A REPORT ON THE DIVERSITY OF SNAKES FROM WARD NUMBER 25 OF
POKHARA METROPOLITAN CITY, KASKI DISTRICT.
BY:
Anisha Adhikari
Bsc.2nd Year
Roll No:
Symbol No:
A REPORT SUBMITTES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE OF ZOOLOGY.
SUBMITTED TO
DEPERTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PRITHUVI NARAYAN CAMPUS
BAGAR,1,2022/ /
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work presented in this report has been done by myself, and has not
been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree. All sources of information have been
specifically acknowledged by reference to authors.
Date:
Anisha Adhikari
LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION
This is to recommend that the report entitled “A report on the study of diversity of snakes from
ward number 25 of Pokhara metropolitan city, kaski district.” Has been carried out by Ms.
Anisha Adhikari for partial fulfillment of the requirements for bachelor’s degree of science in
zoology. This is her original work and has been carried out under my supervision. To the best of
my knowledge, this work has not been submitted for any other degree in any institutions.
Date:
Supervisor
Ram Babu Mandal
Institute Of Science and technology
PNC
Bagar,1, kaski
LETTER OF APPROVAL
On the recommendation of supervisor professor Ram Babu Mandal, Institute of Science and
Technology, Prithivi Narayan Campus, this report submitted by Ms. Anisha Adhikari entitle “A
report on the study of diversity of snakes from ward number 25 of Pokhara metropolitan city,
kaski district “ is approved for the examination and submitted to Prithivi Narayan Campus in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the bachelor’s degree of science in zoology.
Date:
Head
Mr. Ganesh Timilsina
Department of Zoology
PNC
Bagar,1, kaski
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my sincere thanks as well as gratitude to my respected teacher of
zoology department, Prithivi Narayan Campus, Pokhara for this continuous guidance, support
and encouragements in preparing this report. I’m also thankful to Mr. Amrit Gurung sir, Prithivi
Narayan Campus, Pokhara and all the respective teachers of zoology department for their
valuable suggestion to improve this report.
I want to give remarkable gratitude to Mr.Prabin Pandey, Rishi Baral (snake conservation
society, Nepal) for helping me to write this report and providing data/information related to
study.
At last, I’m very much grateful to my family member and relatives. They provided
encouragement and inspiration during the difficulties parts of my study.
Anisha Adhikari
Bsc. 2nd year, Zoology
ABSTRACT
Pokhara is having good diversity of snakes. The present study deals with the investigation of
snakes from ward number 25 of Pokhara metropolitan city, kaski district. Snakes are an
important part of the ecosystem in Pokhara, Nepal. They play a crucial role in controlling rodent
populations and are also an important food source for some birds and mammals. Many species
of snakes can be found in the area, including the Common Krait, Indian Cobra, and the King
Cobra. However, it is important to note that some of these species are venomous and can be
dangerous to humans. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the snakes in the area and take
precautions to avoid contact with them so this made me to study about snakes of this area.
Overall, the snakes of Pokhara play a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of the local
ecosystem.
CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER- 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 STUDY AREA
CHAPTER- 2
2.1 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
2.2 METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER- 3
3.1 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
3.2 RECOMMENDATION
3.3 CONCLUSION
3.4 REFERENCES
3.5 APPENDIX
CHAPTER- 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Reptiles are a diverse group of cold-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates that include snakes,
lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and alligators. They have been around for over 300 million years
(Gaffney et al., 1990). Reptiles are one of the most widespread diverse vertebrates on the
earth and about 11,301 species and 2237 subspecies arecurrently known. Among them,
more than 3500 species of snakesare recorded and out of these only 754 species of them
are reported as venomous (Uetz et al. 2020, Scott 2013).
Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes. (Vidal et al.,
2009; Hedges et al., 2009). They can be found on every continent except Antarctica, and are
found in a wide range of habitats, including deserts, forests, and wetlands. They vary greatly
in size, with some species measuring less than 10 centimeters in length, while others can
grow to more than 6 meters. They are characterized by their long, slender bodies, and their
scales, which provide protection and aid in movement. Snakes have a highly specialized jaw
structure that allows them to swallow prey whole, and they have a unique respiratory
system that allows them to breathe through their lungs, even when their mouth is full of
food. They are also known for their ability to quickly and effectively move through a variety
of terrains, and some species are even able to swim and climb.
In general, snakes have an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems, as they
are predators that control populations of rodents and other small animals. However, some
snake species are venomous and can pose a danger to humans. But it’s important to note
that most snake species are not dangerous to humans and play an important role in
controlling pests and maintaining the balance of nature. Therefore, understanding the
biology and behavior of snakes is important for both conservation efforts and human safety.
1.2 STUDY AREA
The study area of study was Hemja village (28.2790°N, 83.9347°E) of Pokhara which is the 25 th
ward of Pokhara metropolitan city. It is located in the Gandaki Zone of western Nepal. The
altitude of Hemja is around 1,200meter from sea level. It covers an area of 19.71 square
kilometer and had a total population of 12262 (in 3019 households) in 2011 that rise from 8702
(in 1902 households) in 2001. The district headquarters Pokhara lies about 750 m above the sea
level and is one of the best tourist destinations in the world (DDC 2015).
The ward is full of dense forest. Humid subtropical climate exist here. It IIis a beautiful place
surrounded by mountains and known for its scenic views and outdoor activities such as
trekking, paragliding and adventure sports.
I aimed to describe the diversity of snakes in Hemja, 25 kaski district of western Nepal which
had good diversity of snake.
CHAPTER- 2
2.1 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The main objectives of the present study are:
1. Identifying and cataloging the different species of snakes present in a specific area or
region.
2. Identifying those that are venomous or nonvenomous.
3. Understanding the evolutionary history of snakes and their relationships to other
organisms.
4. Utilizing the knowledge obtained from the study to educate the public and raise awareness
about the importance of snake conservation.
2.2 METHODOLOGY
The study was done in different phases: