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Nursing History & Contemporary Practice - Presentation

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KOZIER & ERB’S
Fundamentals of NURSING
NINTH EDITION
Concepts, Process, and Practice
CHAPTER
1
Historical and
Contemporary
Nursing Practice
Dr. Haya Abu Maloh
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Learning Outcomes
1. Discuss historical factors and nursing leaders
influencing the development of nursing.
2. Discuss the evolution of nursing education and entry
into professional nursing practice.
3. Discuss the different types of educational programs for
nurses.
4. Explain the importance of continuing nursing education.
5. Describe how the definition of nursing evolved since
Florence Nightingale.
6. Identify the four major areas of nursing practice.
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Learning Outcomes (cont'd)
7. Identify the purposes of nurse practice acts and
standards of professional nursing practice.
8. Describe the role of nurses.
9. Describe the expanded career roles and their
functions.
10. Discuss the criteria of a profession and the
professionalization of nursing.
11. Describe factors influencing contemporary
nursing practice.
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Evolution of Nursing Practice
• Women’s roles and status
• Religious (Christian) values
• War
• Societal attitudes
• Nursing leaders
• Nursing education
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
• Arabic: Islam and prophet teachings; strict rules of
living (habits of cleanliness, eating, interaction).
• Rufaida Al-Aslamyia'. Her father was a healer. She
assisted him and developed nursing skills.
• She began to train women and young girls in the arts
of nursing.
• Developed the 1st code of nursing conduct and ethics.
• On holy wars, she provided care to Muslim army
during battle and after. Used to set up tents near
mosques to provide care and health education
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Nursing Education
• Controlled by state boards of nursing and
professional organizations
• Originally taught knowledge and skills for
hospital practice
• Now more varied practice settings, critical
thinking, health promotion and
maintenance
• Two entry levels: RNs or LPN/LVN
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Nursing Education (cont’d)
• NCLEX exam, verified completion of
prescribed course of study
– Accredited programs
• Licensure
• Mutual recognition, multistate compact
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Types of Nursing Education
• Practical or vocational nursing
• Registered nursing
– Diploma
– Associate degree
– Baccalaureate
• Graduate nursing
– Masters
– Doctoral
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Types of Nursing Education (cont'd)
• Continuing education: The registered
nurse seeks knowledge and competence
that reflects current nursing practice and
promotes futuristic thinking
• In-service education: A specific type of
CE program that is offered by an
employer. It is designed to upgrade the
knowledge or skills of employees
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Definitions of Nursing
• Caring
• Art/science
• “Nursing is the protection, promotion, and
optimization of health and abilities,
preventions of illness and injury, alleviation of
suffering through the diagnosis and treatment
of human response, and advocacy in the care
of individuals, families, communities, and
populations” (ANA, 2010, p. 10; ANA, 2015b, p. 7)
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Recipients of Nursing Care
• Patient (Consumer): an individual who is
waiting for or undergoing medical
treatment and care
• Client: an individual who engages the
advice or services of another who is
qualified to provide this service
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Scope of Nursing Practice
• Promotion of health and wellness
• Prevention of illness: immunizations,
prenatal and infant care,
• Restoration of health: providing direct
care, preforming diagnostic and
assessment procedures, consulting,
teaching, and rehabilitation
• Care for the dying
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Settings for Nursing
• Acute care hospitals
• Clients’ homes
• Community agencies
• Ambulatory clinics
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Settings for Nursing (cont’d)
• Long-term care facilities
• Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
• Nursing practice centers
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Nurse Practice Acts
• Legal acts
• Regulated by state or area of jurisdiction
• Common purpose: to protect the public
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Standards of Nursing Practice
• ANA: Standards of Practice
• Specialty nursing organizations
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Roles and Functions of Nurses
• Caregiver
• Communicator
• Teacher
• Client advocate
• Counselor
• Change agent
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Roles and Functions of Nurses
(cont'd)
• Leader
• Manager
• Case manager
• Research consumer
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Expanded Career Roles
• Nurse practitioner
• Clinical nurse specialist
• Nurse anesthetist
• Nurse midwife
• Nurse researcher
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Expanded Career Roles
• Nurse administrator
• Nurse educator
• Nurse entrepreneur
• Forensic nurse
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Things to Consider
• What are the criteria of a profession?
• Profession
• Professionalism
• Professionalization
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Criteria of a Profession
• Prolonged, specialized education,
knowledge, and expertise about the role to
be performed
– Body of knowledge
• Service orientation
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Criteria of a Profession (cont’d)
• Ongoing research
• Code of ethics
• Autonomy
• Professional organization
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Factors Influencing Contemporary
Nursing Practice
• Nursing workforce issues and challenges
• Healthcare system reform
• Quality and safety in healthcare
• Consumer demands
• Family structure
• Internet and telehealth
• Legislation
• Collective bargaining
• Nursing association
Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process, and Practice, Ninth Edition
Audrey Berman • Shirlee Snyder
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
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