
PAQ*

PI*
 PP*
PAGE
ref.:
ref.:
PI CND 0547
1
ref.:
42
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
THIS RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING PROCEDURE IS APPLICABLE ONLY
WHEN STANDARDS NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1 ARE TO BE USED
For radiographic testing conducted in accordance with other standards, please refer to
Related Document 2 of PI QHSE 01: Procedures Table of Contents.
QHSE approval:
Signature numérique de
Juliane SARAZIN OBERTO
Date : 2023.04.18
08:16:20 +02'00'
*PAQ = Quality Plan - PI = Internal Procedure - PP = Special Procedure
EDITION
3
AUTHOR
CHECKED BY
NAME
SIGNATURE
B.PAPIN
BO3-003583
Signature
numérique de
PAPIN Bruno
Date : 2023.04.12
07:38:26 +02'00'
APPROVED BY
NAME
SIGNATURE
F.POLIGOJ
BO3-003787
Frédéric Signature
numérique de
POLIGOJ
POLIGO Frédéric
Date : 2023.04.12
09:06:51 +02'00'
J
Effective
NAME
SIGNATURE
date
B.PAPIN
BO3-003583
Signature
numérique de
PAPIN Bruno
Date : 2023.04.12
07:39:03 +02'00'
17/04/2023
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
2
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Edition
0
1
Effective date
16/11/2020
07/12/2020
42
Modification(s)
First issue (Translation of the French version of the procedure PI CND 0547 revision 0)
§3.1 : Addition of PI CND 1721: verification of visual acuity in internal
documents.
§4 : Precision concerning visual acuity.
§6.6.1 : reference to PI Matériel 001 for the verification requirements of
the densitometer.
§6.6.2 : reference to PI Matériel 001 for the verification requirements of
the Radiographic illuminator .
§7.6 : Clarification on fog density and reference to procedure PI CND
0504 for the film processing and the associated control methods.
§9 : reference to annex 5 for the acceptance criteria.
(Translation of the French version of the procedure PI CND 0547 revision 1)
2
14/03/2022
Update criteria according to standard EN ISO 10675-1 (12/2021)
3
17/04/2023
Update § 3.2, 6.1.2, 6.3.2, 7.3, 8.1 and annex 4 according to standard
NF EN ISO 17636-1 (08/2022)
(Translation of the French version of the procedure PI CND 0547 revision 2)
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
3
42
CONTENTS
1
SUBJECT ............................................................................................................................. 5
2
SCOPE OF APPLICATION .................................................................................................. 5
3
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS (*) ........................................................................................... 6
3.1
Internal documents ....................................................................................................................... 6
3.2
External documents ...................................................................................................................... 7
4
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION........................................................................................... 7
5
MATERIALS SUBJECT TO EXAMINATION – SCOPE OF EXAMINATION ....................... 8
6
5.1
Visual inspection of the surface.................................................................................................. 8
5.2
Temperature................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3
Accessibility .................................................................................................................................. 8
5.4
Marking of the equipment ............................................................................................................ 8
5.5
Scope of examination ................................................................................................................... 8
X-RAY EXAMINATION EQUIPMENT .................................................................................. 9
6.1
Radiation sources ......................................................................................................................... 9
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.2
Single, double or multi-film technique ..................................................................................... 10
6.3
Film systems and screens ......................................................................................................... 10
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
Composition of the cassette ................................................................................................................................. 10
Films ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Intensifying screens ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Front filter .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Back filter (Blocking medium) ............................................................................................................................... 13
6.4
Image quality indicators (IQI)..................................................................................................... 13
6.5
Markers ......................................................................................................................................... 14
6.6
Film examination equipment ..................................................................................................... 14
6.6.1
6.6.2
7
X-ray devices.................................................................................................................................................... 9
Gamma radiation source ............................................................................................................................. 10
Densitometer ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Radiographic illuminator ....................................................................................................................................... 14
EXAMINATION PROCEDURES......................................................................................... 14
7.1
Exposure techniques .................................................................................................................. 14
7.2
Identification of radiographs ..................................................................................................... 15
7.3
Position of image quality indicators (IQI)................................................................................. 15
7.4
Source-object distance – Geometric unsharpness ................................................................ 16
7.5
Maximum area for a single exposure ....................................................................................... 18
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
7.6
8
9
PAGE
4
42
Film processing ........................................................................................................................... 18
RADIOGRAPHIC FILM QUALITY ...................................................................................... 18
8.1
Density.......................................................................................................................................... 18
8.2
Image quality ............................................................................................................................... 19
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ................................................................................................. 19
10 EXAMINATION REPORT ................................................................................................... 19
11 HYGIENE AND SAFETY .................................................................................................... 20
ANNEX 1 - CHARACTERISTICS OF IQI AS PER NF EN ISO 19232-1 ET 2 .......................... 21
ANNEX 2 - TEST ARRANGEMENT AS PER NF EN ISO 17636-1 .......................................... 23
ANNEX 3 - NOMBER OF EXPOSURES AS PER NF EN ISO 17636-1 .................................. 28
ANNEX 4 - MINIMUM IMAGE QUALITY REQUIRED AS PER NF EN ISO 17636-1 ............... 32
ANNEX 5 - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ..................................................................................... 36
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
5
42
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
1 SUBJECT
This document defines the general provisions to be implemented when conducting radiographic testing
as per NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1.
2 SCOPE OF APPLICATION
The examination can be conducted on elements in the process of being manufactured (prefabrication,
assembly) and in service (periodic examination, repair, expert assessment).
As per standard NF EN ISO 17635, the radiographic testing of welds must be compliant with table A.5
(RT-F), namely:
Quality levels as per ISO 5817
B
C
D
Testing techniques
and examination levels as per
ISO 17636‑1
B
Ba
At least A
Acceptance levels
as per ISO 10675‑1
1
2
3
a Nevertheless, the minimum number of exposures for testing a circumferential weld may correspond to the
requirements of ISO 17636-1:2013, Class A.
The radiographic techniques as per NF EN ISO 17636-1 are divided into two classes:
- Class A: basic techniques
- Class B: improved techniques
Class B techniques are used when Class A might be insufficiently sensitive.
Better techniques compared to Class B are possible and may be agreed upon between the contracting
parties by specification of all appropriate test parameters.
The radiographic technique used shall be agreed upon between the contracting parties.
If, for technical or industrial reasons, it is not possible to meet one of the conditions specified for Class B,
such as the type of radiation source or the source-to-object distance f, it may be agreed by the
contracting parties that the condition selected may be that specified for Class A. The loss of sensitivity
shall be compensated by increasing the minimum density to 3.0 or by selection of a better film system
class with a minimum density of 2.6. The other conditions for Class B remain unchanged, especially the
image quality achieved.
Because of the better sensitivity compared to Class A, the test specimen may be regarded as being
examined to Class B.
To be able to evaluate welded assemblies, the customer must:
-
confirm the acceptance level as per NF EN ISO 10675
-
Indicate the testing stage:
o before, during or after completion of the welds
o before or after heat treatment
-
Scope of examinations
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
6
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
3 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS (*)
3.1 Internal documents
MQHSE
Manuel Qualité Hygiène,Sécurité,Environnement.
PREV 001
Livret Sécurité Agent
PI HAB 001-11
Formation, qualification, certification et habilitation du personnel – modalités des
habilitations END.
PAQ RT1
Management de la radioprotection et du transport de matières dangereuses
(TMD).
PI QHSE 01
Maitrise des documents et des enregistrements
PI Matériel 001
Inventaire, suivi, vérification et étalonnage des équipements de mesure et
d’essais.
PI CND 1120
Vérification des densitomètres optiques à lecture directe.
PI CND 1121
Vérification des négatoscopes à usage de la radiologie industrielle.
PI CND 0504
Traitement des films radiographiques – Entretien et maintenance des machines
de développement automatique des films radiographiques.
PI CND 1721
Vérification de l’acuité visuelle des agents d’essais non destructifs certifiés
suivant NF EN ISO 9712 et SNT-TC-1A
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
7
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
42
3.2 External documents
NF EN ISO 9712
Qualification and certification of NDT personnel – Non-destructifs testing
NF EN ISO 5817
Welding – Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam
welding excluded) – Quality levels for imperfections
NF EN 1330-3
Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 3 : terms used in industrial
radiographic testing
NF EN ISO 19232-1
Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiographs – Part 1 : Determination of
image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators
NF EN ISO 19232-2
Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiographs – Part 2 : Determination of
image quality value using step/hole-type image quality indicators
NF EN ISO 19232-3
Non-destructive testing – Image quality of radiographs – Part 3 : Image quality
classes
NF EN ISO 5579
Non-destructive testing – Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and
X or gamma ray – Basic rules
Non-destructive testing of welds – General rules for metallic materials
NF EN ISO 17635
NF EN ISO 17636-1
Non-destructive testing of welds – Radiographic testing – Part 1 : X and gammaray techniques with film
NF EN ISO 11699-1
Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic film – Part 1 : Classification of film
for industrial radiography
NF EN ISO 11699-2
Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic film – Part 2 : Control of film
processing by means of reference values
NF EN 25580
Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic illuminators
EN ISO 10675-1
Non-destructive testing of welds – Acceptance levels for radiographic testing –
Part 1: steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys
(*) at the last revision index.
4 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
As per standard NF EN ISO 9712, examiners in charge of calibrating the equipment, conducting the
tests and recording the results obtained on the reports are certified to at least Level 1 COFREND
Radiographic Testing (RT) / CIFM committee or equivalent.
Examiners in charge of evaluating, interpreting the results and decision making authority (conformity or
non-conformity) with regard to the applicable codes, standards or procedures, must be certified to at
least Level 2 COFREND Radiographic Testing (RT) / CIFM committee or equivalent.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
8
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
42
Examiners must have satisfactory visual acuity in accordance with the requirements of standard NF EN
ISO 9712 and verified annually. When this verification is carried out internally, the PI CND 1721
procedure applies.
In the case of a dispute, doubt or to perfect the characterisation of an indication, the operations shall be
entrusted to an examiner having at least Level 2 COFREND Radiographic Testing (RT) certification /
CIFM committee or equivalent.
Only CAMARI ɣ personnel are authorised to use the gamma-ray projector.
Only CAMARI X personnel are authorised to use the X-ray generator.
Operators must also be classified as Category A or B.
WARNING: Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays or gamma rays can be extremely harmful
to health. All use of X-ray equipment or radioactive sources must be subject to the appropriate legal or
regulatory framework.
Local, national or international rules for protection against ionising radiation must be strictly followed.
5 MATERIALS SUBJECT TO EXAMINATION – SCOPE OF EXAMINATION
5.1 Visual inspection of the surface
The purpose of the visual examination is to check that the external surfaces of the area of the object
to be examined are free of any irregularities or imperfections which might interfere with the
interpretation of the radiographs.
5.2 Temperature
The surface temperature of the object to be examined in contact with the film or cassette must not
exceed 50°C.
If this is not the case, equipment to cool down the X-ray films or cassettes must be used.
5.3 Accessibility
The environment of the areas to be examined must allow the examination to be performed. Areas
that cannot be examined due to access or the presence of obstacles must be recorded and reported
in the inspection report.
5.4 Marking of the equipment
An indication is placed near each weld:
• the zero point and the direction of the numbered strip shown by an arrow,
• or a “0 and 1”, 0 giving the origin of the numbered strip, 1 its direction, the distance 0-1, the step.
This marking can be applied by punching, vibrating stylus or, if the nature of the material and the
service conditions make this type of marking impossible, paint may be used (Ecri-métal, permanent
marker), possibly associated with sketches.
5.5 Scope of examination
The area examined includes the weld, the Heat Affected Zones (HAZ) and the parent metal over a
width of at least 10 mm on either side of the weld.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
9
42
6 X-RAY EXAMINATION EQUIPMENT
6.1 Radiation sources
The source must be chosen based on the geometry of the part or assembly to be examined, the
nature of the material and its thickness:
Two types of radiation are used:
➢ those generated by X-ray devices,
➢ those produced by radioactive sources, which may be Iridium 192 or Selenium 75.
6.1.1
X-ray devices
To maintain good flaw sensitivity, the X-ray tube voltage should be as low as possible.
The following figure specifies the maximum voltage of the X-ray generator as a function of the
penetrated thickness and the material.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
10
42
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
6.1.2
PAGE
Gamma radiation source
The ranges of thickness penetrated w authorised for gamma radiation sources are indicated in
Table 1 below, as a function of the class.
Table 1 – Gamma radiation source as a function of classes and thicknesses
Thickness penetrated w in mm
Radiation source
Class A
Class B
Se 75
10 ≤ w ≤ 40
14 ≤ w ≤ 40
Ir 192
20 ≤ w ≤ 100
20 ≤ w ≤ 90
By agreement between the contracting parties, the penetrated thickness for Ir 192 may further be reduced to
10mm for testing class A or testing class B. Wider thickness ranges may be permitted if sufficient image quality
can be achieved.
By agreement between the contracting parties, the penetrated thickness for Ir 192 may further be reduced for
testing class A or testing class B. Wider thickness ranges may be permitted if sufficient image quality can be
achieved.
In cases where radiographs are produced using gamma-rays, the travel time to position the source shall not
exceed 10% of the total exposure time.
6.2 Single, double or multi-film technique
The single film technique is preferred; however, it is possible to use another technique:
-
double-film technique (two films of the same speed),
multi-film technique (two or more films of different speed).
6.3 Film systems and screens
The films used are direct films for metal screens. They are Carestream, Agfa Gevaert or equivalent
brand.
The films are not to be used beyond the expiry date indicated by the film's manufacturer. Before
treatment, films are stored in the temperature and humidity conditions recommended by the
manufacturer and protected from all ionising radiation.
The film system class is determined based on the thickness radiographed and the radiation energy in
order to achieve the required image quality.
The films that can be used are indicated in Table 2 below:
6.3.1 Composition of the cassette
With the single film technique, the cassette consists of the following elements:
1 front filter, if required (see §6.3.4)
1 front intensifying screen (see §6.3.3)
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
PAGE
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
42
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
-
1 film (see §6.3.2)
1 back intensifying screen (see §6.3.3)
1 back filter, if required (see §6.3.5)
With the double film technique, the cassette consists of the following elements:
1 front filter, if required (see §6.3.4)
1 front intensifying screen (see §6.3.3)
1 film (see §6.3.2)
1 intermediate screen (see §6.3.3)
1 film (see §6.3.2)
1 back intensifying screen (see §6.3.3)
1 back filter, if required (see §6.3.5)
6.3.2 Films
Table 2 – Class of the film systems in relation to the radiation
Radiation source
Thickness penetrated
w (mm)
Class of the film
system (1)
Class A
Class B
X-rays – Voltage ≤100 kV
C3
X-rays – Voltage > 100 kV to 150 kV
X-rays – Voltage > 150 kV to 250 kV
C4
W ≤ 50 mm
11
C5
C4
X-rays – Voltage > 250 kV to 500 kV
W > 50 mm
C5
Se 75 (2)
C4
Ir 192
C4
(1) Superior film system classes can also be used.
(2) It is recommended that better film system classes are used for testing of penetration thicknesses below
10mm with Se 75 than table 2.
Table 3: Film system classes (NF EN ISO 11699-1)
Film system class
Carestream
Agfa Gevaert
C1
SR45 and DR50
D2
C2
M100
D3
C3
MX125
D4
C4
T200
D5
C5
AA400
D7
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
PAGE
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
12
42
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
6.3.3 Intensifying screens
Screens shall be perfectly clean, polished and free of scratches.
Table 4 - Type of screens as a function of the radiation and the film technique
Radiation source
Thickness
penetrated
w (mm)
X-rays
Voltage ≤100 kV
X-rays
Voltage > 100 kV to 150 kV
X-rays
Voltage > 150 kV to 250 kV
Film
technique
Type and thickness of intensifying screens
Single Film
No screen or front and rear lead screens of 0.03 mm max.
X-rays
Voltage > 250 kV to 500 kV
W > 50 mm
Ir 192
Class B
Front and back lead screens of 0.15 mm max
Intermediate screen: 2 x 0.02 mm ≤ e ≤ 2 x 0.05mm (case
of double film) (2)
W ≤ 50 mm
Se 75
Class A
Single or
double film
Front and back lead screens of 0.02 to 0.2 mm
Intermediate screen: 2 x 0.02 mm ≤ e ≤ 2 x 0.1 mm (case
of double film) (2)
Front lead screen of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm (3)
Intermediate screen: 2 x 0.02 mm ≤ e ≤ 2 x 0.1 mm (case
of double film) (2)
Back lead screen of 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm.
Front and rear lead screens from 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm.
Intermediate screen: 2 x 0.02 mm ≤ e ≤ 2 x 0.1 mm (case
of double film) (2)
Front lead screen of
Front lead screen of
0.02 mm to 0.2 mm
0.1 mm to 0.2 mm (3)
Intermediate screen: 2 x 0.02 mm ≤ e ≤ 2 x 0.1 mm (case
of double film) (2)
Back lead screen from 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm
(3) The thickness of each intermediate screen is always less than the thickness of the front screen, or equal
when using film packaged with a front screen of 0.03 mm max.
(4) It is possible to use a fully packaged film with a front screen of max. 0.03 mm, if an additional 0.1 mm lead
screen is placed between the object and the film.
6.3.4 Front filter
Direct radiation should be collimated as much as possible on the part examined.
For X-ray radiation less than 400 kV, the use of filters is not required.
With Iridium 192, Selenium 75 or in case of edge effect, a lead sheet (filter) can be placed between
the object and the cassette. Its use is only recommended, and their thickness is indicated in Table 5,
below.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
13
42
Table 5: Front filter thickness
Radiation source
Thickness
Front lead filter thickness (mm)
penetrated w (mm)
X-rays
/
Se 75
The filter is not required
Use is only recommended:
w < 20
No filter
w ≥ 20
0.2 mm
Ir 192
Use is only recommended:
w ≤ 40
0.5 mm
40 ≤ w ≤ 60
1 mm
60 ≤ w ≤ 80
1.5 (for low-alloy steel)
or 2 (for stainless steel)
w > 80
2 mm
6.3.5 Back filter (Blocking medium)
When a back filter is required to avoid backscattered radiation (as the case of radiographs near walls,
concrete walls, etc.), it consists of a lead sheet at least 1 mm thick placed behind and in contact with
the cassette containing the films and the intensifying screens. It may also be placed inside the case,
as required.
The presence of backscattered radiation shall be checked for each of the new operating conditions by
means of a lead letter “B” (with a minimum height of 10 mm and a minimum thickness between 1.5
and 2.5 mm) placed immediately behind each cassette, if no back filter is used or behind the back
filter in the opposite case.
If the image of the letter “B” appears as a lighter image on the radiograph, it shall be rejected. If it
appears darker or remains invisible, the radiograph is acceptable and demonstrates good protection
against backscattered radiation.
6.4 Image quality indicators (IQI)
Image quality must be checked using wire, hole or step-type image quality indicators (IQI), defined in
standards NF EN ISO 19232, parts 1 and 2, respectively.
The dimensional characteristics of the IQIs are given in Annex 1.
The IQI is made of a material whose absorption coefficient is similar to that of the part to be
radiographed.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
14
42
The IQI is selected according to the required image quality, depending on the thickness t or w, in
accordance with the tables in Annex 4.
-
“t” in the case of a single wall single image, source side IQI,
“w” in the case of double wall double image, source side IQI or double wall single image, film side
IQI.
The hole or wire required to be visible must not be the smallest hole or wire in the IQI used, unless
the hole is 0.125 mm (H1) or the wire is 0.05 mm (W19).
Number of image quality indicators:
-
Single exposure: 1 IQI per film,
“Panoramic” exposure: 3 IQIs arranged at regular intervals.
6.5 Markers
Markers made of lead or any other material of appropriate density are used to identify
radiographs; their thickness is a function of the thickness of the radiographed parts and shall
ensure unambiguous identification.
For identification purposes, illuminated marking can be used as long as it is performed in a
darkroom before the composition of the cassette and screens.
6.6 Film examination equipment
6.6.1 Densitometer
The verification is performed after thermal stabilisation is achieved, using a reference film as per
procedure PI CND 1120 and must be valid.
The metrological requirements are defined in the procedure PI Material 001.
6.6.2 Radiographic illuminator
The radiographic illuminator must allow films to be read (single or double film reading), the optical
density of which is provided in Chapter 8.1.
The radiographic illuminator shall be checked annually by an approved subcontractor as per
procedure PI CND 1121.
The metrological requirements are defined in the procedure PI Material 001.
7 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
7.1 Exposure techniques
The various exposure techniques, in compliance with those defined in standard NF EN ISO 17636-1,
are indicated in the diagrams featured in Figure 2 below:
Figure 2: Exposure techniques
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
15
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
42
7.2 Identification of radiographs
Radiographs must have a unique identification enabling them to be referenced to the part concerned.
The identification scheme must include information that unambiguously identifies the radiographed
weld, and may consist of lead or luminous markers.
Identification example to be agreed upon with the customer:
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
Name of the project, work order or case number,
Isometric or equipment number,
Weld number,
Welder's identification,
Repair number, if applicable (R1, R2),
Test date.
The number of films and the film overlap shall enable the entire volume of the test area to be
radiographed.
A numbered strip containing the lead digits shall be used to identify the exact position of each area on
the radiographs in relation to the zero point to be defined. In some instances (forming an ellipse,
parallel plane), this numbered strip may be replaced by visible identification markers (e.g., A, B, etc.).
These markings are arranged in such a way that they always appear outside the area to be
examined.
After repair, the films used to inspect this repair shall include the letter “R”, in addition to the
identification marker. If the film is shot after a second repair operation, “R2” is shown and so on.
These indications are to be placed outside the zone to be examined.
7.3 Position of image quality indicators (IQI)
The IQI must be placed on the source-side surface of the part inspected. If this is not possible, the
IQI should be placed on the film-side surface of the part inspected. A lead letter “F” must be placed in
immediate proximity to the IQI marking.
The placement of the IQI on the film side in the single wall/single image technique should only be
used if it is not possible to place the IQI on the side of the part facing the source, and requires a
comparative test to be performed on a representative part for which it is possible to place an IQI on
the film side and another on the source side, with a letter “F” placed next to the first, in order to
determine a correspondence between the indications of the two IQIs, and a possible correction.
With the double wall / single or double image technique, if the IQI is positioned on the film side, refer
directly to Tables 9, 10, 11 and 12 in Annex 4; it is not useful to make a comparative shot.
Using wire-type IQIs:
The wires shall be directed perpendicular to the weld and its location shall ensure that at least 10 mm
of the wire length shows in a section of uniform optical density (location where the thickness is as
uniform as possible), which is normally in the parent metal adjacent to the weld, with the marking
placed outside the area of interest.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
16
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
42
For ellipse or parallel plane, the IQI can be placed with the wires perpendicular to the tube axis. In
this case, they should not be projected onto the weld image.
The visible wire length may be shorter than 10mm for external pipe diameters smaller than 50mm. In
this case, the visible wire length shall be  20% of the external pipe diameter.
Using step and hole type IQIs:
The step and hole IQI shall be placed in such a way that the hole number required is placed close to
the weld, outside the area of interest.
7.4 Source-object distance – Geometric unsharpness
Note: Standards NF EN ISO 5579 and NF EN ISO 17636-1 impose a minimum source-object
distance to be respected but do not impose a geometric unsharpness value.
The minimum source-to-object distance, f min, depends on the source size or focal spot size d and
on the object-to-detector distance b.
When the source size or focal spot size is defined by two dimensions, the larger shall be used.
The distance f shall, where practicable, be chosen so that the ratio of this distance to the source
size or focal spot size d, i.e. f / d, is not less than the values given by the formula below:
For Class A:
For Class B:
where: f, d and b are expressed in millimetres (mm).
If the distance b is less than 1.2 t, then the dimension b, in the Formulae above and in Figure 2,
shall be replaced by the nominal thickness t.
For determination of the source-to-object distance, f min, the nomogram in Figure 3 may be used.
When using the elliptic technique or the perpendicular (parallel plane) technique, b shall be
replaced by the external diameter De of the pipe in the Formulae above and in Figure 2.
If the double wall/simple image technique is used, the source-to-object distance is determined
only by the wall thickness.
If the radiation source is placed inside the object to be radiographed, it is recommended that the
reduction in minimum source-to-object distance should not be greater than 20%.
This percentage may be increased (50% maximum) when the source is centred inside the object
with the film on the outside and provided that the IQI requirements are met.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Figure 3 - Nomogram for the determination of minimum source-to-object distance fmin in relation to
object-to-film distance b and the source size d
PAGE
17
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
18
42
7.5 Maximum area for a single exposure
The ratio of the penetrated thickness at the outer edge of an evaluated area of uniform thickness to
that at the centre beam shall not be more than 1.1 for Class B and 1.2 for Class A.
The densities resulting from thickness variations shall not be less than 2 for Class A and 2.3 for
Class B.
The figures for determining the minimum number of exposures as per NF EN ISO 17636-1 are
enclosed in Annex 3.
7.6 Film processing
If possible, film processing, whether manual or automatic, should be carried out within 8 hours after
exposure and always within 24 hours.
Film processing is carried out manually or automatically according to the sequences recommended
by the manufacturer and mentioned in the procedure PI CND 0504.
The machine manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed regarding the temperature and
developer immersion time in order to obtain the class required for the film system.
The film/processing product pair must be produced by the same manufacturer.
The fog density shall not exceed 0.3 and should be checked periodically.
The film processing control methods (high fog densities, archivability, check baths) are defined in
procedure PI CND 0504.
8 RADIOGRAPHIC FILM QUALITY
Radiographs shall be free from defects due to processing or other causes likely to interfere with their
interpretation.
All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other blemishes to the extent that they cannot
mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity.
Such blemishes include, but are not limited to, the following:
➢ Processing defects such as streaks, water marks or chemical stains,
➢ scratches, finger marks, dirtiness, static marks, smudges or tears,
➢ loss of detail due to poor screen-to-film contact,
➢ false indications due to defective screens.
8.1 Density
Film density shall be measured using a densitometer. The densities to be taken into account are
those corresponding to the interpretable area. The measurement will be performed in several
locations, as follows:
▪
▪
▪
Minimum value generally located in the region of average penetration bead thickness
(centre of weld)
Maximum value generally located at the fusion line in the parent metal,
Average of the values measured in the standard section.
A one-off measurable density anomaly is not taken into account.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
PAGE
19
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
42
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Density within the interpretable area of this film shall vary progressively.
Class A
Film technique
Single film,
Double films or multi-films single film reading
Double films or multiple films,
with double film reading
Class B
Min.
Max. (4)
Min.
Max. (4)
≥2
≤ 4.5
≥ 2.3
≤ 4.5
≥ 2.7 (5)
≤ 4.5
≥ 2.7 (5)
≤ 4.5 (6)
(4) Recommended value 4.5 max., subject to being compatible with the luminance level of the
radiographic illuminator.
Some radiographic illuminator allow the reading of film with a density > 4.5, their use must be limited to
specific needs for reading films with densities > 4.5.
(5) with 1.3 min. per film
(6) Above 4.5, if the density of each film is at least equal to 2 in Class A and 2.3 in Class B, single film
reading is permitted.
8.2 Image quality
Image quality shall be evaluated using IQIs positioned in compliance with the requirements defined
in §7.3.
The minimum image quality index required is given in Annex 4.
For wire IQIs (NF EN ISO 19232-1): The wire number corresponding to the smallest wire clearly
visible on the radiograph shall be taken as the IQI achieved. The image of a wire is accepted to be
visible if a continuous length of at least 10 mm is clearly visible in a region of uniform optical density.
For step/hole IQIs (NF EN ISO 19232-2): The number of the smallest hole which is visible on the
radiograph shall be taken as the IQI. When the step contains two holes, both shall be visible.
9 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Unless otherwise specified by the customer, the acceptance criteria to be applied are those of standard
NF EN ISO 10675-1 given in annex 5, depending on the acceptance level specified by the customer.
10 EXAMINATION REPORT
The examination results shall be recorded clearly, completely and accurately so that they can be used in
the successive stages of intervention.
The examination report must include at least the following information:
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
object,
material,
geometry,
material thickness,
specification of examination including requirements for acceptance,
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
PAGE
20
42
radiographic technique and class, required IQI sensitivity,
test arrangement,
system of marking used,
film position plan,
radiation source, type and size of focal spot, and identification of equipment used,
film systems, screens and filters,
tube voltage and current or source type and activity,
time of exposure and source-to-film distance,
results of the examination, including data on film density, IQI readings,
any deviation from this procedure, by special agreement,
name, certification and signature of the responsible person(s),
dates of exposure and examination report.
11 HYGIENE AND SAFETY
During his intervention, in order to comply with current legislation, the examiner shall respect the
“ANALYSIS-PREVENTION” sheets No. CND 3 and No. CND 12 (at the latest applicable issues) of the
“EXAMINER SAFETY BOOKLET”.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
ANNEX 1 - CHARACTERISTICS OF IQI AS PER NF EN ISO 19232-1 ET 2
Wire-type image quality indicators
PAGE
21
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Step/hole type image quality indicators
PAGE
22
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
ANNEX 2 - TEST ARRANGEMENT AS PER NF EN ISO 17636-1
PAGE
23
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
24
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
25
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
26
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
27
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
ANNEX 3 - NOMBER OF EXPOSURES AS PER NF EN ISO 17636-1
Nomber of exposures - class B
PAGE
28
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Nomber of exposures - class B
PAGE
29
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Nomber of exposures - class A
PAGE
30
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Nomber of exposures - class A
PAGE
31
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
32
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
42
ANNEX 4 - MINIMUM IMAGE QUALITY REQUIRED AS PER NF EN ISO 17636-1
Tables B.1 to B.12 show the minimum quality values for metallic materials.
In the case where Ir 192 or Se 75 sources are used, IQI values poorer than the ones listed in Tables B.1
to B.12 may be accepted exceptionally as follows, this shall be noted in the report :
Double wall, double image techniques, both class A and B (Table 5, 6, 7 and 8) w = 2t :
-
10 mm < w ≤ 25 mm, 1 wire value fewer or one step hole value more for Ir 192;
w ≤ 12 mm, 1 wire value fewer or one step hole value more for Se 75.
Single wall single image techniques, class A: (Tableaux 1 et 2) ;
Double wall single image techniques, class A: (Tableaux 9 et 10) w = 2t :
-
10 mm < w ≤ 24 mm, 2 wire value fewer or two step hole value more for Ir 192;
24 mm < w ≤ 30 mm, 1 wire value fewer or one step hole value more for Ir 192;
w ≤ 24 mm, 1 wire value fewer or one step hole value more for Se 75.
Single wall single image techniques, classe B (Tableaux 3 et 4) ;
Double wall single image techniques, classe B (Tableaux 11 et 12) w = 2t :
-
10 mm < w ≤ 40 mm, 1 wire value fewer or one step hole value more for Ir 192;
w ≤ 20 mm, 1 wire value fewer or one step hole value more for Se 75.
For Se 75 and penetrated thicknesses less than 12 mm, it can be difficult to achieve the IQI values
required for testing class B. In this particular case, the minimum optical density shall be increased to 3,0
and at least one film system class better shall be used than required in Table 3 or Table 4.
If the IQI values for Se 75 and penetrated thicknesses less than 12 mm cannot be achieved as
described, the required IQI values and test conditions shall be agreed by the contracting parties based
on ISO 19232-4.
Note : penetrated thickness w
thickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam calculated on the basis of the nominal
thicknesses of all penetrated walls.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
33
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
34
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
35
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
36
42
ANNEX 5 - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AS PER EN ISO 10675-1 (12/2021)
Table 1 – Symbols
A
is the sum of projected areas of indications related to each L × wp in percentage (see Annex B)
b
is the width of excess penetration of weld, in millimetres
D
is the distance between indications
d
is the diameter of pore, in millimetres
dA
is the diameter of area surrounding a group of gas holes (e.g. clustered porosity), in millimetres
h
is the width of indication, the width or height of surface or cross surface imperfection, in millimetres
l
is the length of indication, in millimetres (see also Figure C.3 and Figure C.4 for linear porosity)
L
is any 100 mm testing length, in millimetres (equivalent to lp in ISO 5817)
s
is the nominal butt weld thickness, in millimetres (see also ISO 2553)
t
is the material thickness, in millimetres
wp
is the width of the weld, in millimetres
Σl
is the summary length of imperfections within L (indications shall not be divided into different ranges L)
General and acceptance levels
The acceptance levels in the tables below are valided for evaluation of imperfections which cannot be
detected and evaluated by visual testing. Surface imperfections (see Table 5; such as undercut and
excessive penetration, surface damage, weld spatter, etc.) which cannot be evaluated by visual testing
due to object geometry, but where the interpreter suspects that the ISO 5817 quality levels are not
fulfilled, shall be subject to more specific testing for quantification.
When quantification of undercut and/or excessive penetration by radiographic testing is required, specific
procedures using test exposures may be applied in order to establish a basis for approximate
quantification in accordance with the requirements of ISO 5817. This shall be specified in the adopted
specification/procedure.
Table 4 : Acceptance levels for internal indications in butt welds
Table 5 : Surface imperfections
Any two adjacent imperfections separated by a distance smaller than the major dimension of the smaller
imperfection shall be considered as a single imperfection (see Annex C).
Annex B supports the visual evaluation of porosity.
Indications shall not be divided into different ranges, L.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
PAGE
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
37
42
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Table 4 - Acceptance levels for internal indications in butt welds
N°
Type of internal
imperfections in
accordance with
ISO 6520-1
Acceptance
Acceptance
Acceptance
level 3a
level 2a
level 1
Cracks (100)
Porosity and gas pores
(2012, 2011)
Single layer
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
A ≤ 2,5 %
d ≤ 0,4s, max. 5 mm
L = 100 mm
A ≤ 1,5 %
d ≤ 0,3s, max. 4 mm
L = 100 mm
A≤1%
d ≤ 0,2s, max. 3 mm
L = 100 mm
Porosity and gas pores
(2012, 2011)
Multilayer
Clustered (localized)
porosity (2013)
Linear porosity (2014)
A≤5%
d ≤ 0,4s, max. 5 mm
L = 100 mm
A≤3%
d ≤ 0,3s, max. 4 mm
L = 100 mm
A≤2%
d ≤ 0,2s, max. 3 mm
L = 100 mm
dA ≤ wp, max. 25 mm
dA ≤ wp, max.20 mm
dA ≤ wp/2, max. 15 mm
Elongated cavities
(2015) and wormholes
(2016)
Shrinkage cavity (202)
(other than crater pipes)
h < 0,4s, max.4mm
Σl ≤ s, max. 75 mm
L = 100 mm
h < 0,3s, max.3mm
Σl ≤ s, max. 50 mm
L = 100 mm
h < 0,2s, max., 2mm
Σl ≤ s, max. 25 mm
L = 100 mm
h < 0,4s, max. 4 mm
l ≤ 25 mm
Not permitted
Not permitted
7
Crater pipe (2024)
h ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm
l ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm
Not permitted
Not permitted
8d
Slag inclusions (301),
flux inclusions (302)
and oxide inclusions
(303)
Metallic inclusions
(304) (other than copper)
Copper inclusions
(3042)
h < 0,4s, max. 4 mm
h < 0,3s, max. 3 mm
h < 0,2s, max., 2 mm
Σl ≤ s, max. 75 mm
L = 100 mm
Σl ≤ s, max. 50 mm
Σl ≤ s, max. 25 mm
L = 100 mm
L = 100 mm
l ≤ 0,4s, max. 4 mm
l ≤ 0,3 s, max. 3 mm
l ≤ 0,2 s, max. 2 mm
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Lack of fusion (401)
Not breaking the surface
l ≤ 0,4s, max. 4 mm
Permitted, but only
intermittently and not
breaking the surface
Not permitted
Not permitted
1
2a
2b
3b
4
5d
6e
9
10
11e
d≤ 0,4s, max. 5 mm
l ≤ s, max. 75 mm
d ≤ 0,4s, max. 4 mm
L = 100 mm
d ≤ 0,3s, max. 4 mm
l ≤ s, max. 50 mm
d ≤ 0,3s, max. 3 mm
L = 100 mm
d ≤ 0,2s, max. 3 mm
l ≤ s, max. 25 mm
d ≤ 0,2s, max. 2 mm
L = 100 mm
Σl ≤ 25 mm, L = 100 mm
Lack of penetration
Σl ≤ 25 mm, L = 100 mm
Not permitted
Not permitted
(402)
a Acceptance levels 3 and 2 may be specified with suffix X, which denotes that all indications over 25 mm are
unacceptable.
b See Figure C.1 and Figure C.2 (normative).
c See Figure C.3 and Figure C.4 (normative).
d See Figure C.5 and Figure C.6 (normative).
e If the length of the weld is below 100 mm, then the maximum length of indications shall not exceed 25 % of that
weld length.
12e
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
PAGE
38
42
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
Table 5 - Surface imperfections
Acceptance
Type of surface
N° imperfections in accordance
level 3a
with ISO 6520-1
13 Crater cracks (104)
Not permitted
Smooth transition is
14a Undercut, continues and
Required
intermittent (5011, 5012)
t > 3 mm
h ≤ 0,2t, max.1 mm
Acceptance
level 2a
Acceptance
level 1
Not permitted
Smooth transition is
Required
h ≤ 0,1t, max. 0,5 mm
Not permitted
Smooth transition is
Required
h ≤ 0,05t, max. 0,5 mm
Smooth transition is
Required
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,2t
Smooth transition is
Required
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t
Smooth transition is
Required
Not permitted
Smooth transition is
Required
l ≤ 25 mm,
h ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm
Smooth transition is
Required
l ≤ 25 mm,
h ≤ 0,1t, max. 1 mm
Smooth transition is
Required
l ≤ 25 mm,
h ≤ 0,05t, max. 0,5 mm
Smooth transition is
Required
h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1t
Smooth transition is
Required
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t
Smooth transition is
Required
Not permitted
16a Excess penetration (504)
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
h ≤ 1 mm + 0,6 b
h ≤ 1 mm + 0,3 b
h ≤ 1 mm + 0,1 b
16b Excess penetration (504)
t > 3 mm
17 Stray arc (601)
h ≤ 1 mm + 1,0 b,
h ≤ 1 mm + 0,6 b,
max. 5 mm
max. 4 mm
Permitted, if the properties Not permitted
of the parent metal are not
affected.
h ≤ 1 mm + 0,2 b,
max. 3 mm
18
Acceptance depends on application, e.g. material, corrosion protection.
14b Undercut, continues and
intermittent (5011, 5012)
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
15ab Shrinkage groove (root
undercut 5013)
t > 3 mm
15bb Shrinkage groove (root
undercut 5013)
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
Spatter (602)
19a Root concavity (515)
0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ 3 mm
19b Root concavity (515)
s > 3 mm
20 Poor restart (517)
s > 0,5 mm
21ab Sagging (509)
Incompletely filled groove
(511) 0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ 3
mm
(509)
21b Sagging
Incompletely filled groove
(511) s > 3 mm
22a Linear misalignment
(507) 0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ 3 mm
Not permitted
h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1t
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t
Not permitted
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,2t,
max. 2 mm
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤
0,1t, max. 1 mm
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,05t, max.
0,5 mm
Permited,
The limit depends on
the type of imperfection
(voir ISO 5817)
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,25t
Not permitted
Not permitted
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t
Not permitted
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,25t max. 2 l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤
mm
0,1t max. 1 mm
l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,05t max.
0,5 mm
h = 0,2 mm + 0,25t
h = 0,2 mm + 0,15t
h = 0,2 mm + 0,1t
22b Linear misalignment,
h ≤ 0,25t, max. 5 mm
h ≤ 0,15t, max. 4 mm
h ≤ 0,1t, max. 3 mm
longitudinal welds (507)
s > 3 mm
22c Linear misalignment,
circumferential welds (507)
s > 0,5 mm
h ≤ 0,5t, max. 4 mm
h ≤ 0,5t, max. 3 mm
h ≤ 0,5t, max. 2 mm
NOTE The acceptance levels are those specified for visual testing. These defects are normally evaluated by visual testing.
a Acceptance levels 3 and 2 may be specified with suffix X, which denotes that all indications over 25 mm are unacceptable.
b If the length of the weld is below 100mm, then the maximum length of indications shall not exceded 25% of that weld length.
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
39
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
40
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
41
42
PI Ref.CND 0547 Ed. 3
RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING AS PER
NF EN ISO 17636-1 and NF EN ISO 10675-1
RDT-ISG-0002- Ed.1 – 05/07/2018
PAGE
42
42