Lesson 18: Agricultural Sector
Agrarian Reform and Agricultural Programs: Duterte and Marcos Jr.



Comparing and contrasting key policies and initiatives
Analyzing achievements, challenges, and future directions
Focus on impact on farmers and agricultural productivity
Context: Philippine Agriculture Before Duterte (Pre-2016)



Historical overview of agrarian reform efforts (CARP)
Challenges: land ownership issues, low productivity, poverty
Key statistics: average farm size, agricultural contribution to GDP -For example, average
farm size in the Philippines is about 2.2 hectares -Mention issues of corruption and
inefficiencies within the Department of Agriculture
Duterte's Agricultural Agenda (2016-2022)




Focus on infrastructure development and rural credit
Masagana 99 program revival, irrigation projects, farm-to-market roads
Efforts to combat smuggling and corruption in the agricultural sector
Example: Php11 billion for irrigation projects. (Source: Department of Agriculture
Annual Reports) -Expanded access to credit through programs like the Agricultural
Credit Policy Council (ACPC)
Key Programs Under Duterte






Rice Tariffication Law (2019): Replacing import quotas with tariffs to increase rice
supply and lower prices
Aim: Increase rice availability by 10% and reduce prices by 5%
National Rice Program: Increasing rice production through modern technologies and
inputs
Target: 95% self-sufficiency in rice by 2022
"Build, Build, Build" Infrastructure: Farm-to-market roads to improve market access
Goal: Construct or upgrade 10,000 km of farm-to-market roads -Mention the successes
and failures of these programs using specific numbers
Challenges and Criticisms of Duterte's Approach



Impact of Rice Tariffication Law on local farmers - data on decreased income
Example: Rice farmer incomes decreased by 15% in the first year after implementation
(Source: Philippine Statistics Authority)
Limited access to credit and support for small farmers

Continued issues with corruption and inefficiency in agricultural agencies -Criticisms
from farmer groups regarding lack of consultation.
Marcos Jr.'s Agricultural Priorities (2022-Present)



Marcos Jr. as Secretary of Agriculture: emphasis on food security and self-sufficiency
Focus on increasing productivity, modernizing agriculture, and supporting local farmers
Goal: Increase agricultural output by 5% annually (Source: Marcos Jr.'s SONA 2023)
Key Programs and Initiatives Under Marcos Jr.






National Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Plan (NAFMP): Investing in
technology and innovation
Funding: Php20 billion allocated for modernization efforts
Fertilizer Subsidy Program: Providing fertilizer subsidies to reduce input costs
Target: 1 million farmers to receive subsidies, reducing fertilizer costs by 30%
Kadiwa Stores: Government-supported markets to connect farmers directly with
consumers
Objective: Increase farmer income by 20% by cutting out middlemen -Specific
quantitative goals and metrics
Comparing Policy Approaches: Duterte vs. Marcos Jr.



Contrasting focus areas: infrastructure vs. modernization
Similarities: emphasis on food security and support for farmers
Different strategies: tariffication vs. subsidy programs -Analysis of budget allocations for
agriculture under both administrations.
Challenges and Future Directions for Marcos Jr.



Addressing the impact of climate change on agriculture
Improving access to credit and financial services for small farmers
Combating smuggling and corruption in the agricultural sector -Focus on sustainability
and resilience in agricultural practices.
Conclusion: Towards a Sustainable and Inclusive Agricultural Future



Key takeaways: successes and challenges of both administrations
Recommendations for future agricultural policy
Importance of farmer empowerment, technology adoption, and sustainable practices -The
need for long-term investment and commitment to the agricultural sector.