EFFECTS OF DRINKING AND SMOKING HABITS ON THE ATTITUDES
OF SECOND YEAR MARINE TRANSPORTATION STUDENTS AT MARINERS'
CANAMAN CAMPUS
Carl Barcelona
Markenly Cabanela
Camilo Libria
Emmanuel Oraa
Xavier Plantado
2023
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Smoking and drinking reinforce each other to multiply health
problems. Most people are aware that smoking and heavy drinking are
unhealthy habits, but not many realize just how much harm they can cause.
Worldwide, tobacco and alcohol use are serious societal problems and
health concerns. There is a sizable frequency among boys and girls,
according to a review of the literature on studies of cigarette and alcohol
use among students nationwide. According to the study, 70% to 80% of all
students are generally aware of the detrimental effects that various forms
of abuse have on one's health. Alcohol users are the most prevalent of the
three abuses, followed by tobacco and smokeless tobacco users.
Males are about four times more likely than girls to have used
tobacco at some point in their lives. The age bracket of 16 to 20 years is an
extremely vulnerable age range for beginning to smoke and drink. Even
though students had their initial encounter with their buddies, their curiosity
was what ultimately led to any habit being formed. Alcohol consumption was
now used by 7.2% more people than cigarette use (4.7%) or smokeless
tobacco (0.37%). There were 0.87% and 1.8% daily drinkers and smokers,
respectively. Additionally, occasional drinkers had roughly four times the
prevalence of daily drinkers as did occasional smokers of tobacco, who
were three times more prevalent than daily smokers. None of the pupils
used smokeless tobacco on a regular basis. Those between the ages of 19
and 22 and those living away from home were more prone to developing
this habit.
Therefore, this age group requires policy action. The most common
source of advice to stop abusing anything is from friends, whereas experts
offer the least support. This study's finding has some significant implications
for institutional-level policy priorities. In order to solve the situation,
professional counselors should play bigger roles. However, any one remedy
alone is insufficient. Youth behavioral changes require both external and
endogenous techniques.
Statement of the Problem
The major goal of the research is to assess the Effects of Drinking and
Smoking Habits on the Attitudes of Second Year Marine Transportation
Students at Mariners' Canaman Campus for the School Year 2022-2023.
It intended to answer the following specific questions:
1. What are the opinions and attitudes of Mariners' Canaman maritime
students concerning drinking and smoking, and how do they influence their
behavior?
2. How do maritime students at Mariners' Canaman's drinking and
smoking habits affect their health, academic performance, and future careers?
3. What criteria, such as age, gender, academic performance, and family
background, are associated with the drinking and smoking behaviors of
maritime students at Mariners' Canaman?
Objectives of the Study
The major objective of the research is to assess the Effects of Drinking and
Smoking Habits on the Attitudes of Second Year Marine Transportation Students
at Mariners' Canaman Campus for the School Year 2022-2023.
It intended to answer the following specific objectives:
1. Determine the the opinions and attitudes of Mariners' Canaman maritime
students concerning drinking and smoking, and how do they influence their
behavior;
2. Determine how maritime students at Mariners' Canaman's drinking and
smoking habits affect their health, academic performance, and future careers; and
3. Discover which factors, such as age, gender, academic performance, and
family history, are associated with the drinking and smoking habits of nautical
students at Mariners' Canaman.
Scope and Delimitation
This study will be focused on the two major variables: the effects of drinking
and smoking habits to the attitudes of the second year marine transportation
students in Mariners Canaman Campus and why they're choosing to do it, what
was their reason for it.
The conduct of the survey through interviews with different respondents
from Marine Transportation Students of Mariners Canaman Campus concentrated
in the areas of the respondents’ profiles and their knowledge regarding the matter
at hand. This will be assessed through statistical treatment and will aim to
determine the perceptions on the effects of drinking and smoking habits in second
year marine transportation students of our school. Ten (10) students of Mariners
Canaman Campus will be the target respondents of the study.
Significance of the Study
The results of this study may offer more in-depth understanding of how
second-year Mariners Canaman students perceive the negative effects of drinking
and smoking. This may help to lessen the negative effects of these behaviors on
their ability to fulfill their obligations to the school community.
The following things are important from the study:
To the Students. The findings of this study might encourage the students to
take responsibility for their actions, to refrain from taking actions that might
negatively impact their lives, and to grow to enjoy their lives.
To the Administrators. The findings may serve as a roadmap for
administrators and barangay officials as they develop and deliver in-depth seminars
or lectures about the negative impacts of smoking and drinking.
To the Teachers/Parents. The results may serve as a guide for them to
inspire their students/children to take part and be responsible for their own actions
when it comes to handling their own habits and attitudes.
To the Future Researchers. This study will provide them additional
information if they would like to improve the study or were able to conceptualize
topics related to the present research topic.
Operational Definition of Terms
The following terminologies are defined Conceptually and Operationally:
Smoking. It is the practice of burning tobacco and ingesting the resulting smoke.
The smoke may be inhaled, as is done with cigarettes, or simply released from the
mouth, as is generally done with pipes and cigars. In this study, it refers to the
smoking activities of marine transportation students.
Drinking. It is an alcohol consumption of beverages containing ethyl alcohol.
Alcoholic beverages are consumed largely for their physiological and psychological
effects, but they are often consumed within specific social contexts and may even
be a part of religious practices. In this study, it pertains to the alcohol drinking
activities of marine transportation students.
Habits. It is the usual way of behaving: something that a person does often in a
regular and repeated way. In this study, it refers to the attitudes or behaviors of
marine transportation students toward smoking and drinking activities.
Unhealthy. Not conducive to good health: not healthful. an unhealthy climate. : not
in good health : sickly, diseased. In this study, it pertains to the negative effects of
smoking and drinking activities to marine transportation students.
Perceptions. The state of being or process of becoming aware of something. In this
study it refers to the perspectives of marine transportation about the effects of
smoking and drinking to their behaviors or attitudes.
NOTES
https://tobaccofreelife.org/resources/smoking-and-drinking-risks/
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09720634211011567
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
People all across the world are growing more concerned about how college
students feel and behave when it comes to drinking and smoking. According to the
World Health Organization (WHO), drinking and smoking are two of the most
avoidable causes of illness and death globally. Drinking and smoking pose
significant risks to the crew and passengers' safety when it comes to sea
transportation. It is crucial to research the attitudes and beliefs of second-year
marine transportation students on drinking and smoking. By doing this, we can
develop useful initiatives that inform and assist students in making decisions that
are better for them and others around them.
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
Drinking alcohol has been shown to have several detrimental consequences
on people, including issues with their physical and mental health. Additionally, it has
been connected to unfavorable attitudes and actions including hostility, unsafe
sexual activity, and subpar academic achievement. Alcohol intake was linked to
worse academic performance and more absenteeism among college students,
according to research by Zanjani et al. (2017). Similar findings were made by Peltzer
et al. (2013), who discovered that alcohol use was linked to students' unfavorable
attitudes toward sexual health.
EFFECTS OF SMOKING
Smoking has several detrimental effects on one's health, including lung
cancer, heart disease, and respiratory conditions. It is one of the biggest avoidable
causes of death in the world. Additionally, it has been connected to unfavorable
attitudes and actions including subpar academic performance and greater risktaking. According to research by El-Gilany et al. (2014), smoking among medical
students was linked to subpar academic performance and low attendance rates.
Similarly, smoking was linked to unfavorable views on eating healthily and engaging
in physical exercise among university students, according to research by Rehmani
et al. (2017).
EFFECTS OF DRINKING AND SMOKING ON ATTITUDES
People's opinions regarding their health and other parts of life are negatively
impacted by the combined impacts of drinking and smoking. In research by Brown
et al. (2015), it was discovered that those who smoked and drank both had more
unfavorable views toward health than those who did not. Similarly, it was discovered
in research by Siegel et al. (2015) that those who drank alcohol and smoked
cigarettes were more likely to participate in hazardous behaviors including
unprotected sex and drug misuse.
CONCLUSION
According to the literature, smoking, and drinking have a deleterious impact
on people's views on their health and academic achievement. When people combine
drinking and smoking, these harmful consequences are exacerbated. Therefore,
educational institutions must encourage healthy habits among students while
discouraging drinking and smoking.
NOTES
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07448481.2020.1725020
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17568960/
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahU
KEwi33K-Mj7jAhWZf94KHUJJBQMQFnoECBkQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.g
ov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4841990%2F&usg=AOvVaw0EFqKEHXpIkOwIaeXHrGJ
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the methodology used to investigate the perceptions
of second year Marine Transportation students on the effects of drinking and
smoking habits on their attitudes. The chapter provides an overview of the research
design, population and sampling, data collection procedures, and data analysis
techniques used in the study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The study used a descriptive research design to explore the perceptions of
second year Marine Transportation students on the effects of drinking and smoking
habits on their attitudes. Descriptive research is useful for obtaining information
about attitudes, opinions, and perceptions. The study did not attempt to establish
cause-and-effect relationships between drinking and smoking habits and attitudes.
POPULATION AND SAMPLING
The population of the study comprised second year Marine Transportation
students at Mariners' Canaman Campus. A stratified random sampling technique
was used to select the sample for the study. The students were divided into four
strata based on their academic performance, and a proportionate number of
students were randomly selected from each stratum. The final sample size was 100
students.
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES
Data
was
collected
using a
self-administered
questionnaire.
The
questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part collected demographic
information such as age, gender, and smoking and drinking habits. The second part
contained statements related to attitudes towards drinking and smoking habits, and
their perceived effects on academic performance, health, relationships, and future
prospects. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with each
statement on a five-point Likert scale, where 1 represented strongly disagree, and 5
represented strongly agree.
DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as
frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics, such as
t-tests and ANOVA, were used to determine significant differences between groups.
Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. The level of significance was
set at 0.05.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of
Mariners' Canaman Campus before data collection began. Informed consent was
obtained from each participant, and they were informed of their right to withdraw
from the study at any time without penalty. Participants were assured of their
confidentiality, and all data collected was kept confidential and used only for
research purposes.