IP ADDRESS (Internet Protocol)
-
A unique string of numbers separated
by periods that identifies each computer
using the Internet Protocol to communicate
over a network
SUBNET MASK
-
FIREWALL
-
VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK)
A 32-bit number used to differentiate the
network and host portions of an IP address
-
ROUTER
-
A device that forwards data packets
between computer networks
A network device that connects device
together on a computer network by using
packet switching to receive, process, and
forward data to the destination device
GATEWAY
-
DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)
-
A system that translates domain names
(like www.example.com) into IP addresses.
DHCP (DYNAMIC
PROTOCOL)
-
HOST
CONFIGURATION
A network management protocol used to
automate the process of configuring
devices on IP networks.
A unique identifier assigned to a network
interface
controller
(NIC)
for
communications at the data link layer of a
network segment.
-
A network that connects computers within
a limited area such as a residence, school,
or office building.
WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)
-
A telecommunications network that
extends over a large geographical area for
the primary purpose of computer
networking.
The delay between the sender and receiver
during data transfer.
PACKET
-
A small segment of data sent over a
network.
TCP (TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL)
-
A core protocol of the Internet Protocol
Suite that provides reliable, ordered, and
error-checked delivery of a stream of bytes
between applications.
UDP (USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL)
-
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
-
The maximum rate of data transfer across
a given path.
LATENCY
MAC ADDRESS
-
A method of remapping one IP address
space into another by modifying network
address information in the IP header of
packets while they are in transit across a
traffic routing device.
BANDWIDTH
-
A node that serves as an access point to
another network, often involving different
protocols.
A service that allows you to connect to the
internet via an encrypted tunnel to ensure
your online privacy and protect your
sensitive data.
NAT (NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION)
-
SWITCH
-
A network security system that monitors
and controls incoming and outgoing
network traffic based on predetermined
security rules.
A communication protocol that offers a
limited amount of service when messages
are exchanged between computers in a
network.
FTP (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)
-
A standard network protocol used for the
transfer of computer files between a client
and server on a computer network.
HTTP (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL)
-
The protocol used for transmitting web
pages over the Internet.
HTTPS (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
SECURE)
-
An extension of HTTP that uses SSL/TLS
to encrypt data for secure communication
over the Internet.
SSL/TLS (SECURE SOCKETS
LAYER/TRANSPORT LAYER SECURITY)
-
-
Used by network devices to send error
messages and operational information.
-
A unique ID that consists of 32 characters
and is used for naming wireless networks.
QOS (QUALITY OF SERVICE)
-
The description or measurement of the
overall performance of a service, such as
telephony or computer networking.
VLAN (VIRTUAL LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
-
A logical subdivision of a physical network,
used to create separate, isolated networks
within a single physical network.
SNMP (SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT
PROTOCOL)
-
An Internet Standard protocol for collecting
and organizing information about managed
devices on IP networks.
MTU (MAXIMUM TRANSMISSION UNIT)
-
-
-
A technology that lets network cables carry
electrical power.
BGP (BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL)
-
The protocol used to exchange routing
information between autonomous systems
on the Internet.
A network of servers that deliver web
content to users based on their geographic
location.
RADIUS (REMOTE AUTHENTICATION DIAL-IN
USER SERVICE)
-
A networking protocol that provides
centralized Authentication, Authorization,
and Accounting (AAA) management for
users who connect and use a network
service.
NAC (NETWORK ACCESS CONTROL)
-
A security solution that enforces policy on
devices that access networks to increase
network visibility and reduce risk.
SIEM (SECURITY INFORMATION AND EVENT
MANAGEMENT)
-
-
A solution that provides real-time analysis
of security alerts generated by applications
and network hardware.
IDS (INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM)
A device or software application that
monitors a network for malicious activity or
policy violations.
IPS (INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM)
-
The size of the largest packet that can be
sent over a network medium.
POE (POWER OVER ETHERNET)
A protocol used for mapping an IP address
to a MAC address that is recognized in the
local network.
CDN (CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORK)
SSID (SERVICE SET IDENTIFIER)
-
A routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP)
networks that uses a link state routing
algorithm.
ARP (ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL)
Protocols for encrypting information sent
over the internet.
ICMP (INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE
PROTOCOL)
-
OSPF (OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST)
A network security/threat prevention
technology that examines network traffic
flows to detect and prevent vulnerability
exploits.
DMZ (DEMILITARIZED ZONE)
-
A physical or logical subnetwork that
contains and exposes an organization's
external-facing services to an untrusted
network, usually the Internet.
TOPOLOGY
-
The arrangement of different elements
(links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network.
ACCESS POINT
-
ETHERNET
-
A family of computer networking
technologies commonly used in local area
networks (LAN).
PING
-
BACKBONE
-
The main connectivity device that links
various parts of a network together.
MODEM (MODULATOR-DEMODULATOR)
-
A device that converts digital data from a
computer into analog signals for
transmission over telephone lines, and vice
versa.
A set of rules and conventions for sending
information over a network.
-
-
Any device connected to a network, such
as a computer, printer, or router.
PEER-TO-PEER (P2P)
-
A decentralized communications model in
which each party has the same capabilities
and either party can initiate a
communication session.
-
A network architecture where a server
provides resources and services to one or
more client devices.
A network where devices communicate
with each other without physical
connections, typically using radio waves.
BLUETOOTH
-
A wireless technology standard for
exchanging data over short distances
using short-wavelength UHF radio waves.
WI-FI (WIRELESS FIDELITY)
-
A technology for wireless local area
networking with devices based on the IEEE
802.11 standards.
The process of transferring data from a
local computer to a remote system.
DOWNLOAD
-
The process of receiving data from a
remote system to a local computer.
PORT
-
A communication endpoint used for
networking that identifies a specific
process or service on a device.
DUPLEX
-
WIRELESS NETWORK
-
A server that acts as an intermediary for
requests from clients seeking resources
from other servers.
UPLOAD
CLIENT-SERVER
-
A network diagnostic tool used to track the
pathway taken by a packet on an IP
network from source to destination.
PROXY SERVER
-
NODE
A network utility used to test the
reachability of a host on an Internet
Protocol (IP) network and measure the
round-trip time for messages sent.
TRACEROUTE
PROTOCOL
-
A device that allows wireless devices to
connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi, or
related standards.
A system that allows communication in
both directions. Full duplex allows
simultaneous two-way communication; half
duplex allows two-way communication, but
not simultaneously.
BROADCAST
-
transmission of data to all devices on a
network.
UNICAST
-
The transmission of data to a single
specific recipient on a network.
MULTICAST
The transmission of data to multiple specific
recipients on a network.
STAR TOPOLOGY
-
A network topology where each node is
connected to a central hub.
MBPS (MEGABYTES PER SECOND)
-
RING TOPOLOGY
-
A network topology where each node is
connected to two other nodes, forming a
ring.
A unit of measurement for data transfer
speed. It indicates how many megabytes (1
million bytes) of data can be transferred in
one second. Since there are 8 bits in a
byte, 1 MBps is equal to 8 Mbps. This term
is often used to describe the speed at
which data is transferred between devices,
such as from a hard drive to a computer.
MESH TOPOLOGY*:
-
### Key Difference:
A network topology where each node
relays data for the network and all nodes
cooperate in the distribution of data.
BUS TOPOLOGY
-
A network topology where each node is
connected to a single central cable, called
the bus.
TOKEN RING
-
A network topology where nodes are
arranged in a ring and pass a token around
the network to control access.
- *Mbps* measures speed in megabits per second
and is often used for network speeds.
- *MBps* measures speed in megabytes per
second and is often used for data transfer rates
between devices.
### Conversion:
- 1 MBps = 8 Mbps
SSD (SOLID STATE DRIVE)
-
COLLISION
-
When two or more devices send a signal
along the same channel simultaneously,
causing the signals to collide and become
unusable.
FRAME
-
A digital data transmission unit in computer
networking and telecommunications.
REPEATER
-
A device that receives and retransmits a
signal to extend the range of transmission.
MBPS (MEGABITS PER SECOND)
-
A unit of measurement for data transfer
speed. It indicates how many megabits (1
million bits) of data can be transferred in
one second. This term is commonly used to
describe the speed of an internet
connection. For example, a 100 Mbps
internet connection can transfer 100
megabits of data per second.
An SSD is a type of storage device that
uses flash memory to store data. Unlike
traditional hard drives, SSDs have no
moving parts, which makes them faster,
more durable, and more energy-efficient.
They provide quicker boot times, faster file
transfers, and improved overall system
responsiveness.
HDD (HARD DISK DRIVE)
-
An HDD is a traditional storage device that
uses spinning magnetic disks to read and
write data. HDDs are generally slower than
SSDs due to the mechanical nature of their
operation but often offer larger storage
capacities at a lower cost per gigabyte.
They are commonly used for bulk storage
where speed is not a critical factor.
HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
VGA - Video Graphics Array
UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair (up to 100m)
STP - Shielded Twisted Pair
CC - Coaxial Cable
Fibre Optic - Light Emission, Expensive Glass
Wire
LAN/PAN - Local Area Network/Personal Area
Network
Intranet - Internal Network
Extranet - External Network
HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
VGA - Video Graphics Array
UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair (up to 100m)
Emulator - Network Layout
STP - Shielded Twisted Pair
Simulator - Data Transfer
CC - Coaxial Cable
Default - pkt
Fibre Optics - Light Emission, Expensive, Glass
Wire
Pka - Packet Tracer Activity
Industry Standard Architecture
Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers
(IEEE)
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
Class E IP Address - 192.168.0.1
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Ping - To Find the Connected IP Address
MAC - Media Access Control
PDU - Protocol Data Unit
Straight-through (A and B) - Connects Unlike
Devices
Crossover - Connects Similar Devices
ALU - Arithmetic Logical Unit
Hertz - Operations per Second
Giga - Billion
Kilo - Thousand
CU - Control Unit
RAM - Random Access Memory
HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
VGA - Video Graphics Array
UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair (up to 100m)
STP - Shielded Twisted Pair
CC - Coaxial Cable
Fibre Optics - Light Emission, Expensive, Glass
Wire
LAN/PAN - Local Area Network/Personal Area
Network
HDMI
(HIGH
INTERFACE)
-
DEFINITION
MULTIMEDIA
A proprietary audio/video interface for
transmitting uncompressed video data and
compressed or uncompressed digital audio
data from an HDMI-compliant source
device to a compatible display, projector, or
audio device.
VGA (VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY)
-
A standard for computer video output that
defines the resolution, color depth, and
refresh rate of the display. Commonly used
to connect monitors to computers.
FIBRE OPTICS
-
LAN/PAN
(LOCAL
AREA
NETWORK/PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)
LAN:
-
UTP (UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR)
-
A type of twisted pair cable that is used in
networking and telecommunications. It
consists of pairs of wires twisted together
to reduce electromagnetic interference.
Typically used for Ethernet cables with a
maximum length of 100 meters.
STP (SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR)
-
Similar to UTP, but with an additional
shielding
to
protect
against
electromagnetic interference, providing
better performance in electrically noisy
environments.
CC (COAXIAL CABLE)
-
-
A type of electrical cable consisting of a
central conductor, insulating layer, metallic
shield, and outer insulating layer.
Commonly used for cable television,
internet, and other data communications.
A technology that uses glass (or plastic)
fibers to transmit data as light signals,
offering high-speed data transmission over
long distances with minimal loss and
interference. It is more expensive than
traditional copper cabling.
A network that connects computers and
devices within a limited area such as a
home, school, or office building.
PAN:
= A network for interconnecting devices centered
around an individual person's workspace, typically
within a range of a few meters.
T568A Color Code
5. Pin 5: White/Blue -> White/Blue
1. Pin 1: White/Green
6. Pin 6: Orange -> Green
2. Pin 2: Green
7. Pin 7: White/Brown -> White/Brown
3. Pin 3: White/Orange
8. Pin 8: Brown -> Brown
4. Pin 4: Blue
5. Pin 5: White/Blue
6. Pin 6: Orange
7. Pin 7: White/Brown
8. Pin 8: Brown
T568B Color Code
1. Pin 1: White/Orange
In this configuration, the transmitting and receiving
pairs are crossed to allow direct device
communication.
Rolled Cable
A rolled cable (also known as a rollover or console
cable) is used to connect a computer terminal to a
router's console port. It has a special pinout where
one end is the exact reverse of the other.
Rolled Cable Pin Configuration
2. Pin 2: Orange
1. Pin 1: -> Pin 8
3. Pin 3: White/Green
2. Pin 2: -> Pin 7
4. Pin 4: Blue
3. Pin 3: -> Pin 6
5. Pin 5: White/Blue
4. Pin 4: -> Pin 5
6. Pin 6: Green
5. Pin 5: -> Pin 4
7. Pin 7: White/Brown
6. Pin 6: -> Pin 3
8. Pin 8: Brown
7. Pin 7: -> Pin 2
Straight-Through Cable
8. Pin 8: -> Pin 1
A straight-through cable is the most common type
of Ethernet cable. It uses the same wiring standard
(either T568A or T568B) on both ends. This type
of cable is used to connect different types of
devices, such as a computer to a switch or a router
to a modem.

Both Ends: T568A or Both Ends: T568B
Crossover Cable
A crossover cable is used to connect similar
devices directly, such as connecting two
computers without a switch or hub. It uses T568A
on one end and T568B on the other.

One End: T568A

Other End: T568B
Crossover Cable Pin Configuration
1. Pin 1: White/Green -> White/Orange
2. Pin 2: Green -> Orange
3. Pin 3: White/Orange -> White/Green
4. Pin 4: Blue -> Blue
For most standard networking needs, you will
primarily use straight-through cables wired as
either T568A or T568B. Crossover cables are less
common now due to the auto-MDIX feature in
modern
networking
equipment,
which
automatically detects and adjusts for cable type.