Supporting Information for:
Environmental Implication of Electric Vehicles in China
Hong Huo1, *, Qiang Zhang2, Michael Q. Wang3, David G. Streets4, Kebin He5,*
1
Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084,
China
2
Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
3
Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave,
Argonne, IL 60439
4
Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South
Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439
5
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control，
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing
100084, China
*Correspondence to: H. Huo (hhuo@tsinghua.edu.cn) or K. He (hekb@tsinghua.edu.cn).
5 pages, including 3 tables
Table S1 General specifications of coal used in power generation in China
Table S2 Sulfur content of coal used for power generation and FGD penetration in the six
regions in China in 2008
Table S3 Adjusted parameters in the GREET model and other key variables
Table S1 General specifications of coal used in power generation in China
Type of Coal
Low heating Value (GJ/metric ton) (1)
Carbon content (%) (1)
Proportion in power generation (%) (1,2)
Electrical transmission losses (%) (3)
CO2 emission factors of electricity (g
CO2/outlet-kWh)
a
: Weighted-average value
Anthracite coal
24.28
66.11
15
Bituminous coal
23.60
60.77
80
6.64a
1002a
Brown Coal
14.51
40.59
5
Table S2 Sulfur content of coal used for power generation and FGD penetration in the six
regions in China in 2008
Sulfur content (g/kg of coal)
FGD penetration (%)
(4)
(5)
Northeast
4.2
37.2
North
11.4
65.4
Central China
14.72
67.0
East China
11.66
67.4
Northwest China
9.57
43.0
Southern
12.62
57.7
Table S3 Adjusted parameters in the GREET model and other key variables
Share of coal-based electricity in grids
Northeast
North
Central China
East China
Northwest China
Southern
Low heating value of coal, GJ/metric ton
Carbon content of coal
SO2 removal efficiency of FGD
NOx emission factor of coal-based power plants w/o SCR, g/kg of coal
SCR removal efficiency
SCR penetration, %
Fuel economy of EVs, kWh/100km
Fuel economy of ICEVs, liters/100km
Fuel economy of HEVs, liters/100km
Carbon content of gasoline
Sulfur content of gasoline, ppm
Density of gasoline, kg/l
NOx emission factor of gasoline vehicles, g/km
2008
2030
94%
98%
87%
74%
78%
65%
23.24
60.6%
0.85
7.4
0-10
24
8
5.6
0.855
500
0.732
0.15
80%, 65%, and 50%
are analyzed according
to the projections by
international and
domestic institutes
23.24
60.6%
0.90
5.0
0.7-1.0
0-100
20
5.5
3.9
0.855
10
0.732
0.06
Literature Cited
(1) Office of the National Coordination Committee on Climate Change in China; Energy
Research Institute at National Development and Reform Commission in China. China
National Greenhouse Gas Inventory; China environment science press: Beijing, 2007.
(2) Zhang, Q.; Streets, D.G.; He, K.; Wang, Y.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J.; Uno, I.; Jang, C.;
Chen, D.; Yao, Z.; Lei, Y. NOx emission trends for China, 1995–2004: The view from
the ground and the view from space. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007, 112,
D22306, doi:10.1029/2007JD008684
(3) China State Electricity Regulatory Commission. Annual Report on Electricity
Regulatory 2007. 2007.
(4) Liu, B, Study on controlling of coal-sulfur based on life cycle approaches. Doctoral
thesis, Tsinghua University: Beijing, 1998
(5) Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Inventory of FGD Facilities in
Coal-Fired Power Plants by the End of 2008; China MEP: Beijing,
available at http://www.sepa.gov.cn/info/bgw/bgg/200906/t20090622_153007.htm.
accessed Dec 12, 2009