FATS AND LIPIDS
Presented by
Ma. Cheska Laureño
Jamilla Cane Gelica H. Masa
Jerilloyd Andrey C. Valeña
FATS AND LIPIDS
• The word lipid is derived from a
Greek word "lipos" which means Fat.
• A lipid is a macro biomolecule that
is soluble in non polar solvents.
• Lipids are a group of waterinsoluble, energy yielding organic
Compounds composed of carbon,
Hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
FATS AND LIPIDS
• A lipid is a fat-like molecule and
is a major building block of the cells
of animals.
• Lipids are organic, meaning that
they contain carbon atoms.
• Lipids are the esters formed from
fatty acids and alcohol.
French pharmacologist Gabriel Bertrand
(1867-1962) coined the term
“lipids,” and it was approved by the
Société de Chimie Biologique in 1923
Gabriel Bertrand
LIPIDS
FATS
These are not soluble in water, but in
organic solvents, they are soluble.
These are oily substances found
beneath the skin and surrounding the
organs.
These are a varied group of
biomolecules.
These are a kind of lipids.
These are solids as well as liquids.
These are solids only.
These are structural components and
energy molecules in the body.
This serves as a source of energy.
There are three types – steroids & waxes,
triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Saturated, Unsaturated, and Trans
Fats
FATS AND LIPIDS
Fats and lipids are an essential component of
the homeostatic function of the human body.
Lipids contribute to some of the body’s most
vital processes.
Lipids are fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that
are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in
polar solvents such as water. Lipids include:
Triglycerides (Fats and Oils)
Phospholipids
Waxes
Steroids
TRIGLYCERIDES
WHAT ARE TRIGLYCERIDES?
Triglycerides, also referred to as fats, are
composed of three fatty acids joined by a
glycerol. A carboxylic acid (-COOH) is joined to
a lengthy chain of carbon atoms to form a fatty
acid. They are the most common type of fat in
your body. Triglycerides come from foods,
especially butter, oils, and other fats you eat.
TRIGLYCERIDES
Fats
Oils
TRIGLYCERIDES
Glycerol
3 Fatty Acids
+
FATTY ACIDS
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED
FATTY ACIDS
Saturated Fatty Acid
FATTY ACIDS
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
FATTY ACIDS
Trans Fatty acids
TRIGLYCERIDES
Dehydration Synthesis
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
WHAT ARE
PHOSPHOLIPIDS?
Phospholipids are the main component
in cell membranes. They line up in a
bilayer arrangement, acting as a
barrier to water soluble molecules.
FUNCTIONS OF
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
- Phospholipids provide barriers in
cellular membranes to protect the
cell, they make barriers for the
organelles within those cells.
- Phospholipids work to provide
pathways for various substances
across membranes.
PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE
The head of the
phospholipid is made
of one molecule of
glycerol and a
phosphate group.
The phospholipid tails are
two fatty acids.
Phosphate Groups
Glycerol
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE
hydrophilic (water
loving) head
hydrophobic (water hating) tails
STEROIDS AND WAXES
STEROIDS
Steroids are lipids
because they are
hydrophobic and
insoluble in water,
but they do not
resemble lipids since
they have a structure
composed of four
fused rings.
STEROIDS
Serves as the precusor
for the synthesis of
other steroids:
• Testosterone
• Progesterone
• Estrogen
• Aldosterone
• Cortisone
• Cortisol
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is present in the
Plasma Membrane - stabilize
the membrane
STEROIDS
Sex hormones
Other forms of steroids
formed in the adrenal gland:
• Aldosterone
• Cortisone
• Cortisol
WAXES
Waxes are esters made of long-chain
alcohol and a fatty acid. They provide
protection, especially to plants in
which wax covers the leaves of plants.
In humans, cerumen, also known as
earwax, helps protect the skin of the
ear canal.
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