1. TYPES AND COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
1.1.1 HARDWARE
pages 2-4 & 7-10
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Define hardware.
 Differentiate internal and external hardware.
 Identify examples of external hardware.
 Discuss the parts of internal hardware.
Basic Component of
Computer System
COMPUTER
• machines that helps us perform tasks efficiently
• involved in manipulation of data
HARDWARE
• physical/ tangible components of a computer system
Categories of Hardware
 Internal Hardware
 External Hardware
INTERNAL HARDWARE
• devices that are connected to your computer's motherboard or
built-in to the motherboard or added to an expansion card
INTERNAL HARDWARE
Motherboard
Central Processing
Unit (CPU) /
processor
Graphics Card
Random Access
Memory (RAM)
INTERNAL COMPUTER
HARDWARE
Sound Card
Read-only Memory
(ROM)
Network Interface
Card (NIC)
Internal Hard Disk
Drive (HDD) /
Solid-State Drive
(SSD)
MOTHERBOARD
MOTHERBOARD
• printed circuit board which allows the processor and other
computer hardware to function and communicate with each
other
• act as a kind of hub which connects other computer devices
• consists of a sheet of non-conductive material, such as hard
plastic and thin layers of copper or aluminum are printed onto
the sheet
• form the circuits between the various components
• contains several sockets and slots to connect other components
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) /
PROCESSOR
• part of computer that interprets and executes
commands from the hardware and software
• made up of discrete components and numerous
small integrated circuits
• CPU is now referred also as microprocessor and
could be found also in many household devices and
equipment where some control or monitoring is
needed
• CPU determines the speed of a computer, performs
all the major function of a computer
• CPU speed is measured in Gigahertz (Ghz)
• CPU is directly into a CPU socket, pin side down on
the motherboard
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) /
PROCESSOR
Two Main Components of CPU
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – where arithmetic and logical
operations are carried out
2. Control Unit (CU) – takes instructions the decodes and executes
the instructions
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
• internal chip where data is temporarily
stored when running applications
• memory that can be written to and read
from
• contents are lost when the power of
computer is turned off
• often referred to as a volatile or
temporary memory
• stores the data, files or part of the
operating system currently in use
READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
• used to store information that needs to be permanent
• used to contain configuration data for a computer system
• content cannot be altered and can only be read from
• main advantage is that the information stored on the ROM chip
is not lost even when power is turned off
• used to store BIOS and other data needed at start up
• often referred to as non-volatile
RAM VS. ROM
RAM
ROM
Temporary memory device
Permanent memory device
Volatile memory
Non-volatile memory device
Can be written to and read from
Read-only, data stored cannot be altered
Uses to store data, files, program, part of IS
that is currently in use
Can be increased in size to improve
operational speed of a computer
Used to store BIOS and other data needed at
the start up
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
 component that allows a
computer or any other device
to be connected to a network
 can be wired or wireless
 hard-coded with unique MAC
(Media Access Control)
address code (refer to Chapter
4)
BACKING STORAGE
 use to permanently store large amounts of data
 not directly accessible by the CPU
 computer’s main internal storage where application software, operating
system and files are stored
 HDD – Hard Disk Drive
 magnetic in nature
 SSD – Solid State Drive
 newer storage system
INTERNAL MEMORY VS. BACKING
STORAGE
INTERNAL MEMORY
BACKING STORAGE
RAM contents are lost when the computer is Hold their contents permanently even when
powered off; ROM contents are readable only. powered down.
RAM and ROM are smaller memories than
backing storage
Larger capacity to store data
Access time is faster
Slower data access time than internal memory
More expensive per byte
Cheaper per byte
Fixed inside the computer
Can either be fixed or removable
Can be directly read by the CPU
Data must first be moved into RAM before CPU
can read it; Not directly addressable by the CPU
SOUND CARD
 integrated circuit board that provides a
computer with the ability to produce
sounds
 allows also the user to record sound
input from a microphone connected to
the computer, and manipulate sound
stored on a disk
GRAPHICS CARD
 allows the computer to send
graphical information to a video
display device such as monitor,
television, or projector
 it is made up of: processing unit
(RAM), cooling mechanism
(heatsink), connections to a
display unit (monitor, TV,
projector)
EXTERNAL HARDWARE
• devices that are outside the system unit also called as
peripherals
• external hardware will be discussed in details in Chapter 2
INPUT, OUTPUT AND DATA STORAGE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
INPUT VS. OUTPUT DEVICES
INPUT DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
An input device is any hardware device that allows
a user to enter data or instructions into a
computer directly
An output device is any hardware that takes the
output data from a computer and puts it into a
human-readable format or uses it to control
another device.
Can send data but cannot receive data from
another device.
Capable of receiving data from another device to
generate an output, but cannot send.
Necessary for computers to receive commands
from its users and data to process; devices are
under the control of the user or can be direct data
entry.
Output devices are needed by a computer so it can
share the results of its processing with a human;
under control of the computer.
Can be fairly complicated because they have to
ensure that the user can interact with the
computer correctly.
Less complex because they only have to turn the
computer signals into an output.
Answer theory
workbook question#1af, 3, 10abc on pages 4, 5,
11.
4mins
Pair with your
seatmates, and
discuss your
answers.
2MINS
Volunteers will be
called to answer
the questions
INSTRUCTIONS:
 Form 5 groups.
 Assign roles for every member of the group:
 Leader – over-all coordinator of the group
 Scribe – one who writes the output of the group
 Speaker – one who will present the output
 Time-keeper - one who makes sure to update the group the remaining
time
 Noise controller –makes sure no one within the group makes unnecessary
noise
GROUP ACTIVITY
Investigate what are the different hardware that are
present on the office assigned to you. Classify whether
they are internal hardware or external hardware, and
whether they are input device or output device.
Group 1:
Group 2:
Group 3:
Group 4:
Group 5:
Be ready to share your what you found out!
20mins
31
I CARE WHY?
Explain the importance of
hardware.