1. TYPES AND COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM 1.1.1 HARDWARE pages 2-4 & 7-10 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Define hardware. Differentiate internal and external hardware. Identify examples of external hardware. Discuss the parts of internal hardware. Basic Component of Computer System COMPUTER • machines that helps us perform tasks efficiently • involved in manipulation of data HARDWARE • physical/ tangible components of a computer system Categories of Hardware Internal Hardware External Hardware INTERNAL HARDWARE • devices that are connected to your computer's motherboard or built-in to the motherboard or added to an expansion card INTERNAL HARDWARE Motherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) / processor Graphics Card Random Access Memory (RAM) INTERNAL COMPUTER HARDWARE Sound Card Read-only Memory (ROM) Network Interface Card (NIC) Internal Hard Disk Drive (HDD) / Solid-State Drive (SSD) MOTHERBOARD MOTHERBOARD • printed circuit board which allows the processor and other computer hardware to function and communicate with each other • act as a kind of hub which connects other computer devices • consists of a sheet of non-conductive material, such as hard plastic and thin layers of copper or aluminum are printed onto the sheet • form the circuits between the various components • contains several sockets and slots to connect other components CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) / PROCESSOR • part of computer that interprets and executes commands from the hardware and software • made up of discrete components and numerous small integrated circuits • CPU is now referred also as microprocessor and could be found also in many household devices and equipment where some control or monitoring is needed • CPU determines the speed of a computer, performs all the major function of a computer • CPU speed is measured in Gigahertz (Ghz) • CPU is directly into a CPU socket, pin side down on the motherboard CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) / PROCESSOR Two Main Components of CPU 1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – where arithmetic and logical operations are carried out 2. Control Unit (CU) – takes instructions the decodes and executes the instructions RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) • internal chip where data is temporarily stored when running applications • memory that can be written to and read from • contents are lost when the power of computer is turned off • often referred to as a volatile or temporary memory • stores the data, files or part of the operating system currently in use READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM) • used to store information that needs to be permanent • used to contain configuration data for a computer system • content cannot be altered and can only be read from • main advantage is that the information stored on the ROM chip is not lost even when power is turned off • used to store BIOS and other data needed at start up • often referred to as non-volatile RAM VS. ROM RAM ROM Temporary memory device Permanent memory device Volatile memory Non-volatile memory device Can be written to and read from Read-only, data stored cannot be altered Uses to store data, files, program, part of IS that is currently in use Can be increased in size to improve operational speed of a computer Used to store BIOS and other data needed at the start up NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) component that allows a computer or any other device to be connected to a network can be wired or wireless hard-coded with unique MAC (Media Access Control) address code (refer to Chapter 4) BACKING STORAGE use to permanently store large amounts of data not directly accessible by the CPU computer’s main internal storage where application software, operating system and files are stored HDD – Hard Disk Drive magnetic in nature SSD – Solid State Drive newer storage system INTERNAL MEMORY VS. BACKING STORAGE INTERNAL MEMORY BACKING STORAGE RAM contents are lost when the computer is Hold their contents permanently even when powered off; ROM contents are readable only. powered down. RAM and ROM are smaller memories than backing storage Larger capacity to store data Access time is faster Slower data access time than internal memory More expensive per byte Cheaper per byte Fixed inside the computer Can either be fixed or removable Can be directly read by the CPU Data must first be moved into RAM before CPU can read it; Not directly addressable by the CPU SOUND CARD integrated circuit board that provides a computer with the ability to produce sounds allows also the user to record sound input from a microphone connected to the computer, and manipulate sound stored on a disk GRAPHICS CARD allows the computer to send graphical information to a video display device such as monitor, television, or projector it is made up of: processing unit (RAM), cooling mechanism (heatsink), connections to a display unit (monitor, TV, projector) EXTERNAL HARDWARE • devices that are outside the system unit also called as peripherals • external hardware will be discussed in details in Chapter 2 INPUT, OUTPUT AND DATA STORAGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES INPUT VS. OUTPUT DEVICES INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES An input device is any hardware device that allows a user to enter data or instructions into a computer directly An output device is any hardware that takes the output data from a computer and puts it into a human-readable format or uses it to control another device. Can send data but cannot receive data from another device. Capable of receiving data from another device to generate an output, but cannot send. Necessary for computers to receive commands from its users and data to process; devices are under the control of the user or can be direct data entry. Output devices are needed by a computer so it can share the results of its processing with a human; under control of the computer. Can be fairly complicated because they have to ensure that the user can interact with the computer correctly. Less complex because they only have to turn the computer signals into an output. Answer theory workbook question#1af, 3, 10abc on pages 4, 5, 11. 4mins Pair with your seatmates, and discuss your answers. 2MINS Volunteers will be called to answer the questions INSTRUCTIONS: Form 5 groups. Assign roles for every member of the group: Leader – over-all coordinator of the group Scribe – one who writes the output of the group Speaker – one who will present the output Time-keeper - one who makes sure to update the group the remaining time Noise controller –makes sure no one within the group makes unnecessary noise GROUP ACTIVITY Investigate what are the different hardware that are present on the office assigned to you. Classify whether they are internal hardware or external hardware, and whether they are input device or output device. Group 1: Group 2: Group 3: Group 4: Group 5: Be ready to share your what you found out! 20mins 31 I CARE WHY? Explain the importance of hardware.