CIE IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet (2023, 2024 and 2025 Syllabus)
Chapter 1: General Physics
distance (m)
time (s)
displacement
(m)
Average velocity (ms−1 ) =
time (s)
final velocity (ms −1 ) − initial velocity(ms−1 )
Acceleration (ms−2 ) =
time (s)
Weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (ms-2)
Earth’s gravitational field strength = 9.8 ms-2 (as of 2023)
Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (ms-2)
mass (kg)
Density (kgm−3 ) =
volume 3
Hooke’s law: Force (N) = constant (Nm-1) × extension (m)
Force (N)
Pressure(Pa) =
area (m2 )
Fluid Pressure (Pa) = density (kgm-3) × gravitational field strength (ms-2 or Nkg-1) ×
height (m)
Work (J) = force (N) × distance moved (m)
work (J)
Power (W) =
time (s)
Kinetic Energy (J) = ½ × mass (kg) × velocity2 (ms-1)
Gravitational potential energy (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (ms-2 or
Nkg-1) × height (m)
useful power output (W or J)
Efficiency (%) =
× 100%
total power input (W or J)
Moment (Nm) = Force (N) × perpendicular distance from pivot (m)
Sum of clockwise moments (Nm) = sum of anticlockwise moments (Nm)
Momentum (kgms-1) = mass (kg) × velocity (ms-1)
change in momentum (kgms −1 )
Impulsive Force (N) =
time (s)
Impulse (kgms-1 or Ns) = change in momentum (kgms-1)
Average speed (ms−1 ) =
Chapter 2: Thermal Physics
Boyle’s Law for changes in gas pressure at constant temperature :
pressure1 (Pa) × volume1 (m3) = pressure2 (Pa)× volume2 (m3)
Energy (J) = mass (kg) × specific heat capacity (Jkg-1°C-1) × temperature change (°C)
Celsius to Kelvin:
Temperature in Celsius (oC) = Temperature in Kelvin (K) - 273.15
Chapter 3: Waves
Wave speed (ms-1) = frequency (Hz) × wavelength (m)
1
Frequency (Hz) =
Period (s)
sine of the angle of incidence, i
Refractive index =
sine of the angle of refraction, r
speed of light in vacuum
Refractive index =
speed of light in material
1
Refractive index =
sine of critical angle
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𝑑
𝑡
𝑥
𝑣=
𝑡
𝑣−𝑢
𝑎=
𝑡
𝑠=
W = mg
F = ma
𝑚
𝑉
𝜌=
F = kx
𝐹
𝐴
𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
𝑃=
W = Fd
𝑃=
𝑊
𝑡
KE = ½mv2
GPE = mgh
𝜂=
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
× 100%
𝑃𝑖𝑛
M = Fd
F1d1 = F2d2
p = mv
𝐹=
𝛥𝑝
𝑡
𝛥𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑢
P1V1 = P2V2
Q = mcθ
C = K - 273.15
V = fλ
1
𝑇
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖
𝑛=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑟
𝑐
𝑛=
𝑣
1
𝑛=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐
𝐹=
Chapter 4: Electricity and Magnetism
charge (C)
Current (A) =
time (s)
energy transferred (J)
Voltage (V) =
charge (C)
Voltage (V) = current (A) × resistance (Ω)
Power (W) = current (A) × voltage (V)
Power (W) = current2 (A) × resistance (Ω)
Energy transferred (J) = current (A) × voltage (V) × time (s)
Energy transferred (J) = power (W) × time (s)
Resistors in series: Total Resistance (Ω) = sum of individual resistors (Ω)
Resistors in parallel:
1
1
=
total resistance (Ω) sum of individual resistors (Ω)
resistivity (Ωm) × length (m)
Resistance (Ω) =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎(m2 )
Wires have a circular cross section, area = π × radius2
Transformers:
voltage in secondary coil (V) turns on secondary coil
=
voltage in primary coil (V)
turns on primary coil
Transformers:
voltage in secondary coil (V) current in secondary coil (A)
=
voltage in primary coil (V)
current in primary coil (A)
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V = IR
P = IV
P = I2R
W = IVt
W = Pt
Rtotal = R1+R2+R3+…Rn
1
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
=
1
𝑅1
+
𝑅 =
1
𝑅2
1
+…𝑅
𝜌𝑙
𝐴
𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠
=
𝑉𝑝 𝑁𝑝
𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑠
=
𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑝
Chapter 5: Nuclear Physics
Alpha:
𝐴
𝐴−4
4
𝑍𝑋 → 𝑍−2𝑌 + 2𝐻𝑒
Beta:
0
𝐴
𝐴
𝑍𝑋 → 𝑍+1𝑌 + −1𝑒
Gamma
𝐴
𝐴
𝑍𝑋 → 𝑍𝑌 + 𝛾
Chapter 6: Space Physics
2
×
𝜋 × average radius of the orbit (m)
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 (ms −1 ) =
orbital period (s)
distance of a far galaxy (m)
1
=
speed away from us (m𝑠 −1 ) Hubble Constant (𝑠 −1 )
Hubble Constant is 2.2 × 10–18 s-1
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𝑄
𝑡
𝑊
𝑉=
𝑄
𝐼=
2𝜋𝑟
𝑇
𝑑
1
=
𝑣 𝐻0
𝑣=
𝑛