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11.3 Fuels - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
Paper 1
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates
1 The fractional distillation of petroleum is shown.
refinery gas fraction
gasoline fraction
paraffin fraction
diesel oil fraction
lubricating oil fraction
petroleum
bitumen fraction
Which fraction is the least volatile?
A
bitumen
B
diesel oil
C
gasoline
D
refinery gas
2 Petroleum is fractionally distilled at an oil refinery.
The table shows some fractions and uses.
fraction
use
1
gasoline
fuel for ships
2
refinery gas
lubrication
3
naphtha
making chemicals
4
kerosene
jet fuel
Which rows identify a use for the fraction listed?
A
1 and 2
B
1 and 3
C
2 and 4
D
3 and 4
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11.3 Fuels - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
3 The fractional distillation of petroleum is shown.
Which fraction contains hydrocarbons with the longest chain length?
fuel gas
A
B
C
D
petroleum
bitumen
4 Petroleum is separated into fractions by fractional distillation.
Which row describes a use of the named fraction?
fraction
use
A
bitumen
fuel for ships
B
refinery gas
jet fuel
C
fuel oil
road making
D
gasoline
fuel for cars
5 Petroleum is a mixture of different hydrocarbons.
Which process is used to separate the petroleum into groups of similar hydrocarbons?
A
combustion
B
cracking
C
fractional distillation
D
reduction
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11.3 Fuels - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
6 Which statement about fuels is correct?
A
Heat energy is only produced by burning fuels.
B
Hydrogen is used as a fuel although it is difficult to store.
C
Methane is a good fuel because it produces only water when burned.
D
Uranium is burned in air to produce energy.
7 The fractional distillation of petroleum produces a series of fractions with different uses.
Which row identifies a use for a fraction?
fraction
use
A
bitumen
jet fuel
B
gas oil
cooking
C
kerosene
making roads
D
naphtha
making chemicals
8 Which fuels release carbon dioxide when burned?
A
1
gasoline
2
hydrogen
3
methane
1 and 2
B
1 and 3
C
2 and 3
D
3 only
9 Some properties of four fuels are shown.
Which fuel is a gas at room temperature and makes two products when it burns in a plentiful
supply of air?
fuel
formula
melting point
/ C
boiling point
/ C
A
hydrogen
H2
–259
–253
B
methane
CH4
–182
–164
C
octane
C8H18
–57
126
D
wax
C31H64
60
400
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11.3 Fuels - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
10 Fuel oil and naphtha are two fractions obtained from petroleum.
What are the major uses of these fractions?
fuel oil
naphtha
A
jet fuel
making chemicals
B
jet fuel
making roads
C
ship fuel
making chemicals
D
ship fuel
making roads
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11.3 Fuels QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
Paper 3
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates
1 (b) Fig. 2.2 shows a fractionating column for separating petroleum into different hydrocarbon
fractions.
fraction
refinery gas
gasoline
naphtha
A
diesel oil
fuel oil
lubricating oil
bitumen
Fig. 2.2
(i)
On Fig. 2.2, draw an X inside the column to show where the hydrocarbon with the highest
viscosity collects.
[1]
(ii)
Name the fraction labelled A in Fig. 2.2.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii)
State the name of the fraction in Fig. 2.2 which has the lowest boiling point.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv)
State one use of the bitumen fraction.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
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11.3 Fuels QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
2
The structures of four organic compounds, P, Q, R and S, are shown.
P
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
Q
H
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
R
H
H
H
H
C
C
S
H
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
O
H
H
H
C
H
(b) Structure S is produced by cracking petroleum fractions.
(i)
Complete the sentence using a word from the list.
acids
alkenes
alcohols
nitrogen
During cracking, long-chain alkanes are converted to shorter chain alkanes and
............................ .
(ii)
[1]
Cracking is an example of thermal decomposition.
State the meaning of the term thermal decomposition.
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Link each petroleum fraction on the left to its use on the right.
The first one has been done for you.
fraction
use
refinery gas
making chemicals
naphtha
bottled gas
lubricating fraction
jet fuel
kerosene
waxes and polishes
[2]
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11.3 Fuels QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
3
(a) A list of symbols and formulae is shown.
CaO
CH4
C 2H 4
C 2H 6
Cl –
Cu2+
H2
He
K+
N2
Na+
SO2
Answer the following questions using these symbols or formulae.
Each symbol or formula may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which symbol or formula represents:
(iii)
an element used as a fuel
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
4 (b) Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons which can be separated into fractions with different
boiling points.
Name the method used to separate these fractions.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Complete the table to show the name and uses of some petroleum fractions.
name of fraction
use of fraction
refinery gas
gasoline
waxes and polishes
[3]
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11.3 Fuels QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
5
The structures of seven compounds, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are shown.
A
B
C
H
D
H
H
S
C
O
H
H
C
O
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
F
E
H
H
O
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
C
O
H
G
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
C
O
Answer the following questions about these structures.
Each structure may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) State which structure, A, B, C, D, E, F or G, represents:
(v)
a compound that is the main constituent of natural gas.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
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11.3 Fuels QP - CAIE Chemistry IGCSE
Paper 4
Questions are applicable for both core and extended candidates
unless indicated in the question
6
A list of substances is shown.
aluminium oxide
carbon dioxide
chlorine
diamond
ethanol
glucose
iron(III) oxide
limestone
nitrogen
oxygen
Answer the questions using the list of substances.
Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which of the substances:
(d) is used as a fuel
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]