Supporting Information for: Environmental Implication of Electric Vehicles in China Hong Huo1, *, Qiang Zhang2, Michael Q. Wang3, David G. Streets4, Kebin He5,* 1 Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China 2 Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China 3 Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 4 Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 5 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China *Correspondence to: H. Huo (hhuo@tsinghua.edu.cn) or K. He (hekb@tsinghua.edu.cn). 5 pages, including 3 tables Table S1 General specifications of coal used in power generation in China Table S2 Sulfur content of coal used for power generation and FGD penetration in the six regions in China in 2008 Table S3 Adjusted parameters in the GREET model and other key variables Table S1 General specifications of coal used in power generation in China Type of Coal Low heating Value (GJ/metric ton) (1) Carbon content (%) (1) Proportion in power generation (%) (1,2) Electrical transmission losses (%) (3) CO2 emission factors of electricity (g CO2/outlet-kWh) a : Weighted-average value Anthracite coal 24.28 66.11 15 Bituminous coal 23.60 60.77 80 6.64a 1002a Brown Coal 14.51 40.59 5 Table S2 Sulfur content of coal used for power generation and FGD penetration in the six regions in China in 2008 Sulfur content (g/kg of coal) FGD penetration (%) (4) (5) Northeast 4.2 37.2 North 11.4 65.4 Central China 14.72 67.0 East China 11.66 67.4 Northwest China 9.57 43.0 Southern 12.62 57.7 Table S3 Adjusted parameters in the GREET model and other key variables Share of coal-based electricity in grids Northeast North Central China East China Northwest China Southern Low heating value of coal, GJ/metric ton Carbon content of coal SO2 removal efficiency of FGD NOx emission factor of coal-based power plants w/o SCR, g/kg of coal SCR removal efficiency SCR penetration, % Fuel economy of EVs, kWh/100km Fuel economy of ICEVs, liters/100km Fuel economy of HEVs, liters/100km Carbon content of gasoline Sulfur content of gasoline, ppm Density of gasoline, kg/l NOx emission factor of gasoline vehicles, g/km 2008 2030 94% 98% 87% 74% 78% 65% 23.24 60.6% 0.85 7.4 0-10 24 8 5.6 0.855 500 0.732 0.15 80%, 65%, and 50% are analyzed according to the projections by international and domestic institutes 23.24 60.6% 0.90 5.0 0.7-1.0 0-100 20 5.5 3.9 0.855 10 0.732 0.06 Literature Cited (1) Office of the National Coordination Committee on Climate Change in China; Energy Research Institute at National Development and Reform Commission in China. China National Greenhouse Gas Inventory; China environment science press: Beijing, 2007. (2) Zhang, Q.; Streets, D.G.; He, K.; Wang, Y.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J.; Uno, I.; Jang, C.; Chen, D.; Yao, Z.; Lei, Y. NOx emission trends for China, 1995–2004: The view from the ground and the view from space. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007, 112, D22306, doi:10.1029/2007JD008684 (3) China State Electricity Regulatory Commission. Annual Report on Electricity Regulatory 2007. 2007. (4) Liu, B, Study on controlling of coal-sulfur based on life cycle approaches. Doctoral thesis, Tsinghua University: Beijing, 1998 (5) Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Inventory of FGD Facilities in Coal-Fired Power Plants by the End of 2008; China MEP: Beijing, available at http://www.sepa.gov.cn/info/bgw/bgg/200906/t20090622_153007.htm. accessed Dec 12, 2009