TEST BANK
Nursing Research Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice 11th Edition
Polit Beck Test Bank
Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment
What is the highest priority for the
1. importance of research in the nursing
profession?
A)
Research findings provide evidence for
informing nurses' decisions and actions.
B)
Conduct research to better understand the
context of nursing practice.
C)
Document the role that nurses serve in
society.
D)
Establish nursing research areas of study.
2.
Which group would be best served by
clinical nursing research?
A)
Nursing administrators
B)
Practicing nurses
C)
Nurses' clients
D)
Healthcare policymakers
3.
In the United States, in what area does
research play an important role in nursing?
A)
Chronic illness
B)
Credentialing and status
C)
Nurses' personalities
D)
Nurses' education
4.
What is the role of a consumer of nursing
research?
A)
Read research reports for relevant
findings.
B)
Participate in generating evidence by
doing research.
C)
Participate in journal club in a practice
setting.
D)
Solve clinical problems and make clinical
decisions.
5.
What was the concern of most nursing
studies in the early 1900s?
A)
Client satisfaction
B)
Clinical problems
C)
Health promotion
D)
Nursing education
Which topic most closely conforms to the
6. priorities that have been suggested for
future nursing research?
A)
Attitudes of nursing students toward
smoking.
B)
Promotion of excellence in nursing
science.
C)
Nursing staff morale and turnover.
D)
Number of doctorate prepared nurses in
various clinical specialties.
7.
What is the process of deductive
reasoning?
A)
Verifying assumptions that are part of our
heritage.
B)
Developing specific predictions from
general principles.
C)
Empirically testing observations that are
made known through our senses.
D)
Forming generalizations from specific
observations.
8.
What is the ontological assumption of
those espousing a naturalistic paradigm?
A)
Objective reality and those natural
phenomena are regular and orderly.
B)
Phenomena are not haphazard and result
from prior causes.
C)
Reality is multiply constructed and
multiply interpreted by humans.
D)
Reality is not fixed, but is rather a
construction of human minds.
9.
What is the epistemological assumption of
those espousing a positivist paradigm?
A)
The researcher is objective and
independent of those being studied.
B)
Phenomena are not haphazard, but rather
have antecedent causes.
C)
The researcher instructs those being
studied to be objective in providing
information.
Reality is not fixed, but is rather a
construction of human minds.
D)
10.
Which is not a characteristic of traditional
scientific method?
A)
Control over external factors.
B)
Systematic measurement and observation
of natural phenomena.
C)
Deductive reasoning.
D)
Emphasis on a holistic view of a
phenomenon, studied in a rich context.
11. What is empiricism?
A)
Making generalizations from specific
observations.
B)
Deducing specific predictions from
generalizations.
C)
Gathering evidence rooted in reality.
D)
Verifying the assumptions on which the
study was based.
12.
What is a hallmark of the scientific
method?
A)
Infallible
B)
Holistic
C)
Systematic
D)
Flexible
Which of the following limits the power of
13. the scientific method to answer questions
about human life?
A)
The necessity of departing from traditional
beliefs.
B)
The difficulty of accurately measuring
complex human traits.
C)
The inability to control potential biases.
D)
The shortage of theories about human
behavior.
14.
What is a criticism of the scientific
method?
A)
Deductive
B)
Deterministic
C)
Empirical
D)
Reductionist
15.
What is involved in naturalistic qualitative
research?
A)
Involves deductive processes
B)
Takes places in the field.
C)
Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those
being studied.
D)
Attempts to control the research context to
better understand the phenomenon being
studied.
A xresearcher xwants xto xinvestigate xthe
xeffect xof xpatients' xbody xposition xon
16.
xblood xpressure. xThis xis xan xexample xof
xwhat xtype xof xstudy?
A)
Qualitative
B)
Constructivist xinquiry
C)
Quantitative
D)
Researcher xpreference xof xeither
xquantitative xor xqualitative
A xresearcher xis xstudying xthe xeffect
xof xmassage xon xthe xalleviation xof
17.
xpain xin xcancer xpatients. xThis xis xan
xexample xof xwhat xtype xof xstudy?
A)
Descriptive
B)
Exploratory
C)
Applied
D)
Basic
A xresearcher xwants xto xstudy xthe xprocess
xby xwhich xpeople xmake xdecisions
18.
xabout xseeking xtreatment xfor xinfertility.
xWhat xis xthe xresearcher's xparadigmatic
xorientation?
A)
Positivism
B)
Determinism
C)
Empiricism
D)
Naturalism
19.
What xis xthe xcontinuum xof xparticipation xon
xresearch?
A)
Academics xto xpractitioners
B)
Consumers xto xproducers
C)
Journalists xto xeducators
D)
Mentors xto xnovice xnurses
20. What xis xthe xgoal xof xexplanatory
xresearch?
A)
Understand xthe xunderpinnings xof xnatural
xphenomena xand xto xexplain xsystematic
xrelationships xamong xthem.
B)
Begins xwith xthe xphenomenon xof
xinterest, xbut xrather xthan xsimply
xobserving xand xdescribing xit,
xexploratory xresearch xinvestigates xthe
xfull xnature xof xthe xphenomenon, xthe
xmanner xin xwhich xit xis xmanifested, xand
xthe xother xfactors xto xwhich xit xis xrelated.
C)
Study xphenomena xabout xwhich xlittle xis
xknown.
D)
Make xpredictions xand xto xcontrol
xphenomena xbased xon xresearch
xfindings.
Answer xKey
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. D
11. C
12. C
13. B
14. D
15. B
16. B
17. C
18. D
19. B
20. A
Chapter x2 xEvidence-Based xNursing: xTranslating xResearch xEvidence xinto xPractice
Research xutilization xbegins xwith
xempirical xfindings xfor xconsideration xin
1.
xpractice xsettings. xWhere xdoes
xevidence-based xpractice xbegin?
A)
Integration xof xclinical xjudgments
xwith xresearch xevidence
B)
A xdesire xto xabandon xdecisions xbased xon
xcustom xand xauthority xopinion
C)
D)
A xsearch xfor xthe xbest xpossible
xinformation xfor xaddressing xa xclinical
xproblem
A xcritique xof xexisting xpractices
2. What xis xindirect xresearch xutilization?
A)
Involves xchanges xin xnurses' xthinking
B)
Involves xthe xdirect xuse xof xfindings
xin xgiving xpatient xcare
C)
D)
Involves xuse xof xfindings xto xpersuade
xothers
Involves xchanges xin xpatient
xthinking xtoward xnurses
The xstudent xnurse xis xconstructing xa
xpresentation xon xevidence-based
3. xpractice. xWhich xstatement xshould xbe
xincluded xin xthe xintroduction xabout
xevidence-based xpractice?
A)
Conscientious xintegration xof xcurrent
xbest xevidence xwith xclinical xexpertise
B)
Utilization xof xnursing xpreferences
xin xmaking xclinical xdecisions
C)
Theoretical xproblem-solving xstrategy
D)
Emphasis xon xdecision xmaking xbased xon
xcustom
Evidence-based xpractice xtypically xinvolves
xweighing xvarious xtypes xof xevidence xin
4. xan xeffort xto xdetermine xbest xevidence.
xMost xevidence xhierarchies xput xwhich
xsystematic xreview xat xthe xpinnacle?
A)
Randomized xcontrolled xtrials
B)
Program xevaluations
C)
Clinical xpractice xguidelines
D)
Meta-analyses xof xmultiple xclinical xtrials
The xterms xresearch xutilization xand
xevidence-based xpractice xare xsometimes
5. xused xsynonymously. xThe xtwo xconcepts
xare xdistinct. xWhere xdoes xresearch
xutilization xstart?
A)
Uses xfindings xof xa xstudy xthat xare xrelated
xto xthe xprevious xresearch xof xthe xtopic.
B)
Emphasis xis xon xtranslating xhistorical
xknowledge xinto xreal-world xapplications.
C)
Use xof xa xset xof xstudies xin xa
xpractical xapplication xunrelated xto
xthe xoriginal xresearch.
D)
Critique xof xexisting xpractical
xapplications xunrelated xto xhistorical
xresearch.
Which xactivity xwill xlimit xresearchers xto
6. ximprove xthe xprospect xfor xevidence-based
xpractice xand xresearch xutilization?
A)
Conducting xhigh-quality, xmethodologically
xsound xstudies
B)
Disseminating xresults xto xa xbroad
xaudience
Providing xperiodical xavailable xsupports
xduring xregular xwork xhours
C)
Discussing xthe xclinical ximplications xof
xtheir xstudy xresults xin xtheir xresearch
xreports
D)
7.
Which xis xnot xa xmajor xbarrier xto xevidencexbased xpractice xin xnursing?
A)
The xfact xthat xmany xclinical xnurses xare
xnot xacademically xprepared xto xcritically
xevaluate xnursing xresearch xstudies
B)
The xsupport xof xorganizations xthat
xreward
xnurses
xwho
xengage
xin
xresearch xutilization xefforts
C)
D)
The xlow xnumber xof xreplication xof xnursing
xstudies xthat xshow xpromise xfor
xutilization
The xabsence xof xquality, xclinically xrelevant
xnursing xstudies
There xare xseveral xresources xto
8. xsupport xevidence-based xpractice.
xWhat xare xcare xbundles?
A)
Rigorous xintegrations xof xresearch
xevidence xfrom xmultiple xstudies xof xa
xtopic
B)
Evidence-based xclinical xpractice
xguidelines xthat xcombine xa xsynthesis
xand xappraisal xof xresearch xevidence
C)
Set xof xinterventions xto xtreat xor xprevent xa
xcluster xof xsymptoms
D)
Meta-analysis xor xquantitative xmethods
xthat xintegrate xfindings xstatistically
There xare xseveral xresources xto
9. xsupport xevidence-based xpractice.
xWhat xis xmetasynthesis?
A)
Qualitative, xnarrative xapproach xto
xintegration xof xa xstudy
B)
Quantitative xmethod xthat xintegrate
xfindings xstatistically
C)
D)
Synthesis xand xappraisal xof xresearch
xevidence xwith xspecific
xrecommendations
Set xof xinterventions xto xtreat xor xprevent xa
xcluster xof xsymptoms
Several xmodels xof xevidence-based
xpractice xhave xbeen xdeveloped. xWhich
10.
xmodel xfocuses xon xthe xuse xof xresearch
xfrom xthe xperspective xof xindividual
xclinicians?
A)
ARCC xModel
B)
Clinical xNurse xScholar xModel
C)
Iowa xModel
D)
Stetler xModel
A xRN xis xputting xresearch xinto
11. xpractice. xWhat xstep xof xthe xprocess xis
xinvolved xwith xthe xvalidity xof xstudy
xfindings?
A)
Framing xan xanswerable xclinical xquestion
B)
Searching xfor xrelevant xresearch xevidence
C)
Appraising xthe xevidence
D)
Integrating xevidence xwith xother xfactors
A xstudent xnurse xis xtrying xto xfind xout
12. xwhat xa xmixed xmethods xsynthesis xis.
xWhat xis xa xmixed xmethods xsynthesis?
A)
Integrate xand xsynthesize xboth
xquantitative xand xqualitative xevidence.
B)
Integrate xquantitative xevidence.
C)
Integrate xand xsynthesize xqualitative
xevidence.
D)
Integrate xqualitative xevidence.
Systematic xreviews xare xpublished xin
xprofessional xjournals. xWhich xdatabase
13.
xcontains xthousands xof xsystematic
xreviews xrelated xto xhealthcare
xinterventions?
A)
Cochrane xDatabase xof xSystematic
xReviews
B)
Campbell xCollaboration
C)
Agency xfor xHealthcare xResearch
xand xQuality
D)
Joanna xBriggs xInstitute
Clinical xpractice xguidelines xdistill xa
xlarge xbody xof xevidence xinto xa
14.
xmanageable xform. xWhich xdescribes
xclinical xpractice xguidelines?
A)
Give xgeneral xrecommendations
xfor xevidence-based xdecision
xmaking.
B)
Address xall xof xthe xissues xrelevant xto xa
xclinical xdecision.
C)
Guide xclinical xpractice xwhen xthere xare xa
xnumber xof xpublished xarticles.
D)
Completed xby xresearchers.
Which xreference xis xa xcomprehensive
xreference xresource xthat xprovides xan
xarray xof xclinical xinformation xfor
15.
xnurses, xincluding xevidence-based xcare
xsheets, xbest xpractice xguidelines, xand
xpoint-of-care xdrug xinformation?
A)
Clinical xEvidence
B)
Evidence-based x Nursing
C)
Worldviews xon xEvidence xBased xNursing
D)
Nursing xReference xCenter
Evidence-based xpractice xwriters
xdistinguish xbetween xbackground
16.
xand xforeground xquestions. xWhat
xis xa xbackground xquestion?
A)
Based xon xcurrent xbest xresearch xevidence.
B)
Specific, xdetailed xquestions xabout
xa xclinical xproblem.
C)
General, xfoundational xquestions xabout
xa xclinical xissue.
D)
Questions xlocated xon xwebsites.
Fineout-Overholt xand xJohnston
xrecommended xa x5-component xscheme xfor
xformulating xevidence-based xpractice
17.
xquestions, xusing xthe xacronym xPICOT xas
xa xguide. xWhich xtwo xcomponents xare
xnot xalways xneeded xin xthis xmodel?
A)
P xand xC
B)
I xand xO
C)
C xand xT
D)
P xand xO
A xnurse xis xputting xresearch xinto xpractice.
18. xWhat xis xthe xfirst xstep xthat xshould xbe
xconsidered xin xthe xprocess?
A)
Framing xan xanswerable xclinical xquestion
B)
Searching xfor xrelevant xresearch xevidence
C)
Appraising xand xsynthesizing xthe xevidence
D)
Integrating xevidence xwith xother xfactors
19.
Which xoccurs xwith xindividual
xevidence- xbased xpractice xefforts?
A)
Tend xto xbe xless xformalized xapproach xthan
xorganizational xevidence-based xpractice.
B)
Must xtake xorganizational xfactors
xinto xaccount.
C)
Must xtake xinterpersonal xfactors
xinto xaccount.
D)
Triggers xfor xan xindividual xproject xinclude
xpressing xclinical xproblems.
Appraisal xof xGuidelines xResearch xand
20. xEvaluation x(AGREE) xInstrument
xconsists xof xratings xof xquality xon xwhat
xtype xof xscale?
A)
4-point xscale
B)
5-point xscale
C)
6-point xscale
D)
7-point xscale
Answer xKey
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. A
19. A
20. A
Chapter x3 xKey xConcepts xand xSteps xin xQualitative xand xQuantitative xResearch
A xpediatric xRN xundertakes xa xstudy xof
xthe xeffect xof xlow xbirth xweight xon
xinfants' xcognitive xdevelopment. xA
xdevelopmental xpsychologist
1. xcollaborates xon xthe xstudy. xA xsecond
xRN xhelps xby xrecruiting xfamilies xinto
xthe xstudy. xA xgraduate xstudent xis xasked
xto xgive xstatistical xadvice xin xanalyzing
xthe xdata. xThis xis xan xexample xof xwhat
xtype xof xstudy?
A)
Multisite xresearch
B)
Qualitative xresearch
C)
Funded xresearch
D)
Collaborative xresearch
Which xterm xis xnot xused xby xqualitative
2. xresearchers xto xrefer xto xpeople xwho
xparticipate xin xa xstudy?
A)
Informants
B)
Key xinformants
C)
Study xparticipants
D)
Subjects
Which xterm xis xused xby xboth xqualitative
3. xand xquantitative xresearchers xto xrefer xto
xthe xabstractions xunder xstudy?
A)
Concept
B)
Construct
C)
Phenomenon
D)
Variable
The xRN xis xreading xa xresearch xarticle.
4. xThe xarticle xtalks xabout xconstructs.
xWhich xwould xmost xlikely xbe xcalled xa
xconstruct?
A)
Gender
B)
Body xtemperature
C)
Uncertainty xin xillness
D)
Blood xtype
What xis xthe xdependent xvariable(s) xin xthe
xresearch xquestion x“Is xthe xquality xof xlife
5.
xof xnursing xhome xresidents xaffected xby
xtheir xfunctional xability xor xhearing
xacuity”?
A)
Quality xof xlife
B)
Functional xability
C)
Hearing xacuity
D)
Nursing xhome xresidents
What xis xthe xindependent xvariable xin
xthe xhypothesis x“Baccalaureate xdegree
xprepared xnurses xwill xpractice xmore
6.
xrehabilitative xnursing xmeasures xon xa
xclient xin xan xICU xthan xwill xassociate
xdegree xprepared xnurses”?
A)
Associate xdegree xprepared xnurses
B)
Baccalaureate xdegree xprepared xnurses
C)
Rehabilitative xnursing xmeasures
D)
Type xof xeducational xbackground xof
xnurses
7.
What xis xthe xpurpose xof xan xoperational
xdefinition xin xa xquantitative xstudy?
A)
State xthe xtheoretical xmeaning xof
xthe xconcept.
B)
Specify xhow xa xvariable xwill xbe xdefined
xand xmeasured.
C)
D)
State xthe xexpected xrelationship
xbetween xthe xvariables xunder
xinvestigation.
Designate xthe xconceptual xunderpinnings
xof xthe xvariable.
Which xis xa xdatum xfrom xa xquantitative
8. xstudy xof xthe xlabor xand xdelivery
xexperiences xof xwomen xover xage x40?
A)
Length xof xtime xin xlabor
B)
107 xounces
C)
Infant's xApgar xscore
D)
Vaginal xversus xcesarean xdelivery
Which xis xa xdatum xfrom xa xqualitative
9. xresearch xstudy xon xthe xlabor xand xdelivery
xexperiences xof xwomen xover xage x40?
A)
14.6 xhours xin xlabor
B)
60-minute xinterviews x1 xday xafter xdelivery
C)
“It xwas xa xlot xmore xpainful xthan xI xever
ximagined.”
D)
15 xwomen xwith xa xvaginal xdelivery
Which xpair xof xvariables xis xthere
10. xmost xlikely xto xbe xa xrelationship xthat
xcould xbe xdescribed xas xcausal?
A)
Degree xof xphysical xactivity xand xheart
xrate
B)
Stress xand xcoping xstyle
C)
Age xand xhealth xbeliefs
D)
Parity xand xpostpartum xdepression
11.
What xis xthe xbasic xdistinction xin
xquantitative xstudies?
A)
Quantitative xand xqualitative xresearch
B)
Empirical xand xnonempirical xresearch
C)
Experimental xand xnonexperimental
xresearch
D)
Population-based xand xsample-based
xresearch
12.
Which xis xwidely xused xby xquantitative
xnurse xresearchers?
A)
Ask xresearch xquestions
B)
Phenomenological
C)
Ethnographic
D)
Grounded xtheory
What xis xthe xresearch xtradition xthat
13. xfocuses xon xunderstanding xphenomena
xwithin xa xcultural xcontext?
A)
Experimental
B)
Phenomenological
C)
Ethnographic
D)
Grounded xtheory
What xis xthe xresearch xtradition xthat
14. xis xan xapproach xto xunderstanding
xpeople's xlife xexperiences?
A)
Experimental
B)
Phenomenological
C)
Ethnographic
D)
Grounded xtheory
What xis xthe xstatement xof xthe xresearcher's
15. xexpectations xor xpredictions xabout
xrelationships xamong xstudy xvariables?
A)
Hypothesis
B)
Framework
C)
Research xquestion
D)
Conceptual xdefinition
16.
What xis xthe xoverall xplan xfor xanswering
xthe xresearch xquestion?
A)
Sampling xplan
B)
Proposal
C)
Problem xstatement
D)
Research xdesign
What xis xthe xaggregate xof xthose xto
17. xwhom xa xresearcher xwishes xto
xgeneralize xstudy xresults xcalled?
A)
Gate xkeepers
B)
Population
C)
Sample
D)
Consumers
18.
What xis xthe xresearch xdesign xin xqualitative
xstudies xcalled?
A)
Experimental
B)
Narrative
C)
Interpretive
D)
Emergent
19.
Where xare xregistered xnurses xmost xlikely
xto xfind xresearch xresults?
A)
Conference xpresentations
B)
Journal xarticles
C)
Books
D)
Dissertations
20.
What xis xincluded xin xthe xmethods xsection
xof xa xstudy?
A)
Review xof xthe xliterature.
B)
Names xof xthe xstatistical xtests xthat xare
xgoing xto xbe xused.
C)
Strategies xused xto xaddress xthe xproblem.
D)
Discussion xincluding xrecommendations
xfor xthe xresearch.
Answer xKey
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. A
16. D
17. B
18. D
19. B
20. C
Chapter x4 xResearch xProblems, xResearch xQuestions, xand xHypotheses
1. What xis xa xresearch xproblem?
A)
Situation xinvolving xan xenigmatic
xor xdisturbing xsituation xamenable
xto xdisciplined xinquiry
B)
C)
D)
Articulation xof xthe xproblem xand
xdescription xof xthe xneed xfor xa xstudy
xthrough xthe xdevelopment xof xan
xargument
Specific xqueries xresearchers xwant
xto xanswer xin xaddressing xthe
xproblem
Specific xaccomplishments xthat xwill
xbe xachieved xby xconducting xthe
xstudy
The xnature xof xthe xresearch xquestion xis
xclosely xallied xto xparadigms. xWhat xis xthe
2.
xfocus xof xresearch xquestions xfor xa
xquantitative xstudy?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Undertaken xbecause xsome xaspect xof xa
xphenomenon xis xpoorly xunderstood
Developed xwithin xa xrich xand
xcontext xbound xunderstanding xof
xthe xproblem
Initiated xto xheighten xawareness xand
xcreate xa xdialogue xabout xa
xphenomenon
Identified xmajor xvariables xin xthe xstudy
xand xpopulations xunder xinvestigation
xare xpresent.
Which xis xcorrect xabout xthe xresearch
xquestion x“What xis xthe xdecision
3.
making
xprocess xamong xintensive xcare xunit
xnurses xwho xdecide xto xassist xterminally
xill xpatients xto xdie?”
A)
Most xlikely xto xbe xaddressed xusing xa
xquantitative xapproach
B)
Most xlikely xto xbe xaddressed xusing xa
xqualitative xapproach
C)
Not xresearchable
D)
Not xappropriately xworded
4.
Where xis xthe xnurse xlikely xto xhave
xdifficulty xgetting xan xidea xfor xresearch
xproblems?
A)
Theories xof xconceptual xframeworks
B)
Clinical xexperience
C)
Nursing xcode xof xethics
D)
Nursing xliterature
5.
Which xis xnot xconsidered xin
xdetermining xthe xfeasibility xof xa
xresearch xquestion?
A)
Cooperation xof xparticipants
B)
Ethical xconcerns
C)
Relevant xtheories
D)
Researcher xexperience
Researchers xcommunicate xtheir xaims
xas xproblem xstatements, xstatements
6.
xof xpurpose, xresearch xquestions, xor
xhypotheses. xWhat xare xhypotheses?
A)
Essential xto xthe xconduct xof xrespectable
xscientific xenquiry
B)
Needed xonly xwhen xthere xis xan xexplicit
xtheoretical xframework
C)
Useful xin xgiving xdirection xto xquantitative
xstudies
D)
Not xappropriate xfor xmany xnursing
xresearch xstudies
“Women xwho xjog xregularly xare xmore
xlikely xto xhave xamenorrhea xthan xthose
7.
xwho xdo xnot xjog xregularly” xis xan
xexample xof xwhat xtype xof xhypothesis?
A)
Null
B)
Not xcorrected xstated
C)
Directional
D)
Nondirectional
8. What xis xa xmoderator xvariable?
A)
Affect xthe xstrength xor xdirection xof
xa xrelationship xbetween
xindependent xvariables
B)
Affect xthe xstrength xor xdirection xof xa
xrelationship xbetween xthe xindependent xand
xdependent xvariables
C)
Intervene xbetween xthe xindependent xand
xdependent xvariable
D)
Help xto xexplain xwhy xthe xrelationship
xexists
9. What xis xa xcomplex xhypothesis?
A)
Predicted xrelationship xbetween xone
xindependent xvariable xand xone xdependent
xvariable
B)
Predicted xdirection xof xthe xrelationship
C)
Anticipated xexistence xof xrelationships,
xnot xtheir xdirection
D)
Anticipated xrelationship xbetween xtwo
xindependent xvariables xand xtwo xdependent
xvariables
What xis xthe xtype xof xhypothesis xfor x“a
10. xperson's xemotional xstatus xis xnot xaffected
xby xrelocation xto xa xnursing xhome”?
A)
Directional
B)
Nondirectional
C)
Research
D)
Null
Researchers xcommunicate xtheir xaims
xas xproblem xstatements, xstatements
11. xof xpurpose, xresearch xquestions, xor
xhypotheses. xWhat xis xthe xstatement
xof xpurpose?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Summarizes xthe xoverall xstudy xgoal.
Specific xquery xresearchers xwant xto
xanswer xin xaddressing xthe xresearch
xproblem.
Articulate xthe xnature, xcontext,
xand xsignificance xof xthe
xproblem.
Statement xof xpredicted
xrelationships xbetween xtwo xor
xmore xvariables.
The xregistered xnurse xknows xthat xwhich xis
12. xcorrect xabout xhypotheses xin xresearch
xreports?
A)
Hypotheses xderived xfrom xtheory xare
xgenerally xnondirectional xin xwording.
B)
Hypotheses xare xmore xabstract xthan
xpurpose xstatements.
C)
Qualitative xresearch xproceeds xwith
xhypotheses.
D)
Hypotheses xmust xexpress xthe xexpected
xrelationship xamong xat xleast xthree
xvariables.
Researchers xcommunicate xtheir xaims xas
xproblem xstatements, xstatements xof
xpurpose, xresearch xquestions, xor
13.
xhypotheses. xWhat xdoes x“subjects
xreceiving xantiemetic xtherapy xby xa
xpatient xcontrolled xpump xwill xbe xless
xnauseous” xrepresent?
A)
Hypothesis
B)
Problem xstatement
C)
Statement xof xpurpose
D)
Research xquestion
What xtype xof xhypothesis xis xrepresented
xby xthe xstatement x“the xfewer xsocial
14.
xsupports xan xelderly xperson xhas, xthe
xmore xlikely xthe xindividual xwill xbe
xinstitutionalized.”?
A)
Directional
B)
Nondirectional
C)
Research
D)
Null
What xtype xof xhypothesis xis xrepresented
xby xthe xstatement x“women xwho xsmoke
15.
xare xas xlikely xto xhave xlow-birthweight xbabies xas xwomen xwho xdo
xnot”?
A)
Directional
B)
Nondirectional
C)
Research
D)
Null
16.
What xintervenes xbetween xthe xindependent
xand xdependent xvariable?
A)
Moderator xvariable
B)
Mediating xvariable
C)
Hypothesis
D)
Simple xhypothesis
Researchers xcommunicate xtheir xaims xas
xproblem xstatements, xstatements xof
xpurpose, xresearch xquestions, xor
xhypotheses. xWhat xdoes xthe xfollowing
xstatement xrepresent, x“Nausea xand
17. xvomiting xare xcommon xside xeffects
xamong xpatients xon xchemotherapy, xand
xinterventions xto xdate xhave xbeen xonly
xmoderately xsuccessful xin xreducing
xthese xeffects? xNew xinterventions xthat
xcan xreduce xor xprevent xthese xside
xeffects xneed xto xbe xidentified.”
A)
Hypothesis
B)
Problem xstatement
C)
Statement xof xpurpose
D)
Research xquestion
Not xall xproblems xare xamendable xto
18. xresearch xinquiry. xWhich xquestion
xcannot xbe xresearched?
A)
Should xvoluntary xtubal xligations xbe
xperformed xon xwomen xwithout
xchildren?
B)
What xare xnurses' xattitudes
xtoward xvoluntary xtubal
xligations?
C)
What xmoral xdilemmas xare xperceived xby
xnurses xwho xmight xbe xinvolved xin
xassisted xsuicide?
D)
Do xterminally xill xpatients xliving xwith
xhigh xlevels xof xpain xhold xmore
xfavorable xattitudes xtoward xassisted
xsuicide xthan xthose xwith xless xpain?
19. What xis xa xnondirectional xhypothesis?
A)
Predicted xrelationship xbetween xone
xindependent xvariable xand xone xdependent
xvariable
B)
Predicted xdirection xof xthe xrelationship
C)
Anticipated xexistence xof xrelationships,
xnot xtheir xdirection
D)
Anticipated xrelationship xbetween xtwo
xindependent xvariables xand xtwo xdependent
xvariables
20. What xis xa xsimple xhypothesis?
A)
Predicted xrelationship xbetween xone
xindependent xvariable xand xone xdependent
xvariable
B)
Predicted xdirection xof xthe xrelationship
C)
Anticipated xexistence xof xrelationships,
xnot xtheir xdirection
D)
Anticipated xrelationship xbetween xtwo
xindependent xvariables xand xtwo xdependent
xvariables
Answer xKey
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. D
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. A
15. D
16. B
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. A
Chapter x5 xLiterature xReviews: xFinding xand xCritiquing xEvidence
Which xelectronic xdatabase xis xwidely
xrecognized xas xthe xpremier xsource xfor
1.
xbibliographic xcoverage xof xthe xbiomedical
xliterature?
A)
CINAHL
B)
Health xSource: xNursing/Academic xEdition
C)
ProQuest
D)
MEDLINE
The xRN xis xdoing xa xbasic xsearch xof
xarticles xon xnurses' xstress xin xthe xICU. xIn
2. xconducting xa xsubject xsearch xin xan
xelectronic xdatabase, xwhat xshould xthe
xnurse xtype xto xinitiate xthe xsearch?
A)
An xauthor's xname
B)
Restrictions xto xthe xsearch
C)
A xtopic xor xkeyword
D)
A xmapping xprocedure
In xan xelectronic xliterature xsearch, xwhat
xis xthe xresearcher xdoing xwhen xshe
3.
xdoes xnot xknow xthe xprecise xkeywords
xfor xretrieving xinformation xon xa xtopic?
A)
Mapping
B)
Searching
C)
Restricting xfocus
D)
Copying
4.
What xis xa xprimary xsource xfor xa xresearch
xliterature xreview?
A)
A xdescription xof xa xstudy xwritten xby
xresearchers xwho xdid xthe xstudy
B)
A xsummary xof xrelevant xresearch xon
xthe xtopic xof xinterest
C)
A xthesaurus xthat xdirects xreaders xto xsubject
xheadings xgermane xto xthe xtopic
D)
Any xjournal xarticle xon xa xtopic xof xinterest
There xare xseveral xstrategies xfor
5. xfinding xstudies xon xa xtopic. xWhat xis
xthe xancestry xapproach?
A)
Search xfor xarticles xthat xsummarize xprior
xresearch.
B)
Read xthe xaccompanying xabstract xto
xdetermine xwhether xthe xarticle xis
xpertinent xto xthe xtopic.
C)
Tracking xdown xearlier xstudies xcited xin xa
xreference xlist xof xa xreport.
D)
Using xa xpivotal xstudy xto xsearch xforward
xto xsubsequent xstudies xthat xcited xit.
There xare xseveral xstrategies xfor
6. xfinding xstudies xon xa xtopic. xWhat xis
xthe xdescendancy xapproach?
A)
Search xfor xarticles xthat xsummarize xprior
xresearch.
B)
Read xthe xaccompanying xabstract xto
xdetermine xwhether xthe xarticle xis
xpertinent xto xthe xtopic.
C)
Track xdown xearlier xstudies xcited xin xa
xreference xlist xof xa xreport.
D)
Use xa xpivotal xstudy xto xsearch xforward xto
xsubsequent xstudies xthat xcited xit.
7.
What xis xa xsecondary xsource xfor xa xresearch
xliterature xreview?
A)
A xdescription xof xa xstudy xwritten xby
xresearchers xwho xdid xthe xstudy
B)
A xsummary xof xrelevant xresearch xon
xthe xtopic xof xinterest
C)
A xthesaurus xthat xdirects xreaders xto xsubject
xheadings xgermane xto xthe xtopic
D)
A xdescription xof xthe xstudy xby xan
xindividual xunconnected xwith xit
The xnurse xis xconducting xa xliterature
8. xreview. xWhich xwill xnot xassist xthe
xnurse xwhen xconducting xa xliterature
xreview?
A)
B)
One xmajor xpurpose xof xa xliterature xreview
xis xto xlearn xwhat xresearch xhas xalready
xbeen xdone xin xthe xarea.
A xtext xword xsearch xallows xsearchers
xto xlook xfor xspecific xwords xin xall xtest
xfields xof xrecords xin xthe xelectronic
xdatabase.
C)
The xliterature xreview xsection xshould
xconclude xwith xa xcritical xevaluation xof
xknowledge xon xthe xproblem xof xinterest.
D)
Information xfrom xanecdotal xand
xopinion xarticles xis xusually xincluded
xin xresearch xliterature.
There xare xseveral xmajor xsteps xin
9. xpreparing xa xwritten xresearch xreview.
xWhat xis xthe xfirst xstep?
A)
Formulating xa xquestion
B)
Devising xa xsearch xstrategy
C)
Conducting xa xsearch
D)
Retrieving xrelevant xsources
When xdoing xa xliterature xreview, xwhat
xtype xof xinformation xwill xa xresearcher
10.
xundertaking xa xnew xstudy xfind xas xan
xundesirable xattribute?
A)
Available xresearch xfindings
B)
Descriptions xof xan xexpert's xopinions xabout
xthe xphenomenon
C)
How xthe xvariables xof xinterest xhave xbeen
xoperationally xdefined xin xprior xstudies
D)
What xresearch xapproaches xhave xbeen
xused xto xstudy xsimilar xproblems
Qualitative xresearchers xhave xvarying
xopinions xabout xreviewing xthe xliterature
xbefore xdoing xa xnew xstudy. xWhat
11.
xgroup xof xresearchers xis xrepresented
xwhen xcollection xof xdata xoccurs xbefore
xreviewing xthe xliterature?
A)
Grounded xtheory xresearchers
B)
Phenomenologists
C)
Ethnographogists
D)
Grounded xtheory xresearchers xand
xphenomenologist
Qualitative xresearchers xhave xvarying
xopinions xabout xreviewing xthe xliterature
12. xbefore xdoing xa xnew xstudy. xWhat xgroup
xof xresearchers xoften xundertakes xa xsearch
xfor xrelevant xmaterials xat xthe xonset xof xa
xstudy?
A)
Grounded xtheory xresearchers
B)
Phenomenologists
C)
Ethnographogists
D)
Grounded xtheory xresearchers xand
xphenomenologist
Qualitative xresearchers xhave xvarying
xopinions xabout xreviewing xthe xliterature
xbefore xdoing xa xnew xstudy. xWhat xgroup
13. xof xresearchers xdoes xa xmore xthorough
xliterature xreview xduring xdata xanalysis
xand xinterpretation xso xthat xfindings xcan
xbe xcompared xwith xprevious xfindings?
A)
Grounded xtheory xresearchers
B)
Phenomenologists
C)
Ethnographogists
D)
Grounded xtheory xresearchers xand
xphenomenologist
Matrices xare xa xconvenient xmeans xof
xabstracting xand xorganizing xinformation
14.
xfor xa xliterature xreview. xHow xmany
xdimension xarrays xare xpresent?
A)
Two
B)
Three
C)
Four
D)
Five
Matrices xare xa xconvenient xmeans xof
xabstracting xand xorganizing xinformation
15.
xfor xa xliterature xreview. xWhen xwould xa
xreviewer xuse xan xevaluation xmatrix?
A)
Record xmethodological xfeatures xof xa xset
xof xstudies.
B)
Record xresearch xfindings.
C)
Record xquality xassessment xinformation.
D)
Facilitate xthematic xanalysis xof xthe
xretrieved xinformation.
Matrices xare xa xconvenient xmeans xof
xabstracting xand xorganizing xinformation
16.
xfor xa xliterature xreview. xWhen xwould xa
xreviewer xuse xa xresults xmatrix?
A)
Record xmethodological xfeatures xof xa xset
xof xstudies.
B)
Record xresearch xfindings.
C)
Record xquality xassessment xinformation.
D)
Facilitate xthematic xanalysis xof xthe
xretrieved xinformation.
Written xliterature xreviews xare
xundertaken xfor xmany xdifferent
xpurposes. xIn xa xquantitative xresearch
17.
xreport, xwhat xsection xof xthe xreport
xwould xa xreview xof xprior xresearch xon
xthe xproblem xunder xstudy xbe xlocated?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Written xliterature xreviews xare
xundertaken xfor xmany xdifferent
18.
xpurposes. xIn xa xresearch xreport, xwhat
xsection xof xthe xreport xwould xlimitations
xof xthe xstudy xbe xlocated?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Written xliterature xreviews xare
xundertaken xfor xmany xdifferent
19. xpurposes. xIn xa xqualitative xresearch
xreport, xwhat xsection xof xthe xreport
xwould xthe xthematic xanalysis xof xthe
xdata xbe xpresented?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Some xfeatures xof xan xelectronic xsearch xare
20. xsimilar xacross xdatabases. xWhich xis xan
xexample xof xa xwildcard xsymbol?
A)
And
B)
Not
C)
Or
D)
Question xmark
Answer xKey
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. D
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. D
Chapter x6 xTheoretical xFrameworks
1.
What xis xa xbroad xabstract
xcharacterization xof xphenomena?
A)
Theory
B)
Descriptive xtheory
C)
Grand xtheory
D)
Middle-range xtheories
2.
The xpower xof xtheories xlies xin xthe xability
xto xdo xwhat?
Capture xthe xcomplexity xof xhuman
xnature xby xthe xrichness xof xthe
xoperational xdefinitions xassociated
xwith xthe xvariables.
A)
B)
Minimize xthe xnumber xof xwords
xrequired xto xexplain xphenomena xand,
xthereby, xeliminate xsemantic xproblems.
C)
Prove xconclusively xthat xrelationships
xexist xamong xthe xphenomena xstudied.
D)
Specify xthe xnature xof xthe xrelationships
xthat xexist xamong xphenomena xand xoffer
xexplanations.
3.
What xthoroughly xdescribes xa
xphenomenon?
A)
Theory
B)
Descriptive xtheory
C)
Grand xtheory
D)
Middle-range xtheories
4.
What xattempt xto xdescribe xlarge
xsegments xof xthe xhuman xexperience?
A)
Theory
B)
Descriptive xtheory
C)
Grand xtheory
D)
Middle-range xtheories
5. What xare xthe xbuilding xblocks xof xtheory?
A)
Propositions
B)
Relationships
C)
Hypotheses
D)
Concepts
6.
What xis xthe xmajor xsimilarity xbetween
xtheories xand xconceptual xmodels?
A)
Use xconcepts xas xtheir xbuilding xblocks.
B)
Use xthe xdeductive xreasoning
xprocess xalmost xexclusively.
C)
Contain xa xset xof xlogically xinterrelated
xpropositions.
D)
Provide xa xmechanism xfor xdeveloping
xnew xpropositions xfrom xthe xoriginal
xpropositions.
7. What xare xconceptual xmaps?
A)
Stimulate xnew xresearch xwith xthe xuse xof xa
xschematic xmodel.
B)
Explain xphenomena xand xrelationships
xamong xthem xwith xa xmap.
C)
Map xthe xintegration xof xknowledge xinto
xcoherent xsystems xto xexplain xthe xkey
xrelationships xthat xexist.
Graphic, xtheory-driven xrepresentations xof
xphenomena xand xtheir xrelationships xusing
xsymbols xor xdiagrams xand xa xminimal xuse
xof xwords.
D)
8.
Which xmodel xexplains xand xpredicts
xthe xhealth xpromotion xcomponent xof
xlifestyle?
A)
Adaptation xModel
B)
Conservation xModel
C)
Health xPromotion xModel
D)
Self-Care xModel
Several xconceptual xmodels xand xgrand
xtheories xof xnursing xhave xbeen
9.
xdeveloped. xWhich xconcept xis xnot xcentral
xto xmodels xfor xnursing?
A)
Human xbeings
B)
Environment
C)
Health
D)
Social xsupport
Which xmodel xfinds xhumans xas
10. xadaptive xsystems xthat xcope xwith
xchange xthrough xadaptation?
A)
Adaptation xModel
B)
Conservation xModel
C)
Health xPromotion xModel
D)
Self-Care xModel
11.
Whose xmajor xconceptual xmodel xof
xnursing xis xused xby xresearchers?
A)
Rogers' xScience xof xUnitary xHuman
xBeings
B)
Bandura's xSocial xCognitive xTheory
C)
Watson's xTheory xof xCaring
D)
Rizzo's xTheory xof xHuman xBecoming
12.
Which xis xan xexample xof xa
xborrowed xtheory?
A)
Rogers' xScience xof xUnitary xHuman
xBeings
B)
Bandura's xSocial xCognitive xTheory
C)
Watson's xTheory xof xCaring
D)
Rizzo's xTheory xof xHuman xBecoming
13. What xdid xthe xnurse xtheorist xRoy
xdevelop?
A)
Adaptation xModel
B)
Theory xof xCaring
C)
Science xof xUnitary xHuman xBeings
D)
Health xCare xSystems xModel
14.
What xdid xthe xnurse xtheorist xNeuman
xdevelop?
A)
Adaptation xModel
B)
Theory xof xCaring
C)
Science xof xUnitary xHuman xBeings
D)
Health xCare xSystems xModel
15.
Which xtype xof xtheory xis xoften xa
xprecursor xto xpredictive xtheories?
A)
Explanatory xtheory
B)
Grand xtheory
C)
Middle-range xtheory
D)
Situation-specific x theory
16.
What xis xan xexample xof xa xnursing
xtheory xthat xhas xbeen xdescribed xas xa
xgrand xtheory?
A)
Adaptation xModel
B)
Theory xof xCaring
C)
Science xof xUnitary xHuman xBeings
D)
Theory xof xHuman xBecoming
Theories xdiffer xin xtheir xlevel xof xgenerality
xand xabstraction. xWhat xtype xof xtheory
17.
xpurports xto xdescribe xand xexplain xlarge
xsegments xof xthe xhuman xexperience?
A)
Explanatory xtheory
B)
Grand xtheory
C)
Middle-range xtheory
D)
Situation-specific x theory
Theories xdiffer xin xtheir xlevel xof xgenerality
xand xabstraction. xWhat xtype xof xtheory
18. xattempts xto xexplain xsuch xphenomena xas
xdecision xmaking, xstress, xcomfort, xhealth
xpromotion, xand xunpleasant xsymptoms?
A)
Explanatory xtheory
B)
Grand xtheory
C)
Middle-range xtheory
D)
Situation-specific x theory
All xresearch xstudies xhave xa
19. xframework. xWhat xtype xof
xframework xis xused xin xa xresearch
xstudy xbased xon xa xtheory?
A)
Schematic xframework
B)
Practice xframework
C)
Theoretical xframework
D)
Conceptual xframework
The xkey xto xRogers' xconceptual
xframework xare xher xprinciples xof
xhomeodynamics, xwhich xrepresent xa
20. xway xof xviewing xunitary xhuman xbeings
xand xprovide xguidance xto xnursing
xpractice. xThe xprinciples xinclude
xintegrality, xhelicy, xand xresonancy. xWhat
xis xresonancy?
A)
Nonlinear xdomain xwithout xtemporal
xor xspatial xattributes
B)
Concerns xthe xcontinuous xand
xmutual xprocesses xbetween xhuman
xand xenvironmental xfields
C)
Continuous xand xinnovative xdiversity xof
xhuman xand xenvironmental xfield xpatterns
D)
Continuous xchange xfrom xlower- xto
xhigher- xfrequency xwave xpatterns xin
xhuman xand xenvironmental xenergy xfields.
Answer xKey
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. D
15. A
16. D
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. D
Chapter x7 xEthics xin xNursing xResearch
What xserves xas xthe xbasis xfor
1. xregulations xaffecting xresearch xby xthe
xU.S. xgovernment?
A)
The xNuremberg xCode
B)
The xDeclaration xof xHelsinki
C)
The xBelmont xReport
D)
The xCode xof xEthics xof xthe xAmerican
xPsychological xAssociation
In xresponse xto xhuman xrights xviolations,
xvarious xcodes xof xethics xhave xbeen
xdeveloped. xWhat xwas xdeveloped xafter
2.
xNazi xatrocities xwere xmade xpublic xas xan
xinternational xeffort xto xestablish xethical
xstandards?
A)
The xNuremberg xCode
B)
The xDeclaration xof xHelsinki
C)
The xBelmont xReport
D)
The xCode xof xEthics xof xthe xAmerican
xPsychological xAssociation
What xdocument xcovers xprimarily
3. xethical xissues xfor xpracticing xnurses
xand xincludes xprinciples xthat xapply xto
xnurse xresearchers?
A)
Code xof xEthics xfor xNurses xwith
xInterpretative xStatements
B)
Ethical xResearch xGuidelines xfor
xRegistered xNurses
C)
Ethical xGuidelines xin xthe xConduct,
xDissemination, xand xImplementation xof
xNursing xResearch
D)
ICN xCode xof xEthics xfor xNurses
The xBelmont xReport xarticulated xbroad
xprinciples xon xwhich xstandards xof
4. xethical xconduct xin xresearch xare xbased.
xWhich xis xnot xconsidered xan xethical
xprinciple xfor xprotecting xstudy
xparticipants xin xthe xreport?
A)
Beneficence
B)
Respect xfor xhuman xdignity
C)
Informed xconsent
D)
Justice
5. What xis xbeneficence?
A)
B)
Performance xof xsome xgood
Protection xfrom xphysical xand
xpsychological xharm xand
xexploitation
C)
Participants xright xto xself-determination
D)
Freedom xto xcontrol xtheir xown xactions
6. What xis xjustice?
A)
B)
Right xto xfair xtreatment
Protection xfrom xphysical xand
xpsychological xharm xand
xexploitation
C)
Participants xright xto xself-determination
D)
Freedom xto xcontrol xtheir xown xactions
Which xethical xprinciple xmay xbe xviolated
xif xa xresearcher xunobtrusively xstudies
7.
xinteractions xamong xpatients xin xa
xpsychiatric xhospital?
A)
Confidentiality
B)
Freedom xfrom xharm
C)
Right xto xself-determination
D)
Right xto xprivacy
What xis xthe xsafeguard xmechanisms xby
8. xwhich xeven xthe xresearcher xcannot xlink
xthe xparticipant xwith xthe xinformation
xprovided?
A)
Confidentiality
B)
Anonymity
C)
Informed xconsent
D)
Right xto xprivacy
What xprovides xprospective xparticipants
9. xwith xinformation xneeded xto xmake xa
xreasoned xdecision xabout
xparticipation?
A)
Confidentiality
B)
Anonymity
C)
Informed xconsent
D)
Right xto xprivacy
10.
How xcan xconfidentiality xof
xstudy xparticipants xbe
xincreased?
A)
Avoiding xthe xcollection xof xany xidentifying
xinformation
B)
Avoiding xintroducing xthe xparticipants
xto xany xof xthe xresearch xpersonnel
Placing xall xidentifying xinformation xon
xcomputer xfiles xrather xthan xin xmanual
xfiles
C)
Placing xall xidentifying xinformation xon
xmanual xfiles xrather xthan xin xcomputer
xfiles
D)
11. What xis xan xexample xof xa xvulnerable
xgroup?
A)
Women xhospitalized xfor xa xmastectomy
B)
Members xof xa xsenior xcitizen xgroup
C)
People xwho xdo xnot xspeak xEnglish
D)
Pediatric xclients
12.
What xis xa xmajor xpotential xrisk xof
xresearch xto xparticipants?
A)
Monetary xgains
B)
Access xto xa xnew xand xpotentially
xbeneficial xtreatment
C)
D)
Opportunity xto xdiscuss xpersonal
xfeelings xand xexperiences xwith xan
xobjective xlistener.
Physical xboredom
Researchers xcan xoften xshow xtheir
xrespect xfor xparticipants—and
xproactively xminimize xemotional
13.
xrisks—by xcarefully xattending xto xthe
xnature xof xthe xinteractions xthey xhave
xwith xthem. xWhat xare xdebriefing
xsessions?
A)
B)
Discussions xwith xprospective
xparticipants xto xobtain xinformed xconsent
Discussions xwith xparticipants xafter xa
xstudy xto xexplain xvarious xaspects xof
xthe xstudy
C)
Discussions xwith xa xhuman
xsubjects xcommittee xbefore xa
xstudy xto xobtain xpermission
D)
Discussions xbefore xa xstudy xthat
xfindings xwill xbe xshared xafter xdata
xhave xbeen xanalyzed
In xa xqualitative xstudy xthat xinvolves
xmultiple xcontacts xbetween xthe
14.
xresearcher xand xstudy xparticipants,
xwhat xcan xthe xresearcher xnegotiate?
A)
Implied xconsent
B)
Stipend
C)
Process xconsent
D)
Risk/benefit xratio
15. When xis xinformed xconsent xnot xobtained?
A)
Researcher xpays xa xstipend xto xstudy
xparticipants.
B)
Researcher xcollects xinformation xcovertly.
C)
Risk/benefit xratio xis xlow.
D)
Study xis xdetermined xexempt xby
xInstitutional xReview xBoard.
Most xinstitutions xwhere xresearch xis
xconducted xhave xformal xcommittees xfor
16. xreviewing xproposed xresearch xplans. xIn
xthe xUnited xStates, xwhat xwill xthe
xcommittee xlikely xbe xcalled?
A)
Research xEthics xBoard
B)
Institutional xReview xBoard
C)
Ethical xAdvisory xBoard
D)
Human xSubject xCommittee
17. What xis xan xexpedited xreview?
A)
The xcommittee xmust xconsist xof
xfive xmembers xto xcarry xout xthe
xreview.
B)
Research xinvolving xno xmore xthan xminimal
xrisk xcan xuse xthis xprocedure.
C)
The xresearcher xmust xhave xan
xaffiliation xwith xan xinstitution.
D)
The xresearch xis xexempt xfrom xthe xreview
xboard xprocess.
What xis xan ximportant xconsideration
18. xwhen xnurses xchoose xto xuse xanimals
xas xresearch xsubjects?
A)
Must xobtain xinformed xconsent xfrom xthe
xanimal's xowner.
B)
Recognize xthat xit xis xmore xconvenient xto
xuse xan xanimal.
C)
Recognize xthat xit xis xless xcostly xto
xuse xanimals xthan xhumans.
D)
Recognize xthat xanimals xneed xhumane xcare
xand xtreatment.
When xcan xthe xresearcher xomit xinformed
19. xconsent, xwhen xexisting xdata xfrom xrecords
xand/or xspecimens xare xused?
A)
The xstudy xdoes xnot xinvolve xan
xintervention.
B)
The xresearcher xis xgathering
xdata xanonymously.
C)
Health xprofessional xstudents xare xused xas
xsubjects.
D)
The xstudy xis xgathering xdata xfrom
xrecords xover x10 xyears xold.
Under xHIPAA xregulations, xa xcovered
xentity xsuch xas xa xhospital xcan xdisclose
xindividually xidentifiable xhealth
20.
xinformation xfrom xits xrecords xif xthe
xpatient xsigns xan x authorization xgranting
xaccess. xWhat xdoes xthis xinclude?
A)
Who xwill xreceive xthe xinformation
B)
Why xthey xneed xthe xinformation
C)
The xSocial xSecurity xnumber xof xthe
xpatient
D)
If xthe xdata xis xnot xspecifically xobtained
xfor xthe xresearch
Answer xKey
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. D
13. B
14. C
15. B
16. B
17. B
18. D
19. B
20. A
Chapter x8 xPlanning xa xNursing xStudy
1.
A)
What xcriteria xdo xqualitative
xresearchers xuse xto xassess xthe xquality
xof xa xstudy?
Validity
B)
Reliability
C)
Accuracy
D)
Dependability
What xcriteria xdo xquantitative
2. xresearchers xuse xto xassess xthe xaccuracy
xand xconsistency xof xinformation
xobtained xin xa xstudy?
A)
Reliability
B)
Trustworthiness
C)
Dependability
D)
Confirmability
3.
What xrefers xto xevidence xof xthe
xresearcher's xobjectivity?
A)
Reliability
B)
Trustworthiness
C)
Dependability
D)
Confirmability
A xthermometer xmeasured xa xchild's
xtemperature xas x98.1°F xone xminute xand xas
4.
98.1°F xthe xnext xminute. xWhat xcan xwe
xassume xabout xthe xthermometer?
A)
Valid xinstrument
B)
Reliable xinstrument
C)
Trustworthy xinstrument
D)
Dependable xinstrument
What xis xachieved xwhen xthe xresearch
xmethods xengender xconfidence xin xthe
5.
xtruth xof xthe xdata xand xthe xresearchers'
xinterpretations?
A)
Trustworthiness
B)
Dependability
C)
Confirmability
D)
Credibility
Qualitative xresearchers xdiscuss xmethods
6. xof xenhancing xthe xstudy's xdata xby xwhat
xmethod?
A)
Trustworthiness
B)
Dependability
C)
Confirmability
D)
Credibility
7. Which xcan xcause xbias xin xa xstudy?
A)
Participants' xtruthful xresponses
B)
Researcher xsubjectivity
C)
Consistent xmethods xof xdata xcollection
D)
Adequate xstudy xdesign
A xresearcher xfinds xthat xa xsmall xnumber
xof xsubjects xdid xnot xprovide xaccurate
xinformation xbecause xthey xhad xjust
8.
xcompleted xa xrigorous xsession xwith xthe
xphysical xtherapist. xWhat xis xthis xan
xexample xof?
A)
Sample xbias
B)
Systematic xbias
C)
Random xbias
D)
Absolute xbias
A xspring xscale xconsistently xmeasures
xpeople's xweights x4 xpounds xlighter
9.
xthan xtheir xtrue xweight. xWhat xtype xof
xbias xwould xthis xdata xbe xon xthe
xweight?
A)
Sample xbias
B)
Systematic xbias
C)
Random xbias
D)
Absolute xbias
The xresearcher xwants xto xexplore xthe
xextent xto xwhich xqualitative xfindings
10.
xcan xbe xtransferred xto xother xsettings.
xWhat xis xthis xcalled?
A)
Reflexivity
B)
Generalizability
C)
Transferability
D)
Thick xdescription
What xis xthe xprocess xof xreflecting
11. xcritically xon xthe xself xand xof
xscrutinizing xpersonal xvalues xthat xcould
xaffect xinterpretation?
A)
Reflexivity
B)
Generalizability
C)
Transferability
D)
Thick xdescription
The xresearcher xwants xto xexplore xthe
xextent xto xwhich xquantitative xfindings
12.
xcan xbe xapplied xto xother xgroups xand
xsettings. xWhat xis xthis xcalled?
A)
Reflexivity
B)
Generalizability
C)
Transferability
D)
Thick xdescription
What xis xconcealing xinformation xfrom
xparticipants, xresearch xagents xsuch xas
13.
xdata xcollectors, xcare xproviders, xor xdata
xanalysts xto xenhance xobjectivity xcalled?
A)
Comparing
B)
Relative xtiming
C)
Masking
D)
Transferring
A xresearcher xuses xmultiple xsources xor
14. xreferents xto xdraw xconclusions xabout xwhat
xconstitutes xthe xtruth. xWhat xis xthis
xcalled?
A)
Triangulation
B)
Dependability
C)
Confirmability
D)
Credibility
A xresearcher xdesigns xa xstudy xto
xdetermine xif xa xnew xteaching xmodality
xwill xbenefit xa xparticular xgroup xof
15.
xspecial xeducation xstudents xthat xthe
xresearcher xhas xbeen xworking. xWhich
xdesign xwould xthe xresearcher xbe xmost
xlikely xto xuse?
A)
Comparison xbetween xtwo xor xmore
xgroups.
B)
Comparison xof xone xgroup's xstatus xat xtwo
xor xmore xpoints xin xtime.
C)
Comparison xof xone xgroup's xstatus xunder
xdifferent xcircumstances.
D)
Comparison xbased xon xrelative xrankings.
What xtechnique xis xthe xresearcher xusing
16. xto xcontrol xextraneous xvariables xto xthe
xstudy xpurpose xthat xcan xobscure
xunderstanding?
A)
Confounding
B)
Reflexivity
C)
Generalizability
D)
Transferability
Researchers xoften xincorporate
xcomparisons xinto xtheir xdesigns xto
17.
xenhance xinterpretability. xWhat xoccurs
xwhen xdifferent xgroups xof xpeople xare
xcompared?
A)
Between-subjects xdesign
B)
Within-subjects xdesign
C)
Mixed xdesign
D)
Cross-sectional xdesign
18.
What xtype xof xresearch xdesign xinvolves
xcollecting xdata xat xone xpoint xin xtime?
A)
Between-subjects xdesign
B)
Within-subjects xdesign
C)
Longitudinal xdesign
D)
Cross-sectional xdesign
A xstudy xaddressing xquality xof xlife xof xa
xgroup xof xpatients xwho xhad xundergone
xvarious xtreatments xfor xcoronary xartery
19.
xdisease xwas xgathered x1 xyear xand x8
xyears xafter xtheir xtreatment. xWhat xtype
xof xstudy xis xthis xcalled?
A)
Panel
B)
Follow-up
C)
Trend
D)
Cohort
A xresearcher xis xconducting xa xsmallscale xtrial xrun xdesigned xto xtest xmethods
20.
xto xbe xused xin xa xlarger, xmore xrigorous
xstudy. xWhat xtype xof xstudy xis xthis
xcalled?
A)
Panel
B)
Feasibility
C)
Trend
D)
Cohort
Answer xKey
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. C
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. A
17. A
18. D
19. B
20. B
Chapter x9 xQuantitative xResearch xDesign
What xtype xof xresearch xdesign xoccurs
xwhen xresearchers xstart xwith xa
1.
xpresumed xcause xand xthen xgo xforward
xin xtime xto xthe xpresumed xeffect?
A)
Cohort
B)
Counterfactual
C)
Randomized xcontrolled
D)
Factorial
What xtype xof xdesign xoccurs xwhen xthe
2. xresearcher xsimultaneously xmanipulates
xtwo xindependent xvariables?
A)
Crossover
B)
Factorial
C)
Single-blind
D)
Cluster xrandomization
3.
What xis xa xlimitation xof xthe xresearch
xdesign xfor xa xquantitative xstudy?
A)
Whether xthere xwill xbe xa xtheoretical
xcontext
B)
Whether xthere xwill xbe xan xintervention
C)
What xtypes xof xcomparisons xwill xbe
xmade
D)
How xmany xtimes xdata xwill xbe xcollected
What xdoes xthe xusing xrandom
4. xnumbers xtables xfor xassigning
xsubject xto xgroups xeliminate?
A)
Systematic xbias
B)
Ethical xproblems
C)
Need xfor xa xcontrol xgroup
D)
Unnecessary xmanipulation
What xwould xhappen xto xthe xsame
xpeople xsimultaneously xexposed xand
5.
xnot xexposed xto xthe xcasual xfactor xin xan
xidealized xresearch xmodel?
A)
Confounding
B)
Counterfactual
C)
Causality
D)
Manipulation
Various xcriteria xare xused xto xestablish
xcausality. xOne xcriterion xis xthat xan
xobserved xrelationship xbetween xa
6. xpresumed xcause xand xan xeffect xcannot
xbe xexplained xas xbeing xcaused xby xother
xvariables. xWhat xis xthe xobserved
xrelationship xbetween xa xpresumed xcause
xcalled?
A)
Confounding
B)
Independent x variable
C)
Dependent xvariable
D)
Counterfactual
What xtype xof xdesign xoccurs xin
xretrospective xstudies xwith xdata xon xboth
7.
xthe xdependent xand xindependent
xvariables xcollected xat xa xsingle xpoint
xin xtime?
A)
Cross-sectional
B)
Case xcontrol
C)
Prospective
D)
Correlational
What xis xoccurring xwhen xthe xnurse
xresearcher xmanipulates xthe
8.
xindependent xvariable xby xintroducing
xa xtreatment xor xintervention?
A)
Control
B)
Counterfactual
C)
Randomization
D)
Manipulation
What xis xoccurring xwhen xthe xnurse
xresearcher xassigns xpeople xto
9.
xexperimental xand xcontrol xgroups xat
xrandom xto xmake xthe xgroups
xcomparable xat xthe xoutset?
A)
Control
B)
Counterfactual
C)
Randomization
D)
Manipulation
Everyone xin xthe xexperimental xgroup
xusually xgets xthe xsame xintervention xas
10. xdelineated xin xformal xprotocols. xWhat
xoccurs xwhen xthe xstudy xis xtailored xto
xmeet xindividual xneeds xor
xcharacteristics?
A)
Placebo
B)
Patient-centered x intervention
C)
Attention xcontrol
D)
Stratification
The xnurse xresearcher xwants xto xavoid
xbias xstemming xfrom xparticipants'
xawareness xof xgroup xstatus xor xstudy
xhypotheses. xWhat xis xthis xcalled?
11.
1. Attention xcontrol
2. Stratification
3. Masking
4. Blinding
A)
1, x2
B)
1, x3
C)
2, x4
D)
3, x4
What xtype xof xstudy xoccurs xwhen xa
xsample xof xboth xusers xand xnonusers
12. xof xoral xcontraceptives xover xa x20-year
xperiod xare xfollowed xto xdetermine xif
xthere xwere xany xlong-term xside
xeffects?
A)
Controlled
B)
Retrospective
C)
Prospective
D)
Crossover
What xtype xof xcorrelational xstudy
xbegins xwith xthe xoutcome xand xlooks
13. xback xin xtime xfor xantecedent xcauses
xby xcomparing xindividuals xthat xhave
xa xdisease xwith xcontrols xwho xdo xnot
xhave xthe xdisease?
A)
Case xcontrol
B)
Retrospective
C)
Prospective
D)
Crossover
The xnurse xresearcher xis xdividing
xresearch xparticipants xinto xgroups xof
14. xmen xand xwomen xbefore xequating xthe
xgroups xon xall xcharacteristics xthat xcould
xaffect xstudy xoutcomes. xWhat xis xthis
xtechnique xcalled?
A)
Placebo
B)
Patient-centered x intervention
C)
Attention xcontrol
D)
Stratification
What xis xoccurring xwhen xthe xnurse
xresearcher xdocuments xthe xfrequency
15.
xof xnew xresearch xcases xover xa xgiven
xtime xperiod?
A)
Prevalence
B)
Incidence
C)
Relative xrisk
D)
Self-selection
16.
What xis xone xweakness xof xcorrelational
xstudies?
A)
Prevalence xof xcases
B)
Incidence xof xcases
C)
Relative xrisk xof xgroups
D)
Self-selection xof xgroups
The xnurse xresearcher xis xdescribing xhow
xphenomena xare xinterrelated xwithout
17.
xinvoking xa xcasual xexplanation. xWhat
xtype xof xstudy xis xoccurring?
A)
Descriptive xcorrelational
B)
Univariate xdescriptive
C)
Path xanalytic
D)
Cohort
The xnurse xresearcher xis xdocumenting xthe
xfrequency xwith xwhich xmiddle-aged
18. xwomen xperformed xbreast xselfexamination. xWhat xtype xof xstudy xis
xoccurring xwith xthe xdocumentation?
A)
Descriptive xcorrelation
B)
Univariate xdescriptive
C)
Prevalence
D)
Incidence
What xtype xof xresearch xdesign xoccurs
xwhen xthe xnurse xresearcher xgives xthe
19.
xcomparison xgroup xthe xexperimental
xintervention xat xa xlater xpoint xin xtime?
A)
Propensity xmatching
B)
Switching xreplication
C)
Time xseries
D)
Nonequivalent xcontrol xgroup xpretest–
xposttest
What xtype xof xresearch xdesign xinvolves xan
xexperimental xintervention xbut xno
20.
xrandomization xand xsupports xcausal
xinferences?
A)
Quasi-experimental
B)
Crossover
C)
Factorial
D)
Experimental
Answer xKey
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. D
12. C
13. A
14. D
15. B
16. D
17. A
18. B
19. B
20. A
Chapter x10 xRigor xand xValidity xin xQuantitative xResearch
How xdo xnurse xresearchers xstrive xfor
1. xconstancy xof xconditions xin ximplementing
xa xtreatment?
A)
Having xstandard xwritten xresearch
xprotocols
B)
Using xa xrandomized xblock xdesign
C)
Maximizing xthe xinternal xvalidity xof
xthe xstudy
D)
Avoiding xcontamination xof xtreatments
What xis xthe ximplication xof xusing xthe
2. xprinciple xof xhomogeneity xto xcontrol xfor
xextraneous xvariables?
A)
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity
B)
Generalizability xof xthe xfindings
C)
Contamination xof xtreatments
D)
Precision xof xthe xdesign
3.
What xis xthe xmost xeffective xmethod xof
xcontrolling xextraneous xvariables?
A)
Analysis xof xcovariance
B)
Matching
C)
Randomization
D)
Homogeneity
4.
Which xresearch xdesign xdo xsubjects
xserve xas xtheir xown xcontrols?
A)
Factorial
B)
Randomized xblock
C)
Crossover
D)
Balanced
The xnurse xresearcher xmust xknow xin
5. xadvance xthe xextraneous xvariables xthat
xare xto xbe xcontrolled xfor xwhich
xprocedure?
A)
Matching
B)
Randomized xgroups
C)
Factorial xdesign
D)
Crossover xdesign
6. Which xis xa xmethod xof xstatistical xcontrol?
A)
On-protocol xanalysis
B)
Analysis xof xcovariance
C)
Pair xmatching
D)
Counterbalancing
What xis xthe xthreat xof xinternal xvalidity
7. xthat xoccurs xwhen xexternal xevents xor
xconditions xaffect xone xgroup xmore
xthan xanother?
A)
Maturation
B)
Selection
C)
Testing
D)
History
What xit xthe xmost xserious xthreat xto
8. xinternal xvalidity xin xa xnonequivalent
xcontrol xgroup xdesign?
A)
Testing
B)
Selection
C)
Maturation
D)
History
9. When xis xa xstudy xinternally xvalid?
A)
Alternative xexplanations xof xthe xresults
xcan xbe xruled xout.
B)
An xexperimental xdesign xwas xused.
C)
A xrepeated xmeasures xdesign xwas xused.
D)
Precision xhas xbeen xmaximized.
There xare xfour xtypes xof xvalidity xthat
xaffect xthe xrigor xof xa xquantitative
10. xstudy. xWhat xconcerns xthe xvalidity xof
xinferences xthat xthere xis xan xempirical
xrelationship xbetween xvariables?
A)
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity
B)
Internal xvalidity
C)
Construct xvalidity
D)
External xvalidity
There xare xfour xtypes xof xvalidity xthat
xaffect xthe xrigor xof xa xquantitative
xstudy. xWhat xconcerns xinferences xfrom
11.
xthe xparticular xexemplars xof xa xstudy xto
xthe xhigher-order xconstructs xthat xthey
xare xintended xto xrepresent?
A)
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity
B)
Internal xvalidity
C)
Construct xvalidity
D)
External xvalidity
There xare xfour xtypes xof xvalidity xthat
xaffect xthe xrigor xof xa xquantitative
12.
xstudy. xWhat xconcerns xinferences xabout
xthe xextent xto xwhich xstudy xresults xcan
xbe xgeneralized?
A)
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity
B)
Internal xvalidity
C)
Construct xvalidity
D)
External xvalidity
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What xis xa xthreat xto xstatistical xconclusion
xvalidity?
Ability xto xdetect xtrue xrelationships xamong
xvariables.
Exactness xof xthe xrelationships
xidentified xbefore xcontrolling
xconfound xvariables.
Undermining xa xstrong
xoperationalization xof xthe xdependent
xvariable.
High xprecision xof xrelationships
xrevealed xamong xrelationships xin
xvariables.
Which xtechnique xis xhelpful xin xmaintaining
14. xtreatment xfidelity xin xan xexercise xplan
xfor xclients xwith xjoint xreplacement?
A)
Providing xa xdetailed xtraining xmanual xthat
xillustrates xthe xexercises
B)
Writing xa xplan xthat xallows xfor xvariation
xin xdoing xthe xprescribed xexercises
C)
Asking xthe xparticipants xif xthey xliked
xdoing xthe xexercises
D)
Allowing xstaff xnurses xto xmonitor
xcalendars xused xto xdocument xadherence
xto xthe xexercises
15.
Which xis xa xcharacteristic xof xa xmethod xto
xenhance xstatistical xpower?
A)
Small xsample xsize
B)
Definition xof xthe xdependent xvariable
C)
Increased xvariability xof xthe
xextraneous xvariables
D)
Precise xmeasuring xtool
Qualitative xdescription xis xoften xa
16. xpowerful xmeans xof xenhancing xthis xtype
xof xvalidity xof xsettings?
A)
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity
B)
Internal xvalidity
C)
Construct xvalidity
D)
External xvalidity
17.
What xthreat xis xreduced xby
xobtaining xcontact xinformation?
A)
Selection
B)
Maturation
C)
Mortality
D)
Instrumentation
18.
What xthreat xis xa xone xgroup xpretest–
posttest xdesign xespecially xsusceptible xto?
A)
Testing
B)
Selection
C)
Maturation
D)
History
19.
What xis xaffected xby xthe xsampling xplan
xfor xa xresearch xstudy?
A)
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity
B)
Internal xvalidity
C)
Construct xvalidity
D)
External xvalidity
What xeffect xcan xoccur xwhen xsubjects'
xbehaviors xare xaffected xnot xby xthe
20. xtreatment xper xse, xbut xby xtheir
xknowledge xof xparticipating xin xa xstudy
xand xthe xgeneralizability xof xthe xresults
xis xlimited?
A)
Experimenter
B)
Hawthorne
C)
Measurement
D)
Novelty
Answer xKey
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. C
19. D
20. B
Chapter x11 xSpecific xTypes xof xQuantitative xResearch
1. What xoccurs xin xa xsequential xclinical
xtrial?
A)
Data xare xcontinuously xanalyzed xas xthey
xbecome xavailable.
The xfirst xhalf xof xthe xsubjects xis
xassigned xto xthe xexperimental xgroup
xand xthe xsecond xhalf xis xassigned xto
xthe xcontrol xgroup.
B)
Preference xis xused xto xassign xsubjects
xto xeither xthe xexperimental xor xcontrol
xcondition.
C)
Stopping xrules xare xonly xused xif xsubjects
xare xexposed xto xrisk xof xharm xor
xdiscomfort.
D)
2.
Which xphase xof xa xclinical xtrial xrequires
xan xexperimental xdesign?
A)
I
B)
II
C)
III
D)
IV
Which xphase xof xa xclinical xtrial
3. xinvolves xseeking xopportunities xfor
xrefinements xand xpreliminary xevidence
xof xefficacy?
A)
I
B)
II
C)
III
D)
IV
What xtype xof xresearch xwould xoccur xif xa
xnurse xresearcher xwanted xto xdetermine
4.
xhow xwell xa xprenatal xprogram xwas
xmeeting xits xobjectives?
A)
Delphi xsurvey
B)
Evaluation
C)
Needs xassessment
D)
Survey
5.
When xis xan xexperimental xdesign xmost
xlikely xto xbe xused?
A)
Impact xanalyses
B)
Outcome xanalyses
C)
Process xevaluations
D)
Formative xevaluations
6.
When xare xqualitative xdata xmost xlikely xto
xbe xcollected?
A)
Impact xanalysis
B)
Outcome xanalysis
C)
Process xanalysis
D)
Cost-benefit xanalysis
Which xfactor xis xnot xutilized xin
7. xDonabedian's xframework xfor
xoutcomes xresearch?
A)
Outcomes
B)
Interactions
C)
Processes
D)
Structures
What xwould xthe xnurse xresearcher xwho
xis xinterested xin xlearning xwhether xself8. xadministered xhealth xhistory
xquestionnaires xyielded xresults
xcomparable xto xa xpersonal xinterview
xhealth xhistory xform xbe xdoing?
A)
Secondary xanalysis
B)
Content xanalysis
C)
Methodologic xstudy
D)
Survey
9. What xis xthe xU.S. xCensus?
A)
Survey
B)
Evaluation
C)
Needs xassessment
D)
Secondary xanalysis
A xnurse xresearcher xused xthe xU.S. xCensus
xdata xto xexamine xthe xrelationship xbetween
10.
xwomen's xlabor xforce xparticipation xand
xfertility. xWhat xdoes xthis xrepresent?
A)
Survey
B)
Evaluation
C)
Needs xassessment
D)
Secondary xanalysis
The xnurse xresearcher xis xconducting xa
xneeds xassessment xto xestimate xthe xneeds
11.
xof xa xcardiac xsupport xgroup. xWhat xdoes
xa xneeds xassessment xoften xuse?
A)
Behavioral xobjectives
B)
Stopping xrules
C)
Key xinformants
D)
Cost-benefit xanalysis
The xnurse xresearcher xis xinterested xin
xthis xtype xof xresearch xto xassess xthe
12. xeffectiveness xof xclinical xinterventions
xthat xoften xinvolve xa xseries xof xphases.
xWhat xtype xof xresearch xcan xprovide
xthis xinformation?
A)
Clinical xtrials
B)
Sequential xclinical xtrials
C)
Practical xclinical xtrials
D)
Pragmatic xclinical xtrials
This xtype xof xresearch xaims xto xreduce
xthe xgap xbetween xefficacy xand
13.
xeffectiveness xstudies, xsuch xas
xbetween xinternal xand xexternal
xvalidity.
A)
Clinical xtrial
B)
Evaluation xdesign
C)
Hybrid xdesign
D)
Sequential xclinical xtrial
Which xtype xof xanalysis xwould xthe xnurse
xresearcher xuse xto xtest xwhether xa xprogram
14.
xcaused xnet ximpacts xrelative xto xthe
xcounterfactual?
A)
Process
B)
Implementation
C)
Outcome
D)
Impact
What xtype xof xresearch xexamines xthe
15. xquality xand xeffectiveness xof xhealthcare
xand xnursing xservices?
A)
Evaluation
B)
Outcomes
C)
Survey
D)
Delphi
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreading
16. xabout xa xreplication xstudy. xWhat xis
xa xsystematic xextension xreplication?
A)
Exact xduplication xof xmethods xof xan
xearlier xstudy
B)
Close xapproximation xbut xnot
xexact xduplication xof xmethods
C)
Deliberate xattempts xto xtest xthe
ximplications xof xthe xoriginal xresearch
D)
Concerned xwith xthe xdevelopment,
xvalidation, xand xassessment xof
xmethodologic xtools xof xstrategies
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreading xabout xa
17. xreplication xstudy. xWhat xis xvirtual
xreplication?
A)
Exact xduplication xof xmethods xof xan
xearlier xstudy
B)
Close xapproximation xbut xnot
xexact xduplication xof xmethods
C)
Deliberate xattempts xto xtest xthe
ximplications xof xthe xoriginal xresearch
D)
Concerned xwith xthe xdevelopment,
xvalidation, xand xassessment xof
xmethodologic xtools xof xstrategies
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreading xabout xa
18. xreplication xstudy. xWhat xis xidentical
xreplication?
A)
Exact xduplication xof xmethods xof xan
xearlier xstudy
B)
Close xapproximation xbut xnot
xexact xduplication xof xmethods
C)
Deliberate xattempts xto xtest xthe
ximplications xof xthe xoriginal xresearch
D)
Concerned xwith xthe xdevelopment,
xvalidation, xand xassessment xof
xmethodologic xtools xof xstrategies
19. What xis xa xblack xbox?
A)
Concerned xwith xthe xdevelopment,
xvalidation, xand xassessment xof
xmethodologic xtools xor xstrategies
B)
Designed xto xobtain xinformation xabout
xthe
xprevalence,
xdistribution,
xand
xinterrelations xof xphenomena xwithin xa
xpopulation
C)
Constructs xof xinterest xto xnurse xresearchers
xthat xhave xdefied xmeasurement xefforts
D)
The xunderlying, xunmeasured xcauses
xor xmediators xof xthe xobserved
xeffects xof xan xintervention
20.
Which xphase xdo xrandomized xclinical xtrials
xtake xplace?
A)
I
B)
II
C)
III
D)
IV
Answer xKey
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. D
15. B
16. C
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. C
Chapter x12 xSampling xin xQuantitative xResearch
Sampling xis xfamiliar xto xus xall. xIn xthe
xcourse xof xdaily xactivities, xwe xmake
xdecisions xand xdraw xconclusions xthrough
1. xsampling. xA xnursing xstudent xmay xselect
xan xelective xcourse xby xsampling xtwo xor
xthree xclasses xon xthe xfirst xday xof xthe
xsemester. xWhat xis xsampling?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Identification xof xa xset xof xelements xused
xfor xselecting xstudy xparticipants
Established xpopulation xcharacteristics xto
xdetermine xwho xcould xparticipate xin xa
xstudy
Process xof xselecting xa xsubset xof
xthe xpopulation xto xrepresent xthe
xentire xpopulation
Technique xfor xensuring xthat xevery
xelement xin xthe xpopulation xhas xan
xequal xchance xof xbeing xincluded xin xthe
xstudy
2. What xis xbias xsampling?
A)
Elements xare xselected xby
xnonrandom xmethods.
B)
Most xreadily xavailable xor xconvenient
xgroup xof xpeople xfor xthe xsample.
C)
D)
Referrals xfor xpotential xparticipants
xare xmade xby xthose xalready xin xthe
xsample.
Systematic xover- xor xunder-representation
xof xan xattribute xvis-à-vis xthe
xpopulation.
What xtype xof xsampling xoccurs xin
3. xwhich xreferrals xfor xpotential
xparticipants xare xmade xby xthose
xalready xin xthe xsample?
A)
Convenience
B)
Snowball
C)
Quota
D)
Consecutive
4.
Which xtype xof xsampling xare xstrata
xincorporated xinto xthe xdesign?
A)
Convenience
B)
Snowball
C)
Quota
D)
Consecutive
The xnurse xresearcher xis xcollecting
xinformation xabout xthe xpopulation
5.
xsample. xWhat xis xthe xbasic xpopulation
xunit xabout xwhich xinformation xis
xcollected xcalled?
A)
Population
B)
Element
C)
Inclusion xcriteria
D)
Exclusion xcriteria
The xnurse xresearcher xknows xit xis
ximportant xto xmake xa xdistinction
6.
xbetween xtarget xand xaccessible
xpopulations. xWhat xis xthe xtarget
xpopulation?
A)
Aggregate xof xcases xthat xconform xto
xdesignated xcriteria xand xthat xare
xaccessible xfor xa xstudy.
B)
Aggregate xof xcases xabout xwhich xthe
xresearcher xwould xlike xto xgeneralize.
C)
Characteristics xof xindividuals xthat xmust
xnot xbe xincluded xin xthe xresearch xsample.
D)
Characteristics xof xindividuals xthat xmeet
xthe xspecific xpopulation xcharacteristics.
The xnurse xresearcher xknows xit xis
ximportant xto xmake xa xdistinction
7.
xbetween xtarget xand xaccessible
xpopulations. xWhat xis xa xpopulation?
A)
Aggregate xof xcases xthat xconform xto
xdesignated xcriteria xand xthat xare
xaccessible xfor xa xstudy
B)
Aggregate xof xcases xabout xwhich xthe
xresearcher xwould xlike xto xgeneralize
C)
Entire xaggregation xof xcases xin xwhich xa
xresearcher xis xinterested
D)
Characteristics xof xindividuals xthat xmeet
xthe xspecific xpopulation xcharacteristics
The xnurse xresearcher xknows xthat
xsamples xand xsampling xplans xvary xin
8.
xquality. xWhat xis xa xkey xconsideration
xin xassessing xa xsample xin xa
xquantitative xstudy?
A)
Representativeness
B)
Probability
C)
Nonprobability
D)
Strata
The xnurse xresearcher xwants xto xuse xa
xprobability xsample xin xthe xresearch xstudy.
9.
xWhich xis xan xexample xof xa xprobability
xsampling xmethod?
A)
Convenience
B)
Cluster
C)
Purposive
D)
Quota
The xnurse xresearcher xis xusing xa
xsampling xdesign xthat xis xespecially
10.
xlikely xto xyield xa xrepresentative xsample.
xWhat xtype xof xsample xis xthis xcalled?
A)
Systematic
B)
Convenience
C)
Purposive
D)
Quota
11.
Which xtype xof xsample xis xconsidered xto
xbe xthe xweakest xfor xquantitative
xstudies?
A)
Convenience
B)
Quota
C)
Purposive
D)
Systematic
The xnurse xis xhand xpicking xthe xsample
xbased xon xthe xresearcher's xknowledge
12.
xabout xthe xpopulation. xWhat xtype xof
xsample xis xthis xcalled?
A)
Purposive
B)
Snowball
C)
Network
D)
Chain
The xnurse xresearcher xis xtrying xto
13. xyield xa xrepresentative xsample. xWhat
xtype xof xnonprobability xdesign xshould
xbe xutilized?
A)
Quota
B)
Snowball
C)
Network
D)
Chain
The xnurse xresearcher xhas xto xconsider xthe
xprocedure xof xweighing xin xthe xsample.
14.
What xtype xof xsampling xdesign xwould xbe
xconsidered?
A)
Proportionate
B)
Disproportionate
C)
Simple xrandom
D)
Quota
A xnurse xresearch xused xa xprobability
xtype xsystematic xsampling xplan. xThe
15. xsample xsize xwas x200. xThe xsampling
xinterval xwas x250. xThe xfirst xelement
xdrawn xwas x196. xWhat xwould xthe
xsecond xelement xbe?
A)
396
B)
446
C)
496
D)
646
A xnurse xresearcher xused xa xsystematic
xsampling xdesign. xThe xknown xpopulation
16.
xsize xis x3200, xand xthe xdesired xsample
xsize xis
160. xWhat xis xthe xsampling xinterval?
A)
16
B)
20
C)
160
D)
320
What xtype xof xsampling xdivides xthe
17. xpopulation xinto xhomogeneous xstrata
xfrom xwhich xelements xare xselected xat
xrandom?
A)
Probability xsampling
B)
Simple xrandom xsampling
C)
Stratified xrandom xsampling
D)
Cluster xsampling
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreviewing xa
18. xresearch xarticle xthat xused xa xcluster
xsample. xWhat xis xa xcluster xsample?
A)
Selection xof xevery xkth xcase xfrom xa xlist
B)
Standard xdistance xbetween xthe
xselected xelements xin xthe xsample
C)
Multistaged xselection xof xrandom
xsamples xfrom xlarger xunits
D)
Divides xthe xpopulation xinto
xhomogeneous xstrata xto xensure
xrepresentation xof xsubgroups
19.
What xtype xof xanalysis xdo xnurse
xresearchers xuse xto xestimate xsample xsize
xneeds?
A)
Power
B)
Systematic
C)
Interval
D)
Multistage
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreviewing xa
20. xresearch xarticle xthat xused xsystematic
xsampling. xWhat xis xsystematic
xsampling?
A)
Selection xof xevery xkth xcase xfrom xa xlist
B)
Standard xdistance xbetween xthe
xselected xelements xin xthe xsample
C)
Multistaged xselection xof xrandom
xsamples xfrom xlarger xunits
D)
Divides xthe xpopulation xinto
xhomogeneous xstrata xto xensure
xrepresentation xof xsubgroups
Answer xKey
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. B
17. C
18. C
19. A
20. A
Chapter x13 xData xCollection xin xQuantitative xResearch
Quantitative xnurse xresearchers xtypically
1. xdevelop xa xdetailed xdata xcollection xplan.
xAt xone xpoint xis xthis xplan ximplemented?
A)
Before xbeginning xdata xcollection
B)
During xdata xcollection
C)
After xdata xcollection
D)
Before xbeginning xand xduring
xdata xcollection
A xnurse xresearcher xdocuments xthe
xnumber xof xtimes xa xmother xmade
2.
xpositive, xencouraging xcomments xto xthe
xtoddler. xThis xis xan xexample xof xwhat?
A)
Structured xself-report
B)
Unstructured xself-report
C)
Structured xobservation
D)
Unstructured xobservation
What xis xthe xfirst xstep xin xthe
3. xdevelopment xof xa xdata xcollection
xplan xin xa xquantitative xstudy?
A)
Locating xexisting xinstruments xfor
xkey xconstructs
B)
Identifying xand xprioritizing xdata xneeds
C)
Developing xsuitable xforms xfor
xdata xcollection
D)
Pretesting xdata xcollection xinstruments
When xa xnurse xresearcher xis xselecting
4. xan xinstrument xfor xa xresearch xproject,
xwhat xis xthe xprimary xconsideration?
A)
Conceptual xrelevance
B)
Data xquality
C)
Cost
D)
Reputation
What xis xadvisable xfor xa xnurse
5. xresearcher xwho xis xadministering xa
xquestionnaire
xto
xa
xhighly
xdisadvantaged xpopulation?
A)
Pretest xthe xquestionnaire xwith xa xless
xdisadvantaged xsample.
B)
Collect xdata xabout xthe xstudy xparticipants'
xreactions xto xthe xstudy.
C)
Determine xthe xreadability xlevel xof xthe
xquestionnaire.
D)
Use xmostly xopen-ended xquestions xin xthe
xquestionnaire.
When xwould xa xnurse xresearcher
6. xnot xconsider xthe xuse xof xa xpretest
xin xa xquantitative xresearch xdesign?
A)
Assess xwhether xthe xsequencing
xof xquestions xor xinstruments xis
xsensible.
B)
Determine xif xthe xmeasures xyield xdata xwith
xsufficient xvariability.
C)
Identify xquestions xthat xparticipants
xfind xobjectionable xor xoffensive.
D)
Prioritize xdata xcollection xrequirements.
The xnurse xresearcher xhas xfinalized
xthe xinstrument xpackage xand xhas xto
7.
xdevelop xvarious xforms. xWhich xform
xwill xnot xbe xnecessary xat xthis xtime?
A)
Screening
B)
Informed xconsent
C)
Administrative xlogs
D)
Referral
Nurse xresearchers xdevelop xdata xcollection
xprotocols xto xensure xaccurate, xvalid, xand
8.
xmeaningful xdata. xWhat xis xa xdata
xcollection xprotocol?
A)
Spells xout xprocedures xto xbe xused xin xdata
xcollection
B)
Very ximportant xin xqualitative xresearch xto
xminimize xsubjectivity
C)
Developed xafter xresearch xstaff xis xtrained
D)
Varies xonly xmarginally xfrom xone xstudy xto
xanother xstudy
9.
What xmethod xof xdata xcollection xis xmost
xwidely xused xby xnurse xresearchers?
A)
Structured xself-report
B)
Unstructured xself-report
C)
Structured xobservation
D)
Unstructured xobservation
The xnurse xresearcher xis xusing xa
xstructured xself-report xinstrument xwith
10.
xopen- xand xclosed-ended xquestions.
xWhat xis xan xopen- xended xquestion?
A)
Permits xrespondents xto xreply xin xnarrative
xfashion
B)
Offers xresponse xalternatives xfrom xwhich
xrespondents xmust xchoose
C)
Offers xa xrange xof xalternatives
D)
Requires xa xchoice xbetween xtwo xoptions
The xnurse xresearcher xis xusing xa
xstructured xself-report xinstrument xwith
11.
xdichotomous xquestions. xWhat xis xa
xdichotomous xquestion?
A)
Permits xrespondents xto xreply xin xnarrative
xfashion
B)
Offers xresponse xalternatives xfrom xwhich
xrespondents xmust xchoose
C)
Offers xa xrange xof xalternatives
D)
Requires xa xchoice xbetween xtwo xoptions
The xnurse xresearcher xis xusing xa
xstructured xself-report xinstrument xwith
12.
xforced-choice xquestions. xWhat xis xa
xforced-choice xquestion?
A)
Requires xa xchoice xbetween xtwo xoptions
B)
Offers xa xrange xof xalternatives
C)
Respondents xare xasked xto xrank xconcepts
xon xa xcontinuum
D)
Requires xrespondents xto xchoose
xbetween xtwo xcompeting xpositions
The xnurse xresearcher xis xusing xthe xFACES
13. xpain xscale xinstrument. xWhat xis xthis xan
xexample xof?
A)
Forced-choice x question
B)
Rating xquestion
C)
Checklist
D)
Visual xanalog xscale
The xnurse xresearcher xis xusing xa xcomposite
14. xpsychosocial xscale. xWhat xis xa
xcomposite xpsychosocial xscale?
A)
Several xquestions xwith xthe xsame xresponse
xformat
B)
Multiple-item xself-report xtool xfor
xmeasuring xthe xdegree xto xwhich
xindividuals xpossess xtarget xattributes.
C)
Comprises xa xseries xof xstatements xabout xa
xphenomenon
D)
Consists xof xa xseries xof xbipolar xrating
xscales xon xwhich xrespondents xindicate
xreactions xtoward xa xphenomenon
15.
The xnurse xresearcher xreads xabout xQ xsort
xin xa xresearch xarticle. xWhat xis xQ xsort?
A)
Sorts xa xset xof xcard xstatements xinto xpiles
xaccording xto xspecified xcriteria
B)
Several xquestions xwith xthe xsame xresponse
xformat
C)
Comprises xa xseries xof xstatements xabout xa
xphenomenon
D)
Consists xof xa xseries xof xbipolar xrating
xscales xon xwhich xrespondents xindicate
xreactions xtoward xa xphenomenon
What xtype xof xresearch xactivity xis xused xto
16. xassess xrespondents' xperceptions,
xhypothetical xbehaviors, xor xdecisions?
A)
Q xsorts
B)
Semantic xdifferentials
C)
Event xhistory xcalendar
D)
Vignettes
Structured xself-reports xare xvulnerable
xto xthe xrisk xof xreporting xbiases. xWhat
xtype xof xbias xis xoccurring xwhen xthe
17.
xtendency xof xsome xpeople xis xto xrespond
xto xquestions xin xcharacteristic xways,
xindependent xof xcontent?
A)
Response xset
B)
Social xdesirability
C)
Extreme xresponse
D)
Acquiescence
18.
The xnurse xresearcher xis xinvolved xin xtime
xsampling. xWhat xis xtime xsampling?
A)
Captures xdata xabout xthe xoccurrence xof
xevents
B)
Specification xof xthe xduration xand
xfrequency xof xobservational xperiods
xand xintersession xintervals
C)
Selects xintegral xbehaviors xor xevents xof xa
xspecial xtype xfor xobservation
D)
Observers xrate xphenomena xalong
xa xdimension xthat xis xtypically
xbipolar
The xnurse xresearcher xreads xthat xthe
19. xhalo xeffect xoccurred xduring xdata
xcollection. xWhat xis xthe xhalo xeffect?
A)
Tendency xfor xobservers xto xrate xeverything
xpositively
B)
Tendency xfor xobservers xto xrate xeverything
xharshly
C)
Tendency xof xobservers xto xbe xinfluenced
xby xone xcharacteristic xin xjudging xother,
xunrelated xcharacteristics
D)
Occurs xwhen xextreme xevents xare
xdistorted xtoward xmiddle xground
Answer xKey
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. D
12. D
13. D
14. B
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. B
19. C
Chapter x14 xMeasurement xand xData xQuality
Quantitative xstudies xderive xdata
1. xthrough xthe xmeasurement xof
xvariables. xWhat xis xmeasurement?
A)
Involves xassigning xnumbers xto
xrepresent xthe xamount xof xan xattribute
xpresent xin xan xobject xor xperson,
xusing xa xspecified xset xof xrules
B)
Capacity xof xa xnumeric xexpression
xsignifying xhow xmuch xof xan xattribute
xis xpresent
C)
Signifies xequivalence xor xsimilarity
xbetween xtwo xphenomena
D)
The xconsistency xwith xwhich xit
xmeasures xthe xtarget xattributes
Researchers xtry xto xlink xnumeric xvalues
xto xreality. xMeasurement xprocedures
2.
xare xideally xisomorphic xto xreality.
xWhat xis xisomorphism?
A)
Involves xassigning xnumbers xto
xrepresent xthe xamount xof xan xattribute
xpresent xin xan xobject xor xperson,
xusing xa xspecified xset xof xrules
B)
Capacity xof xa xnumeric xexpression
xsignifying xhow xmuch xof xan xattribute
xis xpresent
C)
Signifies xequivalence xor xsimilarity
xbetween xtwo xphenomena
D)
The xconsistency xwith xwhich xit
xmeasures xthe xtarget xattributes
3.
What xis xthe xdifference xbetween xa xtrue
xscore xand xan xobtained xscore?
A)
Situational xcontaminant
B)
Response xset xbias
C)
Transitory xpersonal xfactor
D)
Error xof xmeasurement
Many xfactors xcontribute xto xerrors xof
xmeasurement. xSome xerrors xare xrandom
4. xwhile xothers xare xsystematic, xreflecting
xbias. xWhat xis xone xsource xof
xmeasurement xerror xin xsocial
xpsychological xscales?
A)
Situational xcontaminant
B)
Response xset xbias
C)
Transitory xpersonal xfactor
D)
Error xof xmeasurement
Scales xand xtests xthat xinvolve xsumming
xitem xscores xare xtypically xevaluated.
5. xThe xnurse xresearch xwould xuse
xCronbach's xalpha xto xdetermine xwhich
xattribute xof xan xinstrument?
A)
Stability
B)
Internal xconsistency
C)
Equivalence
D)
Sensitivity
6.
A)
What xaspect xof xreliability xfor xwhich
xinterobserver xreliability xis xappropriate?
Stability
B)
Internal xconsistency
C)
Equivalence
D)
Sensitivity
Which xvalue xobtained xby xthe
7. xnurse xresearch xreflects xthe xhighest
xinternal xconsistency?
A)
.00
B)
.99
C)
1.00
D)
10.0
8.
What xtype xof xvalidity xemploys xlogical
xanalysis xand xhypothesis xtests?
A)
Content
B)
Face
C)
Criterion
D)
Construct
What xtype xof xvalidity xrefers xto xwhether
9. xthe xinstrument xappears xto xbe xmeasuring
xthe xappropriate xconstruct?
A)
Content
B)
Face
C)
Criterion
D)
Construct
The xnurse xresearcher xis xidentifying
10. xunitary xclusters xof xitems xor xmeasures.
xWhat xmeasurement xdoes xthis xrepresent?
A)
Known-groups xtechnique
B)
Factor xanalysis
C)
Predictive xvalidity
D)
Concurrent xvalidity
The xnurse xresearcher xknows xthat xthere
11. xare xtwo xprimary xcriteria xfor
xassessment xof xan xinstrument. xWhat xis
xreliability?
Degree xof xconsistency xor xaccuracy xwith
xwhich xan xinstrument xmeasures xan
xattribute
A)
B)
Magnitude xand xdirection xof xa xrelationship
xbetween xtwo xvariables
C)
Extent xto xwhich xan xinstrument xyields xthe
xsame xresults xon xrepeated xadministrations
D)
Extent xto xwhich xan xinstrument's xitems xare
xmeasuring xthe xsame xattribute
12.
Which xstatement xaccurately xdescribes
xan xinstrument's xreliability?
A)
The xlower xan xinstrument's xreliability, xthe
xlower xthe xamount xof xerror xin xobtained
xscores.
B)
The xlower xan xinstrument's xreliability, xthe
xhigher xthe xamount xof xerror xin xobtained
xscores.
C)
The xhigher xan xinstrument's xreliability, xthe
xlower xthe xamount xof xerror xin xobtained
xscores.
The xhigher xan xinstrument's xreliability, xthe
xhigher xthe xamount xof xerror xin xobtained
xscores.
D)
When xratings xare xdichotomous, xwhich
13. xequation xwould xbe xused xto xcalculate xthe
xproportion xof xagreements?
A)
Number xof xdisagreement/Number xof
xagreement xplus xdisagreements
B)
Number xof xagreements/Number xof
xagreements xin xthe xpopulation
C)
Number xof xagreement/Number xof
xagreement xplus xdisagreements
D)
Number xof xdisagreements/Number xof
xagreements xin xthe xpopulation
What xis xthe xcorrect xformula xfor xthe
14. xnurse xresearcher xto xuse xto xidentify
xthe xobserved xtotal xvariability xin
xscores?
A)
VO x = xVT x + xVE
B)
VT x = xVO x + xVE
C)
VE x = xVT x + xVO
D)
VV x = xVT x + xVE
15.
What xtype xof xvalidity xuses xa xmultitrait–
xmultimethod xmatrix xtechnique?
A)
Content
B)
Face
C)
Criterion
D)
Construct
The xvalidity xapproach xof xmultitrait–
xmultimethod xmatrix xtechnique xis xbased
16.
xon xthe xconcepts xof xconvergence xand
xdiscriminability. xWhat xis xconvergence?
A)
Different xmethod xof xmeasuring xthe xsame
xattributes xyielding xsimilar xresults
B)
Ability xto xdifferentiate xthe xconstruct xbeing
xmeasured xfrom xother xsimilar xconcepts
C)
Instrument's xability xto xidentify xa xcase
xcorrectly
D)
Instrument's xability xto xidentify
xnoncases xcorrectly
Sensitivity xand xspecificity xare
17. ximportant xcriteria xfor xscreening xand
xdiagnostic xinstruments. xWhat xis
xsensitivity?
A)
Different xmethod xof xmeasuring xthe xsame
xattributes xyielding xsimilar xresults
B)
Ability xto xdifferentiate xthe xconstruct xbeing
xmeasured xfrom xother xsimilar xconcepts
C)
Instrument's xability xto xidentify xa xcase
xcorrectly
D)
Instrument's xability xto xidentify
xnoncases xcorrectly.
Sensitivity xand xspecificity xare
18. ximportant xcriteria xfor xscreening xand
xdiagnostic xinstruments. xWhat xis
xspecificity?
A)
Different xmethod xof xmeasuring xthe xsame
xattributes xyielding xsimilar xresults
B)
Ability xto xdifferentiate xthe xconstruct xbeing
xmeasured xfrom xother xsimilar xconcepts
C)
Instrument's xability xto xidentify xa xcase
xcorrectly
D)
Instrument's xability xto xidentify
xnoncases xcorrectly.
The xvalidity xapproach xof xmultitrait–
xmultimethod xmatrix xtechnique xis xbased
19.
xon xthe xconcepts xof xconvergence xand
xdiscriminability. xWhat xis
xdiscriminability?
A)
Different xmethod xof xmeasuring xthe xsame
xattributes xyielding xsimilar xresults
B)
Ability xto xdifferentiate xthe xconstruct xbeing
xmeasured xfrom xother xsimilar xconcepts
C)
Instrument's xability xto xidentify xa xcase
xcorrectly
D)
Instrument's xability xto xidentify
xnoncases xcorrectly
20.
When xis xthe xSpearman-Brown
xprophecy xformula xused?
A)
To xestimate xhow xreliable xa xscale xwould
xbe xwith xmore xitems
B)
To xestimate xhow xreliable xa xscale xwould
xbe xwith xfewer xitems
C)
To xestimate xhow xvalid xa xscale xwould
xbe xwith xmore xitems
D)
To xestimate xhow xvalid xa xscale xwould
xbe xwith xfewer xitems
Answer xKey
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. C
14. A
15. D
16. A
17. C
18. D
19. B
20. B
Chapter x15 xDeveloping xand xTesting xSelf-Report xScales
1.
Where xdo xitems xfor xa xnew xscale
xcome xfrom?
A)
Researcher's xintuition
B)
Research xliterature
C)
Construct xanalysis
D)
Nursing xexamination xquestions
2.
What xvariable xdoes xscale xdevelopment
xbegin?
A)
Latent
B)
Content
C)
Independent
D)
Dependent
3.
What xis xthe xfirst xstep xin xscale
xdevelopment?
A)
Deciding xon xthe xtype xof xscale
B)
Developing xan xitem xpool.
C)
Preliminary xevaluation xof xthe xitems
D)
Conceptualizing xthe xconstruct
Why xdo xsome xauthors xprefer xto xhave xan
4. xeven xnumber xof xitem xresponses xon xa
xLikert xscale?
A)
Provides xrespondents xwith xan
xopportunity xto xbe xneutral
B)
Forces xeven xmild xleanings xand xavoids
xequivocation
C)
Minimizes xthe xpossibility xof xan
xacquiescence xresponse xset
D)
Ensures xgenerating xa xfairly xexhaustive
xset xof xitem xpossibilities
Most xLikert xscales xhave x5 xto x7
xoptions, xwith xverbal xdescriptors
5. xattached xto xeach xoption. xWhat xis xthe
xadvantage xto xan xodd xnumber xof xitem
xresponses xon xa xLikert xscale?
A)
Provides xrespondents xwith xan
xopportunity xto xbe xneutral
B)
Forces xeven xmild xleanings xand xavoids
xequivocation
C)
Minimizes xthe xpossibility xof xan
xacquiescence xresponse xset
D)
Ensures xgenerating xa xfairly xexhaustive
xset xof xitem xpossibilities
6.
What xis xan xappropriate xitem xon xa xLikert
xscale?
A)
Good xhealth xis ximportant.
B)
People xwho xdo xnot xtake xcare xof
xthemselves xshould xbe xshot.
C)
Eating xwell xwill xensure xthat xI xlive xto
xbe x100.
D)
I xwould xbe xvery xhappy xto xeat
xmore xvegetables xevery xday.
7.
What xis xan xappropriate xguideline
xfor xwording xquestions xon xa
xscale?
A)
Aim xfor xa xreading xlevel xat xthe x6th- xto
x7th- xgrade xreading xlevel.
B)
Use xlong xsentences xor xphrases xto xensure
xclarity.
C)
Use xdouble xnegatives xto xword xquestions
xin xa xpositive xway.
D)
Put xtwo xor xmore xideas xin xa xsingle
xitem xto xsave xreading.
8. What xis xa xdouble-barreled xitem?
A)
I xam xusually xhappy.
B)
I xam xusually xnot xsad.
C)
I xam xnot xusually xunhappy.
D)
I xam xafraid xof xinsects xand xsnakes.
9. What xis xa xdouble xnegative xitem?
A)
I xam xusually xhappy.
B)
I xam xusually xnot xsad.
C)
I xam xnot xusually xunhappy.
D)
I xam xafraid xof xinsects xand xsnakes.
10.
What xtype xof xanalysis xis xused xfor
xdata xcollected xfrom xthe xdevelopment
xsample?
A)
Item
B)
Trend
C)
Readability
D)
Content
What xtype xof xvalidity xshould xbe xbuilt
11. xinto xthe xscale xthrough xcareful xefforts
xto xconceptualize xthe xconstruct?
A)
Construct
B)
Content
C)
Concurrent
D)
Concordant
A xnurse xresearcher xwants xa xgood xmix
xof xexperts xto xreview xa xsurvey
xaddressing xRNs' xknowledge xabout
12.
xnutritional xassessment xand xsupport.
xThe xnurse xresearcher xshould xbe xsure
xto xinvite xwhich xgroup xof xindividuals
xto xparticipate?
A)
The xfaculty xfrom xthe xnearest xschool xof
xnursing
B)
A xgroup xof xbench xresearchers xfrom xthe
xmedical xschool
C)
Three xRNs xwho xbelong xto xthe xnational
xgastrointestinal xnurses xassociation
D)
Clergy xwho xwork xwith xhospice
xpatients xand xtheir xfamilies
Once xcontent xvalidity xhas xbeen
xestablished xat xa xsatisfactory xlevel, xthe
xscale xmust xbe xadministered xto xa
13.
xdevelopment xsample.
What xis xthe xtypical xnumber xor xmore xof
xrespondents xwho xare xrepresentative xof
xthe xtarget xpopulation?
A)
150
B)
200
C)
250
D)
300
14. What xdoes xexploratory xfactor xanalysis
xdo?
Reduce xa xsmall xset xof xvariables xinto xa
xsmaller xset xof xunderlying xdimensions
A)
Reduce xa xlarge xset xof xvariables
xinto xa xlarger xset xof xunderlying
xdimensions
B)
Reduce xa xsmall xset xof xvariables xinto xa
xlarger xset xof xunderlying xdimensions
C)
Reduce xa xlarge xset xof xvariables
xinto xa xsmaller xset xof xunderlying
xdimensions
D)
15.
What xis xthe xsecond xphase xof xexploratory
xfactor xanalysis?
A)
Factor xextraction
B)
Factor xrotation
C)
Principal xcomponents xanalysis
D)
Principal xaxis xfactor xanalysis
What xphase xof xexploratory xfactor
xanalysis xidentifies xclusters xof xitems
16. xthat xare xstrongly xintercorrelated xand xis
xused xto xdefine xthe xnumber xof
xunderlying xdimensions xin xthe xitems
xempirically?
A)
Factor xextraction
B)
Factor xrotation
C)
Orthogonal
D)
Oblique
What xtype xof xfactor xof xthe xitems
17. xon xthe xrotated xfactor xmatrix xis xused
xto xinterpret xand xname xthe xfactors?
A)
Analysis
B)
Extraction
C)
Rotation
D)
Loading
What xis xthe xgold xstandard xtranslation
xfor xsemantic xequivalence xin xwhich xthe
xscale xis xfirst xtranslated xfrom xthe xsource
18.
xlanguage xinto xthe xtarget xlanguage xand
xthen xtranslated xback xto xthe xsource
xlanguage xby xtranslators xblind xto xthe
xoriginal xwording?
A)
Measurement
B)
Structural
C)
Decentered
D)
Back
This xtype xof xequivalence xoccurs xwhen
xeach xitem's xmeaning xis xthe xsame xin xthe
19.
xtarget xculture xafter xtranslation xas xit xwas
xin xthe xoriginal xlanguage?
A)
Conceptual
B)
Semantic
C)
Back
D)
Decentered
20.
There xare xseveral xsteps xto xa
xback- xtranslation. xWhat xis xthe
xfirst xstep?
A)
Selecting xand xpreparing xtranslators
B)
Undertaking xan xiterative xprocess
C)
Testing xthe xtranslated xversion
D)
Critiquing xthe xtranslated xversion
Answer xKey
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. D
15. B
16. A
17. D
18. D
19. B
20. A
Chapter x16 xDescriptive xStatistics
1.
A)
There xare xfour xlevels xof xmeasurement.
xWhat xis xordinal xmeasurement?
Classification xof xcharacteristics
xinto xmutually xexclusive
xcategories
Ranking xof xobjects xbased xon xtheir xrelative
xstanding xon xan xattribute
B)
Indicating xnot xonly xthe xranking xof
xobjects xbut xthe xamount xof xdistance
xbetween xthem
C)
Distinguished xfrom xinterval
xmeasurement xby xhaving xa xrational
xzero xpoint
D)
2.
Which xis xan xexample xof xan xinterval
xmeasurement?
A)
Gender
B)
Fahrenheit xtemperature xscale
C)
Blood xtype
D)
Marital xstatus
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
There xare xfour xlevels xof xmeasurement.
xWhat xis xnominal xmeasurement?
Classification xof xcharacteristics
xinto xmutually xexclusive
xcategories
Ranking xof xobjects xbased xon xtheir xrelative
xstanding xon xan xattribute
Indicating xnot xonly xthe xranking xof
xobjects xbut xthe xamount xof xdistance
xbetween xthem
Distinguished xfrom xinterval
xmeasurement xby xhaving xa xrational
xzero xpoint
4. What xis xthe xhighest xmeasurement xlevel?
A)
Nominal
B)
Ordinal
C)
Interval
D)
Ratio
5.
Which xis xan xexample xof xa xratio
xmeasurement?
A)
Weight
B)
Married
C)
B xpositive xblood
D)
Female
It xis xnot xalways xeasy xto xidentify xa
6. xvariable's xlevel xof xmeasurement. xWhich
xmeasures xusually xare xdiscernible?
A)
Nominal xand xordinal
B)
Ordinal xand xinterval
C)
Ratio xand xinterval
D)
Ratio xand xnominal
What xtype xof xdata xcan xresearchers
7. xsummarize xand xdescribe xwith xdescriptive
xstatistics?
A)
Qualitative
B)
Quantitative
C)
Qualitative xand xquantitative
D)
Neither xqualitative xor xquantitative
8.
What xtype xof xdistribution xis xused
xto xorganize xnumeric xdata?
A)
Frequency
B)
Unimodal
C)
Multimodal
D)
Normal
What xis xthe xname xfor xthe xshape xof
xdistribution xthat xoccurs xwhen xthe xnurse
9.
xresearcher xhas xa xbell-shaped xcurve
xdistribution?
A)
Frequency
B)
Unimodal
C)
Multimodal
D)
Normal
10.
What xdoes xa xlayperson xcall xthe xcenter xof
xa xdistribution?
A)
Average
B)
Central xtendency
C)
Median
D)
Mean
11.
A)
What xis xthe xvalue xthat xoccurs xmost
xfrequently xin xa xdistribution?
Average
B)
Mode
C)
Median
D)
Mean
12.
What xis xthe xpreferred xmeasure xof xcentral
xtendency?
A)
Average
B)
Mode
C)
Median
D)
Mean
The xnurse xresearcher xis xexamining
13. xhow xspread xout xthe xdata xis. xWhich xare
xmeasures xof xvariability?
A)
Range xand xdeviation xscores
B)
Standard xdeviation xand xvariance
C)
Standard xdeviation xand xdeviation xscores
D)
Range xand xvariance
14.
The xnurse xresearcher xhas xscores xfrom x62
xto x98 xon xthe xexam. xWhat xis xthe xrange?
A)
36
B)
62
C)
98
D)
160
The xnurse xresearcher xis xcalculating xthe
15. xstandard xdeviation. xWhat xis xthe xstandard
xdeviation?
A)
The xaverage xamount xof xdeviation xof
xvalues xfrom xthe xmode xand xis
xcalculated xfor xevery xother xscore
B)
The xaverage xamount xof xdeviation xof
xvalues xfrom xthe xmedian xand xis
xcalculated xfor xevery xother xscore
C)
The xaverage xamount xof xdeviation xof
xvalues xfrom xthe xmean xand xis
xcalculated xfor xevery xscore
The xaverage xamount xof xdeviation xof
xvalues xfrom xthe xmedian xand xis
calculated xfor
xevery xscore
D)
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreading
xabout xbivariate xdescriptive xstatistics.
16.
xBivariate xdescriptive xstatistics
xdescribe xhow xmany xrelationships
xbetween xvariables?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
17.
What xsystems xof xmeasurement xare
xcrosstabulated xon xa xcontingency
xtable?
A)
Nominal xand xordinal
B)
Ordinal xand xinterval
C)
Ratio xand xinterval
D)
Ratio xand xnominal
Correlation xcoefficients xdescribe xthe
18. xdirection xand xmagnitude xof xa xrelationship
xbetween xhow xmany xvariables?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
The xnurse xresearcher xknows xthat xthe
xmost xfrequently xused xcorrelation
19. xcoefficient xis xthe xproduct–moment
xcorrelation xcoefficient x(Pearson's xr).
xWhat xmeasurement xvariables xare
xused?
A)
Nominal xand xordinal
B)
Ordinal xand xinterval
C)
Ratio xand xinterval
D)
Ratio xand xnominal
Several xrisk xindexes xdescribe xoutcomes xin
xrelation xto xexposures xfor xa xtwo-group
xsituation xwith xdichotomous xoutcomes.
These xindexes xprovide xuseful
20. xinformation xfor xmaking xclinical
xdecisions. xWhat xindex xexpresses xthe
xestimated xproportion xof xpeople xwho
xwould xbe xspared xfrom xan xadverse
xoutcome xthrough xexposure xto xan
xintervention?
A)
Absolute xrisk xreduction
B)
Relative xrisk xreduction
C)
Odds xratio
D)
Number xneeded xto xtreat
Answer xKey
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. D
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. A
18. B
19. C
20. A
Chapter x17 xInferential xStatistics
1.
A)
What xdoes xinferential xstatistics xpermit xthe
xresearcher xto xdo?
Generalize xto xa xpopulation xbased xon xdata
xfrom xa xsample.
B)
Describe xinformation xfrom xempirical
xobservation.
C)
Interpret xdescriptive xstatistics.
D)
Reject xthe xnull xhypothesis.
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreading xabout xthe
2. xstandard xdeviation xof xa xsampling
xdistribution. xWhat xis xthis xcalled?
A)
Sampling xerror
B)
Standard xerror
C)
Variance
D)
Mean xsquare
3.
What xis xa xmajor xfactor xaffecting xstandard
xerror xof xthe xmean?
A)
Value xof xthe xscore xrange
B)
Shape xof xthe xsampling xdistribution
C)
Sample xsize
D)
Value xof xthe xmean
What xis xa xtheoretical xdistribution xof
4. xthe xmeans xof xan xinfinite xnumber xof
xsamples xdrawn xfrom xa xpopulation
xcalled?
A)
Sampling xerror
B)
Sampling xdistribution xof xthe xmean
C)
Standard xerror xof xthe xmean
D)
Point xestimation
Statistical xinference xconsists xof xtwo
xapproaches: xestimating xparameters xand
5.
xtesting xhypotheses. xWhat xis xpoint
xestimation?
A)
Provides xan xestimate xof xa xpopulation
xparameter
B)
Provides xa xsingle xdescriptive xvalue xof xthe
xpopulation xestimate
C)
Provides xthe xupper xand xlower xlimits xof xa
xrange xof xvalues
D)
Provides xthe xability xto xmake xobjective
xdecisions xabout xhypothesis xvalidity
6.
A x95% xconfidence xlevel xis xassociated
xwith xhow xmany xstandard xdeviation
xunits?
A)
1.96
B)
2.58
C)
Depends xon xthe xtest xstatistic
D)
Depends xon xthe xsample xsize
What xis xthe xstatistical xprocedure xthat
xis xused xto xdetermine xwhether xa
7.
xsignificant xdifference xexists xbetween
xany xnumbers xof xgroup xmeans?
A)
t-test
B)
ANOVA
C)
Correlation xcoefficient
D)
Mann xWhitney xU xtest
What xtest xwould xa xnurse xresearcher
8. xuse xto xtest xhypotheses xabout xgroup
xdifferences xin xproportions?
A)
t-test
B)
ANOVA
C)
Correlation xcoefficient
D)
Chi-square
The xindependent xvariable xis xweight
xgain xduring xpregnancy. xThe xdependent
9.
xvariable xis xthe xinfant's xbirth xweight.
xWhat xis xthe xappropriate xtest xstatistic?
A)
t-test
B)
ANOVA
C)
Chi-square
D)
Pearson's xr
The xindependent xvariable xis xmarital
xstatus. xThe xdependent xvariable xis
10. xwhether xor xnot xthe xperson xhad xbeen
xhospitalized xin xthe xpreceding x12
xmonths. xWhat xis xthe xappropriate
xstatistical xtest?
A)
t-test
B)
ANOVA
C)
Chi-square
D)
Pearson's xr
The xindependent xvariable xis xtreatment
xgroup. xThe xdependent xvariable xis xan
11. xinfants' xlength xof xstay xin xthe xhospital
xafter xbirth. xWhat xis xthe xappropriate
xstatistical xtest?
A)
t-test
B)
ANOVA
C)
Correlation xcoefficient
D)
Mann xWhitney xU xtest
12.
What xmust xthe xnurse xresearcher xestimate
xin xpower xanalysis?
A)
Significance xlevel
B)
Effect xsize
C)
Power xcriterion
D)
Type xI xerror
Statistical xinference xconsists xof xtwo
xapproaches: xestimating xparameters xand
13.
xtesting xhypotheses. xWhat xis xinterval
xestimation?
A)
Provides xan xestimate xof xa xpopulation
xparameter
B)
Provides xa xsingle xdescriptive xvalue xof xthe
xpopulation xestimate
C)
Provides xthe xupper xand xlower xlimits xof xa
xrange xof xvalues
D)
Provides xthe xability xto xmake xobjective
xdecisions xabout xhypothesis xvalidity
What xdoes xhypothesis xtesting xthrough
14. xstatistical xprocedures xenable xresearchers
xto xdo?
A)
B)
Make xobjective xdecisions xabout
xthe xvalidity xof xthe xhypotheses.
Make xobjective xdecisions xabout
xthe xreliability xof xthe
xhypotheses.
C)
Make xsubjective xdecisions xabout
xthe xvalidity xof xthe xhypotheses.
D)
Make xsubjective xdecisions xabout
xthe xreliability xof xthe xhypotheses.
15. What xis xa xnull xhypothesis?
A)
There xis xa xpositive xrelationship xbetween
xresearch xvariables.
B)
There xis xa xnegative xrelationship xbetween
xresearch xvariables.
C)
D)
There xis xa xfalse xpositive
xrelationship xbetween xresearch
xvariables.
There xis xno xrelationship xbetween xresearch
xvariables.
16. What xoccurs xwith xa xType xI xerror?
A)
There xis xa xpositive xrelationship xbetween
xresearch xvariables.
B)
There xis xa xnegative xrelationship xbetween
xresearch xvariables.
C)
There xis xa xfalse xpositive
xrelationship xbetween xresearch
xvariables.
D)
There xis xa xfalse xnegative xrelationship
xbetween xresearch xvariables.
17. What xoccurs xwith xa xType xII xerror?
A)
There xis xa xpositive xrelationship xbetween
xresearch xvariables.
B)
There xis xa xnegative xrelationship xbetween
xresearch xvariables.
C)
D)
There xis xa xfalse xpositive
xrelationship xbetween xresearch
xvariables.
There xis xa xfalse xnegative xrelationship
xbetween xresearch xvariables.
18. Most xtesting xinvolves xwhich xtype xof
xtest?
A)
One xtailed
B)
Two xtailed
C)
Parametric
D)
Nonparametric
What xis xthe xstatistical xtest xto xmeasure
xthe xmagnitude xof xbivariate xrelationships
19. xand xto xtest xwhether xthe xrelationship xis
xsignificantly xdifferent xfrom xzero xfor
xinterval-level xdata?
A)
Pearson's xr
B)
Spearman's xrho
C)
Kendall's xtau
D)
phi xcoefficient
What xis xthe xstatistical xtest xto xmeasure
xthe xmagnitude xof xbivariate xrelationships
20. xand xto xtest xwhether xthe xrelationship xis
xsignificantly xdifferent xfrom xzero xfor
xnominal-level xdata?
A)
Pearson's xr
B)
Spearman's xrho
C)
Kendall's xtau
D)
phi xcoefficient
Answer xKey
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. C
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. D
16. C
17. D
18. B
19. A
20. A
Chapter x18 xMultivariate xStatistics
Multivariate xstatistical xprocedures xare
xincreasingly xbeing xused xin xnursing
1. xresearch xto xuntangle xcomplex
xrelationships xamong xa xminimum xof
xhow xmany xvariables?
A)
One
B)
Two
C)
Three
D)
Four
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreviewing xa
2. xsimple xregression xequation x(Y x= xa x+
xbX). xWhat xdoes xthe xa xstand xfor?
A)
Predicted xvalue xof xvariable xY
B)
Intercept xconstant
C)
Regression xcoefficient
D)
Actual xvalue xof xvariable xX
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreading xabout
3. xlinear xregression. xWhat xis xlinear
xregression?
A)
Make xpredictions xabout xthe xvalues xof xone
xvariable xbased xon xvalues xof xa xsecond
xvariable
B)
Make xpredictions xabout xthe xvalues xof xtwo
xvariables xbased xon xvalues xof xa xthird
xand xfourth xvariables
C)
Method xof xpredicting xa xcontinuous
xdependent xvariable xon xthe xbasis xof xtwo
xor xmore xindependent xvariables
D)
Method xof xpredicting xa xcontinuous
xindependent xvariable xon xthe xbasis xof xtwo
xor xmore xpredictor xvariables
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreading
4. xabout xmultiple xregression. xWhat xis
xmultiple xregression?
A)
Make xpredictions xabout xthe xvalues xof xone
xvariable xbased xon xvalues xof xa xsecond
xvariable
B)
Make xpredictions xabout xthe xvalues xof xtwo
xvariables xbased xon xvalues xof xa xthird
xand xfourth xvariables
C)
Method xof xpredicting xa xcontinuous
xdependent xvariable xon xthe xbasis xof xtwo
xor xmore xindependent xvariables
D)
Method xof xpredicting xa xcontinuous
xindependent xvariable xon xthe xbasis xof xtwo
xor xmore xpredictor xvariables
The xnurse xresearcher xknows xthat xthe
xbasic xnull xhypothesis xin xmultiple
5.
xregression xis xthat xthe xpopulation
xmultiple xcorrelation xcoefficient xis
xequal xto xwhat xnumber?
A)
0
B)
.50
C)
.75
D)
1.00
6.
The xnurse xresearcher xstudent xis xreviewing
xkey xterminology. xWhat xis xa xbeta
xweight?
A)
Standardized xregression xcoefficient
B)
Effect xsize
C)
Equivalent xof xthe xintercept xconstant
D)
Square xof xR
Analysis xof xcovariance x(ANCOVA)
xremoves xthe xeffect xof xwhat xtype xof
7. xvariables xbefore xtesting xwhether xmean
xgroup xdifferences xon xthe xoutcome
xvariable xare xstatistically xsignificant?
A)
Independent
B)
Mediating
C)
Confounding
D)
Dichotomous
8.
What xis xa xsimultaneous xmultiple
xregression?
A)
Enters xall xpredictor xvariables xinto xthe
xregression xequation xat xthe xsame xtime
B)
Enters xpredictors xinto xthe xequation xin xa
xseries xof xsteps xcontrolled xby xresearchers
C)
Enters xpredictors xin xsteps xusing xa
xstatistical xcriterion xfor xorder xof xentry
D)
Enters xall xpredictor xvariables xinto xthe
xregression xusing xa xstatistical xcriterion xfor
xorder xof xentry
9. What xis xa xstepwise xmultiple xregression?
A)
Enters xall xpredictor xvariables xinto xthe
xregression xequation xat xthe xsame xtime
B)
Enters xpredictors xinto xthe xequation xin xa
xseries xof xsteps xcontrolled xby xresearchers
C)
Enters xpredictors xin xsteps xusing xa
xstatistical xcriterion xfor xorder xof xentry
Enters xall xpredictor xvariables xinto xthe
xregression xusing xa xstatistical xcriterion xfor
xorder xof xentry
D)
What xis xthe xstatistical xprocedure xwhen xa
xnurse xresearcher xwants xto xpredict
10. xwhether xpressure xulcers xdevelop xin
xclients xwith xfractured xhips xusing xage,
xgender, xand xhemoglobin xlevels xas
xpredictors?
A)
Least xsquares xestimation
B)
Maximum xlikelihood xestimation
C)
Analysis xof xcovariance
D)
Discriminant xanalysis
11.
What xis xthe xdependent xvariable xof
xinterest xfor xsurvival xanalysis?
A)
Age
B)
Gender
C)
Time
D)
Vital xsigns
What xis xthe xstatistical xprocedure xused
xwhen xa xnurse xresearcher xwants xto xtest
12.
xa xcausal xmodel xto xexplain xsmoking
xhabits xin xteenagers?
A)
Path xanalysis
B)
Survival xanalysis
C)
Discriminant xanalysis
D)
Multivariate xanalysis xof xvariance
13. What xis xa xhierarchical xmultiple
xregression?
A)
Enters xall xpredictor xvariables xinto xthe
xregression xequation xat xthe xsame xtime
B)
Enters xpredictors xinto xthe xequation xin xa
xseries xof xsteps xcontrolled xby xresearchers
C)
Enters xpredictors xin xsteps xusing xa
xstatistical xcriterion xfor xorder xof xentry
D)
Enters xall xpredictor xvariables xinto xthe
xregression xusing xa xstatistical xcriterion xfor
xorder xof xentry
14. When xis xdiscriminant xanalysis xused?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Make xpredictions xabout xdependent
xvariable xthat xare xcategorical xon xthe
xbasis xof xone xpredictor xvariable
Make xpredictions xabout xdependent
xvariables xthat xare xcategorical xon xthe
xbasis xof xtwo xor xmore xpredictor
xvariables
Make xpredictions xabout xindependent
xvariable xthat xare xcategorical xon xthe xbasis
xof xone xpredictor xvariable
Make xpredictions xabout xindependent
xvariables xthat xare xcategorical xon xthe
xbasis xof xtwo xor xmore xpredictor
xvariables
The xnurse xresearcher xknows xthat xthe
xcorrelation xbetween xtwo xvariables xis
15. xrarely xperfect. xResearchers xtry xto
ximprove xpredictions xby xincluding xwhat
xtype xof xvariables?
A)
Multiple xindependent xvariables xor
xpredictor xvariables
B)
Multiple xdependent xvariables xor
xpredictor xvariables
C)
Multiple xindependent xand xdependent
xvariables
D)
Multiple xsocial xand xtime xvariables
The xnurse xresearcher xis xreviewing
xa xmultiple xregression xequation.
16.
Y' x= xa x+ xb1X1 x + xb2X2 x + x. x. x.
xbkXk
What xdoes xthe xk xstand xfor?
A)
Intercept xconstant
B)
Number xof xpredictor x(independent)
xvariables
C)
D)
Regression xcoefficients xfor xthe xk
xvariables
Scores xor xvalues xon xthe xk xindependent
xvariables
With xtwo xor xmore xindependent
xvariables, xthe xindex xis xthe xmultiple
17.
xcorrelation xcoefficient xor xR. xWhat xis
xthe xrange xof xthe xR xvalue?
A)
–0.1 xto x 0.0
B)
–0.1 xto x1.5
C)
0.0 xto x.50
D)
0.0 xto x1.0
Small xsamples xare xespecially
xproblematic xin xmultiple xregression xand
18.
xother xmultivariate xprocedures. xWhat
xtype xof xerrors xcan xinadequate xsample
xsize xlead xto?
A)
Type xI
B)
Type xII
C)
Type xIII
D)
Type xIV
One xapproach xto xestimating xsample
xsize xneeds xthe xratio xof xpredictor
19. xvariables xto xtotal xnumber xof xcases.
xSome xexperts xrecommend xa xratio xof
x20 xto x1 xfor xwhich xregressions?
A)
Stepwise xand xsimultaneous
B)
Stepwise xand xhierarchical
C)
Simultaneous xand xhierarchical
D)
Stepwise
20. What xis xan xadjusted xmeans?
A)
Group xmeans xon xthe xindependent xvariable
xbefore xadjusting xfor xcovariates
B)
Group xmeans xon xthe xdependent xvariable
xbefore xadjusting xfor xcovariates
C)
Group xmeans xon xthe xindependent xvariable
xafter xadjusting xfor xcovariates
D)
Group xmeans xon xthe xdependent
xvariable xafter xadjusting xfor
xcovariates
Answer xKey
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. A
16. B
17. D
18. B
19. C
20. D
Chapter x19 xProcesses xof xQuantitative xData xAnalysis
Researchers xwho xcollect xquantitative
xdata xtypically xprogress xthrough xa xseries
xof xsteps xin xthe xanalysis xand
1. xinterpretation xof xtheir xdata. xCareful
xresearchers xlay xout xa xdata xanalysis
xplan xin xadvance xto xguide xthat
xprogress. xWhat xphase xinvolves xvarious
xclerical xand xadministrative xtasks?
A)
Preanalysis
B)
Preliminary xassessments xand xactions
C)
Principal xanalysis
D)
Interpretation xof xquantitative xresults
Careful xresearchers xlay xout xa xdata
xanalysis xplan xin xadvance xto xguide xthat
2.
xprogress.
What xphase xinvolves xcollection xof xdata
xon xnumerous xvariables?
A)
Preanalysis
B)
Preliminary xassessments xand xactions
C)
Principal xanalysis
D)
Interpretation xof xquantitative xresults
3. How xmust xquantitative xdata xbe xcoded?
A)
Missing xvalues
B)
Letter xcodes
C)
Numerical xvalues
D)
Wild xcodes
4. What xis xa xwild xcode?
A)
Numerical xvalue
B)
Missing xvalue
C)
Values xthat xlie xoutside xthe xnormal xrange
xof xvalues
D)
Codes xthat xare xnot xlegitimate
5.
What xis xthe xerror xprone xprocess
xthat xrequires xverification?
A)
Outliers
B)
Data xcleaning
C)
Data xentry
D)
Consistency xchecks
Decisions xon xhandling xmissing xvalues
xmust xbe xbased xon xthe xamount xof
6. xmissing xdata xand xhow xmissing xdata xare
xpatterned. xWhen xis xaddressing xmissing
xdata xespecially ximportant?
A)
Sensitivity xanalyses
B)
Intention-to-treat x analyses
C)
Missing xcompletely xat xrandom
xvalues xpattern
D)
Missing xat xrandom xvalues xpattern
Steps xmust xalmost xalways xbe xtaken
xto xevaluate xmissing xdata xproblems.
7.
xWhat xoccurs xwith xa xmissing
xcompletely xat xrandom xvalues
xpattern?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Missing xvalues xare xjust xa xrandom
xsample xof xall xcases xin xthe
xpopulation.
Missing xvalues xare xjust xa xrandom
xsubsample xof xall xcases xin xthe
xsample.
Missingness xis xrelated xto xother
xvariables xbut xnot xrelated xto xthe xvalue
xof xthe xvariable xthat xhas xthe xmissing
xvalues.
A xpattern xin xwhich xthe xvalue xof
xthe xvariable xis xmissing xis
xrelated xto xits xmissingness.
There xare xtwo xmissing xvalues
xstrategies xthat xinvolve xdeletion xor
8.
ximputation. xWhat xis xthe xanalysis xof
xthose xcases xfor xwhich xthere xare xno
xmissing xdata?
A)
Listwise xdeletion
B)
Pairwise xdeletion
C)
Available xcase xanalysis
D)
Data xtransformations
There xare xtwo xmissing xvalues
xstrategies xthat xinvolve xdeletion xor
9. ximputation. xWhat xis xthe xmost xwidely
xused xapproach xto xdelete xcases
xselectively xon xa xvariable-by-variable
xbasis?
A)
Listwise xdeletion
B)
Pairwise xdeletion
C)
Complete xcase xanalysis
D)
Data xtransformations
There xare xtwo xmissing xvalues
xstrategies xthat xinvolve xdeletion xor
10.
ximputation. xWhat xis xoccurring xwith xa
xregression-based xestimation xof xmissing
xvalues?
A)
Mean xsubstitution
B)
Expectation xmaximization ximputation
C)
Complete xcase xanalysis
D)
Available xcase xanalysis
11.
What xis xan xactivity xthat xis
xcompleted xduring xthe xpreanalysis
xphase?
A)
Entering, xverifying, xand xcleaning xdata
B)
Assessing xand xhandling xmissing
xvalues xproblems
C)
Assessing xdata xquality
D)
Assessing xbias
A xdata xcleaning xprocedure xinvolves
12. xconsistency xchecks. xWhat xdoes xthis
xfocus xon?
A)
Internal xdata xconsistency
B)
External xdata xconsistency
C)
Checking xfor xoutliers
D)
Checking xfor xwild xcodes
13.
A)
What xis xthe xbest xmethod xfor xaddressing
xmissing xvalue xproblems?
Expectation xmaximization
B)
Multiple ximputations
C)
Mean xsubstitution
D)
Subgroup xmean xsubstitution
14.
What xis xthe xsimplest ximputation
xprocedure?
A)
Expectation xmaximization
B)
Multiple ximputations
C)
Mean xsubstitution
D)
Subgroup xmean xsubstitution
Assessing xdata xquality xis xan xearly
xanalytic xtask. xA xvalue xis xconsidered
15. xan xextreme xoutlier xwhen xif xit xis xhow
xmany xtimes xgreater xthan xthe
xinterquartile xrange xabove xthe xthird
xquartile?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
Researchers xoften xundertake xpreliminary
xanalyses xto xassess xbiases. xWhat xtype
xof xbias xshould xnurse xresearchers
16.
xcheck xfor xwhen xnonrandomized
xcomparison xgroups xare xused xand
xcompared xto xthe xgroups' xbaseline
xcharacteristics?
A)
Nonresponsive
B)
Volunteer
C)
Selection
D)
Attrition
Researchers xoften xundertake xpreliminary
xanalyses xto xassess xbiases. xWhat xtype
17. xof xbias xshould xnurse xresearchers
xcheck xfor xwhen xthere xare xmultiple
xpoints xof xdata xcollection?
A)
Nonresponse
B)
Volunteer
C)
Selection
D)
Attrition
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What xis xoccurring xwith xthe xKolmorogovxSmirnov xtest?
Tests xthat xthe xdistribution xdeviates
xsignificantly xfrom xa xnormal
xdistribution.
Tests xthat xthe xmedian xdeviates
xsignificantly xfrom xa xnormal xdistribution.
Tests xthat xthe xdistribution xdoes xnot
xdeviate xsignificantly xfrom xa xnormal
xdistribution.
Tests xthat xthe xmedian xdoes xnot
xdeviate xsignificantly xfrom xa xnormal
xdistribution.
What xeffect xcan xoccur xwhen xa xnurse
xresearcher xaccumulates xa xsample xover
19.
xan xextended xperiod xof xtime xto
xachieve xadequate xsample xsizes?
A)
Overt xeffect
B)
Cohort xeffect
C)
Ordering xeffect
D)
Carryover xeffect
What xtype xof xanalysis xoccurs xwhen xtest
20. xresearch xhypotheses xusing xdifferent
xassumptions xor xdifferent xstrategies?
A)
Substantive
B)
Descriptive
C)
Supplementary
D)
Sensitivity
Answer xKey
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. C
16. C
17. D
18. C
19. B
20. D
Chapter x20 xClinical xSignificance xand xInterpretation xof xQuantitative xResults
1. Which xtype xof xresearch xdesign xfocuses xon ximplementation xof xa xtreatment xby xthe xresearcher?
a.
Correlational
b.
Descriptive
c.
Experimental
d.
Longitudinal
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
Correlational xand xdescriptive xdesigns xare xnonexperimental xstudies xthat xfocus xon
xexamining xvariables xas xthey xnaturally xoccur xand xnot xon xthe ximplementation xof xa
xtreatment
by xthe xresearcher.
B
Correlational xand xdescriptive xdesigns xare xnonexperimental xstudies xthat xfocus xon
xexamining xvariables xas xthey xnaturally xoccur xand xnot xon xthe ximplementation xof xa
xtreatment
by xthe xresearcher.
C
Quasi-experimental xand xexperimental xstudies xare xdesigned xto xexamine xcausality xbetween
a xresearcher-implemented xtreatment xand xa xstudy xoutcome.
D
Longitudinal xdesign xrefers xto xdata xcollection xfrom xthe xsame xsubjects xat xdifferent xpoints
xin
time xand xmay xor xmay xnot xbe xused xwith xexperimental xor xnonexperimental xstudies.
2. A xresearcher xadministers xa xwritten xtest xto xevaluate xknowledge xof xinsulin
xadministration xand xglucose xmonitoring xto xa xgroup xof xsubjects xat xannual xintervals xover
xthe xnext xdecade. xThis xis xan xexample xof xwhich xtype xof xstudy xdesign?
a.
Correlational
b.
Cross-sectional
c.
Descriptive
d.
Longitudinal
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
Correlational xstudies xseek xto xexamine xrelationships xamong xvariables xwithout
manipulation xof xa xtreatment xby xthe xresearcher.
B
Cross-sectional xdesigns xexamine xa xgroup xof xsubjects xsimultaneously xin xvarious xstages xof
xdevelopment, xillness xseverity, xor xrecovery xto xidentify xchanges xin xa xphenomenon xacross
stages.
C
A xdescriptive xstudy xis xused xto xexamine xvariables xas xthey xoccur xnaturally xwithout
manipulation xof xvariables.
D
Longitudinal xdesign xrefers xto xdata xcollection xfrom xthe xsame xsubjects xat xdifferent xpoints
xin
time.
3. A xnurse xresearcher xwishes xto xidentify xrates xof xpertussis xinfection xin xchildren xless xthan
xone xyear xof xage xand xthen xagain xat x6 xyears xof xage xto xexamine xthe xrelationship xof
ximmunization xstatus xon xinfection xrates xin xthis xpopulation. xThis xis xan xexample xof xwhich
xtype xof xstudy xdesign?
a.
Correlational, xlongitudinal
b.
Correlational, x cross-sectional
c.
Descriptive, xlongitudinal
d.
Descriptive, x cross-sectional
ANS: xA
Feedback
A
A xcorrelational xstudy xdesign xlooks xat xpredictive xrelationships xbetween xvariables. xA
xlongitudinal xstudy xdesign xrefers xto xdata xcollection xfrom xthe xsame xsubjects xat xdifferent
points xin xtime.
B
Cross-sectional xdesigns xexamine xa xgroup xof xsubjects xsimultaneously xin xvarious xstages xof
xdevelopment, xillness xseverity, xor xrecovery xto xidentify xchanges xin xa xphenomenon xacross
stages.
C
A xdescriptive xstudy xis xused xto xexamine xvariables xas xthey xoccur xnaturally xwithout
manipulation.
D
Cross-sectional xdesigns xexamine xa xgroup xof xsubjects xsimultaneously xin xvarious
xstages xof xdevelopment, xillness xseverity, xor xrecovery xto xidentify xchanges xin xa
xphenomenon xacross xstages. xA xdescriptive xstudy xis xused xto xexamine xvariables xas
xthey xoccur xnaturally xwithout
manipulation.
4. Which xstatement xis xtrue xabout xa xdescriptive xstudy xdesign?
a.
It xis xnot xpossible xto xoperationally xdefine xvariables xin xthis xtype xof xstudy.
b.
Sample xselection xand xsize xcannot xbe xcontrolled xin xdescriptive xstudies.
c.
This xtype xof xdesign xis xused xto xidentify xproblems xoccurring xin xpractice.
d.
Variables xmay xbe xmanipulated xto xavoid xbias xin xthis xtype xof xstudy.
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
Descriptive xdesigns xmay xinvolve xoperational xdefinitions xof xvariables, xbut xvariables xare
not xmanipulated xin xdescriptive xstudies.
B
Protection xagainst xbias xin xa xdescriptive xdesign xis xachieved xthrough xconceptual xand
xoperational xdefinition xof xvariables, xsample xselection xand xsize, xvalid xand xreliable
instruments, xand xdata xcollection xprocedures xthat xpartially xcontrol xthe xenvironment.
C
Descriptive xdesigns xmay xbe xused xto xdevelop xtheories xand xidentify xproblems xwith xcurrent
practice.
D
Protection xagainst xbias xin xa xdescriptive xdesign xis xachieved xthrough xconceptual xand
xoperational xdefinition xof xvariables, xsample xselection xand xsize, xvalid xand xreliable
instruments, xand xdata xcollection xprocedures xthat xpartially xcontrol xthe xenvironment.
5. A xnurse xconducts xa xstudy xto xsee xwhether xthere xare xdifferences xin xthe xnumber xof
xbooks xLatino xparents xand xthe xnumber xof xbooks xAfrican-American xparents xread xto
xtheir xtoddlers xeach xweek. xWhich xtype xof xstudy xwill xthis xresearcher xutilize?
a.
Comparative xdescriptive
b.
Correlational
c.
Cross-sectional
d.
Longitudinal
ANS: xA
Feedback
A
A xcomparative xdescriptive xdesign xis xused xto xdescribe xvariables xand xto xexamine
xdifferences xin xvariables xin xtwo xor xmore xgroups xthat xoccur xnaturally xin xa xsetting
xthat xmay
have xbeen xformed xusing xgender, xage, xor xsocioeconomic xstatus.
B
A xcorrelational xstudy xdesign xlooks xat xpredictive xrelationships xbetween xvariables.
C
Cross-sectional xdesigns xexamine xa xgroup xof xsubjects xsimultaneously xin xvarious xstages xof
xdevelopment, xillness xseverity, xor xrecovery xto xidentify xchanges xin xa xphenomenon xacross
stages.
D
Longitudinal xdesign xrefers xto xdata xcollection xfrom xthe xsame xsubjects xat xdifferent xpoints
xin
time.
6. A xresearcher xwishes xto xconduct xa xcorrelational xstudy xto xdetermine xwhether xthere xis xa
xrelationship xbetween xstress xlevels xand xrelapse xrates xamong xpatients xwho xhave xchronic
xconditions. xIn xorder xto xdetermine xthe xexistence xof xa xrelationship xbetween xthese xtwo
xvariables, xthe xresearcher xwill xattempt xto:
a.
manipulate xthe xlevel xof xstress xin xstudy xsubjects.
b.
obtain xa xlarge xrange xof xpossible xscores.
c.
provide xlengthy xdescriptions xof xsubjects xbehaviors.
d.
randomly xassign xsubjects xto xstudy xgroups.
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Correlational xstudies xdo xnot xinvolve xmanipulation xof xa xvariable.
B
In xcorrelational xdesigns, xa xlarge xrange xin xthe xvariable xscores xis xnecessary xto xdetermine
xthe
existence xof xa xrelationship.
C
Providing xlengthy xdescriptions xof xsubjects xbehaviors xis xa xnecessary xpart xof xthe
xdiscussion
of xthe xresults, xbut xit xdoes xnot xdetermine xthe xexistence xof xa xrelationship.
D
Subjects xin xcorrelational xstudies xare xnot xrandomly xassigned xto xstudy xgroups.
7. If xa xresearcher xwishes xto xdescribe xvariables xand xto xexamine xmany xrelationships xin xa
xstudy, xwhich xtype xof xstudy xdesign xwill xthe xresearcher xemploy?
a.
Correlational
b.
Descriptive
c.
Descriptive xcorrelational
d.
Descriptive x cross-sectional
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
Correlational xstudies xseek xto xexamine xrelationships xamong xvariables xwithout
manipulation xof xa xtreatment xby xthe xresearcher.
B
A xdescriptive xstudy xis xused xto xexamine xvariables xas xthey xoccur xnaturally xwithout
manipulation xof xvariables.
C
A xdescriptive xcorrelational xdesign xis xused xto xdescribe xvariables xand xexamine
xrelationships xamong xthese xvariables. xUsing xthis xdesign xfacilitates xthe xidentification
xof xmany
interrelationships xin xa xsituation.
D
Cross-sectional xdesigns xexamine xa xgroup xof xsubjects xsimultaneously xin xvarious xstages xof
xdevelopment, xillness xseverity, xor xrecovery xto xidentify xchanges xin xa xphenomenon xacross
stages.
8. A xnurse xresearcher xconducts xa xstudy xto xdetermine xwhether xwomen xwho xbreastfeed xtheir
xinfants xexperience xbetter xsleep xin xthe xfirst xtwo xpostpartum xmonths. xThis xstudy xwill
xemploy xwhich xtype xof xresearch xdesign?
a.
Correlational
b.
Descriptive
c.
Descriptive xcorrelational
d.
Predictive xcorrelational
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
Correlational xstudies xseek xto xexamine xrelationships xamong xvariables xwithout
manipulation xof xa xtreatment xby xthe xresearcher.
B
A xdescriptive xstudy xis xused xto xexamine xvariables xas xthey xoccur xnaturally xwithout
manipulation xof xvariables.
C
A xdescriptive xcorrelational xdesign xis xused xto xdescribe xvariables xand xexamine
xrelationships
among xthese xvariables.
D
A xpredictive xcorrelational xdesign xis xused xto xpredict xthe xvalue xof xone xvariable xbased xon
xthe
values xobtained xfor xanother xvariable xor xvariables.
9. A xresearcher xtheorizes xa xset xof xrelationships xamong xconcepts xused xto xdescribe xwhy
xpatients xwith xchronic xillness xare xoften xdepressed. xTo xtest xthe xaccuracy xof xthese
xhypothesized xrelationships, xwhich xtype xof xstudy xwill xbe xused?
a.
Descriptive xcorrelational
b.
Grounded xtheory
c.
Model xtesting
d.
Predictive xcorrelational
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
A xdescriptive xcorrelational xdesign xis xused xto xdescribe xvariables xand xexamine
xrelationships
among xthese xvariables.
B
Grounded xtheory xresearch xis xdesigned xto xgenerate xtheory xand xto xdevelop xnew xconcepts.
C
The xmodel xtesting xdesign xrequires xall xconcepts xrelevant xto xthe xmodel xbe xmeasured xand
xthe
relationships xamong xthese xconcepts xexamined.
D
A xpredictive xcorrelational xdesign xis xused xto xpredict xthe xvalue xof xone xvariable xbased xon
xthe
values xobtained xfor xanother xvariable xor xvariables.
10. A xresearcher xconducts xa xstudy xto xexamine xpossible xcontributors xto xglycemic xcontrol xin
xa xgroup xof xsubjects xwho xhave xtype x2 xdiabetes xmellitus xin xa xlocal xcommunity. xA
xconvenience xsample xof xpatients xincludes xpatients xfrom x28 xto x65 xyears xold xwho xrange xin
xweight xfrom xnormal xto xobese, xwith xtime xsince xdiagnosis xranging xfrom xseveral xmonths xto
xseveral xyears. xTo xdetermine xcausality xin xthis xstudy, xthe xresearcher xwill:
a.
discuss xoutcomes xin xterms xof xthe xprobability xthat xeducation xwill ximprove xglycemic
control.
b.
increase xthe xmanipulation xof xthe xindependent xvariable xto xallow xgreater xcontrol xby xthe
researcher.
c.
identify xmulticausal xvariables xthat xmay xinfluence xthe xoutcome xof xglycemic xcontrol
measures.
d.
limit xthe xstudy xto xyounger xpersons xonly xto xminimize xthe xeffects xof xextraneous
xvariables.
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
Probability xaddresses xrelative xand xnot xabsolute xcausality xand xmay xbe xused xwhen xgiven
effects xare xnot xproduced xconsistently.
B
In xthis xcase, xincreasing xthe xmanipulation xof xthe xindependent xvariable xdoes xnot xalter xthe
influence xof xmultiple xcauses.
C
Multicausality xis xthe xpresence xof xmultiple xcauses xfor xan xeffect. xIn xthis xstudy,
xpatient xage, xweight, xand xlength xof xtime xof xdiagnosis xmay xall xinfluence xthe
xoutcome xand xshould xbe
addressed xas xfactors xthat xmay xalter xthe xresults.
D
Limiting xthe xstudy xto xpatients xof xa xcertain xage xonly xcontrols xfor xone xextraneous
xvariable.
11. A xstudy xin xwhich xsubjects xare xassigned xby xthe xresearcher xinto xexperimental xand xcontrol
xgroups xincreases:
a.
bias.
b.
control.
c.
manipulation
d.
validity.
ANS: xA
Feedback
A
Bias xoccurs xwhen xthe xattitudes xor xmotivations xof xthe xresearcher xcause xa xdeviation
xfrom xa xtrue xmeasurement xof xthe xstudy xvariables. xThis xmay xoccur xwhen
xresearchers xcontrol
assignment xto xstudy xgroups.
B
Control xis xused xto xmanage xmanipulation xof xvariables xand xto xreduce xextraneous xfactors
xin
the xenvironment xthat xmight xalter xoutcomes.
C
Manipulation xof xindependent xvariables xis xused xto xevaluate xchanges xin xdependent
variables.
D
Researcher xcontrol xover xassignment xinto xgroups xdoes xnot xincrease xa xstudys xvalidity.
12. In xa xquasi-experimental xstudy xexamining xthe xeffects xof xnonpharmacologic xtreatments
xon xpostoperative xpain xmanagement, xthe xresearcher xtrains xnursing xstaff xso xthat xall
xexperimental xgroup xsubjects xreceive xthe xsame xtypes xof xtreatments. xThis xis xan xexample
xof:
a.
bias.
b.
manipulation.
c.
reliability.
d.
validity.
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Bias xrefers xto xinterference xby xthe xresearcher xthat xinfluences xthe xoutcome xof xa xstudy.
B
Manipulation xis xa xform xof xcontrol xused xin xquasi-experimental xand xexperimental xstudies
and xmay xinvolve xcontrol xof xthe xintervention xso xthat xit xis xapplied xconsistently.
C
Reliability xand xvalidity xare xrelated xto xconsistency xand xtrustworthiness xof xmeasurement
tools.
D
Reliability xand xvalidity xare xrelated xto xconsistency xand xtrustworthiness xof xmeasurement
tools.
13. A xresearcher xconducts xa xquasi-experimental xstudy xto xdetermine xwhether xthere xis
xappropriate xweight xgain xamong xpremature xinfants xwho xare xfed xaccording xto xcue-based
xprotocols. xThe xresearcher xtrained xneonatal xintensive xcare xnurses xto xapply xcue-based
xfeeding xto xorally xfed xinfants
and xnotes xa xstatistical xdifference xin xweight xgain xbetween xinfants xfed xaccording xto xcuebased xprotocols xand xthose xfed xaccording xto xstandard xprotocols. xThe xreviewer xcritiquing
xthe xstudy xnotes xthat xnot xall xnurses xcompleted xthe xcue-based xfeeding xmodule. xThis
xwould xaffect xwhich xtype xof xvalidity?
a.
Construct xvalidity
b.
External xvalidity
c.
Internal xvalidity
d.
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
Construct xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xthe xfit xbetween xconceptual xand xoperational
xvariables
and xrequires xadequate xconceptual xand xoperational xdefinitions.
B
External xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xthe xextent xto xwhich xfindings xcan xbe xgeneralized
beyond xthe xstudy xsample.
C
Internal xvalidity xlooks xat xthe xinfluence xof xextraneous xvariables xon xstudy xoutcomes.
D
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xwhether xthe xconclusions xbased xon
xstatistical xanalyses xare xan xaccurate xreflection xof xthe xreal xworld. xThis xcan xbe
xthreatened xby xanything xinterfering xwith xconsistent ximplementation xof xa xvariable,
xincluding xinadequate
training xof xindividuals xwho ximplement xthe xintervention.
14. A xresearcher xconducts xa xquasi-experimental xstudy xto xdetermine xwhether xthere xis
ximproved xweight xgain xamong xpremature xinfants xwho xare xfed xaccording xto xcue-based
xprotocols. xThe xresearcher xtrained xneonatal xintensive xcare xnurses xto xapply xcue-based
xfeeding xto xorally xfed xinfants xand xnotes xa xstatistical xdifference xin xweight xgain xbetween
xinfants xfed xaccording xto xcue-based xprotocols xand xthose xfed xaccording xto xstandard
xprotocols. xThe xreviewer xnotes xthat xcomponents xof xcue-based xfeedings xare xnot xclearly
xidentified. xThis xis xa xthreat xto:
a.
construct xvalidity.
b.
external xvalidity.
c.
internal xvalidity.
d.
statistical xconclusion xvalidity.
ANS: xA
Feedback
A
Construct xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xthe xfit xbetween xconceptual xand xoperational
xvariables
and xrequires xadequate xconceptual xand xoperational xdefinitions.
B
External xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xthe xextent xto xwhich xfindings xcan xbe xgeneralized
beyond xthe xstudy xsample.
C
Internal xvalidity xlooks xat xthe xinfluence xof xextraneous xvariables xon xstudy
xoutcomes. xStatistical xconclusion xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xwhether xthe
xconclusions xbased xon
D
statistical xanalyses xare xan xaccurate xreflection xof xthe xreal xworld.
15. A xresearcher xconducts xa xquasi-experimental xstudy xto xdetermine xwhether xthere xis
ximproved xweight xgain xamong xpremature xinfants xwho xare xfed xaccording xto xcue-based
xprotocols. xThe xresearcher xtrained xneonatal xintensive xcare xnurses xto xapply xcue-based
xfeeding xto xorally xfed xinfants xand xnotes xa xstatistical xdifference xin xweight xgain xbetween
xinfants xfed xaccording xto xcue-based xprotocols xand xthose xfed xaccording xto xstandard
xprotocols. xWhich xmight xbe xa xthreat xto xinternal xvalidity xin xthis xstudy?
a.
The xconcept xof xcue-based xfeeding xis xnot xwell xdefined.
b.
The xstudy xsample xis xhomogeneous.
c.
Some xinfants xdeveloped xgastroenteritis.
d.
Not xall xnurses xreceived xcue-based xprotocol xeducation.
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
Inadequate xdefinitions xof xconstructs xare xthreats xto xconstruct xvalidity.
B
External xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xthe xextent xto xwhich xfindings xcan xbe
xgeneralized xbeyond xthe xstudy xsample. xA xstudy xwith xa xmore xhomogenous xsample
xis xless xlikely xto xhave
findings xthat xcan xbe xgeneralized xto xother xpopulations.
C
Internal xvalidity xlooks xat xthe xinfluence xof xextraneous xvariables xon xstudy xoutcomes.
D
Statistical xconclusion xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xwhether xthe xconclusions xbased xon
xstatistical xanalyses xare xan xaccurate xreflection xof xthe xreal xworld. xIf xnot xall xnurses
xreceived
cue-based xeducation, xthe xintervention ximplementation xwill xbe xunreliable.
16. A xresearcher xconducts xa xquasi-experimental xstudy xto xdetermine xwhether xthere xis
ximproved xweight xgain xamong xpremature xinfants xwho xare xfed xaccording xto xcue-based
xprotocols. xThe xresearcher xtrained xneonatal xintensive xcare xnurses xto xapply xcue-based
xfeeding xto xorally xfed xinfants xand xnotes xa xstatistical xdifference xin xweight xgain xbetween
xinfants xfed xaccording xto xcue-based xprotocols xand xthose xfed xaccording xto xstandard
xprotocols. xThe xreviewer xnotes xthat xparents xwho
gave xconsent xto xparticipate xin xthe xstudy xwere xfrom xa xhigher xsocioeconomic xclass xthan xthe
xpopulation xas xa xwhole. xThis xis xa xthreat xto:
a.
construct xvalidity.
b.
external xvalidity.
c.
internal xvalidity.
d.
statistical xconclusion xvalidity.
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Construct xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xthe xfit xbetween xconceptual xand xoperational
xvariables
and xrequires xadequate xconceptual xand xoperational xdefinitions.
B
External xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xthe xextent xto xwhich xfindings xcan xbe xgeneralized
beyond xthe xstudy xsample.
C
Internal xvalidity xlooks xat xthe xinfluence xof xextraneous xvariables xon xstudy
xoutcomes. xStatistical xconclusion xvalidity xis xconcerned xwith xwhether xthe
xconclusions xbased xon
D
statistical xanalyses xare xan xaccurate xreflection xof xthe xreal xworld.
17. A xresearcher xdevelops xa x7-point xLikert xscale xto xevaluate xfeelings xof xwell-being xin
xpatients xwho xare xundergoing xchemotherapy. xThe xresearcher xadministers xthis xmeasure
xto xother, xsimilar xpatients xin xother xmedical xcenters. xThis xis xdone xin xorder xto:
a.
decrease xmono-operation xbias.
b.
improve xthe xtest-retest xreliability.
c.
increase xinterrater xreliability.
d.
strengthen xthe xoperational xdefinition xof xconstructs.
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Mono-operation xbias xoccurs xwhen xonly xone xmeasure xis xused xto xevaluate xan xoutcome.
B
To ximprove xthe xreliability xof xthe xmeasurement xtool, xit xshould xbe xtested xin xvarious
xsettings
to xdetermine xwhether xit xgives xconsistent xmeasures xeach xtime xit xis xused.
C
Interrater xreliability xrefers xto xconsistent xresults xthat xoccur xwhen xvarious xpeople
xadminister
study xmeasures.
D
Evaluating xthe xconsistency xof xa xmeasurement xtool xdoes xnot xaffect xthe xoperational
definition xof xconstructs.
18. In xa xresearch xstudy, xambulatory xclinic xnurses xteach xchildren xwith xasthma xhow xto
xmonitor xpeak xexpiratory xflow xvolumes xand xhow xto xuse xmetered-dose xinhalers xto
xdetermine xwhether xasthma xcontrol xscores ximprove. xThe xresearcher xdiscovers
xinconsistencies xin xhow xthese xmeasures xwere xtaught xand xhow xwell xthe xchildren
xunderstood xthe xconcepts. xThis xrepresents xa xlack xof:
a.
control xof xextraneous xvariables.
b.
internal xvalidity.
c.
intervention xfidelity.
d.
precision xof xmeasurement.
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
To xcontrol xfor xextraneous xvariables, xthe xresearcher xwould xidentify xcharacteristics xof
subjects xor xsettings xthat xmight xinfluence xoutcomes.
B
Internal xvalidity xlooks xat xthe xinfluence xof xextraneous xvariables xon xstudy xoutcomes.
C
Consistent ximplementation xof xthe xtreatment xis xreferred xto xas xintervention xfidelity. xIf
xthe xmethod xof xadministering xa xresearch xintervention xvaries xfrom xone xperson xto
xanother, xthe
chance xof xidentifying xa xtrue xdifference xbased xon xthe xindependent xvariables xdecreases.
D
Precision xof xmeasurement xrefers xto xwhether xor xnot xthe xtools xyield xthe xsame xreadings xor
findings xfrom xone xtest xto xanother.
19. A xresearcher xwishes xto xconduct xa xstudy xof xa xsmall xnumber xof xsubjects xon xa xlarge
xhospital xintensive xcare xunit. xTo xminimize xproblems xassociated xwith xextraneous
xvariables xin xthe xstudy xsetting, xthe xresearcher xwill:
a.
ensure xdouble-blind xdata xcollection xmethods.
b.
randomly xassign xsubjects xto xtreatment xand xcontrol xgroups.
c.
test xthe xreliability xof xstudy xmeasures.
d.
train xa xsmall xnumber xof xnurses xto xadminister xthe xintervention.
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
B
Double-blind xdata xcollection, xrandom xassignment xof xsubjects, xand xreliability xof xtest
measures xare ximportant xto ximprove xcontrol xand xreduce xbias.
Extraneous xvariables xin xcomplex xsettings xcan xinfluence xscores xon xthe xdependent
xvariable.
C
Double-blind xdata xcollection, xrandom xassignment xof xsubjects, xand xreliability xof xtest
measures xare ximportant xto ximprove xcontrol xand xreduce xbias.
D
One xway xto xreduce xthe xeffect xof xextraneous xvariables xis xto xtrain xa xsmall xnumber xof
xstaff xto
administer xthe xintervention xto ximprove xconsistency.
20. A xresearcher xreviews xdemographic xcharacteristics xof xpotential xstudy xsubjects, xsuch xas
xage xand xgender, xto xdetermine xwhether xthese xcharacteristics xmay xinfluence xthe xoutcome
xof xthe xstudy. xThis xis xdone xto xhelp xensure:
a.
construct xvalidity.
b.
external xvalidity.
c.
internal xvalidity.
d.
statistical xconclusion xvalidity.
ANS: xC
Chapter x21 xQualitative xResearch xDesign xand xApproaches
Qualitative xstudies xuse xan xemergent
1. xdesign. xWhen xdoes xthe xresearch
xdesign xevolve?
A)
During xthe xconduct xof xthe
xliterature xreview.
B)
While xthe xresearcher xdevelops
xa xconceptual xframework.
C)
During xthe xprocess xof xdoing xconstant
xcomparisons.
D)
While xthe xresearcher xis xin xthe xfield
xcollecting xand xanalyzing xdata.
2.
Which xdesign xfeature xcan xapply xto xboth xa
xqualitative xand xquantitative xstudy?
A)
Manipulation xof xthe xindependent xvariable.
B)
Cross xsectional xversus xlongitudinal
xdata xcollection.
C)
Control xover xextraneous xvariables.
D)
Random xassignment xof xstudy xparticipants.
3.
What xdiscipline xdoes xthe xresearch
xtradition xknown xas xethnoscience xhave
xits xroots?
A)
Anthropology
B)
Philosophy
C)
Psychology
D)
Sociology
What xdiscipline xdoes xthe xresearch
4. xtradition xknown xas xethnomethodology
xhave xits xroots?
A)
Anthropology
B)
Philosophy
C)
Psychology
D)
Sociology
The xresearch xtradition xknown xas
5. xhermeneutics xis xclosely xallied xwith xwhat
xother xresearch xtradition?
A)
Ethnography
B)
Phenomenology
C)
Ethology
D)
Symbolic xinteraction
6. What xdo xethnographers xstrive xto xacquire?
A)
Emic xperspective xof xa xculture
B)
Etic xperspective xof xa xculture
C)
Link xthe xetic xand xemic xperspectives xinto
xa xunified xwhole
D)
Review xthe xhermeneutic xof xthe xculture
7.
What xis xone xmethod xof xfacilitating
xbracketing?
A)
Tacit xknowledge
B)
Bricolage
C)
Emic xperspective
D)
Reflexive xjournals
8.
What xare xethnographers xconducting xwhen
xthey xstudy xtheir xown xculture xor xgroup?
A)
Autoethnography
B)
Microethnology
C)
Macroethnology
D)
Institutional xethnology
9.
Which xapproach xaims xto xdiscover
xtheoretical xprecepts xgrounded xin xthe
xdata?
A)
Grounded xtheory
B)
Ethnography
C)
Phenomenology
D)
Ethology
The xproduct xof xethnographic xresearch xis xa
xholistic xdescription xof xthe xculture, xbut
10. xsometimes xthe xproducts xare xperformance
xethnographies. xWhat xis xperformance
xethnography?
A)
Interpretive xscripts xthat xcan xbe xperformed
B)
Focus xon xthe xorganization xof
xprofessional
xservices
xfrom
xthe
xperspective xof xthe xfront- xline xworker
C)
Focus xon xthe xgroup xor xculture xto xwhich
xthe xresearcher xbelongs
Putting xtogether xan xarray xof xdata
xdrawn xfrom xmany xsources xto xarrive
xat xa xholistic xunderstanding xof xa
xphenomenon
D)
11.
What xtype xof xqualitative xresearch xuses
xstories xas xcenter xstage?
A)
Discourse xanalysis
B)
Narrative xanalysis
C)
Descriptive xqualitative xanalysis
D)
Qualitative xcontent xanalysis
12. What xis xone xtype xof xaction xresearch?
A)
Participatory
B)
Discourse xanalysis
C)
Descriptive xqualitative xanalysis
D)
Qualitative xcontent xanalysis
13.
What xis xthe xgreatest xstrength xof xa
xcase xstudy?
A)
Generalize
B)
Obtain xdepth
C)
Use xanecdotal xmaterial
D)
Describe xperipheral xmaterial
14.
What xcan xbe xlocated xin xarchives xthat
xare xused xby xhistorical xresearchers?
A)
Primary xand xsecondary xsources
B)
Primary xand xtertiary xsources
C)
Secondary xand xtertiary xsources
D)
Primary xsecondary xand xtertiary xsources
What xdiscipline xdoes xthe xresearch
15. xtradition
xknown
xas
xsymbolic
xinteraction xhave xas xits xroots?
A)
Anthropology
B)
Philosophy
C)
Ethology
D)
Sociology
16.
Which xapproach xis xassociated
xwith xsymbolic xinteraction?
A)
Grounded xtheory
B)
Ethnology
C)
Phenomenology
D)
Ethology
What xtype xof xresearch xtradition xseeks
17. xto
xunderstand
xthe
xrules,
xmechanisms,
xand
xstructure
xof
xconversations xand xtests?
A)
Semiotic xanalysis
B)
Ethnoscientific xanalysis
C)
Hermeneutics xanalysis
D)
Discourse xanalysis
There xare xthree xbroad xtypes xof
18. xinformation xsought xby xethnographers.
xWhat xis xcultural xbehavior?
A)
What xmembers xof xthe xculture xdo
B)
What xpeople xmake xand xuse
C)
What xpeople xsay
D)
Where xpeople xwork
Many xnurse xresearchers xhave xundertaken
xethnographic xstudies. xWhat xis xthe xfirst
19.
xphase xof xLeininger's xobservation–
xparticipation–reflection xenabler xmodel?
A)
Primary xobservation xand xactive xlistening
B)
Primary xobservation xwith xlimited
xparticipation
C)
Primary xparticipation xwith xcontinuing
xobservation
D)
Primary xreflection xand xreconfirmation
xof xresults xwith xinformants
20.
What xtype xof xphenomena xdo
xphenomenologists xinvestigate?
A)
Subjective
B)
Objective
C)
Cognitive
D)
Psychomotor
Answer xKey
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. D
16. A
17. D
18. A
19. A
20. A
Chapter x22 xSampling xin xQualitative xResearch
Qualitative xresearchers xuse xthe
xconceptual xdemands xof xthe xstudy xto
1. xselect xarticulate xand xreflective
xinformants xwith xcertain xtypes xof
xexperience xin xan xemergent xway. xWhat
xis xa xtypical xqualitative xsample?
A)
Large, xrandom
B)
Small, xrandom
C)
Large, xnonrandom
D)
Small, xnonrandom
Qualitative xresearchers xoften xbegin xwith
xa xsample xwhere xpotential xparticipants
2.
xcome xforward xand xidentify xthemselves.
xWhat xtype xof xsample xis xbeing xused?
A)
Convenience
B)
Snowball
C)
Purposive
D)
Purposeful
Qualitative xresearchers, xlike
xquantitative xresearchers, xsometimes
3. xask xearly xinformants xto xrefer xto xother
xstudy xparticipants. xWhat xtype xof
xsample xis xbeing xused?
A)
Convenience
B)
Snowball
C)
Purposive
D)
Purposeful
Many xqualitative xstudies xeventually
4. xevolve xto xselecting xcases xthat xwill xmost
xbenefit xthe xstudy. xWhat xtype xof
xsample xis xbeing xused?
A)
Convenience
B)
Volunteer
C)
Snowball
D)
Purposive
The xbroad xcategory xof xpurposive
5. xsampling xinvolves xgeneral xgoals. xWhat
xis xone xof xthe xbroad xgeneral xgoals?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Find xexamples xthat xare xrepresentative xor
xtypical xof xa xspecific xgroup xon xsome
xdimension xof xinterest.
Sampling xto xset xup xthe xpossibility xof
xcomparisons xor xreplications xacross
xsimilar xtypes xof xcases xon xa
xdimension xof xinterest.
Find xexamples xthat xare xrepresentative xor
xtypical xof xa xbroader xgroup xon xsome
xdimension xof xinterest.
Sampling xto xset xup xthe xpossibility xof
xcomparisons xor xreplications xacross
xrandom xcases xon xa xdimension xof
xinterest.
Various xpurposive xsampling xstrategies
xhave xbeen xused xby xqualitative
6. xresearchers. xWhat xis xan ximportant
xpurposive xstrategy xfor xsampling xfor
xrepresentativeness xor xcomparative
xvalue?
A)
Maximum xvariation xsampling
B)
Critical xcase xsampling
C)
Criterion xsampling
D)
Sampling xpolitically ximportant xcases
Although xmany xqualitative xsampling
xstrategies xunfold xwhile xin xthe xfield,
xpurposive xsampling xin xthe
7.
xsequential xcategory xinvolves
xdeliberative xemergent xefforts. xWhat
xis xan xexample xof xthis xcategory xof
xpurposive xsampling?
A)
Opportunistic xsampling
B)
Reputational xcase xsampling
C)
Critical xcase xsampling
D)
Stratified xpurposeful xsampling
What xtype xof xsample xinvolves
8. xselecting xcases xthat xare xespecially
ximportant xor xillustrative?
A)
Critical xcase xsampling
B)
Maximum xvariation xsampling
C)
Homogeneous xsampling
D)
Typical xcase xsampling
What xtype xof xsample xidentifies xand
xgains xaccess xto xa xcase xrepresenting xa
9.
xphenomenon xthat xwas xpreviously
xinaccessible xto xresearch xscrutiny?
A)
Critical xcase xsampling
B)
Criterion xsampling
C)
Revelatory xcase xsampling
D)
Sampling xpolitically ximportant xcases
What xtype xof xsample xadds xnew xcases
xbased xon xchanges xin xresearch
10.
xcircumstances xor xin xresponse xto xnew
xleads xthat xdevelop xin xthe xfield?
A)
Theory-based xsampling
B)
Opportunistic xsampling
C)
Sampling xconfirming xand xdisconfirming
xcases
D)
Sampling xpolitically ximportant xcases
What xtype xof xsample xselects xcases
11. xbased xon xa xrecommendation xof xan
xexpert xor xkey xinformant?
A)
Homogeneous xsampling
B)
Typical xcase xsampling
C)
Extreme xcase xsampling
D)
Reputational xcase xsampling
12.
What xtype xof xsample xselects xcases xthat
xare xintense xbut xnot xextreme?
A)
Typical xcase xsampling
B)
Extreme xcase xsampling
C)
Intensity xsampling
D)
Stratified xpurposeful xsampling
What xtype xof xsample xoccurs xwhen
13. xonly xaverage, xabove xaverage, xor xbelow
xaverage xcases xare xselected?
A)
Typical xcase xsampling
B)
Extreme xcase xsampling
C)
Intensity xsampling
D)
Stratified xpurposeful xsampling
14.
What xmain xqualitative xtradition
xis xtheoretical xsampling xguided
xby?
A)
Ethnography
B)
Phenomenological xstudies
C)
Grounded xtheory xstudies
D)
Sociology
15.
Which xtype xof xsample xmay xrequire xmore
xcases xto xreach xdata xsaturation?
A)
Convenience xsample
B)
Purposive xsample
C)
Theoretical xsample
D)
Extreme xcase xsample
16. What xis xdata xsaturation?
A)
Sampling xto xthe xpoint xat xwhich xnew
xinformation xis xcontinually xobtained
B)
Sampling xto xthe xpoint xat xwhich xnew
xinformation xis xcontinually xobtained
xwith xno xredundancy
C)
Sampling xto xthe xpoint xat xwhich xno xnew
xinformation xis xobtained xwith xany
xredundancy
Sampling xto xthe xpoint xat xwhich xno xnew
xinformation xis xobtained xand xredundancy
xis xachieved
D)
What xtype xof xresearcher xoften xuses xkey
17. xinformants xwho xserve xas xguides xand
xinterpreters xof xthe xculture?
A)
Ethnographers
B)
Phenomenologists
C)
Grounded xtheory xresearchers
D)
Sociologists
Phenomenologists xtypically xwork xwith
xwhat xsize xsample xwho xmeets xthe
18.
xcriterion xof xhaving xlived xthe
xexperience xunder xstudy?
A)
10 xor xfewer
B)
11–15
C)
16–19
D)
20–30
19.
Grounded xtheory xresearchers xtypically
xwork xwith xwhat xsize xsample?
A)
10 xor xfewer
B)
11–15
C)
16–19
D)
20–30
Generalizability xin xqualitative xresearch
xis xcontroversial. xWhat xwidely xused
xmodel xof xgeneralizability xinvolves
20.
xjudgments xabout xwhether xfindings
xfrom xan xinquiry xcan xbe xextrapolated
xto xa xdifferent xsetting xor xgroup xof
xpeople?
A)
Analytic xgeneralization
B)
Transferability
C)
Thick xdescription
D)
Proximal xsimilarity
Answer xKey
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. D
12. C
13. D
14. C
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. A
19. D
20. B
Chapter x23 xData xCollection xin xQualitative xResearch
1. What xrole xdoes xqualitative xresearch xplay xin xevidence-based xpractice x(EBP)?
a.
b.
Because xit xdoes xnot xinvolve xrandom-controlled xtrials x(RCTs), xit xdoes xnot xcontribute
directly xto xEBP.
It xoffers xa xsystematic xapproach xfor xyielding xinsights xinto xhuman xexperience xand
xbehavior.
c.
It xprovides xa xway xto xmeasure xand xevaluate xquality xoutcomes xthat xaffect xpatient xcare.
d.
It xprovides xthe xbasis xfor xmost xEBP xguidelines xand xpatient xcare xprotocols.
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Many xinsights xgained xthrough xqualitative xstudies xare xused xto xdevelop xtheories xon xwhich
RCTs xmay xbe xbased.
Qualitative xresearch xoffers xa xsystematic xapproach xfor xcollecting xdata xabout xand xevaluating
B
human xperception xand xexperience xthat xcannot xbe xachieved xthrough xexperimental
xresearch.
C
Qualitative xresearch xis xnot xconcerned xsolely xwith xoutcomes xresearch, xwhich xlooks xat xthe
effects xof xnursing xinterventions xon xpatient xcare xoutcomes.
D
RCTs xare xthe xbasis xfor xmost xEBP xguidelines xand xprotocols
2. A xresearcher xidentifies xa xsocioeconomic xgroup xof xpeople xto xstudy. xAfter xdeveloping xa
xrapport xwith xkey xmembers xof xthe xgroup, xgetting xinformation xabout xgroup xmembers xfrom
xthe xkey xmembers, xand xspending xtime xworking xamong xgroup xmembers, xthe xresearcher
xdevelops xtheories xabout xthe xgroup xbased xon xthis xexperience. xWhich xtype xof xqualitative
xresearch xdoes xthis xrepresent?
a.
Ethnographic
b.
Grounded xtheory
c.
Historical
d.
Phenomenological
ANS: xA
Feedback
A
Ethnographic xresearch xwas xdeveloped xby xanthropologists xas xa xmechanism xfor
xstudying xcultures xand xinvolves ximmersion xin xthe xgroup xin xorder xto xmake
xobservations xand xget
information.
B
Grounded xtheory xresearch xis xan xinductive xtechnique xthat xemerged xfrom xthe
xdiscipline xof xsociology. xEthnographic xresearch xwas xdeveloped xby xanthropologists xas
xa xmechanism xfor
studying xcultures.
C
Historical xresearch xexamines xevents xof xthe xpast. xEthnographic xresearch xwas xdeveloped
xby
anthropologists xas xa xmechanism xfor xstudying xcultures.
Phenomenological xresearch xdescribes xexperiences xas xthey xare xlived. xEthnographic
D
research xwas xdeveloped xby xanthropologists xas xa xmechanism xfor xstudying
xcultures.
3. What xis xtrue xabout xphenomena xin xqualitative xresearch?
a.
Human xbehavior xis xgenerally xthe xresult xof xthe xdirect xinfluence xof xindependent xvariables.
b.
Knowledge xgained xby xqualitative xresearch xis xconcrete xand xderived xfrom xstatistical xdata.
c.
Multiple xrealities xare xpossible xbased xon xmeanings xcreated xby xindividuals xand xgroups.
d.
Time xand xcontext xhave xvery xlittle xinfluence xon xindividual xor xgroup xperspectives.
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
Human xbehavior xis xcomplex xand xnot xjust xthe xresult xof xthe xinfluence xof xindependent
variables.
B
Knowledge xgained xin xqualitative xresearch xis xless xconcrete xthan xthat xgained xthrough
quantitative xresearch.
C
The xunderstanding xof xphenomena xin xqualitative xresearch xis xnot xthe xsame xas xin
xquantitative xresearch. xIn xqualitative xresearch, xmultiple xrealities, xbased xon xindividual
xand
group xmeanings, xmay xbe xderived xfrom xresearch xdata.
D
Phenomena xin xqualitative xresearch xare xconsidered xunique xto xthe xindividual xand xin xthe
time xand xthe xcontext xthat xthey xoccur.
4. A xresearcher xconducts xa xqualitative xstudy xand xlearns xthat xindividuals xhave xa xvariety xof
xreactions xto xan xevent. xWhat xcan xthe xresearcher xconclude xfrom xthis xfinding?
a.
The xfindings xare xinteresting, xbut xare xnot xuseful xfor xtheory xdevelopment.
b.
The xreactions xdescribed xin xthis xstudy xmay xbe xgeneralized xto xa xlarger xpopulation.
c.
The xstudy xhas xlittle xsignificance xsince xthere xis xno xwell-defined xsingle xoutcome.
d.
The xvariety xof xreactions xis xexpected xsince xperception xvaries xwith xindividuals.
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
Findings xin xqualitative xstudies xare xoften xused xto xguide xinitial xtheory xdevelopment xwhose
constructs xare xlater xtested xthrough xexperimental xstudies.
B
Reactions xin xqualitative xstudies xdo xnot xhave xstatistical xsignificance xand xcannot xbe
generalized xto xa xlarger xpopulation.
C
Even xwithout xa xwell-defined xoutcome, xthe xresults xdo xhave xsignificance xand xcontribute xto
the xlarger xbody xof xscientific xknowledge.
D
Because xmeaning xis xsubjective, xthere xcan xbe xmultiple xrealities xin xqualitative xresearch,
which xseeks xto xlearn xhow xindividuals xand xgroups xrespond xto xexperiences.
5. A xresearcher xdevelops xa xstudy xto xexamine xvarious xphenomena xthat xcontribute xto
xtheory xdevelopment. xThis xis xan xexample xof xwhich xtype xof xresearch?
a.
Ethnographic xresearch
b.
Grounded xtheory xresearch
c.
Historical xresearch
d.
Phenomenological xresearch
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Ethnographers xobserve xand xdocument xinteractions xwithin xa xculture.
B
Grounded xtheory xdevelops xtheory xdirectly xfrom xthe xresearch xdata.
C
Historical xresearch xexamines xevents xof xthe xpast.
D
Phenomenological xresearch xattempts xto xcapture xthe xlived xexperience xof xstudy
participants.
6. A xresearcher xconducts xa xstudy xto xexamine xthe xfeelings xof xcancer xpatients xat xvarious
xpoints xduring xtheir xdisease, xincluding xat xdiagnosis, xwhen xbeginning xchemotherapy,
xand xduring xremission. xWhich xtype xof xstudy xwill xthe xresearcher xuse xfor xthis xstudy?
a.
Ethnographic
b.
Grounded xTheory
c.
Historical
d.
Phenomenological
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
Ethnographers xobserve xand xdocument xinteractions xwithin xa xculture.
B
Grounded xtheory xdevelops xtheory xdirectly xfrom xthe xresearch xdata.
C
Historical xresearch xexamines xevents xof xthe xpast.
D
Phenomenological xresearch xattempts xto xcapture xthe xlived xexperience xof xstudy
participants.
7. What xis xtrue xabout xscientific xrigor xin xqualitative xnursing xresearch?
a.
Studies xare xrigorous xonly xwhen xresults xare xquantifiable.
b.
Study xfindings xare xconsidered xtrustworthy xwhen xrigor xis xapplied.
c.
Scientific xrigor xis xnot xapplicable xwith xqualitative xstudies.
d.
Scientific xrigor xis xonly xused xwith xrandom-controlled xtrials.
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Rigor xcan xbe xapplied xto xqualitative xresearch.
B
Rigor xis xvalued xbecause xthe xfindings xof xrigorous xstudies xare xseen xas xbeing xmore
xcredible
and xof xgreater xworth.
C
Rigor xcan xbe xapplied xto xboth xqualitative xand xquantitative xresearch.
D
Rigor xis xused xwith xqualitative xresearch.
8. When xdesigning xa xstudy, xwhich xhas xthe xgreatest xinfluence xas xa xresearcher xdecides
xwhich xtype xof xqualitative xstudy xdesign xto xuse?
a.
Funding xand xresources
b.
Literature xreview
c.
Population
d.
Research xquestion
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
Funding xand xresources xinfluence xthe xsize xof xthe xpopulation xand xthe xtypes xof xmeasures
xthat
may xbe xemployed.
B
The xliterature xreview xand xthe xpopulation xdo xnot xinfluence xthe xstudy xdesign xdirectly.
C
The xliterature xreview xand xthe xpopulation xdo xnot xinfluence xthe xstudy xdesign xdirectly.
D
Deciding xwhich xqualitative xapproach xto xuse xdepends xon xthe xresearch xquestion xand xthe
purpose xof xthe xstudy.
9. A xresearcher xwishes xto xlearn xabout xthe xexperiences xthat xwomen xhave xwhen
xbreastfeeding xtheir xinfants xin xthe xworkplace. xWhich xtype xof xstudy xdesign xwill xthe
xresearcher xemploy?
a.
Ethnographic
b.
Exploratory-descriptive
c.
Grounded xtheory
d.
Historical
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Ethnographers xobserve xand xdocument xinteractions xwithin xa xculture.
B
Exploratory-descriptive xstudies xare xused xwhen xresearchers xare xexploring xa xnew xtopic xor
describing xa xsituation.
C
Grounded xtheory xdevelops xtheory xdirectly xfrom xthe xresearch xdata.
D
Historical xresearch xexamines xevents xof xthe xpast.
10. A xresearcher xwho xbases xphenomenological xresearch xon xHusserls xphilosophy xwill:
a.
incorporate xpersonal xbiases xinto xconclusions xand xdiscussion xof xthe xresearch.
b.
interpret xsubjects xexperiences xaccording xto xthe xresearchers xown xbiases.
c.
place xpersonal xbiases xaside xwhen xconsidering xand xreporting xresearch xfindings.
d.
use xpersonal xbiases xto xlook xfor xhidden xmeanings xin xresearch xdata.
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
This xis xnot xan xaccurate xstatement.
B
This xis xnot xan xaccurate xstatement.
According xto xHusserl, xto xcapture xthe xlived xexperience xof xstudy xparticipants, xthe
xresearcher xmust xset xaside xpersonal xbiases xto xdescribe xthe xphenomena xin xa xnave
xway.
C
Heidegger xdescribes xways xthat xpersonal xbiases xare xincorporated xinto xqualitative xresearch.
D
This xis xnot xan xaccurate xstatement.
11. What xis xa xkey xelement xof xhermeneutics xin xresearch?
a.
Analysis xof xdocuments xand xinterviews xto xidentify xthemes xand xsubthemes xin xdata
b.
Bracketing xof xthe xresearchers xown xperceptions xfor xthe xduration xof xthe xstudy
c.
Description xof xphenomena xwithout xinterpretation xby xthe xresearcher
d.
Focusing xsolely xon xphenomena xthemselves xwithout xconsideration xof xbiases
ANS: xA
Feedback
A
Hermeneutics xis xa xtype xof xinterpretive xphenomenological xresearch xmethod xthat
xinvolves xtextual xanalysis xand xidentification xof xthemes xand xsubthemes xpresent xin
xinterviews xand
published xdocuments xin xlight xof xthe xstudys xresearch xquestions.
B
Husserl xsuggested xthat xthe xresearcher xmust xbracket xpersonal xbiases xin xorder xto
xexamine xthe xresearch xdata. xHusserl xdiffers xfrom xHeidigger xin xthis xregard.Heidigger
xargued xthat xit xis
impossible xto xset xaside xbeliefs xand xbiases.
C
Heidiggers xapproach xis xinterpretive xand xis xpart xof xhermeneutics.
D
Heidigger xbelieved xthat xresearchers xcannot xset xaside xtheir xbiases.
12. When xperforming xan xexternal xcriticism xof xthe xdocuments xused xin xhistorical
xresearch, xthe xreviewer xmust xdetermine xwhether xthe xdocuments xare:
a.
genuine xor xfraudulent.
b.
interesting xor xdull.
c.
well xknown xor xobscure.
d.
written xby xauthors xwho xare xstill xliving.
ANS: xA
Feedback
A
External xcriticism xdetermines xthe xvalidity xof xsource xmaterial.
B
Whether xor xnot xthe xdocument xis xinteresting xhas xlittle xto xdo xwith xthe ximportance xof xthe
document.
C
As xlong xas xthe xdocument xis xgenuine xand xof xinterest xto xthe xstudy, xwhether xit xis xwell
xknown
or xnot xis xirrelevant.
D
Although xit xmight xbe xuseful xto xknow xwhether xor xnot xthe xwriters xof xthe xdocument xare
living, xthis xdoes xnot xrelate xto xexternal xcriticism.
13. What xis xtrue xabout xgrounded xtheory xresearch?
a.
It xis xa xmethod xused xto xquantify xtheoretical xconstructs xin xtheory xdevelopment.
b.
It xis xused xto xfurther xresearch xin xareas xwhere xmuch xconcrete xdata xis xalready xknown.
c.
Study xdesigns xuse xa xtheoretical xbasis xto xdevelop xthe xresearch xquestions.
d.
Theory xis xdeveloped xfrom xthe xdata xcollected xduring xthe xresearch.
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
Experimental xstudies xare xused xto xquantify xtheoretical xconstructs xto xtest xtheories.
B
Grounded xtheory xresearch xis xpreliminary xand xis xoften xused xwhen xlittle xis xknown xabout
xa
subject.
C
Theory xis xdeveloped xfrom xthe xresearch xfindings xof xgrounded xtheory xresearch.
D
Grounded xtheory xdevelops xtheory xdirectly xfrom xthe xresearch xdata.
14. A xresearcher xwishes xto xunderstand xhow xinner-city xSomali ximmigrants xadapt xhealth
xcare xpractices xinto xtheir xexperiences xwith xthe xU.S. xhealth xcare xsystem. xWhich xtype xof
xstudy xapproach xwill xthe xresearcher xuse?
a.
Descriptive-qualitative
b.
Ethnographic
c.
Grounded xtheory
d.
Phenomenological
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Exploratory-descriptive xstudies xare xused xwhen xresearchers xare xexploring xa xnew xtopic xor
describing xa xsituation.
B
Ethnographic xresearch xinvolves xobservation xand xdocumentation xof xinteractions xwithin xa
culture.
C
Grounded xtheory xdevelops xtheory xdirectly xfrom xthe xresearch xdata.
D
Phenomenological xresearch xattempts xto xcapture xthe xlived xexperience xof xstudy
participants.
15. Which xis xan xexample xof xan xetic xapproach xin xan xethnographic xstudy?
a.
A xlongitudinal xstudy xexamining xindividual ximmigrants xattitudes xabout xhealth xcare
b.
A xstudy xabout xAfrican xtribal xwomen xand xtheir xfeelings xabout xHIV xprevention
c.
A xstudy xcomparing xvarious xethnic xgroups xfolk xhealth xpractices
d.
A xstudy xof xdifferences xbetween xBSN- xand xAND-prepared xnurses xattitudes xabout xhealth
care
ANS: xC
Feedback
A
A xstudy xof ximmigrants xattitudes xabout xhealth xcare xis xa xphenomenological xstudy.
B
A xstudy xexamining xa xparticular xcultural xgroup xis xan xethnographic xstudy.
C
The xetic xapproach xinvolves xstudying xbehavior xfrom xoutside xthe xculture xand xexamining
similarities xand xdifferences xacross xcultures.
D
A xstudy xof xattitudes xabout xhealth xcare xis xa xphenomenological xstudy.
16. Which xqualitative xstudy xwill xcall xfor xan xexploratory-descriptive xstudy xapproach?
a.
An xevaluation xof xclinical xoutcomes xof xstandard xnursing xinterventions
b.
An xexamination xof xthe xeffects xof xa xtreatment xon xvarious xethnic xgroups
c.
A xreview xof xdata xin xorder xto xevaluate xtheoretical xconstructs
d.
A xstudy xon xa xtopic xabout xwhich xlittle xis xknown xor xunderstood
ANS: xD
Feedback
A
Outcomes xresearch xis xconcerned xwith xclinical xoutcomes xof xstandard xinterventions.
B
Comparing xthe xeffects xof xa xtreatment xon xtwo xgroups xof xsubjects xis xa xquasi-experimental
design.
C
Theory xtesting xuses xdata xto xevaluate xtheoretical xconstructs.
D
Exploratory-descriptive xstudies xare xused xwhen xresearchers xare xexploring xa xnew xtopic xor
describing xa xsituation.
17. A xresearcher xutilizes xan xemic xapproach xin xa xresearch xstudy xin xorder xto:
a.
gather xdata xabout xlived xexperiences xof xindividuals.
b.
trying xto xunderstand xbehaviors xfrom xwithin xa xculture.
c.
examine xindividual xhuman xbehavior xaccording xto xpersonal xbiases.
d.
use xtechniques xsuch xas xbracketing xand xintuiting.
ANS: xB
Feedback
Phenomenological xresearch xattempts xto xcapture xthe xlived xexperience xof xstudy
participants. xThe xemic xapproach xinvolves xstudying xbehaviors xfrom xwithin xa xculture.
A
B
The xemic xapproach xinvolves xstudying xbehaviors xfrom xwithin xa xculture.
C
The xetic xperspective xstudies xbehaviors xfrom xoutside xthe xculture xand xexamines
xsimilarities xand xdifferences xacross xcultures. x(The xemic xapproach xinvolves xstudying
xbehaviors xfrom
within xa xculture.) xThe xethnographic xapproach xlooks xat xgroups, xnot xindividual xbehaviors.
D
Bracketing xand xintuiting xare xtechniques xused xrather xthan xthe xfocus xof xa xstudy. xThe xemic
approach xinvolves xstudying xbehaviors xfrom xwithin xa xculture.
18. The xgoal xof xgrounded xtheory xresearch xis xto:
a.
develop xtheories xand xhypotheses xbased xon xresearch xfindings.
b.
establish xan xethnographic xperspective xon xsubjects.
c.
provide xvalidity xchecks xfor xconstructs.
d.
test xtheoretical xconstructs xand xhypotheses.
ANS: xA
Feedback
A
Theory xdeveloped xfrom xgrounded xtheory xresearch xis xgrounded xin xthe xdata xfrom xwhich xit
was xderived.
B
An xethnographic xperception xof xresearch xis xpart xof xan xethnographic xperspective.
C
Validity xchecks xfor xconstructs xare xnot xthe xconcern xof xgrounded xtheory xresearch.
D
Theory xtesting xuses xdata xto xevaluate xtheoretical xconstructs.
19. A xresearcher xwishes xto xexamine xthe xexperiences xand xfeelings xof xsiblings xof xchildren
xwho xhave xcancer xin xorder xto xgain xinformation xabout xthis xpopulation. xWhich xtype xof
xqualitative xstudy xmethod xwill xthe xresearcher xuse?
a.
Ethnographic
b.
Exploratory-descriptive
c.
Grounded xtheory
d.
Historical
ANS: xB
Feedback
A
Ethnographic xresearch xinvolves xobservation xand xdocumentation xof xinteractions xwithin xa
culture.
B
Exploratory-descriptive xstudies xare xused xwhen xresearchers xare xexploring xa xnew xtopic xor
describing xa xsituation.
C
Grounded xtheory xdevelops xtheory xdirectly xfrom xthe xresearch xdata.
D
Historical xresearch xuses xhistorical xdocuments xto xdescribe xevents.
20. When xconducting xhistorical xresearch xabout xthe xexperiences xof xwomen xrefugees
xfrom xthe xSudan, xthe xresearcher xinterviews xwomen xwho xserved xas xnurses xamong xthis
xpopulation. xThese xnurses xrepresent:
a.
control xgroup xsubjects.
b.
experimental xgroup xsubjects.
c.
primary xdata xsources.
d.
secondary xdata xsources.
ANS: xD
Chapter x24 xQualitative xData xAnalysis
What xis xthe xfirst xmajor xstep xthat xa
1. xnurse xresearcher xmust xundertake xin xa
xqualitative xanalysis?
A)
A xsearch xfor xmajor xthemes
B)
Entering xinformation xinto xfiles
C)
The xuse xof xquasi-statistics
D)
Developing xa xsystem xfor xorganizing xand
xindexing xthe xdata
Before xthe xadvent xof xcomputer
2. xprograms xfor xqualitative xanalysis, xwhat
xwas xthe xmain xprocedure xfor xmanaging
xqualitative xdata?
A)
Conceptual xfiles
B)
Core xcategories
C)
Memos
D)
Themes
3.
What xdoes xthe xactual xanalysis xof
xdata xusually xbegin xwith?
A)
A xsearch xfor xmajor xthemes
B)
Entering xinformation xinto xfiles
C)
The xuse xof xquasi-statistics
D)
Developing xa xsystem xfor xorganizing xand
xindexing xthe xdata
Some xqualitative xanalysts xuse
4. xfigurative xcomparisons xto xevoke xa
xvisual xand xsymbolic xanalogy. xWhat
xis xthis xcalled?
A)
Themes
B)
Categories
C)
Metaphors
D)
Quasi-statistics
5.
What xdoes xthe xprocess xof xconstant
xcomparison xinvolve?
A)
Comparing xtwo xresearchers'
xinterpretation xof xthe xdata
B)
Comparing xthe xresearchers' xinterpretation
xof xthe xdata xagainst xstudy xparticipants'
xinterpretation
C)
Comparing xdata xsegments xagainst
xother xsegments xfor xsimilarity
D)
Comparing xdata xfrom xthe xstudy xwith
xdata xand xcategories xfrom xother xsimilar
xstudies
6. What xis xquasi-statistics?
A)
Statistical xanalysis
B)
Validation
C)
Thematic xgeneration
D)
Analytic xinduction
One xapproach xto xanalyzing xethnographic
7. xdata xis xSpradley's xmethod, xwhich
xinvolves xhow xmany xlevels xof xdata
xanalysis?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
8.
What xtype xof xanalysis xuncovers
xcultural xthemes?
A)
Domain
B)
Taxonomic
C)
Componential
D)
Theme
9.
What xtype xof xanalysis xcompares xand
xcontrasts xterms xin xa xdomain?
A)
Domain
B)
Taxonomic
C)
Componential
D)
Theme
10.
What xtype xof xanalysis xselects xkey
xdomains xand xconstructs xsystems xof
xclassification?
A)
Domain
B)
Taxonomic
C)
Componential
D)
Theme
Leininger xand xMcFarland xprovided
xethnographers xwith xa xfour-phase
11.
xethno xnursing xdata xanalysis xguide.
xWhat xis xthe xfirst xphase?
A)
Collecting xand xrecording xdata
B)
Categorizing xdescriptors
C)
Searching xfor xrepetitive xpatterns
D)
Abstracting xmajor xthemes
In xVan xManen's xapproach, xthis
xinvolves xefforts xto xgrasp xthe xessential
12. xmeaning xof xthe xexperience xbeing
xstudied, xresearchers xsearch xfor xthemes.
xWhat xis xthe xholistic xapproach?
A)
Find xcommon xpatterns xof xexperiences
xshared xby xparticular xinstances.
B)
Viewing xtext xas xa xwhole.
C)
Pulling xout xkey xstatements xand xphrases.
D)
Analyzing xevery xsentence xin xthe xanalysis
Central xto xanalyzing xdata xin xa
13. xhermeneutic xstudy xis xthe xnotion xof xthe
xhermeneutic xcircle. xWhat xis xa
xhermeneutic xcircle?
A)
Find xcommon xpatterns xof xexperiences
xshared xby xparticular xinstances.
B)
Continual xmovement xbetween xthe
xparts xand xthe xwhole xof xthe xtext.
C)
Pulling xout xkey xstatements xand xphrases.
D)
Analyzing xevery xsentence xin xthe xanalysis
Hermeneutics xhas xseveral xchoices xfor
xdata xanalysis. xOne xapproach xis xthe
14.
xdiscovery xof xa xpattern xthat xexpresses
xthe xrelationships xamong xthemes. xWhat
xis xthis xpattern xcalled?
A)
Constitutive
B)
Constant xcomparison
C)
Similarity xcomparison
D)
Dissimilarity xcomparison
Benner xoffers xanother xanalytic
xapproach xfor xhermeneutic
15.
xphenomenology. xThe xinterpretative
xanalysis xconsists xof xhow xmany
xinterrelated xprocesses?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
One xapproach xto xgrounded xtheory xis xthe
xGlaser xand xStrauss x(Glaserian) xmethod,
16.
xin xwhich xthere xare xtwo xbroad xtypes xof
xcodes. xWhat xis xtheoretical xcode?
A)
Empirical xsubstance xof xthe xtopic xis
xconceptualized.
B)
Relationships xamong xthe xsubstantive
xcodes xare xconceptualized.
C)
Capture xwhat xis xgoing xon xin xthe xdata.
D)
Only xvariables xrelating xto xa xcore
xcategory xare xcoded.
17.
Substantive xcoding xinvolves xopen
xcoding. xWhat xis xopen xcoding?
A)
Empirical xsubstance xof xthe xtopic xis
xconceptualized.
B)
Relationships xamong xthe xsubstantive
xcodes xare xconceptualized.
C)
Capture xwhat xis xgoing xon xin xthe xdata.
D)
Only xvariables xrelating xto xa xcore
xcategory xare xcoded.
18.
Substantive xcoding xinvolves xselective
xcoding. xWhat xis xselective xcoding?
A)
Empirical xsubstance xof xthe xtopic xis
xconceptualized.
B)
Relationships xamong xthe xsubstantive
xcodes xare xconceptualized.
C)
Capture xwhat xis xgoing xon xin xthe xdata.
D)
Only xvariables xrelating xto xa xcore
xcategory xare xcoded.
19.
What xare xlevel xIII xcodes xin xthe xGlaser
xand xStrauss xapproach?
A)
Axial xcodes
B)
In xvivo xcodes
C)
Open xcodes
D)
Theoretical xconstructs
Strauss xand xCorbin's xmethod xis xan
xalternative xgrounded xtheory xmethod
20.
xwhose xoutcome xis xa xfull xpreconceived
xconceptual xdescription. xWhat xis xan
xaxial xcode?
A)
Categories xare xgenerated.
B)
Categories xare xlinked xwith xsubcategories.
C)
Findings xare xintegrated.
D)
Findings xare xrefined.
Answer xKey
1. D
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. C
18. D
19. D
20. B
Chapter x25 xTrustworthiness xand xIntegrity xin xQualitative xResearch
What xis xone xcontentious xissue xin xthe
1. xdebate xabout xquality xconcerns xin
xqualitative xresearch?
A)
The xsameness xof xthe xtwo xmethods
B)
Criteria xto xuse xas xindicators xof xvalidity
xand xreliability
C)
The xplace xof ximagination xin xqualitative
xresearch
D)
The xneed xfor xhigh-quality xresearch xin
xboth xtraditions
The xmost-often xused xframework xof
xquality xcriteria xis xthat xof xLincoln xand
2.
xGuba.
xHow
xmany
xcriteria
xare
xidentified
xfor
xevaluating
xtrustworthiness xof xthe xinquiry?
A)
2
B)
3
C)
4
D)
5
3.
What xis xcredibility xin xthe xoften-used
xframework xof xquality xcriteria?
Confidence xin xthe xtruth xvalue xof
xthe xfindings
A)
B)
Stability xof xdata xover xtime xand
xconditions
C)
Objectivity xor xneutrality xof xthe xdata
Analog xof xexternal xvalidity xand xthe
xextent xto xwhich xfindings xfrom xthe
xdata xcan xbe xtransferred xto xother
xsettings xor xgroups
D)
4.
What xis xauthenticity xin xthe xoften-used
xframework xof xquality xcriteria?
Confidence xin xthe xtruth xvalue xof
xthe xfindings
A)
B)
Stability xof xdata xover xtime xand
xconditions.
C)
Objectivity xor xneutrality xof xthe xdata.
Extent xto xwhich xresearchers xfairly
xand xfaithfully xshow xa xrange xof
xdifferent xrealities xand xconvey xthe
xfeeling xtone xof xlives xas xthey xare
xlived.
D)
The xqualitative xstudy xhas xa xlot xof
xstability xof xdata xover xtime xand
5.
xconditions. xWhat xterm xis xsomewhat
xanalogous xto xreliability xin xquantitative
xstudies?
A)
Credibility
B)
Dependability
C)
Confirmability
D)
Transferability
6.
What xterm xis xthe xanalog xof
xexternal xvalidity xin xquantitative
xstudies?
A)
Credibility
B)
Dependability
C)
Confirmability
D)
Transferability
7.
What xis xconfirmability xin xthe xoften-used
xframework xof xquality xcriteria?
A)
Confidence xin xthe xtruth xvalue xof
xthe xfindings
B)
Stability xof xdata xover xtime xand
xconditions
C)
Objectivity xor xneutrality xof xthe xdata
D)
Analog xof xexternal xvalidity xand xthe
xextent xto xwhich xfindings xfrom xthe
xdata xcan xbe xtransferred xto xother
xsettings xor xgroups
In xthe xview xof xWhittemore xand
xcolleagues' xframework, xfour xprimary
8.
xcriteria xare xessential xto xall xquality
xinquiry. xWhat xis xone xof xthe xprimary
xcriteria?
A)
Credibility
B)
Creativity
C)
Congruence
D)
Explicitness
In xthe xview xof xWhittemore xand
xcolleagues' xframework, xfour xprimary
xcriteria xare xessential xto xall xquality
9.
xinquiry. xThe xterminology xoverlaps xwith
xLincoln xand xGuba's xframework
xregarding xtwo xcriteria. xWhich xtwo
xcriteria xoverlap?
A)
Authenticity xand xcriticality
B)
Creativity xand xcongruence
C)
Integrity xand xcreativity
D)
Credibility xand xauthenticity
An xalternative xframework, xrepresenting
xa xsynthesis xof x10 xqualitative xvalidity
10. xschemes xby xWhittemore xand
xcolleagues, xproposed xfour xprimary
xcriteria xand xsix xsecondary xcriteria.
xWhat xis xcriticality?
A)
B)
Researcher's xcritical xappraisal xof
xevery xresearch xdecision
Demonstrated xby xongoing xself-scrutiny
xto
xenhance
xthe
xlikelihood
xthat
xinterpretations xare xvalid xand xgrounded
xin xthe xdata
C)
Ability xto xfollow xthe xresearcher's
xdecisions xthrough xcareful xdemonstration
D)
Involves xrich xand xvivid xdescriptions
An xalternative xframework, xrepresenting
xa xsynthesis xof x10 xqualitative xvalidity
11. xschemes xby xWhittemore xand
xcolleagues, xproposed xfour xprimary
xcriteria xand xsix xsecondary xcriteria.
xWhat xis xexplicitness?
A)
B)
Researcher's xcritical xappraisal xof
xevery xresearch xdecision
Demonstrated xby xongoing xself-scrutiny
xto
xenhance
xthe
xlikelihood
xthat
xinterpretations xare xvalid xand xgrounded
xin xthe xdata
C)
Ability xto xfollow xthe xresearcher's
xdecisions xthrough xcareful xdemonstration
D)
Involves xrich xand xvivid xdescriptions
An xalternative xframework, xrepresenting
xa xsynthesis xof x10 xqualitative xvalidity
12. xschemes xby xWhittemore xand
xcolleagues, xproposed xfour xprimary
xcriteria xand xsix xsecondary xcriteria.
xWhat xis xintegrity?
A)
B)
Researcher's xcritical xappraisal xof
xevery xresearch xdecision
Demonstrated xby xongoing xself-scrutiny
xto
xenhance
xthe
xlikelihood
xthat
xinterpretations xare xvalid xand xgrounded
xin xthe xdata
C)
Ability xto xfollow xthe xresearcher's
xdecisions xthrough xcareful xdemonstration
D)
Involves xrich xand xvivid xdescriptions
An xalternative xframework, xrepresenting
xa xsynthesis xof x10 xqualitative xvalidity
13. xschemes xby xWhittemore xand
xcolleagues, xproposed xfour xprimary
xcriteria xand xsix xsecondary xcriteria.
xWhat xis xsensitivity?
A)
Degree xto xwhich xan xinquiry xreflects
xrespect xand xcompassion xfor xthose xbeing
xstudied.
B)
Interconnectedness xbetween xparts xof xthe
xinquiry xand xthe xwhole, xand xbetween
xstudy xfindings xand xexternal xcontexts
C)
Comprehensive xdata xand xthe xfull
xdevelopment xof xideas
D)
Reflects xchallenges xto xtraditional xways xof
xthinking
Strategies xfor xenhancing xthe xquality xof
xqualitative xdata xas xthey xare xbeing
14.
xcollected xinclude xprolonged xengagement.
xWhat xis xprolonged xengagement?
A)
Vivid xrecording xof xinformation
xincluding xmaintenance xof xan xaudit
xtrail xof xkey xdecisions
B)
Strives xat xachieving xadequate xdepth xof
xdata xcoverage
C)
Strives xfor xadequate xscope xof xdata
xcoverage
D)
Process xof xusing xmultiple xreferents xto
xdraw xconclusions xabout xconstitutes xthe
xtruth
15. What xis xtriangulation?
A)
Use xof xmultiple xdata xsources xto xvalidate
xconclusions
B)
Use xof xmultiple xmethods xto xcollect
xdata xabout xthe xsame xphenomenon
C)
D)
Process xof xusing xmultiple xreferents xto
xdraw xconclusions xabout xconstitutes xthe
xtruth
Independent xcoding xand xanalysis xof xat
xleast xa xportion xof xthe xdata xby xtwo xor
xmore xresearchers
What xis xa xstrategy xfor xenhancing
16. xquality xduring xthe xcoding xand
xanalysis xof xqualitative xdata?
A)
Investigator xtriangulation
B)
Data xtriangulation
C)
Method xtriangulation
D)
Research xcredibility
17. What xis xtheory xtriangulation?
A)
Use xof xmultiple xdata xsources xto xvalidate
xconclusions
B)
Use xof xmultiple xmethods xto xcollect
xdata xabout xthe xsame xphenomenon
C)
D)
Use xof xcompeting xtheories xor
xhypotheses xin xthe xanalysis xand
xinterpretation xof xdata
Independent xcoding xand xanalysis xof xat
xleast xa xportion xof xthe xdata xby xtwo xor
xmore xresearchers
18. What xis xthe xpurpose xof xa xpeer xbriefing?
A)
Internal xvalidity xof xdata
B)
Reliability xof xdata
C)
External xvalidity xof xdata
D)
Reliability xand xvalidity xof xdata
A xformal xscrutiny xof xthe xresearch
xprocess xand xaudit xtrial xdocuments
19.
xoccurs xby xan xindependent xexternal
xauditor. xWhat xis xthe xterm xfor xthis
xprocess?
A)
Negative xcase xanalysis
B)
Peer xdebriefing
C)
Inquiry xaudit
D)
Research xcredibility
There xis xwidespread xagreement xthat
xqualitative xresearchers xneed xto xdevote
xtime xand xenergy xto xanalyzing xand
20.
xdocumenting xtheir xpresuppositions,
xbiases, xand xongoing xemotions. xWhat
xcommitment xdoes xthis xrepresent?
A)
Transparency
B)
Absorption xand xDiligence
C)
Verification
D)
Reflexivity
Answer xKey
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. C
16. A
17. C
18. C
19. C
20. D
Chapter x26 xBasics xof xMixed xMethods xResearch
Mixed xmethods xresearch xinvolves
1. xthe xcollection, xanalysis, xand
xintegration xof xwhat xtype xof xdata?
A)
Qualitative xonly
B)
Quantitative xonly
C)
Both xqualitative xand xquantitative
D)
Neither xqualitative xor xquantitative
Mixed xmethods xstudies xinvolve xat xleast
2. xhow xmany xquestions xthat xrequire
xdifferent xtypes xof xdata?
A)
One
B)
Two
C)
Three
D)
Four
In xterms xof xsequencing, xmixed xmethod
3. xdesigns xcan xeither xbe xconcurrent xor
xsequential. xWhat xis xa xsequential xdesign
A)
Both xstrands xoccurring xin
xone xsimultaneous xphase.
B)
Both xstrands xoccurring xprior xto
xinforming xthe xthird xand xfourth xstrand.
C)
One xstrand xoccurring xprior xto xand
xinforming xthe xsecond xstrand.
D)
Two xstrands xoccurring xprior xto xand
xinforming xthe xthird xand xfourth xstrand.
In xterms xof xsequencing, xmixed xmethod
4. xdesigns xcan xeither xbe xconcurrent xor
xsequential. xWhat xis xa xconcurrent xdesign?
A)
Both xstrands xoccurring xin
xone xsimultaneous xphase.
B)
Both xstrands xoccurring xprior xto
xinforming xthe xthird xand xfourth xstrand.
C)
One xstrand xoccurring xprior xto xand
xinforming xthe xsecond xstrand.
D)
Two xstrands xoccurring xprior xto xand
xinforming xthe xthird xand xfourth xstrand.
Notation xfor xmixed xmethod xresearch
xdesignates xboth xpriority xand xsequence.
5.
xHow xis xpriority xidentified xfor xthe
xdominant xstrand?
A)
All xcapital xletters
B)
All xlower-case xletters
C)
An xarrow
D)
Plus xsign
Notation xfor xmixed xmethod
xresearch xdesignates xboth xpriority
6.
xand xsequence. xHow xis xsequence
xidentified xfor xthe xconcurrent
xdesigns?
A)
All xcapital xletters
B)
All xlower-case xletters
C)
An xarrow
D)
Plus xsign
Notation xfor xmixed xmethod
xresearch xdesignates xboth xpriority
7.
xand xsequence. xHow xis xsequence
xidentified xfor xthe xnondominant
xstrand?
A)
All xcapital xletters
B)
All xlower-case xletters
C)
An xarrow
D)
Plus xsign
Notation xfor xmixed xmethod
xresearch xdesignates xboth xpriority
8.
xand xsequence. xWhat xtype xof
xresearch xis xidentified xby
xQUAN(qual)?
A)
Sequential, xqualitative-dominant xdesign
B)
Sequential, xqualitativenondominant xdesign
C)
Qualitative xcomponent xembedded xwithin
xa xquantitative xstudy
D)
Quantitative xcomponent xembedded
xwithin xa xqualitative xstudy
There xare xspecific xmixed xmethod
9. xdesigns xin xthe xCreswell–Plano xClark
xtaxonomy. xWhat xdo x(QUAL x+
xQUAN) xrepresent?
A)
Triangulation
B)
Embedded
C)
Explanatory
D)
Exploratory
There xare xspecific xmixed xmethod
xdesigns xin xthe xCreswell–Plano xClark
10.
xtaxonomy. xWhat xdoes x(QUAN x→
xqual xor xquan x→ xQUAL) xrepresent?
A)
Triangulation
B)
Embedded
C)
Explanatory
D)
Exploratory
There xare xspecific xmixed xmethod
xdesigns xin xthe xCreswell-Plano xClark
11.
xtaxonomy. xWhat xdoes x(QUAL x→
xquan xor xqual x→ xQUAN) xrepresent?
A)
Triangulation
B)
Embedded
C)
Explanatory
D)
Exploratory
What xtype xof xsampling xstrategy
12. xoccurs xwhen xsome xof xthe xparticipants
xfrom xone xstrand xare xin xthe xother
xstrand?
A)
Identical
B)
Nested
C)
Parallel
D)
Multilevel
What xtype xof xsampling xstrategy xoccurs
xwhen xsome xof xthe xparticipants xare
13.
xeither xin xone xstrand xor xthe xother, xbut
xdrawn xfrom xa xsimilar xpopulation?
A)
Identical
B)
Nested
C)
Parallel
D)
Multilevel
Data xcollection xin xmixed xmethods
xresearch xcan xinvolve xall xmethods xof
14. xstructured xand xunstructured xdata. xIn
xsequential xdesigns, xhow xare xdecisions
xabout xdata xcollection xmade?
A)
Second xphase xare xbased xon xfindings
xfrom xthe xfirst xphase.
B)
Third xphase xare xbased xon xfindings xfrom
xthe xfirst xphase.
C)
Fourth xphase xare xbased xon xfindings
xfrom xthe xsecond xphase.
D)
Fifth xphase xare xbased xon xfindings xfrom
xthe xfourth xphase.
Methods xof xintegration xof xqualitative
xand xquantitative xdata xduring xanalysis
15.
xinclude xdata xconversions. xWhat xis xthe
xuse xof xmeta- xmatrices xmean?
A)
Qualitizing xof xquantitative xdata
B)
Quantitizing xof xqualitative xdata
C)
D)
Both xqualitative xand xquantitative xdata xare
xarrayed xin xa xspreadsheet xtype xof
xmatrix.
Assessment xof xcongruence xand
xexploration xof xcomplementarity.
Creswell xand xPlano xClark xidentified xbroad
xtypes xof xresearch xsituations xthat xare
16. xespecially xwell xsuited xto xmixed
xmethods xresearch. xWhat xis xone xof xthese
xtypes xof xresearch xsituations?
A)
B)
Concepts xare xnew xand xpoorly
xunderstood xand xthere xis xa xneed xfor
xquantitative xexploration.
The xqualitative xresults xare xpuzzling
xand xdifficult xto xinterpret xand
xquantitative xdata xcan xhelp xto xexplain
xthe xresults.
C)
The xfindings xfrom xboth xapproaches xcan
xbe xgreatly xenhanced xwith xa xthird
xsource xof xdata.
D)
Neither xa xqualitative xnor xa xquantitative
xapproach xby xitself xis xadequate xin
xaddressing xthe xcomplexity xof xthe
xresearch xproblem.
The xpurpose xof xthis xdesign xis xto xobtain
xdifferent, xbut xcomplementary xdata
17.
xabout xthe xcentral xphenomenon xunder
xstudy. xWhat xtype xof xdesign xhas xthis
xpurpose?
A)
Triangulation
B)
Embedded
C)
Explanatory
D)
Exploratory
What xtype xof xresearch xdesign xinvolves
xthe xseparate xbut xconcurrent xcollection
18.
xof xqualitative xand xquantitative xdata,
xfollowed xby xqualitative xand
xquantitative xanalysis?
A)
Convergence xmodel
B)
Data xtransformation xmodel
C)
Multilevel xmodel
D)
Correlational xmodel
19.
What xtype xof xresearch xdesign xwould xuse
xa xcorrelational xmodel?
A)
Triangulation
B)
Embedded
C)
Explanatory
D)
Exploratory
Criteria xthat xhave xbeen xproposed xfor
xenhancing xthe xintegrity xof xmixed
20. xmethods xstudies xincluded xinference
xquality xand xinference xtransferability.
xWhat xis xinference xtransferability?
A)
B)
The xbelievability xand xaccuracy
xof xinductively xderived
xconclusions.
The xbelievability xand xaccuracy
xof xdeductively xderived
xconclusions.
C)
The xdegree xto xwhich xconclusions xcan xbe
xapplied xto xdifferent xpeople xor xcontexts.
D)
The xdegree xto xwhich xconclusions xcan xbe
xapplied xto xsimilar xpeople xor xcontexts.
Answer xKey
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. C
11. D
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. D
17. A
18. B
19. B
20. D
Chapter x27 xDeveloping xComplex xNursing xInterventions xUsing xMixed xMethods xResearch
1. What xis xnursing xintervention xresearch?
A)
Integrated xprocess xof xdeveloping,
ximplementing, xtesting, xand xdisseminating
xnursing xinterventions—particularly
xeveryday xinterventions
B)
Distinctive xprocess xof xdeveloping,
ximplementing, xtesting, xand xdisseminating
xnursing xinterventions—particularly
xeveryday xinterventions
C)
Integrated xprocess xof xdeveloping,
ximplementing, xtesting, xand
xdisseminating xnursing xinterventions—
particularly xcomplex xinterventions
D)
Distinctive xprocess xof xdeveloping,
ximplementing, xtesting, xand
xdisseminating xnursing xinterventions—
particularly xcomplex xinterventions
Several xframeworks xfor xdeveloping
xand xtesting xcomplex xinterventions
2.
xhave xbeen xproposed. xIn xwhat xphase
xdoes xthe xpilot xtests xof xthe
xintervention xoccur?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
Several xframeworks xfor xdeveloping xand
xtesting xcomplex xinterventions xhave xbeen
3.
xproposed. xWhat xphase xdoes xthe
xcontrolled xtrial xto xassess xefficacy
xoccur?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
Several xframeworks xfor xdeveloping xand
xtesting xcomplex xinterventions xhave xbeen
4. xproposed. xWhat xphase xdo xstudies xto
xassess xeffectiveness xof xinterventions xin
xreal-world xclinical xsettings xrarely xoccur
xin xnursing?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
Conceptualization xand xin-depth
xunderstanding xof xthe xproblem xand
5.
xthe xtarget xpopulation xare xkey xissues
xin xwhat xphase xof xthe xframework?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
A xmixed xmethods xapproach xcan
6. xstrengthen xthe xtest xof xthe xintervention
xduring xwhat xphase xof xa xcontrolled
xtrial?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
The xpreliminary xintervention xis
7. xtested xusually xusing xwhat xtype xof
xresearch xdesign?
A)
Descriptive
B)
Correlational
C)
Experimental
D)
Quasi-experimental
Mixed xmethods xare xappropriate xin xall
xphases xof xan xintervention xproject.
xBroadly xspeaking, xthe xdesign xis
8.
xsequential, xbut xeach xphase xcan xinvolve
xthe xuse xof xvarious xmixed xmethods
xdesigns. xWhat xphase xis xqualitative
xdesign xoften xgiven xpriority?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
There xare xseveral xfeatures xof xan
9. xideal xnursing xintervention. xWhat
xdoes xsalient xmean xin xthe xideal
xnursing xintervention?
A)
Addressing xa xpressing xproblem
B)
Leading xto ximproved xclient xoutcomes
C)
Avoiding xany xadverse xoutcomes,
xburdens, xor xstress
D)
Demonstrating xsensitivity xto
xvarious xgroups
There xare xseveral xfeatures xof xan xideal
xnursing xintervention. xWhat xis xthe xterm
10.
xfor xwhen xa xnursing xintervention xcan
xbe xtailored xto xlocal xcontexts?
A)
Accessible
B)
Acceptable
C)
Adaptable
D)
Readily xdisseminated
There xare xseveral xfeatures xof xan xideal
xnursing xintervention. xWhat xis xthe xterm
11. xfor xwhen xit xcan xbe ximplemented xin
xreal-world xsettings xand xintegrated xinto
xcurrent xmodels xof xcare?
A)
Conceptually xsound
B)
Cost-effective
C)
Feasible
D)
Developmentally xappropriate
What xgroup xof xindividuals xdoes xthe
12. xcommon xpitfall xin xintervention xresearch
xof xlanguage xbarrier xapply?
A)
Participants xwho xdo xnot xwant xto
xreceive xthe xintervention xor xparticipate
xin xresearch
B)
Participants xwho xdo xnot xwant xto xbe
xrandomized
C)
Participants xwho xdo xnot xadhere xto
xprotocols
D)
Participants xwho xdrop xout xof xthe xstudy
What xgroups xof xindividuals xdoes xthe
xcommon xpitfall xin xintervention xresearch
xof xlack xof xincentive xapply?
1. Participants xwho xdo xnot xwant
xto xreceive xthe xintervention xor
xparticipate xin xresearch
13.
2. Participants xwho xdo xnot xwant xto
xbe xrandomized
3. Participants xwho xdo xnot xadhere
xto xprotocols
4. Participants xwho xdrop xout xof
xthe xstudy
A)
1, x2
B)
2, x3
C)
1, x4
D)
3, x4
What xgroups xof xindividuals xdoes xthe
xcommon xpitfall xin xintervention xresearch
xof xlack xof xtrust xapply?
1. Participants xwho xdo xnot xwant
xto xreceive xthe xintervention xor
xparticipate xin xresearch
14.
2. Participants xwho xdo xnot xwant xto
xbe xrandomized
3. Participants xwho xdo xnot xadhere
xto xprotocols
4. Participants xwho xdrop xout xof
xthe xstudy
A)
1, x2
B)
2, x3
C)
1, x4
D)
3, x4
A xcommon xpitfall xin xintervention
xresearch xfor xagents xdelivering xthe
15. xintervention xis xstaff xwho xdo xnot xwant
xto xrecruit xparticipants. xWhat xis xa
xcommon xcause xfor xthis xpitfall?
A)
Inadequate xtime
B)
Strong xcommitment xto xthe xstatus xquo
C)
Inadequate xtraining
D)
Inadequate xincentive xto xchange
A xcommon xpitfall xin xintervention
xresearch xis xfor xintervention xagents
xwho xoffer xintervention xto xcontrol xgroup
16.
xmembers xand xcontaminate xthe xresearch
xdesign. xWhat xis xone xcommon xcause
xand xcontributor xto xthis xpitfall?
A)
Low xsalience xof xproblem
B)
Misgivings xabout xthe xintervention xor
xabout xresearch xmore xgenerally
C)
Inadequate xincentive xto xcooperate xin xthe
xresearch xdesign
D)
Inability xto xforget xintervention xprotocols
xwhen xcaring xfor xnonintervention xpatients
There xare xseveral xkey xissues, xactivities,
xand xproducts xof xPhase xI
17.
xdevelopmental xwork xfor xnursing
xinterventions. xWhat xis xan xexample xof xa
xkey xissue?
A)
Conceptualization xof xthe xproblem
B)
Critical xsynthesis xof xthe xrelevant
xliterature
C)
Concept xand xtheory xdevelopment
D)
Exploratory xand xdescriptive xresearch
There xare xseveral xkey xissues, xactivities,
xand xproducts xof xPhase xI
18.
xdevelopmental xwork xfor xnursing
xinterventions. xWhat xis xan xexample xof xa
xproduct xand xoutcome?
A)
Building xthe xintervention
B)
Critical xsynthesis xof xthe xrelevant
xliterature
C)
Concept xand xtheory xdevelopment
D)
Preliminary xidentification xof xkey
xoutcomes
What xis xa xquestion xto xask xfor xwhich
xevidence xcan xbe xsought xin xa xliterature
19.
xreview xfor xthe xissue xof xconceptualizing
xthe xproblem?
A)
B)
What xit xthe xcontent xof xother xsimilar
xinterventions?
Is xthe xpresence xof xcertain xtypes xof
xcomponents xlinked xto xbetter
xoutcomes?
C)
What xis xknown xabout xthe xnature
xand xcauses xof xthis xproblem xand
xpossible xsolutions?
D)
Are xinterventions xgeneral xor
xindividualized?
What xis xa xquestion xto xask xfor xwhich
xevidence xcan xbe xsought xin xa
20.
xliterature xreview xfor xthe xissue xof
xmaking xdecisions xabout xdose?
A)
When xhave xdata xfor xthis xtype xof
xintervention xtypically xbeen
xcontrolled?
B)
Does xthe xliterature xsuggest xthat xeffects
xdeteriorate?
C)
Does xthe xliterature xsuggest xthat xthere xare
xdelayed xeffects?
D)
How xintense xhave xother
xsimilar xinterventions xbeen?
Answer xKey
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. C
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. A
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. D
Chapter x28 xFeasibility xAssessments xand xPilot xTests xof xInterventions xUsing xMixed xMethods
What xwould xresearchers xdo xin
xdeveloping xa xdissemination xplan?
1. Select xa xcommunication xoutlet
2. Identify xthe xaudience xwhom
1. xthey xwish xto xreach
3. Decide xon xthe xcontent xthat xcan
xbe xeffectively xcommunicated.
4. How xto xobtain xfinancial xsupport
xfor xthe xstudy
A)
1, x2, x3
B)
1, x2, x4
C)
1, x3, x4
D)
2, x3, x4
2.
When xthere xare xmultiple xauthors xof
xa xreport, xwhat xis xthe xlead
xauthor?
A)
Always xlisted xas xthe xfirst xauthor
B)
Is xthe xperson xwhose xname xis xfirst
xalphabetically
C)
Is xthe xindividual xwho xhas xoverall
xresponsibility xfor xthe xmanuscript
D)
Author xwith xwhom xthe
xjournal xcommunicates
3.
When xthere xare xmultiple xauthors xof xa
xreport, xwhat xis xthe xcorresponding
xauthor?
A)
Always xlisted xas xthe xfirst xauthor
B)
Is xthe xperson xwhose xname xis xfirst
xalphabetically
C)
Is xthe xindividual xwho xhas xoverall
xresponsibility xfor xthe xmanuscript
D)
Author xwith xwhom xthe
xjournal xcommunicates
4.
The xreader xis xacquainted xwith xthe
xresearch xproblem xin xwhich xsection xof
xthe xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Evidence xfor xthe xreliability xof xmeasuring
5. xinstruments xused xin xa xstudy xappears xin
xwhich xsection xof xthe xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
6.
Hypotheses xare xgenerally xpresented
xin xwhich xsection xof xthe xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Findings xfrom xthe xanalyses xare
7. xsummarized xin xwhat xsection xof
xthe xresearch xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Recommendations xfor xfuture xresearch
8. xare xgenerally xincluded xin xwhich
xsection xof xthe xresearch xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
9.
What xformat xdo xquantitative xreports xand
xmany xqualitative xreports xfollow?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
Standards xfor xreporting xmethodologic
xelements xare xincreasingly xused.
10.
Researchers xreporting xan xRCT
xfollow xwhich xguidelines?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
Standards xfor xreporting xmethodologic
xelements xare xincreasingly xused.
11.
Researchers xreporting xan xobservational
xstudy xfollow xwhich xguidelines?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
Standards
xfor
xreporting
xmethodologic
xelements
xare
12. xincreasingly xused.
Researchers
xreporting
xa
xnonrandomized
xevaluation
xof
xinterventions
xfollow
xwhich
xguidelines?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
13.
Theses xand xdissertations xnormally
xfollow xwhat xformat?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
Most xnursing xjournals xthat xpublish
xresearch xreports xare xrefereed xjournals
14.
xwith xa xpolicy xof xbasing xpublication
xdecisions xon xwhat xtype xof xreview?
A)
Impact
B)
Public
C)
Blind
D)
Healthcare xleaders
One xproxy xfor xa xjournal's xprestige xis
xthe xratio xbetween xcitations xto xa xjournal
15.
xand xrecent xcitable xitems xpublished. xWhat
xis xthe xname xof xthis xratio?
A)
Impact
B)
Trend
C)
Validity
D)
Reliability
In xa xdissertation xor xtechnical xreport, xa
16. xcopy xof xthe xdata xcollection xinstrument
xwould xnormally xbe xincluded xin xwhich
xsection?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Appendix
D)
Bibliography
17. What xis xthe xpurpose xof xa xquery xletter?
A)
Determine xwhether xa xjournal xeditor xhas
xinterest xin xa xproposed xmanuscript.
B)
Ask xpermission xto xsubmit xa xmanuscript xto
xmultiple xjournals xsimultaneously.
C)
Inquire xabout xthe xpublication xstatus xof
xsubmitted xmanuscript.
D)
Ask xfor xthe xmaximum xpage xlength xof
xthe xmanuscript xto xbe xsubmitted xfor
xpublication.
18.
How xmany xnursing xjournals xare xindexed
xin xCINAHL?
A)
More xthan x200
B)
More xthan x300
C)
More xthan x400
D)
More xthan x500
Care xshould xbe xtaken xin xusing xand
xpreparing xcitations. xSome xnursing
19.
xjournals xsuggest xthat xthere xbe xnot
xmore xthan xhow xmany xreferences?
A)
3
B)
5
C)
10
D)
15
The xmechanism xfor xsubmitting xa
xpresentation xto xa xconference xis
xsimpler xthan xfor xjournal xsubmission.
20. xThe xassociation xsponsoring xthe
xconference xordinarily xissues xa xCall
xfor xAbstracts xin xhow xmany xmonths
xbefore xthe xmeeting xdate?
A)
1 xto x2
B)
3 xto x5
C)
6 xto x9
D)
10 xto x12
Answer xKey
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. A
16. C
17. A
18. D
19. D
20. C
Chapter x29 xSystematic xReviews xof xResearch xEvidence: xMeta-Analysis, xMetasynthesis, xand
xMixed xStudies xReview
1.
A)
What xis xsimilar xin xthe xsteps xfor xboth
xquantitative xand xqualitative xintegration?
Searching xfor xa xproblem xto xsolve
B)
Searching xthe xliterature xfor xprimary
xstudies
C)
Reviewing xthe xsummary xdata
D)
Developing xa xstatistical xmodel
Evidence-based xpractice xrelies xon xrigorous
xintegration xof xresearch xevidence xon xa
2.
xtopic xthrough xsystematic xreviews. xWhat
xis xa xsystematic xreview?
A)
Use xof xcarefully xdeveloped xsampling
xand xdata xcollection xprocedures xthat xare
xspelled xout xduring xdata xcollection
B)
Use xof xmethodically xintegrated xdata
xcollection xprocedures xthat xare xspelled xout
xduring xdata xcollection xin xa xprotocol
C)
Use xof xcarefully xdeveloped xsampling
xand xdata xcollection xprocedures xthat xare
xspelled xout xin xadvanced xin xa xprotocol
D)
Use xof xmethodically xintegrated xdata
xcollection xprocedures xthat xare xspelled xout
xduring xdata xcollection
3.
What xis xa xcriterion xfor xusing xmetaanalytic xtechnique xin xa xsystematic
xreview?
A)
The xevidence xamong xthe xstudies xis xhighly
xconflicting xwith xmany xvariables.
B)
The xhypotheses xvary xin xtheir
xpredictions; xboth xnull xand xdirectional
xhypotheses xare xused.
C)
The xnumber xof xstudies xcan xbe xvaried
xfrom xfew xto xmany.
The xindependent xvariable xand xthe
xdependent xvariable xshould xbe
xsimilar xenough xto xmerit
xintegration.
D)
4.
What xis xa xcommon xscenario xfor xmetaxanalysis xin xa xnursing xstudy?
A)
Comparing
xthe
xpercentage
xof
xadolescents xusing xhard xdrugs xto xthe
xpercentage xusing xalcohol
B)
Comparing xtwo xgroups xon xa xcontinuous
xoutcome
C)
Predicting xhealth-related xbehavior
xfrom xfive xdifferent xvariables
D)
Providing xdescriptions xof xcaring xfor xthe
xchronically xill
5.
What xis xconsidered xan xadvantage
xof xa xmeta-analysis?
A)
Use xfor xbroad xresearch xquestions
B)
Use xfor xsubstantial xinconsistency
xof xfindings
C)
Subjectivity
D)
Enhanced xpower
6.
What xis xthe xmost xcommon xeffect
xsize xindex xused xin xnursing?
A)
Standardized xdeviation
B)
Variance
C)
Odds xratio
D)
Sensitivity xindex
7. How xcan xheterogeneity xbe xexamined?
A)
Inverse xvariance
B)
Fixed xeffects xmodel
C)
Random xeffects xmodel
D)
Forest xplot
Statistical xheterogeneity xis xan xissue xin
xmeta-analysis xand xaffects xdecisions
8.
xabout xusing xa xsingle xtrue xeffect xsize.
xWhat xis xthe xname xfor xthis xsingle xtrue
xeffect xsize?
A)
Inverse xvariance
B)
Fixed xeffects xmodel
C)
Random xeffects xmodel
D)
Forest xplot
Statistical xheterogeneity xis xan xissue xin
xmeta-analysis xand xaffects xdecisions
9.
xabout xa xdistribution xof xeffects. xWhat xis
xthe xname xfor xthis xdistribution xof
xeffects?
A)
Inverse xvariance
B)
Fixed xeffects xmodel
C)
Random xeffects xmodel
D)
Forest xplot
Effects xfrom xindividual xstudies xare
xpooled xto xyield xan xestimate xof xthe
10. xpopulation xeffect xsize xby xcalculating xa
xweighted xaverage xof xeffects. xWhat xis
xoften xused xas xthe xweight?
A)
Inverse xvariance
B)
Fixed xeffects xmodel
C)
Random xeffects xmodel
D)
Forest xplot
11. What xis xthe xpurpose xof xsubgroup
xanalyses?
A)
Random xheterogeneity
B)
Nonrandom xheterogeneity
C)
Sensitivity xanalysis
D)
Nonrelated xeffects
Constructing xa xfunnel xplot xwill xassist
xin xdetermining xhow xmany xstudies
12.
xwith xwhat xtype xof xresults xto xreverse
xthe xconclusion xof xa xsignificant
xfinding?
A)
Significant
B)
Nonsignificant
C)
Clinically xsignificant
D)
Clinically xspecific
There xis xno xconsensus xon xwhether
13. xsystematic xreviews xshould xinclude xthe
xgrey xliterature. xWhat xis xgrey xliterature?
A)
Published xin xa xnonpeer xreview xjournal
B)
Published xin xa xpeer xreview xjournal
C)
Published xreport
D)
Unpublished xreport
14. What xis xa xpublication xbias?
A)
Stems xfrom xover xrepresentation
xof xsignificant xfindings xin xthe
xpublished xliterature
B)
Stems xfrom xunderrepresentation
xof xsignificant xfindings xin xthe
xpublished xliterature
C)
Stems xfrom xover xrepresentation xof
xnonsignificant xfindings xin xthe
xpublished xliterature
D)
Stems xfrom xunderrepresentation xof
xnonsignificant xfindings xin xthe
xpublished xliterature
15.
What xis xan xissue xwith xwhich
xmetasynthesists xhave xgrappled?
A)
Combining xstudies xwith xfindings
xfrom xdifferent xresearch xtraditions.
B)
Including xsome xquantitative xanalysis xof
xthe xdemographics xof xthe xparticipants.
C)
Omitting xany xstudy xthat xhas xquestionable
xquality.
D)
Using xstudies xwith xsubjects xform xmany
xdifferent xpopulations
Paterson xand xcolleagues' xmeta-study
16. xmethod xintegrates xthree xcomponents.
xWhat xare xthe xthree xcomponents?
A)
Metadata, xmetaeffect, xmetatheory
B)
Metadata, xmetamethod, xmetaeffect
C)
Metatheory, xmetamethod, xmetaeffect
D)
Metadata, xmetamethod, xmetatheory
17.
What xis xa xsummary xaccording xto
xSandelowski xand xBarroso?
A)
Interpretative xexplanation xof xthe xdata
B)
Statistical xexplanation xof xthe xdata
C)
Descriptive xsynopsis xof xthe xdata
D)
Preliminary xexplanation xof xthe xdata
18.
What xis xa xsynthesis xaccording xto
xSandelowski xand xBarroso?
A)
Interpretative xexplanation xof xthe xdata
B)
Statistical xexplanation xof xthe xdata
C)
Descriptive xsynopsis xof xthe xdata
D)
Preliminary xexplanation xof xthe xdata
A xmetasummary xinvolves xdeveloping xa
19. xlist xof xabstracted xfindings xfrom xthe
xprimary xstudies xand xcalculating xwhat
xeffect xsize?
A)
Intensity
B)
Frequency
C)
Specific
D)
Manifest
A xmetasummary xinvolves xdeveloping xa
xlist xof xabstracted xfindings xfrom xthe
20.
xprimary xstudies. xWhat xis xthe xpercentage
xof xstudies xthat xcontain xa xgiven xfindings
xcalled?
A)
Intensity
B)
Frequency
C)
Specific
D)
Manifest
Answer xKey
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. A
16. D
17. C
18. A
19. D
20. B
Chapter x30 xDisseminating xEvidence: xReporting xResearch xFindings
What xwould xresearchers xdo xin
xdeveloping xa xdissemination xplan?
1. Select xa xcommunication xoutlet
2. Identify xthe xaudience xwhom
1. xthey xwish xto xreach
3. Decide xon xthe xcontent xthat xcan
xbe xeffectively xcommunicated.
4. How xto xobtain xfinancial xsupport
xfor xthe xstudy
A)
1, x2, x3
B)
1, x2, x4
C)
1, x3, x4
D)
2, x3, x4
2.
When xthere xare xmultiple xauthors xof
xa xreport, xwhat xis xthe xlead
xauthor?
A)
Always xlisted xas xthe xfirst xauthor
B)
Is xthe xperson xwhose xname xis xfirst
xalphabetically
C)
Is xthe xindividual xwho xhas xoverall
xresponsibility xfor xthe xmanuscript
D)
Author xwith xwhom xthe
xjournal xcommunicates
3.
When xthere xare xmultiple xauthors xof xa
xreport, xwhat xis xthe xcorresponding
xauthor?
A)
Always xlisted xas xthe xfirst xauthor
B)
Is xthe xperson xwhose xname xis xfirst
xalphabetically
C)
Is xthe xindividual xwho xhas xoverall
xresponsibility xfor xthe xmanuscript
D)
Author xwith xwhom xthe
xjournal xcommunicates
4.
The xreader xis xacquainted xwith xthe
xresearch xproblem xin xwhich xsection xof
xthe xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Evidence xfor xthe xreliability xof xmeasuring
5. xinstruments xused xin xa xstudy xappears xin
xwhich xsection xof xthe xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
6.
Hypotheses xare xgenerally xpresented
xin xwhich xsection xof xthe xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Findings xfrom xthe xanalyses xare
7. xsummarized xin xwhat xsection xof
xthe xresearch xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
Recommendations xfor xfuture xresearch
8. xare xgenerally xincluded xin xwhich
xsection xof xthe xresearch xreport?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Results
D)
Discussion
9.
What xformat xdo xquantitative xreports xand
xmany xqualitative xreports xfollow?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
Standards xfor xreporting xmethodologic
xelements xare xincreasingly xused.
10.
Researchers xreporting xan xRCT
xfollow xwhich xguidelines?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
Standards xfor xreporting xmethodologic
xelements xare xincreasingly xused.
11.
Researchers xreporting xan xobservational
xstudy xfollow xwhich xguidelines?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
Standards
xfor
xreporting
xmethodologic
xelements
xare
12. xincreasingly xused.
Researchers
xreporting
xa
xnonrandomized
xevaluation
xof
xinterventions
xfollow
xwhich
xguidelines?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
13.
Theses xand xdissertations xnormally
xfollow xwhat xformat?
A)
IMRAD
B)
CONSORT
C)
STROBE
D)
TREND
Most xnursing xjournals xthat xpublish
xresearch xreports xare xrefereed xjournals
14.
xwith xa xpolicy xof xbasing xpublication
xdecisions xon xwhat xtype xof xreview?
A)
Impact
B)
Public
C)
Blind
D)
Healthcare xleaders
One xproxy xfor xa xjournal's xprestige xis
xthe xratio xbetween xcitations xto xa xjournal
15.
xand xrecent xcitable xitems xpublished. xWhat
xis xthe xname xof xthis xratio?
A)
Impact
B)
Trend
C)
Validity
D)
Reliability
In xa xdissertation xor xtechnical xreport, xa
16. xcopy xof xthe xdata xcollection xinstrument
xwould xnormally xbe xincluded xin xwhich
xsection?
A)
Introduction
B)
Methods
C)
Appendix
D)
Bibliography
17. What xis xthe xpurpose xof xa xquery xletter?
A)
Determine xwhether xa xjournal xeditor xhas
xinterest xin xa xproposed xmanuscript.
B)
Ask xpermission xto xsubmit xa xmanuscript xto
xmultiple xjournals xsimultaneously.
C)
Inquire xabout xthe xpublication xstatus xof
xsubmitted xmanuscript.
D)
Ask xfor xthe xmaximum xpage xlength xof
xthe xmanuscript xto xbe xsubmitted xfor
xpublication.
18.
How xmany xnursing xjournals xare xindexed
xin xCINAHL?
A)
More xthan x200
B)
More xthan x300
C)
More xthan x400
D)
More xthan x500
Care xshould xbe xtaken xin xusing xand
xpreparing xcitations. xSome xnursing
19.
xjournals xsuggest xthat xthere xbe xnot
xmore xthan xhow xmany xreferences?
A)
3
B)
5
C)
10
D)
15
The xmechanism xfor xsubmitting xa
xpresentation xto xa xconference xis
xsimpler xthan xfor xjournal xsubmission.
20. xThe xassociation xsponsoring xthe
xconference xordinarily xissues xa xCall
xfor xAbstracts xin xhow xmany xmonths
xbefore xthe xmeeting xdate?
A)
1 xto x2
B)
3 xto x5
C)
6 xto x9
D)
10 xto x12
Answer xKey
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. A
16. C
17. A
18. D
19. D
20. C
Chapter x31 xWriting xProposals xto xGenerate xEvidence
1.
A)
Preparing xproposals xfor xwhat xtype
xof xstudies xis xespecially
xchallenging?
Quantitative
B)
Qualitative
C)
Mixed xresearch
D)
Quantitative xand xqualitative
What xtype xof xproposals xneeds xto xpersuade
2. xreviewers xthat xthe xproposed xstudy xis
ximportant xand xa xgood xrisk?
A)
Quantitative
B)
Qualitative
C)
Mixed xresearch
D)
Research
What xbranch xof xgovernment xis xthe xlargest
3. xsource xof xresearch xfunds xfor xhealth
xresearchers xin xthe xUnited xStates?
A)
Local
B)
State
C)
Legislative
D)
Federal
The xNational xInstitutes xof xHealth
4. xannounce xspecial xopportunities xin xwhat
xform xfor xcontracts?
A)
Parent xAnnouncements
B)
Program xAnnouncements
C)
Requests xfor xApplications
D)
Requests xfor xProposals
The xNational xInstitutes xof xHealth
xannounce xspecial xopportunities xin xwhat
xforms xfor xgrants?
5.
1. Parent xAnnouncements
2. Program xAnnouncements
3. Requests xfor xApplications
4. Requests xfor xProposals
A)
1, x2
B)
1, x4
C)
2, x3
D)
3, x4
What xis xthe xtype xof xwritten
6. xdocument xspecifying xwhat xa
xresearcher xintends xto xstudy xcalled?
A)
Grantsmanship
B)
Research
C)
Parent xAnnouncements
D)
Program xAnnouncements
Nurses xcan xapply xfor xa xvariety xof
xgrants xfrom xNIH. xWhat xis xthe xmost
xcommon xtype xof xgrant?
1. Research xProject xGrants
7.
2. AREA xGrants
3. Small xGrants
4. Exploratory/Developmental
xGrants
A)
1
B)
1, x2
C)
1, x2, x3
D)
1, x2, x3, x4
Grant xapplications xto xNIH xare
xsubmitted xonline xusing xthe xSF424,
8.
xwhich xhas xa xseries xof xspecial xforms
xthat xrequire xwhat xtype xof xuploaded
xattachments?
A)
Word
B)
Excel
C)
Power xPoint
D)
PDF
The xheart xof xan xNIH xgrant xapplication
9. xis xthe xresearch xplan xcomponent,
xwhich xincludes xhow xmany xmajor
xsections?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
The xheart xof xan xNIH xgrant xapplication
xis xthe xresearch xplan xcomponent, xwhich
10. xincludes xa xsection xon xresearch
xstrategy. xWhat xis xthe xmaximum xnumber
xof xpages xfor xa xresearch xproject xgrant?
A)
3
B)
6
C)
9
D)
12
The xheart xof xan xNIH xgrant xapplication
xis xthe xresearch xplan xcomponent, xwhich
11. xincludes xa xsection xon xresearch
xstrategy. xWhat xis xthe xmaximum xnumber
xof xpages xfor xa xtraining xfellowship?
A)
3
B)
6
C)
9
D)
12
NIH xgrant xapplications xrequire xbudgets,
xwhich xcan xbe xan xabbreviated xmodular
12. xbudget xif xrequested xfunds xfor xR01
xgrants xdo xnot xexceed xhow xmany
xdollars xin xdirect xcosts xper xyear?
A)
$150, x000
B)
$200, x000
C)
$250,000
D)
$300,000
Grant xapplications xto xNIH xare
13. xreviewed xhow xmany xtimes xa xyear xin
xa xdual xreview xprocess?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
In xNIH's xreview xprocedure, xthe xstudy
xsection xassigns xpriority x(intensity)
xscores xonly xto xapplications xjudged xto
14.
xbe xin xthe xtop xhalf xof xproposals xbased
xon xa xpreliminary xappraisal xby xassigned
xreviewers. xWhat xis xthe xmost
xmeritorious xranking?
A)
1
B)
10
C)
50
D)
90
In xNIH's xreview xprocedure, xthe xstudy
xsection xassigns xpriority x(intensity)
xscores xonly xto xapplications xjudged xto
15.
xbe xin xthe xtop xhalf xof xproposals xbased
xon xa xpreliminary xappraisal xby xassigned
xreviewers. xWhat xis xthe xlowest xpossible
xranking?
A)
1
B)
10
C)
50
D)
90
16.
What xis xa xsuggestion xfor xwriting xa xstrong
xproposal xfor xthe xplanning xstage?
A)
Building xa xpersuasive xcase
B)
Justifying xmethodologic xdecisions
C)
Beginning xand xending xwith xflourish
D)
Selecting xan ximportant xtopic
17.
What xis xa xsuggestion xfor xwriting xa xstrong
xproposal xfor xthe xwriting xstage?
A)
Adhering xto xproposal xinstructions
B)
Starting xearly
C)
Creating xa xstrong xteam
D)
Reviewing xa xsuccessful xproposal
Specific xrequirements xregarding xthe
xlength xand xformat xof xdissertation
xproposals xvary xin xdifferent xsettings,
18.
xand xit xis ximportant xto xknow xat xthe
xoutset xwhat xis xexpected.
Typically, xdissertation xproposals xare
xhow xmany xpages xin xlength?
A)
10–20
B)
20–30
C)
20–40
D)
30–50
19.
What xis xthe xmost ximportant xsection xof xa
xdissertation xproposal?
A)
Literature xreview
B)
Theoretical xframework
C)
Hypothesis xformulation
D)
Bibliography
A xseasoned xresearcher xfrom xa xsmall
xliberal xarts xcollege xthat xhad xnot
20.
xreceived xmuch xNIH xsupport xwould xbe
xeligible xfor xwhich xaward?
A)
Research xProject xGrants
B)
AREA xGrants
C)
Small xGrants
D)
Exploratory/Developmental x Grants
Answer xKey
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. B
15. D
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. A
20. B