
 chest discomfort or tightness
 shortness of breath
 crackling sounds while breathing
More severe effects that might appear as the condition worsens include:
 bluish lips, fingernails, and skin because of reduced oxygen levels
 swollen feet
 heart failure
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CONDITION: EMPHYSEMA
Emphysema is a kind of COPD that irritates the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. Air sacs lose their
flexibility, making it difficult for them to stretch out and compress.
This can make breathing difficult, especially when exhaling. Wheezing, shortness of breath and a
persistent cough are all caused by air becoming trapped in the lungs.
Long-term interaction with cigarette smoke or other irritating agents frequently leads to
emphysema. Continued smoking after diagnosis can exacerbate emphysema by raising
inflammation and causing more damage to the air sacs.
The symptoms of emphysema develop slowly over time and may include:
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shortness of breath
persistent coughing
excessive mucus
wheezing
chest tightness
weight loss due to decreased appetite and difficulty eating
fatigue and weakness
blue tinge to the lips or fingernail beds (a sign of low oxygen levels in the blood)
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CONDITION: LUNG CANCER
Lung cancer is a form of cancer that originates in the lung. Your lungs are a pair of spongy
organs in the chest cavity that absorb oxygen as you breathe and expel carbon dioxide when you
exhale.
Lung cancer is the majority of cancer-related fatalities throughout the entire world. Individuals
who smoke are more likely to get lung cancer, although lung cancer is also possible within
nonsmokers. The chance of developing lung cancer varies with the span of time and amount of
cigarettes smoked. Quitting smoking, even after many years, can greatly lower your risk of
developing lung cancer.
Lung cancer can cause a wide range of symptoms including:
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persistent cough, which may contain blood
chest pain
hoarseness
shortness of breath
wheezing
loss of appetite and weight loss
fatigue and weakness
recurrent lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis
persistent fatigue
anemia
Smoking promotes prolonged irritation and inflammation, increasing the likelihood of
precancerous cells developing into cancer. Furthermore, the chemicals included in cigarette
smoke are capable of damaging the genetic material in your lung cells, increasing the chance of a
genetic modification.
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CONDITION: ASTHMA
Asthma is a recurrent lung disorder that causes inflammation and constriction of the breathing
passages, making inhalation difficult.
Many things can cause asthma, like allergens, irritants, physical activity, and some drugs. The
symptoms of asthma can range from moderate to life-threatening, and they can be treated with
respiratory medicines and avoidance of stressors.
Common symptoms of asthma include:
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wheezing
chest tightness
shortness of breath
coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
Although smoking does not cause asthma, it could worsen the condition by irritating and injuring
the airways, resulting in increased inflammation and constriction.
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LONG TERMS EFFECTS OF VAPING
Some things that may contribute to health issues that relate to vaping are:
Nicotine: E-cigarettes may comprise a high concentration of nicotine, which is known to delay
brain development in developing babies, children, and adolescents.
Dangerous chemicals: The liquid that produces the mist is toxic to both adults and kids if
ingested, inhaled, or absorbed into their skin. Vaping further exposes the lungs to poisons
including diacetyl, chemicals that contribute to cancer, contaminants such as heavy metals, and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Lung damage: E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a condition
that arises as a result of vaping. The majority of instances are caused by items containing
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a compound found in cannabis use.
While vaping can injure the lungs and other body systems, it has a considerably lower impact
than smoking tobacco, and persons who use e-cigarettes are at a greater danger of respiratory
ailments than individuals who do not smoke.
Vaping may:
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damage the lungs
release free radicals, which promote cancer development, into the body
weaken the immune system
delay brain development in fetuses, children, and teenagers
Some people also report sustaining burns when recharging e-cigarettes due to defective
batteries leading to explosions.
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CONDITION: EVALI
E-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a severe inflammatory illness that
affects your lungs. It develops as an outcome of vaping, which involves inhaling microscopic
particles containing nicotine and flavoring through a small electronic device. EVALI can affect
persons who have utilized vaping devices for as long as ninety days before indications appear.
EVALI may appear unexpectedly and persist for only a short time, or it may develop steadily
and gradually over time. Severe instances may become lethal. Symptoms mostly impact your
breathing, although they may also cause stomach pain, fever, and chills. EVALI can be treated
by healthcare experts, although it is an unusual disease whose consequences are currently being
studied.
EVALI symptoms include:
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Chest pain.
Cough.
Shortness of breath (dyspnea).
Accelerated heartbeat (tachycardia).
Abdominal pain.
Nausea and vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Fever.
Chills.
Unexplained weight loss.
In some cases, EVALI may cause death.
POPCORN LUNG
"Popcorn lung," also known as bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), is a kind of pulmonary
inflammation that produces coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Over time, it can cause
scarring of the lung tissue's small air sacs and further thickening and constriction of the
respiratory tract. Diacetyl, an additive present in numerous e-cigarette flavors, is just one of the
causes of this condition.
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IN CONCLUSION
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Smoking and vaping are equally adverse to one's health. While smoking seems to be
much more deadly than vaping, this doesn't imply that vaping is less toxic.
Both e-cigarettes and regular cigarettes contain a wide range of chemicals, a majority of
which remain unidentified.
Many of these substances are toxic compounds with serious health repercussions.
Toxins from cigarettes and e-cigarettes hurt not just the lungs but also move quickly
throughout the body, causing similar adverse effects.
Inhaling cigarette smoke can severely damage the lungs, potentially causing chronic lung
diseases like COPD, which encompasses conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis,
as well as lung cancer. This is due to the harm inflicted on the lung’s airways and tiny air sacs.
Similarly, vaping is often viewed as a safer option but still carries significant lung health risks.
Vaping can cause inflammation and injury to lung tissues, leading to EVALI, a specific lung
injury associated with e-cigarette or vaping use. Vaping has been linked to various detrimental
effects, including lung scarring and other respiratory conditions. Ongoing studies suggest that
certain ingredients in vape liquids, such as diacetyl and vitamin E acetate, may contribute to lung
damage. Ultimately, both smoking and vaping expose the lungs to harmful substances that can
result in grave health complications, making neither practice risk-free.
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REFERENCES
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/smoking-tobacco
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https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21162-vaping
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https://khealth.com/learn/vaping/vaping-vs-smoking/
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https://www.healthline.com/health/lung-diseases-caused-by-smoking
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https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/vaping-vs-smoking#which-is-safer
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https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24948-evali
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https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/can-vaping-damage-your-lungs-what-we-do-anddont-know-2019090417734
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