Aristotle Teaching Young Alexander
In 343 BC, when Philip summoned Aristotle to tutor his son Alexander, a close seven-year
relationship started. Aristotle chose a temple to be the teaching place for its serenity and
beautiful natural surroundings.
The curriculum he devised was a mix of rhetoric, philosophy, politics, natural sciences, and
the arts. The method the teacher utilized was one based on interest and grounded in
observation and experience.
Their discussions ranged from the methods of government to the structure of plants and
animals. Aristotle wanted Alexander to think analytically and critically.
Teacher and student also talked about emotions. Discussing emotions was crucial to the
shaping of Alexander’s character because the young royal was impulsive and often
tempestuous.
Aristotle’s lessons in poetry, and especially Homer, inspired Alexander to develop the story
of the brave Achilles as the standard to which he would aspire. Hence, Alexander chose the
path of the moral hero, placing honour and self-restraint above all else.
Below is an example of a question Alexander allegedly posted:
O my excellent preceptor and just minister, I inform you that I have found in the land of
Persia men possessing sound judgement and powerful understanding, who are ambitious of
bearing rule. Hence I have decided to put them all to death. What is your opinion in this
matter?
Aristotle responded:
It is no use putting to death the men you have conquered; for their land will, by the laws of
nature, breed another generation which will be similar. The character of these men is
determined by the nature of the air of their country and the waters they habitually drink. The
best course for you is to accept them as they are, and to seek to accommodate them to your
concepts by winning them over through kindness.