APPLICATION OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
“TISSUE CULTURE:REVOLUTIONIZING PLANT PROPAGATION AND
BIOTECHNOLOGY”
Asexual reproduction
Definition:
Asexual reproduction is the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one
parent. *bio notes
Examples of asexual reproduction in plants:
1.Spores formation:
Sporogenesis is the production of spores in biology. The term is also used to refer to the process of
reproduction via spores. Reproductive spores were found to be formed in eukaryotic organisms, such as plants,
algae and fungi, during their normal reproductive life cycle. Dormant spores are formed, for example by certain
fungi and algae, primarily in response to unfavorable growing conditions. Most eukaryotic spores are haploid
and form through cell division, though some types are diploids and form through cell fusion. This type of
reproduction can also be called single pollination. *wikipedia
2.Budding:
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to
cell division at one particular site. For example, the small bulb-like projection coming out from the yeast cell is
known as a bud. Since the reproduction is asexual, the newly created organism is a cloneand, excepting
mutations, is genetically identical to the parent organism. Organisms such as hydra use regenerative cells for
reproduction in the process of budding. *wikipedia
3.Binary fission
Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to
separate entities resembling the original. The object experiencing fission is usually a cell, but the term may also
refer to how organisms, bodies, populations, or species split into discrete parts.[1][2][3] The fission may be
binary fission, in which a single organism produces two parts, or multiplefission, in which a single entity
produces multiple parts.
One way for plant propagation is through vegetative propagation:
Plant propagation is the process of plant reproduction of a species or cultivar, and it can be sexual or asexual. It
can happen through the use of vegetative parts of the plants, such as leaves, stems, and roots to produce new
plants or through growth from specialized vegetative plant parts*wikipedia
Vegetative propagation can be done in two ways:
(1) Natural vegetative propagation.
(2) Artificial vegetative propagation.
definition of “natural vegetative propagation” :
Plant propagation is the process of increasing the number of plants of a particular species or cultivar.
Propagation can be via sexual or asexual means. Over the years, horticulturalists have developed asexual
propagation methods that use vegetative plant parts. This allows plants to be created in ways that nature
cannot duplicate. *google
definition of “artificial vegetative propagation” :
In this, a part of a plant, specially a stem or leave is cut and planted in the soil. these cuttings are sometimes
treated with hormones to induce root development . The new plant is formed from the adventitious roots
developing from the cuttings. *google
(1) cuttings:
A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation. A piece of
the stem or root of the source plant is placed in a suitable medium such as moist soil. If the conditions are
suitable, the plant piece will begin to grow as a new plant independent of the parent, a process known as
striking. A stem cutting produces new roots, and a root cutting produces new stems. Some plants can be grown
from leaf pieces, called leaf cuttings, which produce both stems and roots. The scions used in grafting are also
called cuttings.*wikipedia
(2) marcotting:
Marcotting is stimulating root development, while plant is still attached to the parent plant, until it can survive
independently.*bio notes
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering
sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services.[1]
Specialists in the field are known as biotechnologists.*wikipedia