0THEORY (2) FINAL EXAM (1/3 each subject……(1) Math, (2) Science, & (3) Drawing Interpretation
1….A change in direction for a pipe line is accomplished by an OFFSET. (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4,
pg. 65 #1) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
2….The most commonly used fittings to utilize when making an offset in piping systems are 90 degrees
and less. (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 65 #1) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
3….In a basic 90 degree offset, the (2) terms used to describe that particular function are OFFSET &
TRAVEL. (Related Mathematics- Chp. 4, pg. 65 #2) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
4….What are the (3) terms describing the functions of an offset that is less than 90 degrees? (1) TRAVEL
, (2) OFFSET , & (3) ADVANCE (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 65, #3 & 66, #4) Multiple Choice or Fill
In The Blank
5….A CONSTANT is a fixed value. (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 67, #8) Multiple Choice or Fill In
The Blank
6….Identify the fittings to be used with the following (right triangle) formula. (OFFSET = ADVANCE) &
(TRAVEL = OFFSET or ADVANCE X 1.414) 45 DEGREES ELL OR EIGHTH (1/8) BEND. (Related
Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 66 #7) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
7….Identify the fittings to be used with the following (right triangle) formula. (TRAVEL = OFFSET X 2.61)
22 ½ DEGREES OR SIXTEENTH (1/16) BEND. (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 66 #7) Multiple Choice
or Fill In The Blank
8….Any offset problem having (2) known factors can be computed by the formula TRAVEL² = ADVANCE²
+ OFFSET² OR T² = A² + O². (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 67, #10) Multiple Choice or Fill In The
Blank
9….Technically, an isometric drawing or sketch is just a 3 dimensional view used in the design area of
the PLUMBING trade. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 3, pg. 49) Multiple Choice or Fill In
The Blank
10….The textbook definition of an isometric drawing is……….the representation of an object in equal
length projection. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 5, pg. 49) Multiple Choice or Fill In The
Blank
11….Name (5) elements from the periodic table commonly utilized in the PLUMBING industry. (Related
Science – Chp. 1, pg. 7)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
12….Identify the chemical symbol assigned to each of the elements listed in the answer for #11. (Related
Science – Chp. 1, pg. 7)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
13….Elements on the period table are in order from their atomic number. The atomic number is the
number listed above the chemical symbol. (Related Science – Chp. 1, pg. 7) Multiple Choice or Fill In The
Blank
14….Below chemical symbol is the atomic weight of the element. The atomic weight of an element is
based on the total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. (Related Science – Chp. 1,
pg. 7) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
15….Any number that is less than zero (0) is a negative number. A negative number means something is
lacking. (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 87, #99) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
16….Which statement does not belong when solving any piping problem: (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4,
pg. 72, #38) Multiple Choice
(A) Use all of the given information.
(B) Make an intelligent observation of the problem.
(C) Make accurate computations.
(D) Ensure only whole number answers are provided.
17….Compound offsets are usually referred to in the pipe trades as rolling offsets. (Related Mathematics
– Chp. 4, pg. 79, #65) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
18….The formula for computing a rolling offset when using 90 degree fittings is (T) TRAVEL = √A²+O².
(Related Mathematics – Chp. 4, pg. 80, #69) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
19….A true isometric drawing is one whose (3) major dimensions (length, width, & height) or axes are
120 degrees apart. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 5, pg. 49) Multiple Choice or Fill In
The Blank
20….PITTING corrosion, which forms deep pits in a metal, is the result of the localized breakdown of a
protective film or layer of corrosion products. (Related Science – Chp. 5, pg. 141) Multiple Choice or Fill
In The Blank
21….In an isometric drawing, any isometric line (extension or parallel to a major axis) can be accurately
drawn to scale. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 5, pg. 50)
22….The drawing showing the projection of a building on a vertical plane is called an ELEVATION
drawing. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading – GLOSSARY, G-2) Fill In The Blank
23….List (4) types of synthetic piping materials that can be used in DWV and/ or water distribution
piping systems. (Related Science – Chp. 4, pg. 112) Fill In The Blank
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
24….Riser diagrams are required to be drawn to scale. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan
Reading - Chp. 6, pg. 102)
25….A RIGHT triangle is a Geometric shape that is the basis for all offset pipe measurements. The angle
opposite the travel will always be 90 degrees. (Related Mathematics - Chp.3, pg. 57 #51) Fill In The
Blank
26….The measure of the quantity of matter which a body contains is called its MASS. (Related Science –
Chp. 1, pg. 1) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
27….There is actually a difference between the mass of an object & its weight. TRUE or FALSE (Related
Science – Chp. 1, pg. 2)
28….The part of an exterior masonry (or other approved wall building material) wall that extends above
the roof is called a PARAPET wall. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading – GLOSSARY, G-5) Fill In The
Blank
29….Identify the fittings to be used with the following (right triangle) formula. (TRAVEL = OFFSET X
5.13) 11 ¼ DEGREES OR THIRTYSECONDTH (1/32) BEND. (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 66 #7)
Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
30….Which of the following is not (1) of the (6) basic classes of simple machines: (Related Science – Chp.
3, pg. 96) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
(A) Screw
(B) Diesel Engine
(C) Wheel & Axle
(D) Pulley
31….Identify the fittings to be used with the following (right triangle) formula. (TRAVEL = OFFSET X
1.155) 60 DEGREES OR SIXTH (1/6) BEND. (Related Mathematics - Chp. 4, pg. 66 #7) Multiple Choice or
Fill In The Blank
32….A chamber or space or space forming a part of an air conditioning system is called a PLENUM.
Combustible materials, such as PVC and ABS are prohibited to be installed within a return air PLENUM in
building codes. Meaning if there was a fire, the A/C system would not circulate the carcinogenic fumes
and smoke caused when plastic piping materials burn. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading –
GLOSSARY, G-5) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
33….STRESS corrosion cracking results from placing highly stressed parts in corrosive environments.
(Related Science – Chp. 5, pg. 141) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
34….The exact elevation of a permanent benchmark is measured in its relation to SEA LEVEL. (Related
Mathematics – Chp.6, pg. 138, #65) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
35….Any vertical line of soil, waste, or vent piping is defined as a STACK. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan
Reading – GLOSSARY, G-6) Fill In The Blank
36….What are the (3) basic kinds of corrosion? (1) CHEMICAL, (2) PHYSICAL, (3) ELECTROCHEMICAL
(Related Science – Chp. 5, pg. 139) Fill In The Blank
37….Match the following examples of corrosion with the (3) basic kinds listed in #36 above: (1)
CORROSION EROSION PHYSICAL, (2) GALVANIC CORROSION ELECTROCHEMICAL, (3) ACIDIC DECAY
CHEMICAL (Related Science – Chp. 5, pg. 139) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
38….A SLEEVE must be installed prior to the installation or pouring of a grade beam if the elevation and
location of underground piping is such that it must pass through said grade beam. (Drawing
Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 6, pg. 101) Fill In The Blank
39….The most important factor in selecting an instrument location is having an unobstructed view of the
benchmark. TRUE or FALSE (Related Mathematics – Chp.6, pg. 139, #69)
40….The recessed area in the inner face of a masonry wall that provides space for piping, fixture carriers,
& duct is called a CHASE. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading – GLOSSARY, G-2) Fill In The Blank
41….An ALLOY is a material or substance made up of (2) or more elements, at least (1) of which is a
metal. (Related Science – Chp. 4, pg. 111) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
42….Which (1) of the following types of piping materials is not an alloy: (Related Science – Chp.4, pg.
111) Multiple Choice
(A) Brass
(B) Stainless Steel
(C) Copper
(D) Silicon Iron
43….Identify the type of instrument utilized when finding a benchmark elevation point prior to
excavation. COMBINATION TRANSIT & LEVEL or TRANSIT LEVEL (Related Mathematics – Chp. 6, pg. 114,
#5) Fill In The Blank
44….The deepest level below grade to which frost penetrates in a geographic area is called the FROST
LINE. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading – GLOSSARY, G-3) Fill In The Blank
45….The pressure exerted by a liquid is directly proportional to its DENSITY. (Related Science, Chp. 2,
pg. 44) Multiple Choice Or Fill In The Blank
46….On very small jobs the PLUMBING, MECHANICAL, & ARCHITECTURAL features and details are
sometimes all combined on (1) drawing due to the minimal amount of proposed work. These plans are
usually reviewed through (1) Stop Plan Review and approved “Subject To Field Inspection”. TRUE or
FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 6, pg. 102)
47….Identify the formula to find PERCENT GRADE. There are only (2) factors required to find PERCENT
GRADE. The Uniform PLUMBING Code currently requests all sanitary waste and drain piping to be
installed @ 2% grade, but 4” and above can be installed @ 1% if routing plans encounter elevational
dilemmas. 3” and below shall be installed @ 2% without exception. PERCENT (%) GRADE = TOTAL FALL/
DISTANCE (Related Mathematics - Chp.3, pg. 54 #37) Fill In The Blank
48….Which (1) of the following is not an elemental characteristic of metal: (Related Science – Chp. 4, pg.
111) Multiple Choice
(A) Expands when heated
(B) Conductor of heat and electricity
(C) Only exists as a solid & a liquid
(D) Reflects when polished
49….In your own words describe or define what an INVERT ELEVATION is and the importance of finding
or establishing an invert elevation when not provided on the plans. ESTABLISHING B.O.P. & FLOWLINES
REQUIRED WHEN INSTALLING GROUNDWORK TO HAVE A CLEAR ROUTE PATH & MAKING CORRECT
UTILITY CONNECTIONS OR ESTABLISHING A POINT OF CONNECTION FOR THE UTILITY CONTRACTOR TO
TIE INTO WHEN THEY ARE NOT KEEPING UP WITH THE PLUMBING CONTRACTOR. (Related
Mathematics – Chp.6, pg. 111, intro & GLOSSARY, pg. 185) EXPLAINATION ANSWER
50….The PLUMBING SPECIFICATIONS for a given structure will specify the types of piping materials to be
utilized for each system, the approved fixtures selected to be installed, type of equipment to be set and
connected, and all other PLUMBING related items design specific to the project. (Drawing Interpretation
& Plan Reading - Chp. 6, pg. 102) Fill In The Blank
51….MATTER may be defined as anything which has weight (mass) and occupies space or has a
measurable volume. (Related Science – Chp. 1, pg. 1) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
52….Matter can exist in (3) physical states; SOLID, LIQUID, & GASEOUS (VAPOR) state. The last (2) are
sometimes referred to as fluids. (Related Science – Chp. 1, pg. 1) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
53….Detail drawings take precedence over other building plan drawings due to the specific details
provided and attention to dimensions and construction. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan
Reading - Chp. 6, pg. 101)
54….Most ARCHITECTURAL dimensions are laid out to the ROUGH wall, meaning prior to the specified
finish specified for that wall. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 6, pg. 100) Multiple Choice
or Fill In The Blank
55….Identify (2) types of finished wall materials that will have measurements added to the rough wall
dimension so that the proposed PLUMBING fixture centerline(s) can be laid out correctly to meet ADA
and/ or local code requirements. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 6, pg. 100) Fill In The
Blank
(1)
(2)
56….IMPINGENT attack is the result of turbulent fluid with high velocity breaking through protective
films or corrosion films on a metal surface. (Related Science – Chp. 5, pg. 141) Multiple Choice or Fill In
The Blank
57….The (6) terms most commonly used with the transit level instrument when taking shots to establish
elevation are: (Related Mathematics – Chp.6, pg. 127, #33) Fill In The Blank
(1) BENCHMARK (B.M.)
(2) HEIGHT OF INSTRUMENT (H.O.I.)
(3) STATION
(4) TURNING POINT (T.P.)
(5) BACK SIGHT (B.S.
(6) FORE SIGHT (F.S)
58….Drawings showing small sections of piping are called SPOOL sheets. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan
Reading - Chp. 4, pg. 46) Fill In The Blank
59….SIPHONIC ACTION is the situation whereby a container is emptied of a fluid as a result of a negative
pressure and atmospheric pressure, such as a trap seal being lost. It is an example of a vacuum and
occurs every time a tank type water closet is flushed. (Related Science – Chp. 2, pg. 68-71, GLOSSARY G13) Fill In The Blank
60….An OBLIQUE drawing is another type of (3) dimensional drawing and is referred to as an isometric
drawing, but is not a true isometric drawing. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp.5, pg. 49 &
50) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
61….What does the abbreviation Btu represent? British thermal unit : A British thermal unit is a
measure of heat. (1) Btu is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of (1) pound of water
(1) degree Fahrenheit. (Related Science – Chp.1, pg. 17) Fill In The Blank
62….Isometric sketches or CAD drawings used by Journeyworkers & Apprentices are sometimes call
spool sheets, ISOs, or shop drawings. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp.4, pg.
46)
63….Convert the following measurement(s) to decimal feet: (Related Mathematics - Chp.6, pg. 131,
TABLE 6-1) Fill In The Blank
(1) 40” = 3.33’
(2) 66” = 5.5’
(3) 129” = 10.75’
(4) 240 1/8” = 20.01’
64….PRESSURE is FORCE per unit of AREA or (P) = (F)/(A). (Related Science – Chp. 2, pg. 42) Multiple
Choice or Fill In The Blank
65….The point of reference in which measurements are taken is the definition of a BENCH MARK.
(Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading – GLOSSARY, G-1) Fill In The Blank
66….UNIFORM attack is characterized by a general wasting away of metal in contact with an electrolyte.
(Related Science – Chp. 5, pg. 141) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
67….The (3) main prefixes used in the metric system are (1) Kilo, (2) Milli, & (3) Centi. TRUE or FALSE
(Related Mathematics – Chp.5, pg. 94, #7) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
68….The centerline elevations of pipes, tanks, equipment, etc. are usually measure from finished floor.
A/C duct elevations are usually measured to the bottom of the duct from the floor. All elevations have a
reference point, such as a benchmark, sea level, finished floor, or other engineer/ architect (designer)
specific datum reference point. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 4, pg. 47)
69….List the (4) major contributing factors that cause water hammer in a piping system. (Related Science
– Chp. 2, pg. 93) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
(1) VELOCITY
(2) SIZE OF PIPE
(3) LENGTH OF PIPE
(4) HIGH PRESSURE
70….Trigonometry is defined as the study of triangles. TRUE or FALSE
71….The weight of a unit of volume of a substance is called its DENSITY. (Related Science – Chp. 1, pg. 4)
Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
72….The formula to find the density of any substance is (D) DENSITY = (W) WEIGHT/(V) VOLUME.
(Related Science – Chp. 1, pg. 4) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
74….The term FLOW sheet is derived from the fact that these sheets are used to verify the flow direction
of the specified piping system. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 4, pg. 42) Fill In The Blank
75….Flow sheets can also be referred to as a “Piping & Instrument Drawing” or “Schematic Drawing”.
TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 4, pg. 42)
76….A SUBSTANCE may be defined as any state of matter of a particular composition or makeup.
(Related Science – Chp. 1, pg. 1) Multiple Choice or Fill InThe Blank
77….What is the abbreviation for center to center expressed as on drawings? (C – C) or (C to C) (Drawing
Interpretation & Plan Reading – APPENDIX (A), A-29) Fill InThe Blank
78….The void space between the center of the fitting and the end of the pipe is generally called the
fitting TAKE OFF. (Related Mathematics – Chp.2, pg. 30, #21) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
79….MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (M.A.) is the ratio of the force that performs work to the force that is
applied to a machine, disregarding friction. (Related Science – Chp. 3, pg. 98) Multiple Choice or Fill In
The Blank
80….The (2) major steps in making an isometric drawing are (1st) selecting the best view of the object or
system & (2nd) adding the compass in relation to the selected view. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing
Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp. 5, pg. 60)
81….Which statement does not belong concerning the (3) characteristics of water that should be known
by Journeyworkers & Apprentices in the Pipe Trades: (Related Science – Chp. 1, pg. 3) Multiple Choice
(A) The earth is 71% water.
(B) Water is affected more than solids by variations in temperature.
(C) The combined effect of gravity and the ability of water to change shape. It also seeks the lowest
point.
(D) Since water is incompressible, pressure has almost no effect on its volume.
82….The terms front, rear, & side are not often used in pipe work. Instead, they are replaced by the
Cardinal directional terms NORTH ELEVATION, SOUTH ELEVATION, EAST ELEVATION, & WEST
ELEVATION. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp.2, pg. 21) Fill In The Blank
83….The part of a fitting where a piece of pipe is inserted and connected is called the fitting make up.
TRUE or FALSE (Related Mathematics – Chp.2, pg. 30, #23)
84….WORK is the product of force times distance and is considered an accomplishment. (Related
Science – Chp.3, pg. 95) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
85….A constant is a number or value that can always change. TRUE or FALSE (Related Mathematics –
Chp.2, pg. 36, #46)
86….The most commonly used scale in the pipe trades is the ARCHITECT’S scale or rule(r). (Drawing
Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp.1, pg. 2) Fill In The Blank
87….SELECTIVE attack is the corrosive destruction of (1) element of an alloy. (Related Science – Chp.5,
pg. 141) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
88….To be able to draw the (4) elevational views for any piping system layout provided you must rotate
the pictorial drawing you are provided in your mind’s eye. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan
Reading - Chp.2, pg. 21)
89….PRESSURE is defined as force exerted on a surface divided by the surface area. (Related
Mathematics – Chp.3, pg. 62, #72) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
90….The piping industry has developed a standard set of symbols to represent pipe fittings and valves.
Most of these symbols are universally accepted throughout the industry, but some larger companies
and localities have developed their own customized symbols. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation &
Plan Reading - Chp.3, pg. 25)
91….List the (3) states or forms in which water can be found. (1) ICE (SOLID), (2) WATER (LIQUID), (3)
STEAM or WATER VAPOR (GASEOUS) (Related Science – Chp.1, pg. 2) Fill In The Blank
92….Water is an element. TRUE or FALSE. Why is this a false statement? Water is compound made of
(2) parts Hydrogen & (1) part Oxygen. (Related Science – Chp.1, pg. 5) Combination T or F & Answer
93….Which (1) does not belong concerning metric measurements : (Related Mathematics – Chp. 5, pg.
93, #1) Multiple Choice
(A) Celcius
(B) Meter
(C) Kilogram
(D) POUND
94….During the design, review, and installation processes it is not important to check the project
specifications for piping materials to be used in all PLUMBING systems because all designers are
required to indicate the joining methods (such as welded, soldered, flanged, etc.) and pressure ratings
specific to each connection point between pipe, fittings, and valves. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing
Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp.3, pg. 25)
95….Match the following word terms with the (4) provided constants that Journeyworkers &
Apprentices need to know: (1) Pi, (2) 45 degree offsets, (3) 1 foot column of water that’s 1” squared, (4)
1 psi (Related Mathematics – Chp.3, pg. 49, #21) Match
(A) 3.1416 = (1) Pi
(B) 1.414 CONSTANT = (2) 45 DEGREE OFFSETS
(C) .433 lbs./ pounds = (3) 1 psi
(D) 2.31’ = (4) 1 psi
96….OXIDATION is a factor in electrochemical corrosion defined as the act or process of uniting with
oxygen in which an element in a compound gains or loses electrons in forming the compound. (Related
Science – Chp.5, pgs. 140 & 143, Glossary G-10) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank
97….When drawing symbols for pipe valves and fittings it is important that all valves and fittings be
drawn to scale. TRUE or FALSE (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp.3, pg. 25)
98….The TRAVEL piece or measurement in an offset problem or configuration is congruent to the
HYPOTENUSE of a triangle in Geometry & Trigonometry. (Related Mathematics - Chp. 3, pg. 57 #52) Fill
In The Blank
99….In true isometric drawings the vertical axis (height) is drawn vertically and the other (2) axes are
drawn with a 30°/60° triangle. (Drawing Interpretation & Plan Reading - Chp.5, pg. 49) Fill In The Blank
100….Corrosion is not always detrimental to a piping material and in some cases actually inhibits decay
by forming a protective coating, such as rust. An example protection by corrosion can be found in CAST
IRON fittings and pipe. (Related Science – Chp.5, pg. 168) Multiple Choice or Fill In The Blank