Uploaded by
celestine808
Pharmacology for Nurses Study Guide: Key Concepts & Definitions
advertisement
Pharmacology for Nurses. A Pathophysiologic Approach Adams Holland - Urban (Unit 1) Questions And Answers Latest Update 2025 Pharmacology - Correct Answer-Study of medicine; how drugs are administered; where drugs travel in the body, Response that drugs produce. drug - Correct Answer-A chemical substance that is taken to cause changes in a person's body or behavior medication - Correct Answer-A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain. biologics - Correct Answer-agents naturally produced in animal cells, in microorganisms, or by the body itself Mechanism of Action - Correct Answer-how a drug produces its physiological effect in the body Bioavailability - Correct Answer-the extent to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient Therapeutic classification of drugs: - Correct Answer-Based on what the drug does clinically Pharmacologic Classification - Correct Answer-Based on the drug's mechanism of action, or how the drug produces its effect Most Drugs have three names - Correct Answer-Chemical, Generic, Trade (CHEMICAL: (1/2)-2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid; GENERIC: ibuprofen; TRADE: Motrin) Generic vs. Trade-Name Drugs - Correct Answer-Trade name drugs with exclusive rights cost more. When rights end, competing companies offer generic form cheaper prescription drugs - Correct Answer-Drugs legally available only with a physician's order. Over the counter drugs (OTC) - Correct Answer-can be purchased without a prescription Black Box Warnings - Correct Answer-One of the primary alerts for identifying extreme adverse drug reactions discovered during and after the review process; 1997 FDA created "Black Box Warnings" Contraindications - Correct Answer-factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment why should healthcare professionals be concerned about patients taking herbal medicines? - Correct Answer-patients could be putting themselves at risk, potential herb-drug interactions U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) - Correct Answer-1820; 1st comprehensive publication formulary used in the U.S.; drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis. USP and National Formulary (NF) - Correct Answer-1852-1975, two drug standards in the US by the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA). 1. USP - all drug products. 2. National Formulary (NF) - pharmaceutical ingredients. U.S. Pharacopoeia -National Formulary (USP-NF) - Correct Answer-1975 merged into a single publication Biologic Control Act - Correct Answer-1902 standardized serum and blood-related products Pure Food and Drug Act - Correct Answer-1906 - Established government control (FDA) for labeling medicines Shirley Amendment - Correct Answer-1912 - Prohibited drugs labeled with false therapeutic claims Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938) and amendments - Correct Answer-1938Thorough testing of drug; Proof of safety and efficacy of drug Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994 - Correct Answer-1994-Controls misleading industry claims Four Stages of Approval for Therapeutic and Biologic Drugs - Correct Answer-1. Preclinical investigation (1-3 years, average 18months) 2. Clinical investigation (2-10 years; average 5 years) 3. Review of new drug application (NDA) (2 months -7 years, average 24 months) 4. Postmarketing surveillance (adverse reaction reporting; surveys/sampling/testing; inspections) Addiction - Correct Answer-The overwhelming feeling that drives someone to use a drug repeated Dependence - Correct Answer-A physiological or psychological need for a substance Physical dependence - Correct Answer-An altered physical condition caused by the adaptation of the nervous system to repeated drug use. Psychological dependence - Correct Answer-Few signs of physical discomfort when drug is withdrawn, but intense compelling desire to continue drug use Controlled Substances - Correct Answer-Are restricted by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Have a high potential for addiction or dependence. Have restricted use. Are placed into one of five schedules: Schedule I drugs have the highest abuse potential, Schedule V the lowest Teratogenic Drug Classification - Correct Answer-Five categories of risk that a drug poses to a fetus in the case of a pregnant woman taking the drug. A, B, C, D, and X; Class A is the safest, while X poses the most danger to the fetus. Allergic Reactions - Correct Answer-a condition caused by an overreaction of the body's immune system Anaphylaxis - Correct Answer-Life threatening allergic reaction Five Rights of Drug Administration - Correct Answer-1. Right patient 2. Right medication 3. Right dose 4. Right route of administration 5. Right time of delivery Right documentation Three Checks of Drug Administration - Correct Answer-1. Checking drug with MAR (medical administration record) or medication information system when removing it from storage 2. Checking drug when preparing it 3. Checking drug before administering it to the patient Drug Compliance - Correct Answer-taking a medication in the mannerprescribed by the health care provider ac - Correct Answer-before meals ad lib - Correct Answer-as desired/as directed AM - Correct Answer-morning bid - Correct Answer-twice a day cap - Correct Answer-capsule gtt - Correct Answer-drop h or hr - Correct Answer-hour IM - Correct Answer-intramuscular IV - Correct Answer-intravenous no - Correct Answer-number pc - Correct Answer-after meals, after eating PO - Correct Answer-by mouth PM - Correct Answer-afternoon PRN - Correct Answer-when needed/necessary qid - Correct Answer-four times a day q2h - Correct Answer-every 2 hours (even or when first given) q4h - Correct Answer-every 4 hours (even) q6h - Correct Answer-every 6 hours (even) q8h - Correct Answer-every 8 hours (even) q12h - Correct Answer-every 12 hours Rx - Correct Answer-take STAT t- tCorrect tAnswer-immediately; tat tonce tab t- tCorrect tAnswer-tablet tid t- tCorrect tAnswer-three ttimes ta tday Common tProtocols tand tTechniques t for tAll tRoutes tof tAdministration t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tVerify tmedication torder, tcheck tallergy thistory t 2. tWash thands tand tapply tgloves, tif tindicated 3. tUse taseptic ttechnique twhen tpreparing tand tadministering t parenteral tmedications 4. tIdentify tpatient t(two tforms tof tID) 5. tAsk tpatient tabout tknown tallergies 6. tInform tpatient tabout tdrug 7. tPosition tpatient 8. tRemove tprepackaged tdrug tat tbedside 9. tUnless tinstructed tto tdo tso, tdo tnot tleave tdrugs tat tbedside 10. tDocument tadministration tand tpertinent tpatient tresponses Pharmacokinetics t- tCorrect tAnswer-The tprocess tby twhich tdrugs tare tabsorbed, tdistributed twithin tthe tbody, tmetabolized, tand texcreted. Four tCategories tof tPharmacokinetic tProcesses t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tAbsorption tMovement tfrom tsite tof tadministration, t across tbody tmembranes, tto tcirculating tfluids. tPrimary t pharmacokinetic tfactor tdetermining tlength tof ttime tfor tdrug tto tproduce teffect. 2. tDistribution t- ttransport tof tdrugs tthroughout tthe tbody. Simplest tfactor tdetermining tdistribution tis tthe tamount tof tblood tflow tto tbody ttissues.Physical tproperties tof tdrug thave tgreat tinfluence. tCertain ttissues t(bone tmarrow, tteeth, teyes, tadipose ttissue) thave ta thigh taffinity, tor tattraction, tfor tcertain tmedications. tMany tdrug tmolecules tform tdrug protein tcomplexes-binding treversibly tto tplasma tproteins tand tthus tnever treach ttarget tcells. 3. tMetabolism t(aka t-biotransformation) t-Chemically tconverts tdrug tso tit tcan tbe teasily tremoved tfrom tbody. tInvolves tcomplex tbiochemical treactions. tLiver t— tprimary tsite. tAddition tof tside tchains, tknown tas tconjugates, tmakes tdrugs tmore twater tsoluble tand tmore teasily texcreted tby tthe t kidneys. 4. tExcretion t-how tdrugs tare tremoved tfrom tthe tbody. tRate tat twhich tmedications tare texcreted tdetermines tthe tconcentration tof tthe tdrugs tin tthe tbloodstream tand ttissues. ** tOral tDrugs tEnter tHepatic tPortal tCirculation t(First-Pass tEffect) t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tDrug tis tabsorbed 2. tDrug tenters thepatic tcirculation, tgoes tto tliver 3. tDrug tis tmetabolized tto tinactive tform 4. tDrug tconjugates tand tleaves tliver 5. tDrug tis tdistributed tto tgeneral tcirculation 6. tMany tdrugs tare trendered tinactive tby tfirst-pass teffect Excretion tof tMedications t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tPrimary tSite tof tExcretion tof tDrugs tIs tKidneys 2. tFree tdrugs, twater-soluble tagents, telectrolytes, tand tsmall tmolecules tare teasily tfiltered 3. tDrug-protein tcomplexes tand tlarge tsubstances tare tsecreted tinto tdistal ttubule tof tnephron 4. tSecretion tmechanism tis tless tactive tin tinfants tand tolder tadults Enterohepatic tRecirculation tof tDrugs t- tCorrect tAnswer-Drugs tare texcreted tin tbile. tBile trecirculates tto t liver. tPercentage tof tdrug tmay tbe trecirculated tnumerous ttimes. tProlongs tactivity tof tdrug Drug tPlasma tConcentration tand tTherapeutic tResponse t- tCorrect tAnswer-Concentration tof tmedication tat ttarget ttissue tis toften timpossible tto tmeasure, tso tit tmust tbe tmeasured tin tplasma minimum teffective tconcentration t- tCorrect tAnswer-amount tof tdrug trequired tto tproduce ta ttherapeutic teffect Toxic tconcentration t- tCorrect tAnswer-level tof tdrug tthat twill tresult tin tserious tadverse teffects Therapeutic trange t- tCorrect tAnswer-concentration tof tdrug tin tthe tblood tserum tthat tproduces tthe tdesired teffect twithout tcausing ttoxicity peak tconcentration t- tCorrect tAnswer-Absorption trate tequals telimination trate steady-rate tconcentration t- tCorrect tAnswer-the tconcentration tremains tstable twhen tthe tdrug tis tgiven trepeatedly trough tconcentration t- tCorrect tAnswer-the tpoint tat twhich tthe tlowest tamount tof tdrug tis tin tthe tserum How tDrug tReaches tand tMaintains tTherapeutic tRange t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tRepeated tdoses tof tdrug tare tgiven 2. tDrug taccumulates tin tbloodstream 3. tPlateau tis treached 4. tAmount tadministered tequals tamount teliminated Loading tDose tvs. tMaintenance tDose t- tCorrect tAnswer-Loading tdose-Higher tamount tof tdrug tgiven.Plateau treached tfaster. tQuickly tproduces ttherapeutic tresponse. Maintenance tdose-Keeps tplasma-drug tconcentration tin t therapeutic trange. Agonist t- tCorrect tAnswer-a tmolecule tthat, tby tbinding tto ta treceptor tsite, tstimulates ta tresponse partial tagonist t- tCorrect tAnswer-Medication tthat tproduces ta tweaker, tor tless tefficacious, tresponse tthan tan tagonist. Antagonist t- tCorrect tAnswer-competes twith tthe tagonists tfor tbinding tat treceptor tsite Pharmacodynamics t- tCorrect tAnswer-The tprocess tby twhich ta tmedication tworks ton tthe tbody. Therapeutic tIndex t- tCorrect tAnswer-Measure tof ta tdrug's tsafety tmargin. tThe thigher tthe tvalue, tthe tsafer tthe tdrug. The tNursing tProcess t- tCorrect tAnswer-Assessing t- tCollect tdata; torganize tdata, tvalidate tdate, tdocument tdata Diagnosing t-analyze tdata; tidentify thealth tproblems, trisks, tand tstrengths; tformulate tdiagnostic tstatements Planning t- tPrioritize tproblems/diagnoses; tformulate tgoals/desired toutcomes; tselect tnursing tinterventions; twrite tnursing tinterventions t Implementing t- tReassess tthe tpatient; tdetermine tthe tnurse's tneed tfor tassistance; timplement tthe tnursing tinterventions; tsupervise tdelegated tcare; tdocument tnursing tactivities. t Evaluating t- tCollect tdata trelated tto toutcome; tcompare tdate twith toutcome; trelate tnursing tactions tto tpatients tgoals/outcomes; tdraw tconclusions tabout tproblem tstatus; tcontinue, tmodify, tor tterminate tthe tpatient's tcare tplan Assessment tof tthe tPatient t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tSystematic tcollection, torganization, tvalidation, tand tdocumentation tof tpatient tdata 2. tHealth thistory tand tphysical tassessment 3. tBaseline tdata tgathered; twill tbe tcompared tto tlater tinformation tfrom tobservations 4. tOnce tpharmacotherapy tis tinitiated, tassessment t focuses ton treaction tto tmedication. tWatch tfor: tdesired tresponse, tadverse teffects, tpatient tcapability tof tassuming tresponsibility tfor tself-administration Nursing tDiagnoses tfor tDrug tAdministration t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tOften tmost tchallenging tpart tof tnursing 2. tFocus tis ton tpatient's tneeds, tnot tnurse's 3. tThree tmain tareas tof tconcerns - tPromoting ttherapeutic tdrug teffects - tMinimizing tadverse tdrug teffects tand ttoxicity - tMaximizing tpatient tability tfor tself-care t(including tknowledge, tskills, tand tresources tnecessary tfor tsafe tand teffective tdrug tadministration) Nurse tPlanning tPhase t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tPlanning - tPrioritizes tnursing tdiagnosis - tFormulates tdesired toutcomes - tSelects tnursing tinterventions tthat tcan tassist tpatient tto testablish tan toptimum tlevel tof twellness. t - tCreate tgoals/outcomes; tbe tsure tgoals tare tSMART! Implementation tPhase t- tCorrect tAnswer-• tInvolves taction ton tthe tpart tof tthe tnurse tor tpatient • tAs trelated tto tpharmacotherapy, tinvolves: - tAdministering tthe tmedication - tContinuing tto tassess tthe tpatient t& tmonitoring tdrug teffects - tCarrying tout tthe tinterventions tdeveloped tin tthe tplanning tphase tto tmaximize tthe ttherapeutic tresponse - tPrevent tadverse tevents - tDocument! Evaluation t- tCorrect tAnswer-• tCompares tthe tpatient's tcurrent thealth tstatus twith tthe t desired toutcome. - tWas tplan tappropriate - tWas tit tmet - tDoes tit tneed trevision - tWas tthe tproblem tresolved • tAs trelated tto tpharmacotherapy, tused tto tdetermine: - tWhether tthe ttherapeutic teffects tof tthe tdrug twere tachieved - tWhether tadverse teffects twere tprevented tor tkept tto t acceptable tlevels • tBegin ta tnew tcycle twhen tnew tassessment tdata tobtained Responsibilities tof tthe tHealth tCare tWorker t- tCorrect tAnswer-• tWhat tdrug tis tordered - tName t(generic ttrade) t& tdrug tclassification - tIntended tor tproposed tuse - tEffects ton tthe tbody - tContraindications - tSpecial tconsideration - tSide teffects • tWhy tthe tmedication thas tbeen tprescribed tfor tthis tparticular tpatient • tHow tthe tmedication tis tsupplied tby tthe tpharmacy • tHow tthe tmedication tis tto tbe tadministered, tincluding tdosage tranges • tWhat tnursing tprocess tconsiderations trelated tto tthe tmedication tapply tto tthis tpatient Drug tAdministration t- tCorrect tAnswer-In torder tto tprepare tand tadminister tdrugs, tit t is timperative tthat tyou tunderstand tand tfollow t the t"Six tRights tof tMedication tAdministration" t• Right tdose t- tIn torder tto tavoid tmedication terrors, talways tcomplete tthree tchecks twhen tpreparing tmedications 1. tWhen treaching tfor tthe tcontainer 2. tImmediately tbefore tpreparing tthe tdose t 3. tWhen treplacing tor tdiscarding tthe tcontainer t• Right tRoute t-Medications tmust tbe tadministered tin tthe t form tand tvia tthe troute tspecified tby tthe tprescriber. Right tTime t- tThe tprescriber twill tindicate twhen tand thow t often ta tmedication tshould tbe tadministered. - tMedications tcan tbe tordered tonce ta tday t(daily), ttwice ta tday t(b.i.d.), tthree ttimes ta tday(t.i.d.), tor tfour ttimes ta tday t(q.i.d.). Right tPatient t- tBefore tadministering tany tmedication, tit tis t essential tto tdetermine tthe trecipient's tidentity. tAt tleast ttwo tidentifiers tare trequired tby tthe tJoint tCommission • tthe tpatient tidentification tbracelet tinformation • tverbalization tof tthe tpatient's tname tby tthe tpatient tor t parent • tpatient's thospital tnumber tor tpatient's thome ttelephone tnumber. Right tDocumentation t - tAlways tdocument tthe tname tand tdosage tof tthe tdrug, tas twell tas tthe troute tand ttime tof t administration, ton tthe tMAR. t - tSign tyour tinitials timmediately tafter, tbut tnever tbefore, tthe tdose tis tgiven tand tinclude tany trelevant tinformation: • tpatient tallergies tto tmedications • theart trate t(when tgiving tdigoxin) t • tblood tpressure t(when tgiving tantihypertensive tdrugs) Drug tLabel 1. tMycobutin t(rifabutin) t 2. tcapsules 3. tNDC t0013-5301-17 4. tBar tcode 5. t150 tmg 6. tUsual tDosage: tTwo tcapsules tin ta tsingle tdaily tadministration. tFor tadditional tprescribing tinformation tread tpackage tinsert. t 7. tUSP 8. tStore tat t25 tdegrees tCelsius t(77 tdegree tFahrenheit) texcursions tpermitted tto t15-30 tdegrees tCelsius t(59-86 tFahrenheit) tsee tUSP tControlled tRoom ttemperature. t 9. texpiration tdate t 10. tManufacturer t- tCorrect tAnswer-1. tName tof tdrug: tWhat tis ttrade tname tof tthis tdrug? tWhat tis tthe tgeneric tname tof tthis tdrug? t 2.Form tof tdrug:. 3. tNational tDrug tCode t(NDC) tnumber 4.Bar tcode: tHas tthe tNDC tnumber tencoded tin tit. 5. tDosage tStrength:What tis tthe tdosage tstrength tof tthis tdrug? 6. tDosage trecommendations: tWhat tis tthe trecommended tdosage? t 7. tUSP: tThis tdrug tmeets tthe tstandards tof tthe tUnited tStates tPharmacopeia. 8. tStorage tdirections: tSome tdrugs thave tto tbe tstored tunder tcontrolled tconditions tif tthey tare tto tretain ttheir teffectiveness. tHow tshould tthis tdrug tbe tstored? 9. tExpiration tdate: tThe texpiration tdate tspecifies twhen tthe tdrug tshould tbe tdiscarded. tWhat tis tthis tdrugs texpiration tdate? 10. tManufacturer: Drug tPrescriptions t- tCorrect tAnswer-directive tto tthe tpharmacist tfor ta tdrug tto tbe tgiven tto ta tpatient Medication torders t(drug torders, tphysician's torders) t- tCorrect tAnswer-are tdirectives tto tthe tpharmacist tfor tthe tdrugs tused tin ta t hospital tor tother thealthcare tfacility. tOrders tare twritten tin tthe tsequence: tdrug tname, tdose, troute, tfrequency -Written -Verbal -Routine -Standing -PRN -STAT Medication tOrders t- tCorrect tAnswer-Date tand ttime tare tnecessary twhen tan torder tis twritten. - tMany tinstitutions tuse tmilitary ttime, twhich tis tbased ton ta t"24 thour tclock" tthat tdoes tnot tuse ta.m. tor tp.m. Medical tAdministration tRecord t- tCorrect tAnswer-The tMAR tis ta tform tthat thealth tcare tfacilities tuse tto t document tall tof tthe tdrugs tadministered tto ta tpatient. Patient/Caregiver tFactors tContributing tto tMedication tErrors t- tCorrect tAnswer-• tTaking tdrugs tprescribed tby tseveral tpractitioners t • tGetting tprescriptions tfilled tat tmore tthan tone tpharmacy • tNot tfilling tor trefilling tprescriptions • tTaking tmedications tincorrectly •Taking tmedications tthat tmay tbe tleft tover tfrom ta tprevious tillness • tTaking tmedications tprescribed tfor tsomeone telse Reporting tand tDocumenting tMedication tErrors t- tCorrect tAnswer-• tUtilize tand tincident treport - tDocumentation tin tmedical trecord tmust tinclude tspecific tnursing tinterventions timplemented tafter tthe terror tto tprotect tthe tpatient - tDocument tall tindividuals tnotified tof terror t - tGive tdetails tof twhat tmedication twas tgiven tor tomitted tin tmedication - tadministration trecord t(MAR) Sentinel tEvents t- tCorrect tAnswer-• tUnexpected toccurrences tinvolving tdeath tor tserious tphysical tor tpsychological tinjury, tor trisk tthereof • tAlways tinvestigated • tInterventions tto tensure tno trepetition • tRoot tcause tanalysis t(RCA) tseeks tto tprevent tanother toccurrence tby tasking twhat thappened tand twhy, tand twhat tcan tbe tdone tto tprevent tit Holistic tApproach t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tEach tperson: tintegrated tbiological, tpsychosocial, tcultural, t communicating twhole tperson ◦ tIf tpatient tbelieves ttreatment tis timportant tand tbeneficial, tit t often tis tmore teffective Ethnicity tand tCulture t- tCorrect tAnswer-- tSet tof tbeliefs, tvalues, tand tnorms tthat tprovide tmeaning tfor tan tindividual tor tgroup ◦ tCultural tCompetence - tAbility tto tprovide tcare tto tpeople twith tdiverse tvalues, tbeliefs, tand tbehaviors, tincluding tability tto tadapt tdelivery tof tcare tto tmeet tneeds tof tthese tpatients Obstacles tto thealthcare t- tCorrect tAnswer-• tInadequate thealth tinsurance • tCost tof ttreatment tand tdrugs • tLimited tmedical tcare tin trural tareas • tLiteracy Genetic tInfluences t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tPharmacogenetics t= tstudy tof tgenetic tvariations tthat t give trise tto tdifferences tin tthe tway tpatients thandle tmedications Complementary tand tAlternative tMedicine t(CAM) t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tConsidered toutside tmainstream thealth tcare ◦ tVery tdiverse tset tof ttherapies tand thealing tsystems t◦ tIngested ttherapies t◦ tAlternate thealth tcare tsystems t◦ tBiologic - tbased ttherapies ◦ tManual thealing ◦ tMind - tbody tinterventions ◦ tSpiritual ◦ tOther ttherapies Herbs t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tMeaning thas tchanged tto trefer tto tany tplant tproduct twith tsome tuseful tapplication teither tas ta tfood tenhancer tor ta tmedicine ◦ tDocumented tuse tfor tthousands tof tyears Examples tof tHerbal tSupplements t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tGarlic t- thypercholesterolemia ◦ tSoy ◦ tSt. tJohn's twort t- tDepression ◦ tCranberry t ◦ tGinseng ◦ tStevia ◦ tHorse tchestnut tseed textract t- tchronic tvenous tinsufficiency ◦ tPlant tsterols t& tstanols t- thyperlipidemia ◦ tHawthorn t- thypertension ◦ tValerian t- tinsomnia ◦ tDevil's tclaw, twhite twillow tbark t- tLow tback tpain ◦ tGinkgo tbiloba t- tmemory timpairment ◦ tBlack tcohosh, tSt. tJohn's twort t- tmenopausal tsymptoms Dietary tSupplement tHealth tand tEducation tAct tof t1994 t(DSHEA) t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tRegulatory tact tfor tdietary tsupplements ◦ tLess trigid tthan tthe tFood, tDrug, tand tCosmetic tAct t (FD&C tAct) ◦ tDietary tsupplements tare texempted tfrom tFD&C tAct t standards ◦ tGives tFood tand tDrug tAdministration tpower tto tremove tproducts tconsidered tharmful Food, tDrug, tand tCosmetic tAct t- tDefinition tof tDietary tSupplements t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tProducts tintended tto tenhance tor tsupplement tthe t diet t◦ tBotanicals t◦ tVitamins t◦ tMinerals t◦ tMetabolites Dietary tSupplement tHealth tand tEducation tAct tof t1994 t(DSHEA) t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tRegulatory tact tfor tdietary tsupplements ◦ tLess trigid tthan tthe tFood, tDrug, tand tCosmetic tAct t (FD&C tAct) ◦ tDietary tsupplements tare texempted tfrom tFD&C tAct t standards ◦ tGives tFood tand tDrug tAdministration tpower tto tremove t products tconsidered tharmful "Natural" tDoes tNot tAlways tMean tSafer t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tSome tactive tchemicals tare tthe tsame tas tin t prescription tand tOTC tmedications ◦ tSubstituting talternative ttherapy tfor testablished t medical ttreatment tmay tprolong tcondition Nurse tResponsibility ton therbal tsupplements t- tCorrect tAnswer-◦ tWatch tfor therbal tproducts twith tingredients tthat tinteract twith tprescription tdrugs ◦ tAsk tquestions tand tobtain tmedical thistories ◦ tEducate tpatients ◦ tStrengths tand tweaknesses tof tCAM ◦ tEncourage tpatients tto tseek tinformation tfrom treputable t sources ◦ tTell tpregnant/lactating twomen tnever tto ttake tsupplements t without tapproval tfrom thealth tcare tprovider What tis tCAM? t- tCorrect tAnswer-complementary tand talternative tmedicine
0
advertisement
Download
advertisement
Add this document to collection(s)
You can add this document to your study collection(s)
Sign in Available only to authorized usersAdd this document to saved
You can add this document to your saved list
Sign in Available only to authorized users