SSUSH4 Analyze the ideological, social, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
SSUSH4a:
Declaration of Independence
The document’s ideas can be traced to several philosophies:
_________________________________________ –
-believed people were born with certain _________________________________ (life, liberty and
property)
-have a “_____________________________”
-people had the right to overthrow a government if it did not uphold its end of the contract
_________________________________________
French philosopher
Wrote of three types of political power (executive, legislative, and judicial)
_______________________________________ and checks and balances
Committee of Five:
_____________________________________
Congress elected a committee of five men to draft a declaration of independence from _______ ________
Members:
*John Adams (___________________)
*Robert R. Livingston (_________________)
*Benjamin Franklin (__________________)
*Thomas Jefferson (_______________)
*Roger Sherman (__________________)
Thomas Jefferson becomes known as “_____________________________________________”
Declaration of Independence:
Written mainly by ___________________________________ in June 1776, he borrowed the ideas of
Locke and Montesquieu. The document was edited several times prior to it’s presentation to the Congress
The original included a condemnation of the practice of __________________________. This was
removed by editors of Jefferson’s work
Made up of 5 parts:
________________________________ which explains the purpose of the document
Declaration of Natural Rights which is taken almost directly from Locke (Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of
Happiness)
____________________________________________ which list the colonists’ complaints
against Britain
Resolution of Independence which declares that the colonies are free from Britain
Signers declared that they, as representatives of the colonies approved the document
The signing of the Declaration of Independence signaled the beginning of the American Revolutionary War
SSUSH4b:
France enters the war
The French, old enemies of Britain, began to secretly send _____________________ to the Americans
__________________________________________ is sent to France in 1776 to try and persuade the
French to enter the war. He stayed in France until 1785. The Americans wanted France to send troops as well, but
France wanted an impressive _____________________________________________ before declaring
war on Britain
John Adams’ role during the war:
Acted as a _______________ in France during the war
Sent to __________ to secure aid for the colonists
Helped to write the Treaty of Paris (1783) which ended the _____________________________
SSUSH4c
George Washington & the Continental Army
When the American Revolution began, __________________________________________ was named
commander in chief of the Continental Army. He displayed extraordinary leadership abilities in the role.
Washington reorganized the army, secured additional equipment & supplies, & started a training program to turn
inexperienced recruits into a professional military.
Life was hard for the common soldier in the Continental Army. Enlistments lasted from
____________________, & the states differed in how well & how often they paid their soldiers, housed them
when they were not on the march, & supplied them with food, clothing, & equipment.
These issues undermined ________________________, as did the army’s stern discipline, the chances of
being wounded or killed, & British victories.
Winter of 1777–1778: ______________, ___________________; spent six months there.
The army’s problems with wages, housing, food, clothing, & equipment were at their worst.
_______________ spread throughout the camp, increasing the suffering of the ____________ men.
As conditions worsened, almost 4,000 soldiers were too weak or ill to fight. Nearly __________ troops die from
exposure to the cold and food shortages
Yet that winter Washington ordered an intense training program—similar to a modern ______ ________—that
turned the Continental Army into a capable & self-assured infantry.
Marquis de Lafayette:
The early war effort goes poorly for the Americans as they lose several _____ _______
In the Marquis de Lafayette from France, helped to hold the remaining troops together through _________ and
______________
He also returned to France for a time to work with ___________ & the French king on how to win American
independence.
Baron von Steuben:
Prussian born general arrived at ________ _________ and offered to help train the Continental Army
Helped to train and drill soldiers and created confidence and discipline in throughout the colonists army
SSUSH4d
Battle of Trenton:
On Christmas night 1776, Washington led his troops to a victory that was a _________ ________ for America
& the Revolutionary War.
As a snowstorm pounded Washington & his soldiers, they crossed the __________________ River to stage a
surprise attack on a fort occupied by Hessian mercenaries fighting for the British. (Trenton, NJ)
This victory proved Washington’s army could fight as well as an experienced European army.
Battle of Saratoga:
October 1777
The Americans _____________ the British at Saratoga, NY.
This American victory was a turning point in the war because it boosted American _________and brought
________ into the war against Britain
Yorktown, Virginia
In April 1781, British forces led by ___________________________________________ invade Virginia
Cornwallis moves his troops to Yorktown in order to gain supplies and keep a line of communication open by sea.
Washington took the opportunity to march from NY to Yorktown with a combined American and French army
The French _______________________ sailed up from the Caribbean to block supplies from
reaching Cornwallis’ army and to cut off his ability to escape by sea
In September 1781 American and French forces ___________________________Yorktown and begin to
attack Cornwallis’ army. After almost ______________________________ of constant bombardment, the
8,000 man British army surrenders
The surrender at Yorktown signaled the ________________________________________ for the British
SSUSH4e
Women:
Helped to make _________ from materials grown in the New World
Acted as _______ on the battlefields
Did not gain many political or legal rights as a result of the war, but won _________ for their roles as
“republican mothers”
Encouraged women to speak out on issues that affected their ability to raise their ____________
Sought rights to protect women from being beaten
Could not _______, _________________, or ________________
American Indians:
Many tried to stay out of the war
Some sided with the Americans and would later punish American Indians for supporting their ________
Some sided with Britain with the hope of protecting their __________ from encroaching Americans
African Americans:
____________ seemed inconsistent with the ideals of the Declaration of Independence, yet a majority of
African Americans remained enslaved
After the war, many demanded ____________ using petitions and suing their owners in ________
About 5,000 African Americans joined the war effort with the promise of freedom
____________ Southern slaves joined the British forces
The war led to ____________________ in the North, only increased in the South
SSUSH4f
The Treaty of Paris, 1783
Signed in September 1783, the Treaty:
Recognized the ______________________________ as a new nation, setting it’s western border at
the _____________________________________________
Gave Florida back to ____________________, and gave the French several colonies in Africa and the
Caribbean
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