SCM20003 - Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Semester 1, 2025
Assignment 2
Report
Prepared by: Group 2
Nguyen Thi Anh Ngoc - 104988786
Pham Tran Phu Thanh - 105061934
Tran Thi Thuy Lien - 105705559
Pham Hoang Uyen Thu - 104169552
Nguyen Truc Minh Uyen - 104336893
Prepared for:
Dr. An Duong
Wordcount: 4434
NIKE PREMIER LEAGUE ACADEMY 2024/25 FOOTBALL
This report develops a forecast and distribution plan for the Nike
Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football (PLU: M69571801),
ensuring efficient supply to meet projected demand across Rebel
Sport outlets in Australia from January 2024 to December 2024.
Nike
Australian leading sports equipment and apparel chain
Offering high-quality sports equipment, apparel, accessories
Network design: standalone stores & sections within larger retail
spaces (totaling 163 stores) & online presence
Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football
Founded in 1964 and headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon
Selling
high-quality
athletic
footwear,
apparel,
equipment, and accessories, emphasizing innovation and
superior construction.
The Official Ball Supplier of the English Premier League
(EPL) from the Nike Geo Merlin (2000/01) to the latest Nike
Flight (2024/25)
DEMAND
FORECASTING
Forecasting predicts future
trends using past data and
relevant variables.
Method
Price: 39.9 AUD
Characteristics: Durability, Flight Stability, Accuracy
Manufacture: Vietnam
mm,
Category: Training and semi-competitive football product
Customer segment: Amateur Club Players, Skill Development
Players, and Recreational Football Enthusiasts
SOURCING SUPPLIERS
Bill of Materials
Inner Bladder - 67% Butyl Rubber
Valve Assembly - Butyl Rubber
Inner Layers - 13% Polyester, 10% Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
Quantitative forecasting method
Time Series
Why: Nike leverages data-driven
forecasting for precision in supply
chain planning.
Outer Cover -10% Polyurethane (PU)
Autoregressive
details
Integrated
Stitches (Polyester Thread)
3D ACC (All Conditions Control) Ink
Moving Average
How: Analyzes past sales trends,
seasonality, and external factors to
optimize inventory and meet demand.
(ARIMA)
Supply chain diagram
Prediction Model
Influencing factors
Trend: Growing participation in football, driven by high
engagement among youth and a rising fan base in urban
areas.
Seasonal: Peak football participation during
spring/summer enhances product sales, especially
around major tournaments.
Cyclical: Strong economic growth in Australia supports
increased discretionary spending on sports gear
PLACE, TIME AND QUANTITY UTILITY
Thailand Suppliers: A major hub for natural rubber production with
a strategic shipping location in Southeast Asia
China Suppliers: A global manufacturing leader with advanced
infrastructure, abundant labor, and a strong logistics network.
Japan Suppliers: A leader in technological innovation, ensuring
high precision, durability, and performance in manufacturing.
Place Utility
Time Utility
Quantity Utility
Need information on
-Stores
-Warehouses
-Suppliers
-Distribution
infrastructure
-Order processing
-Lead time
-Inventory levels
-Supplier lead times
-Logistics scheduling
-Order accuracy
-Sales & reorder
analytics
-Returns data
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
SCOR model
15 days
Estimated delivery time
PLAN/SOURCE/MAKE/DELIVER/RETURN
Logistics &
Supply
chain
DISTRIBUTION
Inovation &
Learning
Balanced Scorecard
Customer
Business
Finance
Contract warehousing
Contract with 3PLs
Risk Mitigation
Cost Efficiency & Scalability
Focus on Core Competencies
Advanced Technology & Tracking
Operational Efficiency
Global Logistics Expertise
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................2
1.1. Background of Nike and the Selected Product.......................................................................... 2
1.2. Background of Rebel Sport........................................................................................................3
1.2.1. Market Operations & Network Design:............................................................................ 3
1.2.2. Online Presence & Digital Supply Chain:........................................................................ 4
1.2.3. Product Range & Customer Segments of Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25
Football:...................................................................................................................................... 4
2. DEMAND FORECASTING............................................................................................................ 6
2.1. Forecast definition and evolution...............................................................................................6
2.2. The forecasting methods suitable for Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football......... 7
2.3. Factors influencing demand....................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1. Market Trends:.................................................................................................................. 9
2.3.2. Seasonal Patterns:........................................................................................................... 10
2.3.3. Business Cycles.............................................................................................................. 10
3. SOURCING SUPPLIERS.............................................................................................................. 12
3.1. Bill of Materials (BOM).......................................................................................................... 12
3.2. Supply Chain Diagram.............................................................................................................15
4. PLACE, TIME AND QUANTITY UTILITY.............................................................................. 16
5. SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT...........................................................17
6. DISTRIBUTION............................................................................................................................. 19
6.1. Distribution Route....................................................................................................................19
6.2. Estimated delivery time........................................................................................................... 23
6.3. Private fleet or contract 3PLs...................................................................................................25
6.4. Private or contract warehouse.................................................................................................. 26
6.4.1. Private warehouse........................................................................................................... 26
6.4.2. Contract warehousing:.................................................................................................... 27
7. CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................... 28
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................29
APPENDIX.......................................................................................................................................... 44
List of Figures
Figure 1
The ultimate forecasting model
6
Figure 2
The process of forecasting
7
Figure 3
Four examples of time series showing different patterns
8
Figure 4
Contributions of Discretionary and Essential Consumption to Quarterly GDP Growth in
Australia
11
Figure 5
Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football’s bill of materials
12
Figure 6
Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football’s supply chain model.
15
Figure 7
SCOR process-related indicators.
18
Figure 8
Relationships between supply chain management and the BSC Framework
19
Figure 9
Nike’s Contract Manufacturing Facility in Vietnam – Tremon Sporting Goods Enterprise Co.,
Ltd.
20
Figure 10 Distribution Route of Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football
22
Figure 11 Specific route and estimated time of transportation from Vietnam to Australia
25
List of Tables
Table 1
Bill of materials of Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 football ball and supplier
information
14
Table 2
Information Flow Management
17
Table 3
Comparison of Modal Capabilities
21
Table 4
Breakdown of Estimated Delivery Time
24
List of Abbreviations
3PL​
​
​
Third-party Logistics
ARIMA​
​
Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average
BOM​ ​
​
Bill of Material
DCs​
​
​
Distribution centers
PU​
​
​
Polyurethane
SCOR​ ​
​
Supply Chain Operations Refer
IFM​
​
​
Information Flow Management
BSC​
​
​
Balanced Scorecard
Keywords: Nike, Rebel Sport, Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football, Supply
Chain Management,
Supplier Sourcing, Value-added utilities, Performance measurement,
Distribution Network, 3PLs, Demand forecasting.
1
1. INTRODUCTION
This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the supply chain for the Nike Premier
League Academy 2024/25 Football (PLU: M69571801) within the context of Rebel Sport Australia’s
retail operations. It examines Rebel Sport’s operational background, product range, and customer
segmentation to contextualize the strategic positioning of the chosen product. Key components of the
analysis include estimating demand through forecasting methods, factors influencing product
demand, creating a Bill of Materials (BOM), and assessing supply chain logistics, including
distribution routes and transportation modalities. The report also evaluates transportation modalities
and warehousing options while considering geopolitical risks related to supplier selection. Ultimately,
this analysis aims to provide Rebel Sport Australia with actionable insights to develop a forecast and
distribution plan for the period January 2024 to December 2024, optimizing product availability,
reducing costs, and enhancing customer satisfaction to strengthen Rebel’s market competitiveness.
1.1. Background of Nike and the Selected Product
Nike, Inc. is a global leader in selling athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and
services, renowned for its innovation and high-quality construction in the development and
manufacturing of the products. Founded in 1964 and headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, the
company operates a diverse portfolio, including Nike, Jordan, and Converse, catering to professional
athletes, sports teams, and fitness enthusiasts worldwide (Wu, 2024). The company relies on over 700
offshore manufacturing partners, primarily in Asia, to support its apparel, footwear, and equipment
production, ensuring large-scale global distribution despite geographical distance from key consumer
markets such as North America (Emeghara et al., 2017).
Nike offers a broad range of performance equipment and accessories under the NIKE Brand,
including sport balls, bags, socks, protective gear, eyewear, and digital devices (U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission, 2024). As the Official Ball Supplier of the English Premier League (EPL)
since the 2000/01 season, Nike continuously providing advanced football technology from the Nike
Geo Merlin (2000/01) to the latest Nike Flight (2024/25), integrating Aerowsculpt technology for
enhanced flight stability and accuracy (Premier League, n.d.). Nike’s Premier League 2024/25 ball
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lineup consists of multiple tiers tailored to different playing levels, such the Nike Premier League
Flight, Academy, Pitch, and Skills Ball.
1.2. Background of Rebel Sport
Rebel Sport is Australia’s leading sports retail chain, offering a diverse range of sporting
goods, apparel, and footwear across multiple categories, including football, tennis, running, and gym
equipment (Rebel, 2024). Rebel was founded in 1985 and has since developed into a major force in
the Australian sports retail industry, serving both amateur and professional athletes. The company
stocks products from major global brands such as Nike, Under Armour, ASICS, Reebok, Puma, and
Adidas, providing customers with high-quality sports gear and accessories. Rebel operates an
extensive network of brick-and-mortar stores across Australia, alongside a robust e-commerce
platform, allowing customers to shop conveniently both in-store and online (Pacific Werribee, 2025).
1.2.1. Market Operations & Network Design:
The company operates through a multi-channel distribution strategy, seamlessly linking retail
stores with a strong online presence to serve a diverse range of customers. Rebel Sport’s retail
network includes 163 stores across Australia distributed as follows:
​
•​
New South Wales (NSW): 51 stores
​
•​
Victoria (VIC): 39 stores
​
•​
Queensland (QLD): 39 stores
​
•​
Western Australia (WA): 16 stores
​
•​
South Australia (SA): 11 stores
​
•​
Australian Capital Territory (ACT): 4 stores
​
•​
Tasmania (TAS): 2 stores
3
​
•​
Northern Territory (NT): 1 stores
Rebel Sport employs a centralized distribution model, where inventory is stored at
distribution centers (DCs) before being transferred to retail stores nationwide. This model reduces
lead times, optimizes transportation costs, and minimizes excess inventory risks (Chopra.S, 2021).
Additionally, Rebel Sport collaborates with logistics partners to enhance transportation efficiency,
particularly during peak football seasons, allowing the company to focus on retail operations while
ensuring fast and cost-effective store replenishment (Christopher, M., 2022).
1.2.2. Online Presence & Digital Supply Chain:
Rebel Sport’s e-commerce system integrates real-time order processing, inventory
management, and distribution, improving demand forecasting, stock optimization, and cost efficiency
(Hübner et al., 2022). With real-time inventory tracking, customers can check product availability
before purchasing, reducing stockouts and enhancing shopping convenience (Wagner, S. M., &
Sutter, R., 2012). To support e-commerce operations, Rebel Sport leverages an optimized delivery
network, including express shipping and click-and-collect services, minimizing costs and shortening
delivery times (Deloitte, 2023).
1.2.3. Product Range & Customer Segments of Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25
Football:
The company’s product range spans multiple categories, including sports equipment, apparel,
footwear, and fitness accessories, ensuring that customers have access to high-quality gear from
leading global brands (Appendix 1). Rebel Sport Australia offers a diverse selection of footballs from
brands like Nike, Adidas, and Wilson, catering to a wide spectrum of customer segments, including
professional athletes, amateur club players, skill development enthusiasts, and recreational
participants (Rebel Sport, 2024). Within this product portfolio, the Nike Premier League Academy
2024/25 Football occupies a strategic mid-tier range, designed to balance performance with
affordability. Priced at AUD 39.99, this ball sits between entry-level training balls (AUD 20-40) and
premium FIFA-certified match balls (over AUD 200) (Rebel, 2024) This pricing strategy reflects the
4
product's intended usage: to provide a durable and reliable option for players who require
performance beyond basic training equipment but do not necessitate the specifications of a
professional match ball. The price allows for regular use without the financial burden associated with
high-end models, making it a practical choice for consistent training and semi-competitive play
(Nike, 2023).
The customer segment for the Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football primarily
comprises:
●​ Amateur Club Players: Individuals participating in organized, non-professional leagues who
require a durable and reliable ball for regular training and club matches.
●​ Skill Development Players: Youth players and individuals focused on enhancing their football
skills, who seek a balance of quality and affordability for effective training.
●​ Recreational Football Enthusiasts: Individuals engaging in football for leisure and fitness who
prioritize durability and functionality for casual play.
5
2. DEMAND FORECASTING
2.1. Forecast definition and evolution
Forecasting is a method of predicting future occurrences or trends using available data, and
past patterns and examining relevant variables (Amara, 1988). Forecasting is a crucial supply chain
management process since it improves labor efficiency, inventory control, and product flow while
increasing profitability (Marien, 2001). Aside from these operational benefits, it enables informed
decisions in production, inventory management, and resource allocation (De et al., 2015; Syntetos et
al., 2009; Wacker & Lummus, 2002). Businesses can improve planning accuracy by evaluating
historical sales data to discover demand trends, such as seasonal swings (Kusiak et al., 2007).
Furthermore, forecasting improves risk management by predicting demand fluctuations, allowing
firms to establish contingency plans (Ittner & Michels, 2016) and facilitating goal setting through
realistic performance benchmarks (Lawless, 2008).
There are two types of forecasting techniques: qualitative, which rely on expert opinion
(Clarke, 1992), and quantitative, which employs historical data and statistical models (A. Goldstone,
2008). To improve accuracy and dependability, forecasters frequently use a mix of the two
methodologies (Figure 1).
Figure 1
The ultimate forecasting model
Source: (Caniato et al., 2011, p.7)
6
A structured strategy for forecasting combines historical data analysis, model selection,
accuracy evaluation, and iterative improvements to improve prediction dependability (Figure 2).
Figure 2
The process of forecasting
Source: (Uddin & Sultanul Hasnat, 2018, p.5)
2.2. The forecasting methods suitable for Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25
Football
To forecast demand for the Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 football product, the
ARIMA time series analysis model is a suitable quantitative forecasting method. ARIMA is a time
series forecasting technique that is especially effective for products with historical sales data,
identifiable trends, and seasonal demand fluctuations.
To forecast the operational time series, Nike must collect sales data for the football product
over a specific period (e.g. daily, weekly, monthly). This data will then be visualized through a time
series chart to identify increases and decreases in trends, seasons, and periods.
Compared to other methods such as exponential smoothing and weighted moving average, the
ARIMA model has a more diverse combination of both trends and seasons. ARIMA also adjusts to
7
changes in demand patterns by analyzing historical data and forecast errors (Chatfield et al., 2019).
Additionally, it helps predict demand spikes to help retailers maintain appropriate inventory levels,
limit bottlenecks, and reduce inventory costs. The ARIMA method can be refined by Rebel to predict
and automate production planning for highly variable situations including: Increased demand before
major tournaments such as the World Cup, FIFA, UEFA Champions League, and another small
domestic league. Major promotions during the year such as Black Friday, Christmas, and postseason
inventory sales. Sales spike during months when schools and sports academies purchase large
quantities of new equipment.
Figure 3
Four examples of time series showing different patterns
Source: (J Hyndman & Athanasopoulos, 2018)
The ARIMA method can also be integrated with other data sources (including social media
interactions, search queries, and website traffic) to identify spikes in interest in specific football
models. Refinement of trends based on competitive metrics allows Rebel to quickly react to
8
competitors’ pricing strategies. Therefore, the ARIMA model is suitable for markets with external
influences such as marketing campaigns, sponsorship deals, and global sporting events. However,
ARIMA still has limitations. The ARIMA model assumes that future trends will be similar or
continue from past trends. Faced with sudden changes in the market such as economic recessions, the
global COVID-109 pandemic will make the model less effective (Bobeica & Hartwig, 2021). In
addition, this model also requires a lot of computational resources to adjust the parameters (d, p, and
q values), which is a disadvantage for businesses that cannot analyze the data themselves (Hyndman
& Athanasopoulos, 2018).
In summary, time series analysis and ARIMA modeling are the most optimal choices for
Nike's soccer products. However, to ensure good sales, it is necessary to continue monitoring to
fine-tune the model to suit market changes.
2.3. Factors influencing demand
2.3.1. Market Trends:
Increasing Participation Rates
Football is one of the most popular sports in Australia, with high participation rates among
children and adults. Over 1.3 million Australians actively participate in football, making it the most
played outdoor team sport (Statista, 2024a). Research reveals that participation in Australia is
predominantly male, with about 9% of adult males and 3% of adult females participating actively
(Statista, 2024b). Youth participation is particularly pronounced, especially among boys aged 9 to 11,
who represent the largest segment of players (Australian Sports Commission, 2019). Football has
also seen a notable rise in participation across Australia through the rising popularity of tournaments
like the FIFA World Cup, Premier League and the A-League, e, generating extensive media coverage
and public enthusiasm (Statista, 2024c, Nikolaou et al., 2023). Concurrently, the A-League,
Australia's premier football league, is cultivating a growing fan base, particularly in urban hubs such
as Sydney and Melbourne (Pisani, 2022). These cities are becoming focal points for football culture,
which translates into increased demand for football-related products like the Nike Flight Ball.
Regional Demand Dynamics
9
Urban areas like Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane are seeing increased demand for football
products due to larger populations, active communities, and professional clubs like Sydney FC and
Melbourne Victory (Australian Sports Commission, 2019). This strong local support for these teams
fosters grassroots involvement, leading to higher participation rates. Additionally, regional areas are
also witnessing growth, driven by community engagement initiatives and grassroots programs,
further expanding the market for Rebel’s products (Markwide Research, 2025).
2.3.2. Seasonal Patterns:
Football participation tends to peak during the spring and summer months (September to
February), when weather conditions are most favorable for outdoor activities (Al-Mohannadi &
Al-Kuwari, 2015). School holidays and community events occurring during this period further boost
engagement, leading to increased sales of footballs (Holmes, 2021). This seasonal trend necessitates a
strategic alignment of supply chain activities to capture the heightened consumer interest during these
months. Additionally, major tournaments, such as the Premier League and A-League finals
significantly amplify media exposure and consumer enthusiasm (Thabi, 2024). These events
frequently align with the height of the sport season, leading to a significant rise in public interest and
involvement. For example, during the FIFA World Cup, there is a recorded spike in the sales of
football-related products as the sport experiences increased visibility and engagement (Nikolaou et
al., 2023).
2.3.3. Business Cycles
Australia’s GDP is expected to reach $1.88 trillion (nominal) in 2025, with a real growth rate
of 2.1%, driven by strong domestic demand and continued infrastructure investment (International
Monetary Fund, 2023). This favorable economic climate supports increased discretionary spending,
enabling consumers to allocate more funds toward leisure activities, such as purchasing sports gear
like the Nike Flight Ball (Hampson et al., 2023; ABS, 2022). Furthermore, the average household
disposable income per capita is expected to reach approximately USD 59,710 in 2025, indicating a
rising consumer capacity to purchase premium sports products (Statista, 2025).
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On the other hand, during economic downturns, consumers become price-sensitive,
prioritizing essentials and affordable alternatives that offer better long-term value, leading them to
reevaluate budgets and focus more on quality and performance over brand loyalty (Hampson et al.,
2023; Mansouri, 2021). However, the Nike Flight Ball's strong reputation for quality enables it to
remain appealing in tough times, allowing marketing strategies to emphasize its long-term value and
superior performance to attract cost-conscious consumers (Keränen et al., 2020).
Figure 4
Contributions of Discretionary and Essential Consumption to Quarterly GDP Growth in Australia
(Volume Measures, Seasonally Adjusted)
Source: (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2025)
11
3. SOURCING SUPPLIERS
3.1. Bill of Materials (BOM)
The Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 football is a combination of many
high-performance materials, to meet durability and aerodynamic precision, each material plays an
extremely important role. The supply chain of the production process is researched extremely
precisely from the selection of raw materials to the assembly stage, and finally the packaging, and
shipping. To ensure the most cost optimization, the choice of raw material origin will come from
many countries, especially Asia such as China, Japan, and Thailand.
Figure 5
Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football’s bill of materials
Core Bladder and Inner Bladder are the first parts of the ball. The center is the part that holds
the air and is produced from Butyl rubber in Thailand. Raw Butyl rubber must go through a series of
processes such as refining, blending, and vulcanization to increase the ability to hold air. Then the
liquid Butyl compound will be molded into a hollow sphere shape. The thermoplastic elastomer
(TPE) valve assembly will be linked from the outer shell to the Inner Bladder to pump air in.
The Inner Lining and Reinforcement Layers, below the PU layer, require multiple
reinforcement layers to ensure the ball's impact resistance. These layers are made with a ratio of 13%
12
Polyester, and 10% Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), this formula provides the best elasticity. Polyester
yarn is the raw material provided by Tier 2, which then goes through a weaving process to increase
the toughness and elasticity. The function of the lining also helps to evenly distribute the impact force
on all surfaces of the ball, which helps to maintain its shape during use.
Outer shell and structural components. The material for the outer layer of the ball is made
from 10% Polyurethane (PU) produced in China, with the function of abrasion resistance and water
resistance, ensuring durability and flexibility during use. To improve the surface grip, a surface
coating will be applied to the PU layer through the polymerization method. Then, for aerodynamic
uniformity, the PU sheets are cut into regular hexagonal pieces, each piece consisting of 4 hexagons.
Once the PU sheets are ready, they are bonded together with 100% Polyester thread, specially
designed for products subject to strong physical impacts such as footballs.
After completing the assembly steps, the brand will be printed on the ball using specialized
inks, flexographic printing and offset techniques to ensure texture and clarity. The 3D ACC ink is
made in Japan, leading to the difference in the type of ink used for the ball, the brand ensures to
optimize the friction between the ball and the contact points, avoiding the blurring of the details
linked to the ball surface. Each ball before packaging must undergo a general quality test, including
verification of roundness, elasticity, pressure retention, and impact resistance. This rigorous test
ensures that the ball will meet international football standards.
The final step of the production process is packaging. The Premier League Academy ball will
be put into a plastic bag and the outermost will be the outer box. Nike's main packaging uses recycled
materials to protect the environment while still protecting the ball during transportation. Bio-adhesive
tape is also used to reinforce and protect the sustainability of the product. The shipment is packaged
in a five-layer carton to optimize production costs, transportation, and storage space.
Manufacturing always requires meticulousness in every step from raw material selection to
transportation, by taking advantage of low-cost raw materials but still achieving high efficiency and
standards, choosing to source from Asian countries is extremely reasonable. The assembly process
takes place at a centralized production center, where Tier 2 raw materials are transferred to a
processed state by Tier 1 before achieving production efficiency. Post-production and transportation
are carefully designed to minimize costs but still ensure product quality standards and timely delivery
to distribution centers across Australia.
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To ensure supply disruption risk, each raw material has at least three sources of supply. The
following suppliers have been researched and selected based on the highest quality, scale and
comprehensive capabilities (Appendix 2).
Table 1
Bill of materials of Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 football ball and supplier information (A
detailed BOM is provided in Appendix 3)
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3.2. Supply Chain Diagram
Figure 6
Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football’s supply chain model.
Note. The Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football’s supply chain model is established
based on Nike’s supply chain model (Castorena & Monroy, 2020). A detailed Nike’s supply chain
model is provided in Appendix 4.
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4. PLACE, TIME AND QUANTITY UTILITY
Place utility ensures that Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football items are offered
in appropriate areas that satisfy client demand at Rebel Sports-Australia (Widyarto et al., 2012). Data
on store locations, warehouse capacity, and distribution infrastructure are required to be utilized to
implement effective IFM strategies. Real-time tracking of vehicles, routes, and carriers allows
efficient delivery (Kontaxis et al., 2021). Supplier coordination is based on information concerning
supplier locations, timetables, and inventory levels (Chandra and Fisher, 1994). Omnichannel
connection monitors e-commerce and physical shop demand to maintain inventory availability
(Derhami et al., 2020).
Time utility includes making sure products reach Rebel Sports at the appropriate time to
match client expectations (Foldesi & Sule, 2009). Tracking order processing, lead time, and inventory
levels can help you prevent delays (Jain, 2017; Cachon & Fisher, 2000). Supplier lead time data is
important for tracking production schedules and raw material availability in order to minimize supply
disruptions (Amelia et al., 2019). Finally, logistics scheduling synchronizes supply schedules with
Rebel Sports demand cycles to assure timely replenishment.
Quantity utility guarantees that chosen items are delivered in precise amounts, preventing
stockouts and high inventory holding costs (Senthilnathan, 2019). Effective information flow
guarantees order accuracy through automated verification, while sales and reorder analytics adjust
inventory levels in response to demand changes. Returns and reverse logistics data also efficiently
handle product returns, allowing inventory to be reallocated where it is required while minimizing
waste (Olorunniwo & Li, 2011).
To reach these requirements, a comprehensive workflow has been developed, spanning
important phases ranging from order forecasting to post-delivery evaluation, providing smooth
cooperation between Rebel Sports, Nike, and logistics suppliers via organized communication and
digital technologies (Table 2).
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Table 2
Information Flow Management
5. SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
Performance measurement in logistics and supply chain management is critical to
competitiveness in the global economy (Gunasekaran & Kobu, 2007). Aside from financial
measurements, critical variables such as order cycle time, inventory turnover, stock availability, and
shipping expenses help chosen items reach Rebel Sports-Australia effectively (Stewart, 1995). The
SCOR model (Figure 7) monitors performance throughout the Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and
Return processes, whereas the Balanced Scorecard (Figure 8) connects logistical indicators with
strategic corporate objectives (Curbelo & Delgado, 2013). ERP systems (such as SAP and Oracle)
provide for real-time inventory and supplier performance tracking (Erkayman, 2018), while Supplier
Performance Dashboards monitor dependability, lead times, and defect rates (Giunipero, 1990).
Logistics and Transportation Management Systems (TMS) also optimize route planning and freight
costs, and real-time tracking capabilities improve supply chain visibility (K. Osipova et al., 2020).
By combining these techniques, Nike can improve productivity, reduce delays, and assure
consistent product supply.
17
Figure 7
SCOR process-related indicators.
Source: (Santos & Leite, 2018)
18
Figure 8
Relationships between supply chain management and the BSC Framework
Source: (Bryceson & Slaughter, 2010, p.7)
6. DISTRIBUTION
6.1. Distribution Route
The primary objective of the distribution operation at the logistics center is to optimize
vehicle utilization and determine the most economical driving route map to ensure on-time delivery
of goods to customers. Nike utilizes contract manufacturing firms worldwide to manufacture
19
products in the inter-country channel. Under Nike’s pre-order system, retailers place orders 5–6
months in advance, allowing for precise demand forecasting and efficient inventory planning. Once
manufactured, finished products are shipped to Nike’s regional distribution centers (DCs) worldwide,
where they are allocated based on real-time market demand. Nike’s extensive supply chain includes
over 1 million workers across 566 factories, shipping approximately 1.3 billion units annually
through 75 DCs to serve more than 30,000 retailers in 190 countries (Lopez & Mckevitt, 2017). For
the Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football, production is outsourced to Tremon Sporting
Goods Enterprise Co., Ltd., a key contract manufacturer in Vietnam specializing in Nike’s equipment
production, including soccer balls (Eximpedia, n.d.) (Appendix 5).
Figure 9
Nike’s Contract Manufacturing Facility in Vietnam – Tremon Sporting Goods Enterprise Co., Ltd.
Source: (Nike, n.d.-b)
20
Given that the Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football is classified as a low-value,
high-volume product, the most suitable transportation mode for shipping soccer balls from Vietnam
to Australia is intermodal transportation, specifically a combination of inland trucking and ocean
freight (Table 3). While ocean freight has limitations in terms of speed and accessibility, it orders
significant advantages that cater to Rebel’s needs such as low cost, consistent service availability for
international shipments, and the high capacity to handle large cargo volumes (Rodrigue, 2017).
Table 3
Comparison of Modal Capabilities
Source: (Coyle et al., 2020, p.441)
The transportation process begins with inland trucking, where the cargo is picked up from the
manufacturing facility in Trang Bang, Tay Ninh, Vietnam, and transported by truck to the Port of Ho
21
Chi Minh (VNSGN), Vietnam. At the port, the goods are loaded onto a container ship and transported
via ocean freight to the Port of Singapore (SGSIN), Singapore, which serves as a major
transshipment hub for international trade. The next leg of the journey involves another ocean freight
shipment, transferring the goods from Singapore (SGSIN) to Fremantle (AUFRE), Australia. Upon
arrival at Fremantle Port, the cargo undergoes customs clearance before being transferred to a truck
for inland distribution to Nike’s distribution center in Ravenhall, Victoria, Australia. At this stage, the
products are sorted and processed based on demand forecasts before being distributed via Nike’s
internal logistics network to Rebel’s distribution center in Bankstown, NSW. From Rebel’s
distribution center, the inventory is further distributed to retail stores across Australia through
regional trucking networks, ensuring seamless last-mile delivery. Additionally, some inventory is
allocated to e-commerce fulfillment centers, supporting direct-to-consumer online orders.
Figure 10
Distribution Route of Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football
For this transaction, FOB (Free on Board) is the most suitable Incoterm, as it optimizes cost
efficiency and risk allocation between Nike (buyer) and Tremon Sporting Goods Enterprise Co., Ltd.
(seller), a contract manufacturer in Vietnam.
●​ Seller’s Responsibilities (Tremon Sporting Goods Enterprise Co., Ltd., Vietnam)
22
Tremon, as Nike’s contract manufacturer, is responsible for manufacturing the soccer balls,
export packaging, loading charges, export duties, taxes, customs clearance, and transportation
to the Port of Ho Chi Minh (VNSGN). Their liability ceases once the goods are securely
loaded onto the designated vessel for export.
●​ Buyer’s Responsibilities (Nike, Inc.)
Upon loading, Nike assumes full responsibility for all subsequent costs and risks, including
ocean freight to Fremantle (AUFRE), insurance (if required), import duties, taxes, customs
clearance, inland transportation to Nike’s distribution centers (Ravenhall & Bankstown),
unloading, and last-mile delivery to Rebel Sports retail stores and e-commerce fulfillment
centers.
6.2. Estimated delivery time
​
The estimated delivery time for Nike Premier League Academy soccer balls follows a
structured and efficient supply chain, minimizing transit delays while ensuring timely fulfillment.
The estimated delivery time journey from the manufacturing facility in Trang Bang, Vietnam, to
Rebel Sport retail stores and e-commerce customers across Australia is approximately 15 days. This
timeframe accounts for inland transportation, multiple ocean freight legs, customs clearance, and
distribution through Nike and Rebel Sports logistics networks. The table below provides a detailed
breakdown of each stage in the delivery process.
23
24
Figure 11
Specific route and estimated time of transportation from Vietnam to Australia
6.3. Private fleet or contract 3PLs
6.3.1. Private fleet
Owning a private fleet would give Nike and Rebel Sport full control over deliveries, ensuring
optimized schedules and branding benefits. Vehicles could be customized to reinforce Nike’s
25
presence, and direct management would enhance service reliability (Coyle et al., 2022). However,
high capital investment, fleet maintenance, and fluctuating demand pose significant challenges.
(Rushton et al., 2014) note that private fleets can be a financial burden, particularly when shipping
volume fluctuates. Given the seasonal demand for soccer balls, a private fleet may not be
cost-effective in the long run.
6.3.2. 3PLs
Partnering with a 3PL like DHL or Toll Group allows Nike to reduce costs, scale operations,
and leverage advanced tracking technologies. (Jr, L., & Capgemini., 2023) highlight that this
flexibility is crucial for managing international freight from Vietnam to Australia and ensuring timely
store replenishment. However, outsourcing means reduced control, requiring clear service agreements
to maintain reliability (Coyle et al., 2022).
→ On balance, contracting a 3PL is the most strategic choice for Nike and Rebel Sport. It provides
cost savings, flexibility, and technology-driven logistics without the financial burden of fleet
ownership. By leveraging 3PL expertise, Nike can optimize global shipping, maintain inventory
efficiency, and ensure long-term supply chain resilience.
6.4. Private or contract warehouse
6.4.1. Private warehouse
By establishing the warehousing, “Direct Control” will be awarded to Nike and Rebel Sport
over inventory management which will enable specific storage solutions and processes. This act of
control may improve the efficiency of Nike Premier League Academy soccer ball handling in
response to particular business objectives. However, the significant capital investment required for
infrastructure, technology, and skilled personnel presents notable challenges (Coyle et al., 2022). In
addition, the warehouse operations have to be constantly monitored with respect to the changing
regulations and industry standards. In the context of dynamic demand for products such as seasonal
sports items, keeping adequate inventory levels may cause overallocation of resources while stock fill
rates may suffer due to underutilization of resources.
26
6.4.2. Contract warehousing:
Alternatively, a contract warehousing provider allows Nike as well as Rebel Sport to get
flexibility and scalability in their storage needs. Most of these providers have great systems and
expertise and can help businesses match market changes without any fixed assets. By doing this Nike
is able to focus on their core competency, product innovation and marketing and relieving them of
logistics by using the logistical strength of their specialized partners. Nevertheless, going to
outsource warehousing functions can result in reduced direct control of inventory processes. That is
why it is necessary to set clear service level agreements and to ensure good communication channels
with the third party provider to mitigate potential risks.
→ Based on the strategic goal and operational efficiency, Nike and Rebel Sport are found to be more
advantageous to contract with a specialized services provider in their warehousing. The advantage of
this strategy is that it provides a means of scaling operations according to market needs without the
need for large amounts of capital spending. Besides keeping a complete concentration on supplying
top quality products and sustaining from the competitors, Nike can entrust warehousing functions to
the experts.
27
7. CONCLUSION
This report outlines a supply chain strategy for the Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25
Football within Rebel Sport Australia's retail network for the period of January to December 2024. It
addresses key challenges such as demand forecasting, sourcing complexities, and logistics
optimization. The ARIMA model was selected as the most effective forecasting method, adept at
handling seasonal variations and market trends. Additionally, the BOM highlighted the product's
intricate global sourcing and underscored the importance of maintaining diverse supplier
relationships to mitigate risks. Recommendations include adopting contract third-party logistics
(3PL) and warehousing solutions to enhance logistical flexibility and cost efficiency, along with
implementing robust ERP systems for real-time tracking and performance measurement. These
findings emphasize the necessity of data-driven forecasting, the benefits of outsourcing non-core
logistics functions, and fostering strong supplier relationships. While limitations were acknowledged,
such as reliance on historical data and secondary sources that may not capture sudden market
disruptions, future research should focus on integrating primary data, like real-time sales information
and supplier feedback, to validate and refine the insights. In summary, by effectively leveraging data,
optimizing supplier networks, and refining distribution strategies, Rebel Sport can successfully meet
market demand for the Nike Premier League Academy 2024/25 Football.
28
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APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Product Range and Customer Segment of Rebel Sport
Product Range
Customer Segment
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Appendix 2: Geopolitical Risk When Selecting Suppliers
45
Appendix 3: BOM
46
Appendix 4: Nike’s supply chain model
Source: (Castorena & Monroy, 2020)
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Appendix 5: Why Choose Tremon Sporting Goods Enterprise Co.,
Ltd. in Vietnam?
48