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Exposure: historical context-Owen was WW1 soldier, died a week before end of war<div>-Written after coldest war winter (1917)</div><div>-Initially worked in church, left as he felt it didn't care for its dependents</div><div>-Mentored by Siegfried Sassoon, at this time therapist advised him to write about experience in poems</div>
Exposure: literary context-Poem has many romantic characteristics (e.g. human suffering, power of nature) but subverts romanticism by showing dawn as an enemy<div>-Opening line echoing Keats' ode to a nightingale supports this</div>
Exposure: messages-Portray war as a crime against nature<div>-Question necessity of war</div><div>-Show that British public aren't ready for reality of war</div><div>-Suggest war creates nihilism</div><div>-Making us sympathise with soldiers</div>
Exposure: form-Consistent rhyme scheme echoes monotony of war<div>-Pararhymes make reader feel uneasy: uneasiness soldier feels waiting for death</div><div>-Each stanza anticlimaxes: nothing ever happens</div><div>-Appears rigid, falls apart on closer inspection, echoing war effort truly being directionless</div>
Exposure: structure"-Enjambement echoes unending nature of war<div>-Volta in stanza 5 flashes back to good memories, end when they feel rejected</div><div>-Ellipses echo boredom of soldiers</div><div>-Cyclical structure: nothing happens whole time<span style=""background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); color: var(--bs-body-color); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);"">&nbsp;</span></div>"
Exposure: power of memoriesKAMIKAZE:<div>-Memories of home causing soldiers to stay in / leave war</div><div>-Memories cause questioning/change in perspective</div><div>-Memories of nature cause soldiers to stay in / leave war</div>
Exposure: power of nature"<div><span style=""background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); color: var(--bs-body-color); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);"">STORM ON THE ISLAND</span></div><div><span style=""background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); color: var(--bs-body-color); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);"">-Soldiers are helpless against nature</span></div><div><span style=""background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); color: var(--bs-body-color); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);"">-Deceptiveness of nature</span></div><div><span style=""background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); color: var(--bs-body-color); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);"">-No new hope&nbsp;</span></div>"
Exposure: Effect of conflictBAYONET CHARGE<div>-Causes soldiers to abandon important things</div><div>-Effect of nature and soldiers on each other</div><div>-Causes questioning of why they are fighting</div>
Exposure: reality of conflictCHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE<div>-Monotonous vs lively</div><div>-Nature as enemy vs soldiers as enemy</div><div>-War is traumatising</div>
Exposure: loss/absencePOPPIES<div>-Loss of innocence</div><div>-Loss of faith in god vs hope god accompanies son</div><div>-Loss of families' love vs family desperate not to lose son</div>
Kamikaze: context"-In WW2, kamikaze pilots flying suicide missions were shunned if they refused<div>-Japanese culture = patriotic and honour-based: dishonour would stain your family</div><div>-From ""The invention of fireworks"": explores life + death in the natural world, and how humans are destructive to nature and themselves</div>"
Kamikaze: message-Show that a culture can abandon life + glorify death<div>-Show the effects of war on those who participate</div><div>-Show time can heal, and generations can form new perspectives</div><div>-Portray negative effect of patriotism/the 'warrior's sacrifice'</div>
Kamikaze: form-Free verse echoes pilot's chaotic mind and freedom to turn back<div>-7 regular stanzas echo control military have over him</div>
Kamikaze: structure-Enjambement in first 5 stanzas, makes decision on full stop in stanza 5<div><div>-Lack of punctuation echoes his lack of control/the lack of the government's power to control him</div></div><div>-3rd person shows distance between daughter and father, and that father doesn't have voice</div>
Kamikaze: power of natureEXPOSURE:<div>-no new hope vs new hope in nature</div><div>-unpredictability of nature</div><div>-nature causes soldiers to turn back vs keeps them fighting</div>
Kamikaze: loss and absenceEXPOSURE:<div>-loss of will to live</div><div>-family expect to lose soldier(s)</div><div>-loss of innocence</div>
Kamikaze: memoryEXPOSURE:<div>-memories of home cause them to stay in war vs make them turn back</div><div>-memories of nature cause them to stay vs turn back</div><div>-memories cause questioning/change in perspective</div>
Kamikaze: identityCOTLB:<div>-focus on individual identity vs army identity</div><div>-brainwashed by propaganda promoting national identity</div><div>-celebrated for national identity vs resented for betraying it</div>
War photographer: context-Published 10 years after end of vietnam war, references image of child being attacked with napalm. Shocked public response to this contrasts with modern day indifference to war photographers<div>-Duffy = poet laureate, 2009-19, friends with 2 famous war photographers</div>
War photographer: message-Explore the effect of war on those reporting on it<div>-Accuse readership of indifference to foreign suffering</div><div>-Suggest that war is inevitable + a feature of humanity</div><div>-Question the role of media in preventing/perpetuating war</div>
War photographer: form-Rigid form + regular rhyme scheme: photographer can't change anything as audience can't change. May reflect him trying to control his thoughts
War photographer: structure-3rd person: photographer is under scrutiny<div>-fragmented sentences echo his mind flashing between war locations</div><div>-iambic pentameter used, but deviated from on lines to give them more effect</div><div>-cyclical structure: his work hasn't changed anything</div>
War photographer: reality of conflictREMAINS<br>-Soldiers all blending into one vs vividly remembering individuals<br>-can't detach their minds from reality<br>-severity of death on the battlefield
War photographer: memoryREMAINS:<br>-Haunted by memory<br>-Doesn't remember individuals vs remembers individuals<br>-war as insignificant vs significant memory
War photographer: guiltREMAINS<br>-PTSD<br>-haunted by guilt<br>-turning to religion vs drugs to cope
Storm on the island: context-From 'death of a naturalist' about aran islands, which symbolise irish culture<br>-Northern Irish poet, catholic born under protestant rule<br>-Title spells stormont (NI parliament)
Storm on the island: messages-Questioning if conflict is natural<br>-Suggest that the causes of conflict are baseless<br>-Encourage readers to stand up against conflict<br>-Show mankind is small compared to power of nature
Storm on the island: form+structure-Blank verse commonly subverted for emphasis (commonly used by English)<br>-Structured as island of words, holds its shape despite being bent out of shape (enjamb, caesurae)<br>-Enjambement parallels continuous nature of storm
Storm on the island: power of natureEXPOSURE:<br>-Helpless against nature<br>-Deceptiveness of nature<br>-No new hope in nature
Poppies: context"-Jane Weir lived in NI during troubles. Textiles designer.<br>-Part of ""Exit wounds"" commissioned by CAD about British afghanistan/iraq war soldiers"
Poppies: message-Explore how the patriarchy defines a woman's role<br>-How patriarchy breeds overconfident men<br>-Explore the consequences of war on women<br>-Explore the importance of memory
Poppies: form-Dramatic monologue: speaker desribes thoughts/feelings, makes it seem more personal<br>-2nd person makes it feel more personal, but no response indicates son's death
Poppies: structure-Free verse: outpouring of emotion/lack of control<br>-Enjambement: fragmented memories; natural speech
Poppies: loss/absenceEXPOSURE:<br>-loss of innocence<br>-loss of faith in god vs hope god accompanies him<br>-Family expect to lose soldiers vs desperate to not lose him
Poppies: fearBAYONET CHARGE<br>-Fear taking control of body<br>-Fear of the unknown<br>-Trying to escape what they fear
Remains: context"-Armitage = poet laureate from 2019<br>-From ""not dead collection"", focusing on real experiences of interviewing iraq war soldiers.<br>-Helped raise public awareness and change opinion on war"
Remains: messages-Expose war's effect on individuals participating<br>-Make a political point that soldiers aren't looked after<br>-Make a political point that one culture can't impose itself on another<br>-Change public opinion on war
Remains: structure and form-In media res: this is just 'another occasion'<br>-Pronoun we changes to my as he takes responsibility<br>-Enjambement = no control/no end to suffering<br>-Structure appears ordered but knocked out of place half rhymes = seems fine, isn't inside.<br>-All present tense: can't move on
Remains: effects of conflictWAR PHOTOGRAPHER:<br>-soldiers all blending into one vs remembers each soldier<br>-Can't detach themselves from reality of war<br>-Severity of suffering on battlefield
Remains: memoryWAR PHOTOGRAPHER:<br>-Haunted by memory<br>-remembers vs doesn't remember individuals<br>-significant vs insignificant memory
Remains: guiltWAR PHOTOGRAPHER:<br>-haunted by guilt<br>-PTSD<br>-Turning to drugs vs religion to cope
COTLB: context-Tennyson was poet laureate, so duty bound to glorify war (though may have secretly opposed it)<br>-British public saw crimean war as unnecessary
COTLB: message-Support patriotic propaganda (death as a noble sacrifice)<br>-To hint at crimean war being wrong<br>-To be memorable and read aloud in celebration of heroism
COTLB: form-Ballad form: story for future generations to hear<br>-Dactylic dimeter echoes horses' running, often seen as lighthearted (satirical)<br>-Rhyming couplets create sense of inevitabilty, interrupted by chaotic irregular rhymes
COTLB: structure-In media res establishes a tense atmosphere<br>-Repetition, enjambement, caesura quicken pace of poem
COTLB: reality of conflictEXPOSURE:<br>-Lively vs monotonous<br>-nature as enemy vs opposition as enemy<br>-Traumatising
COTLB: identityKAMIKAZE:<br>-Soldiers all blend into one vs individual focus<br>-Brainwashed by propaganda promoting national identity<br>-Celebrated for national identity vs resented for betraying it
Bayonet charge: context"-Hughes grew up in post-war yorkshire, father told him stories of war<br>-From ""The hawk in the rain"", focuses on symbolic lives of animals<br>-Greatly inspired by wilfred owen<br>-Studied mythology at university"
Bayonet charge: messages-Question patriotism as justification for war<br>-Portray war as a crime against nature<br>-Hint at after effects of war on survivors<br>-Portray war as dehumanising to protest against it
bayonet charge: form and structure-3rd person isolates the soldier<br>-in media res echo soldiers surprise and unpreparedness<br>-Free verse + enjambement quickens pace + shows how it seems overwhelming<br>-Caesura + slow 2nd stanza force reader to pause and think about war
Bayonet charge: reality of conflictEXPOSURE:<br>-monotonous vs full of action<br>-Nature as enemy vs as victim<br>-Traumatising
Bayonet charge: fearPOPPIES:<br>-fear taking control of body<br>-fear of the unknown<br>-trying to escape what they fear
Bayonet charge: effects of conflictEXPOSURE:<br>-Abandonment of god/patriotism<br>-Soldier effect on nature vs nature effect on soldiers<br>-Questioning
COTLB: effects of conflictEXPOSURE:<br>-traumatises soldiers<br>-causes questioning&nbsp;<br>-unnecessary death
Bayonet charge: individual experiencesWAR PHOTOGRAPHER<br>-Distanced from people in war<br>-Feels he isn't cared about<br>-Traumatised
Poppies: identityKAMIKAZE:<br>-Establishes family identity as son/father<br>-New identity as soldier disrupts family identity<br>-Clinging on to family identity vs losing family identity<br>
Poppies: memoryWAR PHOTOGRAPHER:<br>-Vivid, sensory memories<br>-fragmented memory<br>-personal memories vs distant memories
War photographer: individual experiencesBAYONET CHARGE<br>-Distanced from people in war<br>-Feels he isn't cared about<br>-Traumatised
Storm on the island: fearBAYONET CHARGE:<br>-Fear dominating everything<br>-Fear of the unknown<br>-Trying to escape what they fear vs inability to
War photographer: effects of conflictREMAINS<br>-Causes PTSD<br>-Effect on foreign countries<br>-Causes lack of individuality
Kamikaze: effects of conflictEXPOSURE<br>-Abandonment by families<br>-Loss of will to live<br>-Traumatising
Poppies: effect of conflictEXPOSURE<br>-Abandoning god vs turning to god<br>-Loss of innocence<br>-Families abandon them vs families want them back
Remains: individual experiencesKAMIKAZE:<br>-Traumatised<br>-Feel responsible for death vs responsible to continue family<br>-internal conflict
Kamikaze: individual experiencesREMAINS:<br>-Traumatised<br>-Feel responsible for death vs responsible to continue family<br>-internal conflict
Poppies: individual experiencesREMAINS:<br>-feels responsible for son leaving vs for death<br>-struggle to let son vs memories go<br>-Internal conflict