A
REPORT
ON
NEPAL AND CONSTRUCTION
SAFTEY ISSUE
SUBMITTED BY
AASIS PAUDEL BCE77005
ABHISHEK UPRETI BCE77007
AMARNATH CHAUDHARY BCE77015
HRIDESH PRASAD GUPTA BCE77037
SUBMITTED TO
ER.ISHWAR ADHIKARI,ASSOCIATE
PROFESSOR
1. Introduction
Construction is one of the fastest-growing industries in Nepal, playing a crucial role in the country’s
infrastructure development and economic growth. However, construction safety remains a significant
concern, as the sector faces numerous challenges related to poor enforcement of regulations, lack of
worker training, and unsafe working conditions. Despite having legal frameworks such as the Labour
Act 2017 and the Nepal National Building Code (NBC), workplace safety measures are often neglected,
leading to frequent accidents, injuries, and even fatalities. This project aims to explore the major
safety challenges in Nepal’s construction industry, analyze the factors contributing to workplace
hazards, and propose effective solutions to enhance safety standards. By addressing these issues,
Nepal can work toward a safer, more sustainable construction sector that prioritizes the well-being of
workers and the durability of infrastructure.
2. Objective
(a) Main objective.

To assess the existing structure of construction safety measures at construction site.
(b) Specific objective.





To identify present status of construction safety measures at construction site.
To evaluate the safety measure applied practically.
To analyze the accidents (fatalities/injuries) during construction.
Recommendation for best practices and policy for construction safety.
To aware on existing legal provision during and labour act.
3. Limitation of study
 Concerned authority does not want to tell about the fatal accident, they only tells
about the minor injury or accident.
 They don’t let us to see their supervisor book .
 They only allow us up to 7th floor beyond that they restricted us.
 Limited Availability of Data i.e they don’t have proper data of accident occur.
 The supervisor has limited time so, he tells us about all things in fast and short way.
4. Reasons of accidents
On the basis of our visit in site we find the following reason of accidents:
1. Lack of Safety Training and Awareness
= Many workers, especially daily wage laborers, are not trained in construction safety protocols. Lack
of awareness about personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe work practices increases risks.
2. Absence of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
= Many workers do not use helmets, gloves, safety harnesses, or boots due to lack of supply or
negligence.
3. Exposed of live wire with all device connected at one place.
Fig: Worker room
4. Use of Unskilled and Informal Labor.
=Many workers in the site are unskilled and learn on the job without proper guidance. Informal
laborers often work without contracts, making it harder to enforce safety standards.
5. Fatigue and Overwork.
=Long working hours without sufficient breaks lead to worker exhaustion and reduced alertness.
Fatigue-related mistakes increase accident risks.
Accident
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Lack of saftey
Absence of PPE
Electrocution
Unskilled and
informal labour
fatigue and overwork
Accident
5. Need for construction safety.
1. Protection of Workers’ Lives – Prevents injuries and fatalities by ensuring a safe working
environment.
2. Legal Compliance – Adheres to Nepal’s labor laws and building regulations, avoiding penalties and
legal issues.
3. Increased Productivity – Reduces downtime caused by accidents, improving overall project
efficiency.
4. Financial Protection – Minimizes costs related to medical expenses, compensation claims, and
project delays.
5. Quality and Sustainability – Ensures durable, high-quality construction and long-term structural
safety.
6. Data collection and analysis.
We collect the data form the site by directly asking to the site engineer, safety supervisor, labour who
are working at site.
On the basis of our questionnaires they give few information, so on the basis of gathered information
we have presented our data in theoretically, graphically and few by pie chart too.

Project description
=It’s a one of luxury residency, which is very close to the hotel crown imperial. It is located
at Ravi Bhawan.
In future it would look like this, after completion.

Safety measure taken and safety equipment.
=As per our supervision they have used about all safety measure like green net to protect
from fall. Proper scaffolding in stable ground with proper fasner of bolt .In case of safety
equipment many of them don’t have used the PPE kits,only few get chance to do so.

Responsible for safety.
=As per our supervision we got that all three person are responsible for safety. First
management who does not make proper availability of all PPE equipment, second site
engineer who came and do few survey and go for other and don’t care about the
worker,last but not least worker themselves are also responsible because they think
wearing PPE kits reduce their working speed.

Age group and gender of workers and litreracy at construction site.
PRECNTAGE
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
AGE (20-25)
AGE (25-35)
AGE (35-55)
PRECNTAGE
About 75 % of worker were male and 30% were about female.
About 60 % of worker were illiterate and 40% were about literate.

Type of work the labors do
labour work
BAR BENDER



ELECTRICIAN
HELPER
MASONS
DRIVER
OPERATIOR
While asking to the worker about that they have been provided by any information about
safety, many of told that they have got few knowledge form their site engineer.
There were no any provision award for who always follows safety protocol
Many of worker came from village, sincerely they told that they do not have any insurance
aggrement.
6.Recommendation and conclusion
Recommendation
1. Strict Regulation Enforcement: Strengthen the implementation of Nepal National Building Code
(NBC) and safety laws to ensure compliance.
2. Mandatory Safety Training: Conduct regular training programs for workers, engineers, and
supervisors on construction site safety.
3. Provision of PPE: Ensure all workers are equipped with and use personal protective equipment
(PPE) like helmets, gloves, and harnesses.
4. Regular Site Inspections: Increase government and independent audits to identify and rectify
safety violations.
5. Legal Accountability: Impose strict penalties on contractors and developers for negligence in
safety standards.
Conclusion
Nepal’s construction industry plays a vital role in national development but faces significant safety
challenges due to weak regulatory enforcement, lack of training, and inadequate use of safety
measures. Frequent accidents and fatalities highlight the urgent need for stricter safety policies and
better implementation of standards. By adopting comprehensive safety measures, promoting worker
training, and strengthening regulatory oversight, Nepal can significantly reduce construction-related
risks and build a safer working environment for all involved.