Phumulani Zwane
1
10/05/22
Contents
Question 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Question 3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
References .................................................................................................................................................... 5
Question 2
Deadlock is the occurrence of where multiple resource holding processes wait for other resources from
other processes, and starvation is what occurs when high priority processes block low priority ones from
executing as a result of their requests having higher importance. (Neekhara, 2019)
According to (Neekhara, 2019) the differences between starvation and deadlock are: in deadlock all
processes are waiting for each other to complete their tasks in starvation only low priority processes are
left waiting for the rest to complete their tasks. Assets in deadlock are being withheld by the processes
themselves with assets being continuously used by high priority processes. Prevention methods art also
different with aging priority used for starvation and for deadlock it’s about preventing its necessary
conditions such as mutual exclusion.
Strategies for dealing with deadlock include (Strategies for Handling Deadlock, 2020): Detection and
Recovery, Ignorance, Prevention and Avoidance.
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Deadlock detection and recovery is about continuously checking for the occurrence of deadlock
in the system, after which we apply appropriate methods to solve the problem.
In Deadlock Ignorance we will have the operating system completely ignore the possibility of
deadlock and carries on regardless.
Deadlock Prevention is all about targeting the very causes of deadlock such Circular Wait, in this
strategy we only need to disrupt one of these causes to clear the deadlock.
Deadlock Avoidance: the O.S is now tasked with verifying the system state upon the completion
of each process. It will then proceed as normal in a safe state however in an unsafe state the
system will backtrack.
According to (Singhal, n.d.) The 4 conditions for deadlock are:
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Mutual exclusion: when one resource is being used by multiple processes, only one of those
processes can use it at a time.
Hold and Wait: Both processes refuse to end thus stay stagnant in their position
No Preemption: the OS doesn’t terminate at least one process so the other can continue.
Circular Wait: When processes arranged in a cycle and the 1st process forces the last process to
wait for resources
Question 3
1. Steps you can take to contribute green computing according to (University of Puget Sound, n.d.):
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Purchase products from environmentally conscious companies such as Dell which has banned
massive exports to developing nations as well as offering reasonable trade-in offers for used
products.
Contributing to electronic recycling by using the various trade-in programs from Apple and Dell
and other companies.
Deployment of virtualization technologies such as virtual servers can reduce the power
requirements of physical servers while improving services.
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Reduce printing and recycling as much paper as possible through using electronic messaging and
uploading documents.
2. Video conferencing is a viable alternative to travel for the following reasons according to (Douglas &
Lubbea):
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Avoiding travel costs since often paying for an employee’s/executives travel fees is often
considered a business expense.
Meeting schedules are more flexible and require less time to organize.
It lessens the company’s carbon footprint
It can be a great time saver, as less time is spent traveling
It leads to better communication overall
3. The value of a green data center is determined by its benefits over the “non-green” alternative. Which
according to (Kirvan, n.d.) include:
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Lower long term costs
Reduced space cost
Lower carbon emissions
Renewability and sustainably
Decreasing electricity cost
Reduced waste output
The value proposition will ultimately depend on the total amount of money saved in the long term. Only
after first comparing the yearly and upfront cost, can the role of green issues then be considered in a
value proposal.
References
Douglas, A., & Lubbea, B. A. (n.d.). The use of ICTs as an alternative to business travel: the scenario in
South Africa. Retrieved from http://agrilife.org: http://agrilife.org/ertr/files/2013/02/20p25f.pdf
Kirvan, P. (n.d.). green data center. Retrieved from techtarget.com:
https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/definition/green-data-center
Neekhara, A. (2019, September 30). Difference between Deadlock and Starvation in OS. Retrieved from
geeksforgeeks: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-deadlock-and-starvation-inos/
Salama, M. (2020, 5 21). Green Computing, a contribution to save the environment. Retrieved from
lancaster.ac.uk: https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/data-science-of-the-naturalenvironment/blogs/green-computing-a-contribution-to-save-theenvironmenthttps://www.lancaster.ac.uk/data-science-of-the-naturalenvironment/blogs/green-computing-a-contribution-to-save-the-environmen
Singhal, A. (n.d.). Deadlock in OS | Conditions for Deadlock. Retrieved from gatevidyalay.com:
https://www.gatevidyalay.com/deadlock-in-os-conditions-for-deadlock/
Strategies for Handling Deadlock. (2020, April 5). Retrieved from utorialandexample.com:
https://www.tutorialandexample.com/strategies-for-handlingdeadlock#:~:text=Every%20time%20Deadlock%20occurs%20at,No%20Preemption%2C%20and%
20Circular%20Wait
University of Puget Sound. (n.d.). GREEN COMPUTING. Retrieved from https://www.pugetsound.edu:
https://www.pugetsound.edu/technology-services/green-computing