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DIPLOMA TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS
PROJECT AND CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
Tapiwa Chinoda - BSc. MBA. PGDip-T.M. MZIPS.
Procurement and Contract Specialist
PROJECT MANAGEMENT STAGES
The stages of project management are systematic, step-by-step
processes that need to be followed by both managers and leaders to
ensure that the project is executed properly and can develop positive
results in the future.
Project Life Cycle
Definiton: The PMBOK ® Guide—Seventh Edition defines a project
life cycle as “the series of phases that a project passes through from its
start to its completion.”
A project phase is “a collection of logically related project activities
that culminates in the completion of one or
more deliverables.”
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The 4 PHASES OF A PROJECT LIFE-CYCLE
Four Phases of a Project Life-cycle
All project phases have a start and end date and a control point
1. Concept and Initiation
2. Design and Development Phase
3. Implementation Phase
4. Commissioning and Handover Phase
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PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
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PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
• The Project life cycle refers to the four-step process. This is the
standard project life cycle most people are familiar with.
• The Project Life Cycle provides a framework for managing any
type of project within an organisation.
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1. CONCEPT AND INITIATION PHASE
Concept and Initiation: involves starting up the project, by documenting a business case,
feasibility study, terms of reference, appointing the team and setting up a Project Office
During this step, one figures out an objective for the project, determine whether the project is feasible,
and identify the major deliverables for the project.
Steps for the project initiation phase may include the following:
•Identifying the primary problem of project
•Identifying scope
•Identifying deliverables - Defining the product or service to provide
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2. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PHASE
Design and Development Phase: involves setting out the roadmap for the project by creating the following plans:
project plan, resource plan, financial plan, quality plan, acceptance plan and communications plan
• During this phase, organization create smaller goals within the larger project, making sure each is achievable
within the time frame. Smaller goals should have a high potential for success.
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• Creating a project plan
• Creating workflow documents or process maps
• Estimating budget and creating a financial plan
• Gathering resources
• Anticipating risks and potential quality roadblocks
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3. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
Implementation Phase: involves building the deliverables and controlling the project delivery,
scope, costs, quality, risks and issues.
The project manager’s job in this phase of the project management life cycle is to keep work on track,
organize team members, manage timelines, and make sure the work is done according to the original
plan.
1. Creating tasks and organizing workflows
2. Briefing team members on tasks
3. Communicating with team members, clients, and upper management
4. Monitoring quality of work
5. Managing budget
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4. COMMISSIONING AND HANDOVER PHASE
Just because the major project work is over, that doesn’t mean the project
manager’s job is done there are still important things to do, including
evaluating what did and did not work with the project.
1. Analyzing project performance
2. Analyzing team performance
3. Documenting project closure
4. conducting post-implementation reviews
5. Accounting for used and unused budget
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PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
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PROJECT LIFE CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS
• Sequential in nature
The phases in a project life cycle are generally sequential in nature
although, for large and complex projects there may be some
overlapping between them.
• Defined phases with distinct start and finish
• Project objectives defined at the beginning
• A plan for achieving the objectives
• Deliverables and tasks to be completed
• Systems for managing projects
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CONT…
Cost and staffing
• Costs and staffing are low at the initiation phase, peak during the
subsequent phases then, drops rapidly as the project draws to the
conclusion.
Influence of stakeholders
• Stakeholders influence on project characteristics and cost is highest at
the start point but gets progressively lower as the project continues.
Level of uncertainty and risk
• The level of uncertainty and risk of failing is greatest at the initiation
and definition phases of a project. The certainty gets progressively better
and risk comes down as the project progresses towards next phases.
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REFERENCES
• Project Management Institute. (n.d.). Project management body of knowledge (PMBOK
guide). https://www.pmi.org/pmbok-guide-standards/foundational/pmbok
• Project Management Institute (PMI). (2017). A Guide to the Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) (Sixth Edition). Newtown Square, PA: Project Management
Institute
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