EVALUATION OF THE GIVEN CASE ORGANIZATION
PROCESS
Student’s Name
Course
University
Date
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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3
2.0 Appraisal of the Business Process Model Notation Technique ........................................................ 3
3.0 Justification and Examples ............................................................................................................ 5
4.0 The Current Business Process Model ............................................................................................. 6
5.0 Current Business Process Model Limitations.................................................................................. 6
5.1 Summary of fishbone diagram .................................................................................................. 7
6.0 The Re-engineered Process ........................................................................................................... 7
7.0 Discussion and Implications of Re-engineered Process................................................................... 7
8.0 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 8
9.0 BPMN Diagram links ..................................................................................................................... 9
10.0 References ................................................................................................................................. 9
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1.0 Introduction
One of the persistent challenges for practitioners was figuring out the advantages of
implementing enterprise systems and how they contribute to business value (Williams and
Schubert, 2010). Due to the dynamic nature of businesses, new methods and technologies are
being researched and developed for the modeling, specification, monitoring and operational
management of company operations. Understanding, evaluating, creating, and regulating an
enterprise's business processes are all facilitated by process modeling (Kamath et al., 2003).
Over the years, a variety of process modeling methods have been created to serve various
business requirements. One of them is the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
(Walch and Schmelzer, 2022). BPMN is graphical and is suggested as a typical format for
creating models that may be understood by various business users. It is the industry standard
for process modeling which tries to close the communication gaps that typically exists between
the design and implementation of business processes (van der Aalst, 2009).
2.0 Appraisal of the Business Process Model Notation Technique
Technique
Advantages
Disadvantages
Symbols and Notation: BPMN uses
The standardized symbols and
Understanding and utilizing the
various elements to represent
notation of BPMN promote clear and
various symbols and notation in
different aspects of a process;
consistent representation of process
BPMN may require initial training
rectangle (tasks), diamonds
elements, facilitating communication
and familiarization with more than
(gateways), circles (events) and
and understanding among
100 different elements, resulting in
arrows (flows) (Nishadha, 2014).
stakeholders (Semenchuk, 2018).
potential learning curve for new
users (Polancic, 2014).
Process Flow: This consists of
BPMN’s representation of process
Complex process flows with
sequence flows and gateways which
flows through sequence flows and
numerous gateways and branching
are used to depict the order in which
gateways allows for a clear depiction
paths in BPMN diagrams can lead to
tasks are performed and connects
of the order and dependencies
visual clutter and potential confusion,
different elements in the diagram.
between activities, aiding in process
making the models harder to
understanding and analysis (cflow,
comprehend and maintain (Adams,
2023).
2021).
Events and Triggers: A popular
The inclusion of different types of
The detailed representation of
BPMN process modeling feature
events enables the modeling of
events in BPMN may increase the
called an event denotes anything
event-based triggers and conditions,
complexity of process models,
that "happens" throughout a
supporting more accurate
especially in scenarios with
process. Events are represented by
representation of process behavior.
numerous event triggers and event-
circles in BPMN and signify when
They simplify and declutter
based decisions (Polancic, 2013).
something happens at the
diagrams, boost reading and
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beginning, end, or during a process
comprehension, flexibility and
flexibility (VisualParadigm, 2021).
adaptation, uniformity and
standards, and flexibility
(VisualParadigm, 2021).
Pools and Swimlanes: These aid in
Offering a high-level overview of a
The Pool and Lane constructions, for
representing participants or
process, allowing the reuse and
example, are ambiguous features in
organizations. Pool represent
interchange of BPMN diagrams, and
the BPMN standard and can be
separate process participants while
helping to analyze and enhance the
confusing (Green et al., 2005).
swimlanes divide the process into
effectiveness of a process are all
lanes associated with specific roles
examples of the benefits of BPMN
or departments (Kampik, 2016).
(Lucidchart, 2019).
Advanced Concepts: This
Subprocesses allows the
Exchange or integration of event
technique is for subprocesses,
decomposition of complex processes
subprocesses with systems or
message flows and error handling.
into smaller, manageable units,
technologies that lack support for
aiding in modularity and reusability
them may result in compatibility
of process models. Message flows
problems. For instance, in a
enhances the representation of inter-
collaboration model, the combined
process communication, while error
use of messages and subprocesses
handling helps facilitates the
can result in complex and time-
modeling of exception paths and
consuming behaviors that may
error recovery, promoting robustness
conceal undesirable circumstances
and fault tolerance in process design
that the creator was not immediately
(Vliegenthart, 2020).
aware of (Corradini et al., 2020).
Also, there are restrictions in IBM
Business Process Manager
regarding event subprocess
simulation, reporting of
subprocesses, and orphaned token
deletion (IBM, 2014).
Automation: This involves the using
BPMN diagrams can be directly
Translating BPMN into executable
of a workflow engine to execute
used as a basis for process
code or configuring automation
processes that are specified
automation, convertible into
platforms may require additional
in BPMN. With BPMN, you may use
executable process models
expertise, counterproductively
an intuitive visual modeling language
(Azevedo, Romão and Rebelo,
introducing a gap between the
to automate even the most
2012).
process model and its
complicated business processes.
implementation.
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3.0 Justification and Examples
Healthcare institutions and systems are required to develop approaches that increase the
effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery and patient results while keeping expenses
under control in order to advance the quality of care, ensure that treatment is safe, and ensure
that care is effective. Several technologies have been created in this field to enable process
mapping-based process improvement. One of these techniques is the BPMN (Kassim et al.,
2022). In this context, our attention is directed towards the procedures involved in taking care of
patients as outlined in Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Pathways. In data collection from
studies, the authors created a data collecting form, which they then evaluated in two
experiments and made adjustments to. For each chosen study whose final content was decided
upon following internal debate, each review author individually filled out the data collecting form
(Mincarone et al., 2018).
In the studies, targets where computer scientists, clinical staff, and management, according to
(Barbagallo et al., 2015), (Cutting et al., 2015), (Rojo et al., 2008) and (Scheuerlein et al., 2012),
with medical and administrative personnel, ICU psycho-oncology, stoma nurses, and
anesthesia. BPMN’s ability to graphically represent processes and events with a high degree
formalization, as well as its provision of a standardizes communication framework among
various stakeholders of any role, has facilitates its adoption in all studies. Along with its adoption
and development in the clinical environment, BPMN's easy use by non-IT professionals was
also taken into consideration. Four participants confirmed that they had a clear understanding of
their individual roles, stakeholders could propose further modifications to processes, and the
timeframes and intervals for the activities comprising a patient’s experience in the emergency
department were understood without the need for symbol tables or explanatory notes
(Mincarone et al., 2018).
Summarizing the results of these 4 studies, the authors of the chosen studies see that BPMN is
beneficial and intelligible for healthcare professionals, enabling cross-professional study of
healthcare processes and depiction of complicated scenarios. Its ability to standardize
procedures allows for increased process comprehensibility, which lowers unjustifiable practice
differences that have a detrimental influence on patient safety and quality of treatment.
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4.0 The Current Business Process Model
Fig 1. Current process diagram
5.0 Current Business Process Model Limitations
System
Process
Paper-based form
Multiple steps
Delay
Numerous checks
Technology
No portal for withdrawal
Manually send/receive forms
Unreliability
Tedious &
error-prone
process
Multiple parties
Red tape
People
Policies and procedures
Cannot check status independently
Organization
Fig. 2: Fishbone Diagram of the given case organization process
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5.1 Summary of Fishbone Diagram
In the system category, the primary bottleneck is the paper-based form for withdrawal
application. Hence, incomplete forms can delay the process, as there is need to manually check
forms for completeness. Damage to the form and difficulty in correcting errors also make this
unreliable. In the process category, there are multiple steps which accommodate numerous
checks, like if the withdrawal request is for semester 1 or semester 2, academic progress if it’s
for semester 2, CL, CA and CSMT officer all each checking for form completeness and also
checking again if requirements for withdrawal is met. In Technology, there is no portal where
students can apply for withdrawal by themselves, which leads to manually sending/receiving
forms via email. For people category, there are too many parties which leads to red tape or
bureaucracy. Lastly, in the organization category, we see there are policies and procedures
which should not be needed if the technology bottleneck did not exist, like where student for
PWD is mandated to contact her CL or CA to know her application status.
6.0 The Re-engineered process
Fig 3. Re-engineered process diagram
7.0 Discussion and Implications of Re-engineered Process
The inability of students to go to the school’s portal and initiate their withdrawal process by
themselves is a huge bottle neck which causes a domino effect to other bottlenecks. In this reengineered process, the student is able to go to the withdrawal section on the portal, therefore,
the numerous checks done by the CL would be done by the portal app. We can hereby see that
the workload of all four participants have been reduced drastically, resulting in a faster and
Page 7 of 12
efficient process. This sees the CL avoid numerous checks which would avert human
sentiments, errors and relieve cumbersome tasks, the CA also makes no further checks and
also the central student management team don’t need to check if form is complete because its
all done by the portal application. Furthermore, the student withdrawal status is passed down as
soon as the CSMT finishes processing to the CA, CL and student automatically.
8.0 Conclusion
Business process modeling notation is just one out of business process modeling technique
which is a graphical notation used to depict business processes. It is suggested as a common
notation for modeling that is comprehensible to many business users. It was created to close
the collaboration disconnect that exists between the design of business processes and
execution, which happens often. Its representation of process flows through sequence flows and
gateways, use of standardized notations, the inclusion of different types of events,
subprocesses which allows the decomposition of complex processes into smaller, and being
high level makes BPMN easy to understand and effective; as seen in healthcare, where studies
show that it reduces questionable practices, which in turn improves patient safety and quality of
treatment. Also, in the case study, it points out repetitive and unnecessary tasks which makes it
easy for modification in order to optimize the process.
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9.0 BPMN Diagram links
Current process:
https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmodeler.cloud.camunda.i
o%2Fshares%2F4831b388-a073-46c6-a0e5f07411ea05fd&data=05%7C01%7Cbabajide.akerele%40mail.bcu.ac.uk%7C696787377ff84b88
38bd08db8f5dc893%7C7e2be055828a4523b5e5b77ad9939785%7C0%7C0%7C63826140518
9124734%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI
6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=ppjAz8aeSEU9oso04TCc%2BF
9RIx0fHXPTN0emvhp4XQU%3D&reserved=0
Re-engineered process:
https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmodeler.cloud.camunda.i
o%2Fshares%2Febf1d162-be32-46d9-b3484b3351ca6afc&data=05%7C01%7Cbabajide.akerele%40mail.bcu.ac.uk%7Ccc4c6453229a4a7
443c908db8f5f69e2%7C7e2be055828a4523b5e5b77ad9939785%7C0%7C0%7C63826141218
4105281%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI
6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=EHI4SgLTWzx9bGC2PYYl%2F
vnkVFCHJRJvpv1yjsOh1RQ%3D&reserved=0
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