PHYSICAL PLANNING
SHALL MEAN THE RATIONAL USE OF LAND FOR DEVELOPMENT PURPOSES.
FACTORS TO STUDY:
-LAND USE PLANNING
-PLANNING PRINCIPLES
-ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
-PRESERVATION/CONSERVATION
-URBAN LAND USE PLANNING
-PHYSICAL INFRASTUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL PLANNING – REFERS TO THOSE ACTIVITIES CONCERNED WITH PLANNING DEVELOPMENT AND
MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES, FACILITIES REQUIRED BY SPECIFIC POPULATION GROUPS,
COMMUNITY, TOWN, CITY, PROVINCE, REGION, OR NATION.
FACTORS TO STUDY:
-DEMOGRAPHY
-EDUCATION
-HOUSING
-HEALTH SERVICES
-SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES
-PROTECTION SERVICES
-SPORTS AND RECREATION
ECONOMIC PLANNING – REFERS TO THOSE ACTIVITIES CONCERNED WITH UPLIFTING THE QUALITY OF
LIFE AND INCOME LEVELS OF THE POPULATION THROUGH ASSESSMENT OF ADVANTAGES FROM
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN EITHER AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, TOURISM, SERVICES, ETC.
FACTORS TO STUDY:
-COMMERCE
-INDUSTRY
-TOURISM
-AGRICULTURE
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING – REFERS TO ACTIVITIES CONCERNED WITH THE MANAGEMENT AND
DEVELOPMENT OF LAND, AS WELL AS THE PRESERVATION, CONSERVATION, AND REHABILITATION OF
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
SCOPE OF PRACTICE:
-DEVELOPMENT OF A COMMUNITY, TOWN. CITY OR REGION
-DEVELOPMENT OF A SITE FOR A PARTICULAR NEED SUCH AS HOUSING. EDUCATION, ETC.
-LAND USE AND ZONING PLANS FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PRESERVATION,
CONSERVATION, CONTROL AND REHABILITATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
-PRE-INVESTMENT, PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY, AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES
THEORIES IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
PLANNING – Planning in general is a thinking and social process. Intellectual thought processes as well as
policies and actions (social aspect) are needed to bridge the gap between what is likely and what is
desired.
Other Specific Definitions of Planning:
- A process of determining appropriate future action through a sequence of choices. (Davidoff &
Rainer, 1962)
- A process of preparing a set of decisions for action in the future directed at achieving goals by
preferable means (Dron, 1963)
- An orderly sequence of actions that is designed to achieve a state goal (Hall, 1977)
- A sequence of actions which are designed to solve problem in the future (Glasson, 1974)
- Foresight in formulating and implementing programs and policies (Hudson, 1979)
PLANNING PROCESS
Whatever the purpose maybe, the planning process generally includes a set of activities that remain
invariant across different planning philosophies.
COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING – evolve from physical planning model from 1920’s to 1950’s as
exemplified by British Planner Patrick Geddes S-A-P and Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City.
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY – By Walter Christaller, 1933. Explain the size and function of settlements
and their relationship with their hintherlands.
- Hierarchy of Services – Heirarchical arrangement of centers and functions based on service
activities from low order to high order services found only in major urban centers.
- Market Range – maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel to avail of a good or service
beyond which people will look to another center.
- Threshold Population – minimum population necessary to support a service.
CORE PERIPHERY – By John Friedman. Unbalanced Growth results to dualism – North and South
Growing points and lagging regions.
Elements of Human Settlements (DOXIADIS)
1. Nature – the natural physical environments
2. Man – an individual (Homo Sapiens)
3. Society – a group of individuals sharing the same culture, values, norms, mores and traditions.
4. Shells – buildings, the built component – housing, hospitals, schools, town halls, commercial
establishments, recreational facilities, industrial buildings, etc.
5. Networks – links within the settlement and with other settlements, transportation system,
communication systems, water supply, power and electrical systems, etc.
HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS
1. Hamlet, a neighborhood, a small village
2. A community, a town
3. A city, an urban area
4. A metropolis
5. A conurbation – composition of cities, metropolis, urban areas
6. A megalopolis – merging of two or more metropolises with a population of 10 million or more, a
20th century phenomenon.
Difference between CITY and URBAN
CITY- as defined by RA 7160, a minimum income of 20 million pesos, at least 10,000 has. land area or
minimum population of 150,000, with a political of legal status granted by the government.
HIGHLY URBANIZED CITY – with at least 200,000 population, with income of 50M or more.
COMPONENT CITY – population and income below that of highly urbanized city.
INDEPENDENT COMPONENT CITY – a chartered city with a population and income below those required
for a city but whose charter makes it independent from the province.
URBAN AREA – as defined by NSO; in their entirety, all cities and municipalities with a density of at least
1000/sq km; central districts (poblaciones) of municipalities and cities with a density of at least 500/sq.
km, central districts regardless of population size, exhibiting a street pattern or street network, at least 6
establishments, a town hall, church, or chapel, public plaza, park, cemetery, market, and barangays
having at least 1000 people and meeting the previous conditions.
IMAGE OF THE CITY – a collective image – map or impressions – map of a city, a collective picture of
what people perceive from the physical reality of a city.
Five Elements of how to perceive a city
1. PATHWAYS
2. DISTRICTS
3. EDGES
4. LANDMARKS
5. NODES
CLUP (Comprehensive Land Use Plan) – Prescribe the development pace, direction, and strategies for
the optimum use of land resources in a community as well as its role in provincial and national
development
COMPATIBLE and INCOMPATIBLE LAND USES – a related concept of multiple uses of land is the
compatibility uses. Some land uses are innately incompatible while others are completely compatible.
Compatible uses can co-exist harmoniously and effectively in orderly management.
HIGHEST AND BEST USE OF THE LAND
1. The use of land that generates the maximum profit without the negative consequences,
especially on the environment.
2. Land should be used in such a manner consistent with its natural qualities to maximize its
productivity and also adhere to the principles of a sustainable environment.
3. Utilizing land in a manner that is beneficial to both man and the environment.
MAPS - communicates information that is related to locations in a remarkably efficient way, reducing
volumes of information to a single, clear visual presentation.
URBAN LAND USE MAP COLOR CODES
MAPS/MAPPING – a graphical representation of a place or particular phenomena or themes in an area.
It is a convenient visual form of spatial data, their distribution and relationships.
MAPS/MAPPING – a reduced and simplified model of reality containing geographic information. It is a
graphic depiction of all or part of a geographic realm where the real-world features have been replaced
with symbols in their correct spatial location at a reduced scale.
TYPES OF MAPS
1. GENERAL PURPOSE – shows suite of physical and cultural features at the same time.
a. Reference Map – allows simple properties of map data. Example: world map, road map,
sketch map.
b. Base Map – working map for the preparation of various maps. Example: General base map,
urban base map, etc.
2. THEMATIC MAP - depicts on single features of the earth’s surface representing one or two
themes.
a. Topographic Map – shows a limited set of features including terrain, streams, boundaries
and roads
b. Climate Map – gives the prevailing type of rainfall in the area.
c. Hydrologic Map – shows existing geologic features, rock types and ground and surface
water.
d. Slope Map – group area exhibiting a particular range or degree of inclination
e. Soil Map – shows the spatial distribution of different soil classification unit in a locality.
f. Land Classification Map – categories of land by the Forest Management Bureau
f.1 forest reserve
f.2 Mossy forest
f.3 Commercial
f.4 Logged Over areas
f.5 Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
f.6 Swamp lands and water bodies
f.7 Alienable and disposable land
g. Population Density Map – shows concentration of population by class intervals in relation to
land area.
h. Cadastral Map – public record of land ownership.
i. Land Values Map – indicates relative prices and values of land in an area.
j. Land Use Map – shows spatial distribution of different land uses.
j.1 General land Use – distribution of land uses covering the entire town.
j.2 General Land Use Plan – reflects the planned distribution of land uses.
j.3 Urban Land Use Map – distribution of land uses in the urban center.
j.4 Urban Land Use Plan – indicates planned distribution of urban land uses.
j.5 Zoning Map – shows the zone or districts according to present and potential uses of
land.
3. ANALYTICAL MAP – Illustrates the derived results from the analysis from two or more variables
according to desired outputs.
a. Erosion Hazard Map – analysis of soil or slope of an area.
b. Flooding Hazard – shows area where flooding usually occurs.
c. Land Capability Map – indicates suitability map for cultivation.
d. Soil Suitability Map – provides information on the degree of soil suitability for Urban
Development.
e. Development Constraints Map – a land resources inventory map describing the shape of land
in terms of relief. An input map to land suitability map
f. Land Suitability Map – classifies land into categories based on the degree to which the
characteristics of the land can satisfy the environmental requirements of specific crops without
deterioration.