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Analysis and Design of Slab Culvert using
STAAD-Pro Software
1Lokendra Dewangan, 2Manas Rathore
1
Research Scholar, 2Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, India
Abstract: The Culverts are to be provided across the embankment for the watercourses, such as nallas and streams, which allow
the natural waterway to flow through it. The culverts are required for balancing the floodwater levels on both sides of the earth to
reduce flooding on one side of the road thereby reducing the water level and thus reducing the risk of flooding. The culverts are of
different shapes such as slab, arch and box. They are made of different materials such as masonry (stones, bricks, etc.,) and of
reinforced concrete material. This paper we have reviewed the previous research work done related to our research area namely
slab culvert analysis and design. Generally, for small spans the RCC deck slabs often called slab culverts are used. The slab culverts
are considered to be important non-water structures used for the construction of highways. To date culverts have been designed and
constructed as per the guidelines of the Indian Road Congress i.e., according to the code IRC: 21-2000 which follows the working
stress methodology. Recently Limit State Method was introduced by the IRC i.e., IRC: 112-2011 for designing prestress and RCC
bridges. The research will be done to for the parametric comparison between IRC-112 design parameter and IRC- 21 and also after
following few research papers the study of unspecified parameters in IRC: 112 - 2011 like span to depth (L / d) ratio will be carried
out.
Key Words: Slab Culvert, IRC 112-2011, Stadd Pro Software
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
The slab culvert, also known as the bridge culverts, may have three sides, or simply be a deck slab attached to the ground on both
sides, providing a bridge over a distance. 2. A box culvert can be made of a single box, or multiple cell cells set aside. Slab culverts
are built over 2.5 m wide. To build a slab culvert, a stone or R.C.C slab is placed directly on a pole based on steel or steel. These
slabs form a large structure over the culvert. Slab culverts are important water structures used in the construction of highways.
These buildings are widely built in Ethiopia for the second time in pipe culverts. Slab culverts are divided according to the length
of the filling (embankment length). These are at-grade and fill slab culverts.
1.2 Types of Culverts
Generally, Culvert structures can be classified according to the type of construction or materials used. The following are the major
types of owls in the road sector.
1. Concrete pipes are not prefabricated in a circular section, later called 'concrete pipes'.
2. Prefabricated steel pipes and pipe hoses, later called 'metal culverts'. This may be a steel or Aluminium construction.
3. Box boxes may be replaced or pre-made. The reinforced concrete box boxes are constructed in conjunction with the culverts
without pipes called portal culverts or rectangular culverts.
4. Slab culverts may be replaced or pre-made. Reinforced concrete gutters are constructed in conjunction with culverts without
pipes called portal culverts or rectangular culverts.
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6. Wooden cones
1.3 Objective
i. The principal objectives of the project are modelling, analysing and designing of Slab Culvert.
ii. To compare the IRC-112 and IRC-21 parameters and an attempt is made to study undefined parameters of IRC: 112- 2011
such as span to depth (L/d) ratio.
Fig: Different types of Culverts
2.0 Literature Review:
1. Shivanand Tenagi and R. Shreedhar conducted research on the RCC slab culvert using codes IRC 112 - 2011 and IRC 212000. The enclosed slab area of the RCC was analyzed and designed for IRC loading as standard specifications and L / S savings
standards. d is found in both a moderate condition and a stressful mode of operation. The study concluded that the required concrete
capacity is less than the boundary condition method and a L / d ratio equal to 20 of the boundary condition method and 13 operating
pressure method may be acceptable in design.
2. Ram Gan (2019) has learned that with the advent of all major earthquakes, there has been a tendency in the past, almost universal
tendency to increase the capacity of a building to withstand such events. It is only in the last ten years that new strategies have been
successfully developed to address this problem economically. The current international practice has shifted to operational-based
engineering, where the emphasis is on performance and safety under different seismic levels. He also concluded that there is scope
after controlling both ‘inactivity’ by detailed prescribed procedures and ‘active’ control by certain devices for earthquake-resistant
bridges. The wise use of these ideas can lead to a more secure and secure bridge.
3. R. hours and S. Patil (2019) presented a comprehensive study of Slab Culvert using calculation methods such as Grillage
analysis and Finite feature method. Grillage analysis varies naturally and can be used to ensure bridge decks with simple and
complex configuration easily and confidently. Grillage analysis is usually done using the STAAD Pro software. Their main goal
was to master Slab Culvert behavior and the variability of stress according to the law of Shear force and bending time values.
4. A.D PATIL, A. A GALATAGE (2020): had done physical analysis. Slab design and analysis problems are made with reduction
and without reduction. Maximum bending time for all uploads is set. The result is that the load combination is found to be very
important at all times the aspect ratio of a different scale or feature varies or always has a pillow on or off.
5. AJAY R. POLRA, PRO. P. CHANDRESHA, DR. K.B: He had done the analysis and comparison using the design concept in
mind of a fixed container of earth weight, pillow, width or angle of dispersion and a project weight case. The effect is stripped of
the pillow or cushion and the idea of dispersion is not going to be a big live burden of the great pressures created outside the pillow.
6. Perrin and Jhaveri (2020) conducted a financial study of culvert health cycles. It is well-known that most pipelines are not
replaced at the end of their life series, the last of which is a failure and expensive. If these culverts fail, they are then replaced with
emergency prices. Perrin and Jhaveri, meanwhile, said inspection and repair programs would lead to total savings compared to
emergency replacements. Perrin and Jhaveri concluded that it is important to consider whether a long-lived pipeline costs more
based on the chances that the pipeline may not be replaced at the end of its design period.
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7. Y. Vinod Kumar, Dr. Chava Srinivas (2015) Demonstrates the study of Slab Culvert design and determines pressures such as
shear strength and bending moment of structure under rail loading conditions and these pressures are determined by calculation
methods. and standard methods and compare results. All design parameters are determined according to Indian railway standards.
8. Zaman Abbas Kazmi, Ashhad Imam, Vikas Srivastava (2017) This paper deals with the comparison of results between the
manual method and the calculation method (Staad pro). In this study, it was also found that manual manipulation is very stressful
and complex and therefore it is best to solve it using a calculation method.
9. Mahesh D. Already Rajkumar A. Dubal (2017) This paper discusses the interaction of the slab structure of a Slab Culvert with
a full Slab and empty slab shapes using the ANSYS limited feature analysis tool. It also considers design parameters as a result of
ground pressures and pillow depth varies on the upper slab of the culvert. It also compares various cases of Slab Culvert with or
without cushion.
10. Prema S Bangari, Guruprasad T N, Dr T V Mallesh, S R Ramesh (2019) This study deals with the analysis of the Slab
Culvert structure by hand and software. It also considers the effect of different types of loading conditions. Finally, it compares the
effects of time and power to shear with Staad pro and how to do it manually.
11. Sinha et. al. (2009) (Rcc Slab Culvert - methodology and Designs including computer method) Journal of the Indian Roads
Congress, October-December 2009, Pipes need to be provided under the earth dike to meet the water channel as streams, Nallas
over the dike as a road the bank cannot be allowed to block the normal pipeline. Pipes are also needed to fix rising water on both
sides of the earth dike to reduce the level of rising on one side.
3.0 Analysis & Modelling
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4.0 Results & Discussions
The analysis of the box culvert using Stadd pro software were performed and various parameters are being evaluated under the
loading conditions. The obtained outcomes are discussed below:
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5.0 Conclusions:
1. For short span bridges section of bridge is not economical.
2. For short span bridges section culvert is most economical.
3. For short span, culvert have more strength as compare to bridges
4. Widening of carriage way in culvert is easy as compare to bridges.
5. In case of Retaining wall construction For Without cushion case, braking force caters considerable moments and rotations. Hence
it is very necessary to consider braking force separately in the analysis.
6. In one of the indicators the practical scope methods, recommended in IRC: 112 for the analysis of solid slab type bridges, lead
to safer construction as it provides more bending times than STAAD using the grinding method commonly used by bridge designers.
REFERENCES
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