BACTERIA CELL
*PROKARYOTIC*
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
*EUKARYOTIC* *EUKARYOTIC*
CELL organization
Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions.
 Act as the cellular control
center: Nucleus
 Store, Clean up, and Support:
Vacuoles, Lysosomes,
Cytoskeleton, vesicles
 Build up protein: Ribosome,
ER, Golgi
 Capture and release energy:
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts
 Cellular boundaries: Cell
wall, cell membrane
Cell Structure & Function
Lesson 8.2: Eukaryotic cells
Organelles that stored, clean –up and support
Objectives
for today
• Describe the structure and
function of the cell nucleus
• Describe the roles of
vacuoles, lysosomes and
the cytoskeleton
BLAK
inside the cell:
nucleus
Are these plant or animal
cells?
Plant and animal cells
Which microscope was
used to take this image?
Light microscope
image
TEM
Nucleus
The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains DNA.
Nucleolus/ Nuclei
Chromatin
Nuclear pores
inside the cell:
vacuoles
Are these plant or animal
cells?
Plant cell, because
of the big vacuole
Light microscope
image
Which microscope was
used to take this image?
TEM
FALSE COLOR, electron-microscope images of Plant cells
Notice the vacuoles
TEM
SEM
Vacuoles: Stores materials like water, salts, protein, enzyme,
and so on; Support heavy structure in plant Animal Cell
Plant Cell
inside the cell:
vesicles
inside the cell:
lysosomes
Function:
 “Little stomach” of the cell. Digest/
break down lipid, protein,
carbohydrate into small molecules.
 “Clean up crew” of the cell. Clean
up broken down organelles.
inside the cell:
cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton: the cell’s support structures
 Microfilaments are
“threadlike structures” made
of protein called actin. They
support the cell and help
cells move.
 Microtubules are hollow
structures made up of
proteins called tubulins.
Concept check
Identify the organelles and name the main function of each
●Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Cytoskeleton●
Support structure and aids
moving
Concept check
Identify the organelles and name the main function of each
●Lysosomes
Clean up and digestion
Vacuole●
Water storage and
support in plant cells
Concept check
Identify the organelles and name the main function of each
●Vesicles
Moving molecules inside
and out of the cell
BLAK
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Lysosomes
Group 1 (Khải, Bảo Linh, Châu): Organelles that build
protein – Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi
apparatus/ Golgi body
Group 2 (Phương, Hải): Organelles that capture and
release energy – Chloroplast, Mitochondria
Group 3 (Hiếu, Tuấn): Cell boundaries – Cell
membrane, Cell wall
Task: Create a presentation about the structure and function
of the organelles in each group. The presentation should
include images of these organelles, brief information about
their structure and function, and a short quiz.
Reading materials: Printed document for Chapter 8 and
Savvas online book. I have already uploaded the slide for
today’s lesson on Canvas; please check it out.
Cell Structure & Function
Lesson 8.2
Organelles that produce and transport proteins
Why are proteins important?
Vegan
protein
sources
inside the cell:
protein synthesis
• ORGANELLES that play a role in
protein production and transport
* Nucleus
* Ribosomes
* Endoplasmic Reticulum
(rough and smooth)
* Vesicles
* Golgi Apparatus
inside the cell:
ribosomes
• Ribosomes are small
particles of RNA and
proteins throughout the
cytoplasm
• Proteins assemble on the
ribosomes
• Ribosomes produce
proteins by following
specific codes from the
DNA in the nucleus
inside the cell:
Endoplasmic
reticulum
• Rough ER & Smooth ER
• Smooth ER has no ribosomes.
• Smooth ER plays a role in
detoxification.
inside the cell:
Golgi
apparatus
• Golgi body
• Proteins reach the Golgi body
by vesicle
• Golgi body is a sac of
flattened membranes
• The Golgi body modifies,
sorts and packages proteins
in vesicles for storage in the
cell or release outside the
cell.
Draw a flow
chart to
show how
proteins are
assembled
in the cell
Cell Structure & Function
Lesson 8.2
Organelles that capture and release energy
WHAT DO PLANTS
AND SOLAR PANELS
HAVE IN COMMON?
• They both have the
ability to harness solar
energy
inside the cell:
mitochondria
• Double membrane organelle
• Inner membrane is folded up
inside the organelle
• Contain their own genetic
information
• Found in nearly all eukaryotic
cells
• Powerhouse of the cell: they
convert chemical energy in
food into compounds that can
be used
• TEM image of
chloroplasts
(false color)
• SEM image of
mitochondria
(false color)
• Light
microscope
image of
chloroplasts
Muscle
fibers
inside the cell:
chloroplasts
• Double membrane organelle
• Contain large stacks of smaller
membranes that contain
chlorophyll (green pigment in
plants)
• Only found in plant cells
• Solar power plants: they
capture energy from the sun
and convert it into food
(sugars), during photosynthesis
• Light
microscope
image of
chloroplasts
• SEM image of
chloroplasts
• TEM image of
chloroplasts
Mitochondria vs
chloroplasts
The relationship between mitochondria
and chloroplasts
Cell Structure & Function
Lesson 8.2
Cell Boundaries
Coffee filters and cell membranes
How are they possible similar??
They are semipermeable- only certain
particles can pass through
inside the cell:
Cell walls
• Support, shape and protect
contents of cell
• Animal cells do not have cell
walls
• Most are porous to allow water,
oxygen, CO2 and other
substances to pass through
• Porous = xốp.
inside the cell:
Cell membranes
• Present in all cells
• Surrounds the cytoplasm
• Regulates what enters and
leaves the cell
• Protects and supports the cell
• Made of a lipid bilayer
• Fluid mosaic model that is
selectively permeable
the Cell Membrane: Fluid
Mosaic Model
Phospholipid
Carbohydrate
chains
Identification and
communication
Integral Protein
Forms channels
and pumps to help
pass certain
material through
the cell membrane
Peripheral
Proteins
Can attatch to
the cytoskelton
Fluid mosaic
model
phospholipid-bilayer
Membrane proteins
project
• 3 groups
• Build a model of a
prokaryotic cell, animal cell
or plant cell
• The model must include all
organelles and structures
• The model should be 3D
and at least 30cmx30cm
Inspiration