GRAMMAR
m
=
@
T
Q
Q
NO
-;
I--/
‘
C) t:::::i L..:
www.nebooks.co.kr
Grammar Zone
Grammar Zone
Authentic
Grammar Zone
Practical
Grammar Zone
Grammar Zone
Grammar
Grammar
‘ practical
......
a ’‘_n ‘
9 ‘ •.“ •.
‘ ’_.‘…-…••
5lS
COf!'’. . .
‘ :l
•
’ "... ‘“.."
”
..
,:
’
c. ,
•••
II II
, , "'a: ’ “
••
....
j
I I
‘
’ H. ‘ 't my teo
‘ .....
...
...
.... .. ‘, f!“ ...“‘)S!l" .."JI’…‘Ii
.. <1.....
II
.’’
I I
...
oq. !!:
.
‘:
.11
0
l
i
9
‘ F ilyi‘“‘I rea.llyCOU " ‘
UNIT
Ml
d
•
’
I' rlld
’
. ....
’
M""‘ 1
‘ .. .....
“
',>:"‘! ’
" ’‘’‘ ’IiI
g
’ EXERCISE 01
’‘, ••
fP
..
._“”’‘’
....
...
“ ‘
••
..
" tl NtI
:
UI! D.I11S‘@
...
,
... ..
'..
i
.,..
‘I
r ..
..,
’
.
:
5
.
l
’
’
’
2
1
,.‘ ....
..
l
:
,
,3
-‘
fi
9 .....
.
‘
. ,…(w..r )'W'lg""“‘,0<
‘
. . . "'‘..." .. _“‘”
‘ . n‘1omt9"''''''‘...
"...‘.... 10"'.
, .‘ - ‘1‘ P ’‘,.,.‘n “‘’‘”‘
‘
H lathef died )OOOg
'US
‘
"'9 .......
d
’
l
|
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR / LEARN MORE EXPRESSIONS
]
UPGRADE
YOUR
LEARN MORE
REVIEW TEST
REVIEW TEST
REVIEW
‘""“..
2
3
‘
....
@‘"
5
Clo t..J ys
‘ ....
"’.,
‘g‘_>‘
..
",.
•• _••• _---------
---,.• ______
’‘".
..
(f} lum
NC h) a dec:ision
ø ’“
9
@
‘.
’
‘
I2l coo
‘.. I mvsister
@ 1... lQina: t o _ " ôe
OI'
.. on“1@ Would )'l“‘,•• ...
’ làe thisgr_' ‘bt Do,wn.‘ ••’“‘@‘’
EDITING
6
@PIt..‘
7
'!![.....
‘”’,..,
’ 2 ‘""
19 ttH II2
REVIEW
...’
.....
1CtIy: 00000. lth"",iI‘. ..
••
““ for_. ior‘’‘”‘ ...
,'m “’“‘ v.tIenl h;Jo‘ ’'lCU501lreebr‘
.tV3Cðl
itÏOr‘ A.iICòI\ÍOf‘
m‘ .. ‘ •••
’"'"‘ k,myce’
’...
‘t
’m ““orneud im‘ ......“ ”‘’·‘
tO lal.e ð"K
)'CO'
‘
l
‘ a ‘ ” ” ”l-1-’a·
U
(1
1
•,,.‘-
@,
Ql..-ned
@
k*ed
..
..
‘“”g ...
’...
..
“•• ..
2
. . .,..‘!“ ..
‘ ft m... ... o.:;’“’
i--· i-
,
. . ......
..
. .. . . . .
2
.. (·i
..
'
‘_""“
n. ,
ib
“... “
@n1s
...
••-..””
’“biI
••’-’:’-‘”’·‘qr._'
..
ø ...
@gt. g i d k I a a fiMlem
-"".,..
..
u.......
r
1: J‘
... ........ .....
1,.
t1
... -
GRAMMAR IN READING
-t_, ••
‘ ..
Thn ...
’
l
.....
M % a e @
@ ln
....
..,..".. ..
Øsuil
<>_ ’<I>_‘
..
‘M.. ..
‘ ‘“
..
‘’a”’*t-‘"’-‘”i ” ...
••
..........
..
bt
•••‘ "1.' '''''''“... ‘.I.l0l(........ _‘
“…
Q) 1dttatt
(llt.Wry
::õ!iI
....
c.m. ....‘ .....‘, ....
“’*‘,""‘
‘
‘ ”·‘
“1ie
‘‘·‘-,~
”-.•i--hu*
“ x‘i-…“
-‘“‘
- -i
*
-&
-*…-‘
’
:ial…
‘
-,‘
-‘‘…
“
3
…-…-•
a- i- -,
-‘-‘01 .‘·‘‘-‘-’.(‘’“‘""‘
.. ......... ....’ “.1r1.1t’
i'l alcosts
•
In·i
”
I
...... ..
......
.... !I! Q I. . . . .
....
2
••
1
..
..
nd
“‘… ”. ,, % 4 %
a .!g IiQ
.. ••“...’..
•
........ boI.ndl> 11'‘
H ••
@
"'_
...,
“.ltaliltf.
...“ ..
.
••‘
......
BOOST YOUR GRAMMAR
._H..,.‘
02
.
.. >1
0 _ ..
......... deworO‘
••
‘ ..........
‘
..,
’
‘.'or;h ......
?“.....“
_“
_boú"''''_‘
..... <Immom.
l
i
.....
.. .......,. .....
2\ ....
2110...
’>etq<<hln_ .... _
2) n.n .........
"""""...,..“
h _ ....
........_‘“ ‘ a
‘·“ ‘”‘’-…“‘ ...‘.-“‘ !!:!!!1!!!!. d_
•
••
‘
...
i
i
"""""‘
M_
... "‘....
’”’.... ’ >>_ ... ...,ó:>o .... _
’……"'""'"" . . . pøII-""'_, _"'_lht""'"'-
.,..........
i
J ThoI.l1dorú .........
II!IoI HU ...... laJI)u ...
‘
“,-
2 t41olloll"o. ..
Tho ......
. _ n t • • Vö.
""‘ ....._‘
_ “
9>0_ .......
2
”…*“ ....... Tht,.lK1f\ .n. _ _ _ .
‘
'"",n ..... IO _ _ t.,. ......
b
• ."..., .....
• …
I ...
1
........
••þ(II."".>l2.
’ ‘ _ _ II ..,_oan._,""",l9 St
’‘ . . . ,..-. ......_ -‘ _ _ " " ' _ .......
1
l
1
1
1
<;Iosstcion\
A Better Way to Study This Book
.
Contents
]
(
CHAPTER 01
Sentence Structure
UNIT 01
UNIT 02
UNIT 03
12
15
17
CHAPTER 02 Verbs & Sentence Patterns
UNIT 04
UNIT 05
UNIT 06
UNIT 07
UNIT 08
UNIT 09
UNIT 10
S +v
21
23
S+V+0
24
S+V+0
27
S + V + 01 + 02
28
30
32
CHAPTER 03 Tenses
UNIT 11
UNIT 12
UNIT 13
UNIT 14
UNIT 15
UNIT16
41
43
44
46
48
·
50
CHAPTER 04 Auxiliary Verbs
UNIT 17
UNIT 18
UNIT19
UNIT 20
UNIT 21
UNIT 22
UNIT 23
UNIT 24
60
can.
61
may'
63
must. have
64
66
should . ought
68
could ' might. would .
70
need'
72
CHAPTER OS
UNIT 25
UNIT 26
UNIT 27
UNIT 28
UNIT 29
CHAPTER 06
Mood
I wish +
as if[though] +
82
83
85
87
88
Passive Voice
97
99
101
103
UNIT 30
UNIT 31
UNIT 32
UNIT 33
CHAPTER 07 Infinitives
112
114
115
117
119
122
UNIT 34
UNIT 35
UNIT 36
UNIT 37
UNIT 38
UNIT 39
CHAPTER 08 Gerunds
UNIT 40
UNIT 41
UNIT 42
UNIT 43
UNIT 44
·
130
132
133
136
137
CHAPTER 09
Participles
UNIT 45
UNIT 46
UNIT 47
UNIT 48
UNIT 49
(1):
144
(2):
146
148
150
152
CHAPTER 10 Prepositions
UNIT 50
UNIT 51
UNIT 52
UNIT 53
UNIT 54
UNIT 55
UNIT 56
UNIT 57
UNIT 58
UNIT 59
UNIT 60
UNIT 61
CHAPTER 11
UNIT 62
UNIT 63
UNIT 64
UNIT 65
UNIT 66
UNIT 67
UNIT 68
160
162
164
·
(1)
166
(2)
169
172
·
174
176
177
at /
179
from
181
in /
183
Con junctions
192
194
197
198
(1):
200
(2):
·
·
(3):
·
·
·
202
205
CHAPTER 12 Relatives
UNIT 69
214
UNIT 70
216
UNIT 71
217
UNIT 72
219
UNIT 73
220
UNIT 74
221
UNIT 75
223
224
UNIT 76
as. than
UNIT 77
226
CHAPTER 13 Inversion . Emphasis' Ellipsis, etc.
UNIT 78
235
UNIT 79
238
UNIT 80
(1)
240
UNIT 81
(2):
242
244
UNIT 82
UNIT 83
CHAPTER 14 Ag reement & Direct and Reported Speech
257
UNIT 85
·
UNIT 89
259
261
UNIT 87
UNIT 88
·
254
UNIT 84
UNIT 86
246
·
·
263
264
CHAPTER 15 Nouns & Articles
UNIT 90
UNIT 91
UNIT 92
UNIT 93
UNIT 94
UNIT 95
UNIT 96
UNIT 97
UNIT 98
UNIT 99
UNIT 100
UNIT 101
·
273
274
276
278
280
282
283
285
286
288
290
292
·
CHAPTER 16 Pronouns
UNIT 102
UNIT 103
UNIT 104
UNIT 105
UNIT 106
UNIT 107
UNIT 108
UNIT 109
UNIT 110
UNIT 111
UNIT 112
UNIT 113
this. that
such. same
some. any
other. another
all.each
both . either. neither. none
-one. -body . -thing
301
303
305
307
309
311
312
314
317
320
322
323
CHAPTER 17 Adjectives & Adverbs
UNIT 114
UNIT 115
UNIT 116
UNIT 117
UNIT 118
UNIT 119
UNIT 120
UNIT 121
UNIT 122
UNIT 123
UNIT 124
UNIT 125
CHAPTER 18
UNIT 126
UNIT 127
UNIT 128
UNIT 129
UNIT 130
APPENDIX
(1)
333
(2)
335
( 1):
336
(2):
338
340
342
344
345
348
(1)
351
(2)
352
(3)
354
Comparison
362
365
367
369
371
379
385
@
under the tree
a man under the
sat under the
·
1
2
I
S
subject)
(= verb)
V
(= object)
O
O1
(= indirect object / 10)
02
C
(= direct object / 00)
(= complement)
*SC:
(= subject complement) / OC:
(= object complement)
(= modifier)
M
v-ing
participle)
v-ed
participle / p.p.)
to-v
L
-
(= American English)
(= British English)
11
..,
***
(= formal style)
(= informal style)
(= written style)
(= spoken style)
A
He should be back
PRE VIEW
•
|
His friends call hìm Jlmmy.
His friends call him Jimmy.
His friends call him Jimmy.
His friends call him Jimmy.
•
-
l
” (d
h
d
--
5he smiled brightly.
AT
l
“
o
...
...
a The stars / disappeare d.
You / are a genius.
c His love for his family / is strong.
d Most of the students in this class / have caught
b
a
012
b
G-ZONE CHAPTER 01
c
b , c,
o
a The accident happened near our neighborhood.
b She lost her cell phone at the library.
c Learning a foreign language is usefu l.
d To meet the president would be an honor.
a
b
e What he said may be true.
e
c
d
b
a
UNIT 36
d
c
e
8
have,
a He bought a brand-new smartphone.
a
b She can speak four languages.
c I have already cleaned my car.
c
d The bank robber was arrested yesterday.
e I look forward to seeing yOU.
b
a
d
e
d
c
e
ø
a He likes basketbal l.
a
b Mary loves him very much.
b
c
C
I just avoided stepping on the dog.
d She wants to see you again.
e I think that her answer is right.
d
e
I don't know why he lied.
f
9 They gave us free coupons.
g
f
free
coupons
a
d
C
f
UNIT 08
e
9
UNIT 01
013
(complement)
1
1
a She became a designer.
b
is sick today.
c Her main job is taking care of her family.
d My dream is to become a movie director.
e He is not what he was.
f The question is which plan is the best.
a
f
2
2
He left the work unfinished.
h I felt my heart beating quickly.
She asked me to stay with her.
He had his secretary book a flight to Paris.
g
9
a
b
b
C
Her main
d
My
e
the
h
my
his
d LH
C
9
f
The
e
h
j
(modifier)
1
1
a He is a fast
a
b 7ïhe man who lives next door runs every day.
2
2
c
C
d Fortunately, we arrived at the station on time.
d
e
a
014
b
The
|
•
He runs every day to stay healthy.
e
-rr=
b
G-ZONE CHAPTER 01
c
d
e
EXERCISE 01 .
1
She looks happy.
2 He kept me waiting.
3 He said that he was busy.
4 They painted the house red .
5 The owner offered us her room.
6
Long experience had taught him how to sell books to people who did not want them.
(phrase)
1
1
a To wear helmets would be safes t.
a
He didn t know what to do next.
b
c
Her hobby is playing computer games.
c
d
There are many methods of teaching English.
d
b
1
2
+
2
e The pilot made an attempt to contact the
e
tower.
f
Cars parked iII egally will be towed .
f
9
The price depends on the size
g
h
It is of no use.
-----r
the roorn.
h
UNIT 02
015
3
3
He WIorks out at night.
She's very
to talk with.
k Judging from what he sai d, he is not an expert
k
/F
in the field.
To be honest , I don ’t understand him.
I
'T'
a
c
b
e
d
f
j
/ control tower
9
k
,
h
/ tow
UPGRADE YOUR
’
,
.
• The girl under the tree is my sister.
• The girl is standing under the tree.
(clause)
+
1
a
1
He is a scholar, and his parents are proud of it.
•
b He was sick , so he couldn't go to schoo l.
2
2
(1)
c What I did was necessary for my future career.
d I don't know who she is.
e The problem is that he did not make it in time.
016
G-ZONE CHAPTER 01
(1)
c
d
e
and , but, or, 50, for
(2)
{2}
This is the ring that you gave me.
f
9 This is the reason why she is popular.
g
(3)
{3}
f
h The rain was heavier than we expected.
-
He came when I was not at home.
h
t___
a
c
e
f
i
h
/ make it
EXERCISE 02 ....... .
1
Everybody desires to live a long life.
2
Eating a good breakfast is very importan t.
3
I was eighteen when I met her.
4
I want a house with a large garden.
5 5he knows that I like her.
n!
v
1
5, V, 0 ,
o
1
a
1 a/an , the , this , that , some, any, no, more, my
This house belongs to my
T ==-:J'
UNIT 104
UNIT 03
017
2
2
b
3
My brother is a college studen t.
·
3
·
(1)
(1)
c
Some people have naturally
C
d Adrownin9 man will clutch at a straw.
d
e
e Lost youth never comes back.
(2)
f
(2)
The students present were all moved to tears.
f
UNIT 118 B
|
/f'
9 Who is the gir/ playing the guitar?
g
h Can you recommend a scarf to wear with this
h
outfit?
The woman who came here yesterdaY is
Ms. Ueda.
a
c
b
e
i
Ueda
/ clutch
1
1
a They need help badly.
- -I
a
b She came
b
c
2
d
to Patrick.
Let's wait t iII he comes.
·
I am very g/ad you're here.
e The boy was almost a/ways on time.
018
d
9
f
C
2
d
e
f
We're gratefu/ for your offer.
f
9
It took /onger than we expected.
g
G-ZONE CHAPTER 01
/ outfit
h
3
h
3
.
h
She came right after him.
--I
only,
'1"
I bought it simply because it was not heavy.
simply, partly, entirely, just, largely, mainly
/ 1'
Naturally, he was very angry.
k
Broadly speaking , there are two ways to fix the
k
prob/em.
a
b
c
f
j
9
k
e
d
h
i
/ be grateful for
EXERCISE 03 ....... .
1
In Korea , school begins in March.
2
She saw a boy about her own age.
3
The girl in the white dress is his sister.
4
The children were playing in the kitchen.
5
0bviously, he was drunk.
UNIT 03
019
PRE VIEW
l
|
S+V
S+V+C
The flower died.
a I am lonely.
b He became a lawyer.
a
b
S+V+O
Cats catch mice.
S +V+O , +0 2
I gave him a tip.
S+V+O+C
a
b
1
a We call her Betty.
b I want you to come.
1
a A leaf fel l.
b The dog jumped (through the window).
a
b
2
2
c
John is in the garden.
C
JohnOI
I think , therefore I am.
d He stayed in be d.
"J-
I
1'-'
.....
3 (there is/are)
e There are some letters for you.
f
d
J '--'-'.
There is no doubt about it.
3
e-f there +
+
UNIT 04
021
·m
H
ln H
:
U WJ s
”3
4
g
78 A
9 here + is/are +
me
h
a
e
here + come +
ch
c
b
f
d
h
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
(there is/are)
there
seem , appear, happen , tend
+
remain , enter, follow
.
• There remains only one thing to do.
• There must be somebody at home now.
a Will this do?
a do:
b
I can't manage anymore without a car.
b
manage:
c
Family is what really counts.
c
count:
d
Kindness sometimes does not pay.
d
pay:
e
My brain doesn't work today.
e
work:
f
It reads as follows.
f
read:
9 This chair sells for $50.
9
sell:
b
a
f
c
9
d
/ as follows
EXERCISE 01 .
1
The island finally disappeared into the sea.
2
The vase broke all over the floor.
3
This medicine will work.
4
Crime doesn ’t pay.
5
First impressions do count so look your best at the interview.
022 G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
e
05
o
1
a
Life is beautifu/.
b
He kept quite ca/m during the meeting.
2
1
be, lie, stand, keep, hold, remain, stay
2
become, come, get, grow, make, turn, fall, go,
run
Divorce is becoming more commo n.
c
d The children were growing tire d.
3
e
He seems upset.
f
Jane looks different with short hair.
4
3
seem, look, appear
4
feel, smell, sound, taste
9 It tastes
a
c
b
d
e
9
f
LEARN MORE EXPRESSIONS
a
come untied
fall asleep
get drunk
go bad
hold still
keep burning
lie asleep
make a good wife
run short
His father died young.
b He returned home a
man.
c The little girl came running to me.
d He came home very depresse d.
a
= His father was young when he died.
b
= He was a different man when he returned home.
c
= The little girl was running when she came to me.
d
= He was very depressed when he came home.
UNIT 05
023
cf.
cf. They brought him to Korea quite young.
=He was
young when they brought him to
Korea.
a
b
c
d
EXERCISE 02 ....
1
Snow stilllies thick on the ground.
2
While he was studying, he fell asleep.
3
Please feel free to make suggestions.
4
He came back safe.
S+V+Q
1
a
I bought a new bag.
b
I have something to ask him.
c
Tom sold his car to me last week.
2
2 add on , bring up, hand over, point out, take up,
throw away, check out , give up, pass
away, put up, sort
d The boss put off the meeting.
e
She turned on the television.
She turned it on.
3
f
cf.
3 look after, take after, listen to, get over, deal with ,
We cannot rely on him.
9 What are you looking at?
024
put
G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
feel
pick
set
fall
4
4 catch up with , look forward to, get along with ,
break out of, get on
h We looked up to him as a leader.
his rudeness anymore.
I can't put up
5
b
f
make use of, make fun of, give birth to, take pride
in , keep track of, lose sight of, give rise
She caught sight of a car in the distance.
cf.
get
away with
5
a
stick up
run out of, come up
make light
d
9
/ look up to
j
h
/ put up with
e
/ catch sight of
1
1
a
a
= go into the classroom
c
= reply to the question
f
= arrive at the destination
enter the classroom
t04
cf. enter into a contract
b
address the audience
c
answer the question [answer te]
d
obey his order
e
attend a wedding
f
reach the destination [reach te]
te]
9 approach a castle
h call him
suit/become her
2
2
j
k
resemble her mother
k
3
3
discuss the matter
m
m mention it
n
= look like her mother
=talk about the matter
= refer to it
explain the situation
think about the suggestion
the suggestion
cf.
a
b
h
n
d
C
j
i
e
k
f
l
g
m
0
UNIT 06
025
‘ look
a
I hope for your success.
Cfl
I hope to succeed.
Cf2 I hope
your success.]
a hope for:
cf.
that you will succeed.
b object to:
cJ.
b They all objected to my proposa l.
_II _1...: __‘_-1 …‘.
UII
...,“J “ “ ‘..
11
’Y
cf. Citizens objected that the tax was too high.
c
c
The students complain about the school's
complain abou t:
facilities.
,
cf The students complain that the school's facilities
cf,
are. too old.
Cf2 complain of:
Cfi He complained of severe back pain.
I subscribe to Tl ME.
d
d
subscribe to:
a
cf.
b
cf ,
C
d
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
1
lie:
(Iie-Iay-Iain) , lie:
(Iie-lied-lied) , lay:
(Iay-Iaid-Iaid)
• The letter lay open on his desk.
• He laid his hand on my shoulder.
2
rise:
raise:
·
(rise-rose-risen) ,
·
• The cost of living continues to rise.
• He raised his offer to $500.
03 ..... .
1
She relies on her mother too much.
2 Let ’sdiscuss about the matter later.
3
1
4
He Iied down on the grass.
hope your health and happiness.
5 She felt her heart beating as she approached the door.
026
G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
(raise-raised-raised)
07
o
S+V+Q
1 S+V+O+of
1
a I informed him of her success.
b They robbed the lady of her handbag.
2 S+V+O+with
-
b
·
UNIT 58
2 with
c
c Tom helped me with my English.
d
d They provided the poor with food and clothes.
3 S + V + 0 + from
3
e The heavy rain prevented us from going ou t.
e
f
f
UNIT 60 B
a
You must know good from bad.
4 S + V+O+for
from
UNIT 60 A
·
·
UNIT 56
4 for
9
9 She blamed him for the failure.
·
h
h I paid $200 for this watch.
·
·
He mistook the car for mine.
5
5 to
I owe my success to my father.
UNIT 57
owe:
k I prefer fish to ch icken.
k
6 S+V+O+as
6
as:
I
= I look upon [think of] you as a friend .
I regard him as a friend.
a
b
·
c TomOI
f
j
d
9
k
h
I
1
1
a You should pride yourself on being able to
a
UNIT 102 B
pride oneself
speak fluent English.
UNIT 07
027
b
b
Did you enjoy yourself last week?
They fought a hard fight.
d The baby slept a sound sleep.
e.g. laugh a laugh , live a life, sigh a sigh , smile a
3
3
e
He kicked a penalty goal yesterday.
f
He has worn holes in his T-shir t.
a
c
b
e
/ wear
f
EXERCISE 04 ....
1
The media supplies us with lots of information.
2
There are many ways to rid one ’5 kitchen of cockroaches.
3
He excused himself and left the meeting.
4
Last night I dreamed a lucky dream.
08
S+V+O,+02
object) ,
o
+
to, for,
1
a One of my friends lent me her notebook.
028
help
2
2
c
enjoy
excuse
yourself
G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
1
d
2
2
-•
b She lent it to me.
cf. He saved them for Jake.
b
(1) (to +
(1)
c
give, tell , lend , show, send , pay, teach ,
I gave my sister lots of advice.
offer, bring , promise, sell , read , pass ,
I gave lots of advice to my sister.
(to +
(2) (for +
d
(2)
buy, make; get , find , order,
He bought his wife an expensive ring.
(for + 0 ,)
bring , bake , cook , pour,
He bought an expensive ring for his wife.
for
(3)
(3)
e This computer has saved us a lot of work.
cf.
I asked him a favor.
I asked a
envy, forgive ,
ask , allow, permit , deny, refuse
cf.
of him.
(of + 0 ,)
favor <2..!
question
a
a
..... ..J
...
.... “
‘ ’ ’'" ‘,,'-'
l
11'
l
introduce ,
. . _--,..,..
mention , mean , donate ,
construct , create , design , select ,
•• _ _ _ _
” ’\;;; u ...,’ IIIIUIIL
’ '\;;;}
c
explain , suggest ,
They suggested a brilliant idea to me.
‘ . . . ..J ....... .... 1.-.. ..
...
_
c
cf.
e
I explained the process to him.
l .....
b
cf.
b
d
The suspect confessed his crime to the police.
d The government announced its new economic
policies to the public.
a
b
c
d
/ suspect
UNIT08
029
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
say+ 0 (+to +
• You can say whatever you want (to me).
• He said (to her) , "1 want to go on a trip."
2
the truth , a lie, a joke, a story
tell +
+ to-v:
...
/ tell +
+
...
• Ms. Xie told me to visit her today. Xie
• He hasn't told me that he's leaving.
• Helen told (me) a funny joke. HelenOI
EXERCISE OS ...... .
That job cost his life to him.
2
My mom made an apple pie to us.
3
Please don ’ t eat the last piece of cake. Leave me it.
4
5he explained me her intention.
5
Please tell to me that you didn ’t do it.
09
a His gift made her very happy.
b Age has turned his hair gray.
030
G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
(make , get , turn , keep , leave,
2
c
2
·
(call ,
We'll call the baby Emma.
d They elected him presiden t.
3
·
3
e 1found him (to be) innocen t.
a
to
c
b
d
e
1
1
(want , wish , like, tell , order, ask ,
a 1want you to come right now.
teach , allow,
b He didn't allow his daughter to go out that
nigh t.
enable
persuade , choose , th ink , believe , find ,
consider, declare, understand , know
2
2
(1 )
(1)
39 A
let, make, have)
c She let us use the kitchen.
= She a//owed us to use the kitchen .
cfl He he/ped me
wash the car.
Cf2 1'11 get him to fix the car.
Cf2 get , cause, allow
(2)
(2)
cfl
d 1felt something touch my arm.
(feel , hear, listen to, see, watch , look at ,
notice[
cf. We felt his suggestion to be wise.
cf. feelOI
(to be +
b
a
Cf2
1
(1)
a 1saw him crossing the road.
C
cf.
d
1
(1)
notice,
cf. 1saw him cross the road.
smell , see, hea r
cf.
UNIT 09
031
(2)
b
(2)
I couldn't get the computer working.
(have, get, keep, set , start , leave
2
2
c
The boss wants the job done by tomorrow.
d
She had her wallet stolen.
a
cf.
(want, make, have, get, find ,
see, hear
c
b
EXERCISE 06 ....
had
chose
heard
saw
1
We
Tom to be captain of our team.
2
They
the box empty.
3
I
4
She
5
I
found
my hair cut yesterday.
him entering the room silently.
my name called.
10
1
1
a
He remained here all nigh t.
a
b
He remained poor all his life.
b
: 5 +V+ C
032
G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
2
c
I found the thick book easily.
d
I found the thick book easy to read.
2
c
S+V+O+ M
d
easy to
S+V+O+C
a
b
c
d
1
1
a
The experiment proved the theory.
b
The experiment proved a success.
a the
b a
S+V+O
S +V+C
2
2
c
He made his son a desk.
d
He made his son a happy boy.
c
his
a desk
S+V+0 1 +0 2
d a happy
S+V+O+ C
a
b
c
d
EXERCISE 07 ......
1
Please call me a tax i.
2
People called him AIfred the Grea t.
3
He stayed there during the summer.
4
We stayed a couple for three years.
5
We found his lecture interesting.
6
He found his love too late.
UNIT 10
033
1
(1) They (rose , raised) the price of oi l.
(2) She (Iay, laid) smiling at me.
(3) She never (answered , replied) to my letter.
(4) The burglar (entered , went) into the house through a window.
(5) We (discussed , talked) the problem , but we didn't (arrive , reach) a decision.
[2-3]
2
It is said that farming
CD sells
3
He
little in Korea .
ø gives
@ buys
@ pays
@ works
@ appeared
@ found
@ go
@ seem
@ make
@ buy
@ bring
@ explain
@ want
@ wish
us how the camera worked.
CD left
@ felt
ø showed
[4-6]
4
@ Your hair will
white.
@ Please do not
the handle
@ m
5
@ She will
a good wife.
@ 1 am going to
CD look
6
@ put
Ø come
a desk for my sister.
@ have
ø get
@ Please
me my key.
@ You ’ 11
it difficult to get along with him.
CD remain
@ Iet
ø find
7
My parents
CD have
034
me to become a doctor.
ø expect
G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
@ encourage
p.04
8
(1) They robbed me
my walle t.
(2) My family doctor suggested
me that 1 take a walk every day.
(3) Don ’ t blame other people
your own mistakes.
(4) Many people objected
his being promoted.
(5) The school provides all its students
books.
9
CD He married Jane last year.
He came home tired
@ The weather remained
throughout Apri l.
@ We offer only fresh food for our customers.
@ The team finally got the problem solved.
10
CD There is some apples in the refrigerator.
He looked at her and saw tears to run down her face
@ The fabric feels softly and smoothly.
@ Ilove this music because it reminds me a warm spring day.
@ 1 saw a fancy jacket in the store window, so 1 went in to see if it would fit me.
[1 1-13]
11
(matter, whether, now or later, depart)
12
(to, owe , success , 1)
13
(a traffic accident, his sight, cost)
REVIEW TEST
035
14
Clerk: Can I help you?
Kelly: Yes. I'd like to exchange this jacket for something else.
Clerk: CD I5 there a problem?
Kelly: My sister
ø bought this for me yesterday, but it is too big for me.
Clerk: Oh , I’m sorry. We only have this jacket in one size. Would you like to exchange it for something else?
Kelly: Hmm ". (pause) Oh , Ilike this green skir t. Do you have a smaller one?
Clerk: Q) Let me checked the size. (p ause) You ’re in luck. We do have a smaller size. Do you @ want to try it on?
Kelly: Okay. I think it will @ Iook great on me.
[1 5-18]
15 John kept interrupting me while I was talking. I found him be very rude.
16 5he noticed a sign in front of her house that was read: “ No Parking Zone."
17
The Internet enables us share the ideas we have and brings people closer together.
18 5tudents complain some school policies , such as having to wear a uniform.
19
When summer comes around , many of us like to take a vacation. A vacation means different people different
things. For me , a vacation means being far away from my desk , my cell phone , and all my responsibilities.
|’ m happiest when I have hours of free time to do nothing but read books. In fact , books themselves are like
vacations. They can instantly transport you to the farthest corners of your imagination. 50, there ’5 no need to
wait until summer!
036
G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
GRAMMAR IN
p.05
1
Stealth technology allows an aircraft (A) I is / to be I partially invisible
to detection systems. It is important to note , however, that it does not
perfectly conceal the aircraft. The technology cannot
an aircraft
invisible; instead, it (B) I acts / acts as I a kind of camouflage by reducing
stealth
invisible
detection
note
conceal
camouflage
the range at which an aircraft can be detected. Normally, planes don ’t
combat
use stealth technology to avoid enemy missiles in combat situations. It is
primarily
primarily used on spying missions , during which a pilot needs to cross
or enter enemy territory without anyone ever knowing. Although stealth
technology can (C) I help this accomplish / help accomplish this 1, radar
systems are still a threat.
(A)
(B)
(C)
CD is
acts
help this accomplish
(2) to be
acts as
help accomplish this
@ is
acts as
help accomplish this
@tobe
acts as
help this accomplish
@tobe
acts
help this accomplish
2
hypnosis
The term hypnosis comes (1)
a Greek word meaning
hypnotize
“ sleep." In reality, however, hypnosis has nothing to do with sleep.
supernatural
Instead, it is a state of increased mental concentration. Despite what you
alter
may have seen on TV, people are generally (2)
aware
of what they have said and done after being hypnotized. Hypnosis is
awareness
responsive
suggestion
actually a normal part of human behavior. There is nothing supernatural
about it , and a hypnotist has no special power. He or she simply uses
certain methods to guide a person into a different state of attention. This
altered state often causes the person being hypnotized (3)
a different level of awareness and to become more responsive to
suggestlO n.
completely
from hypnos ,
to experience
GRAMMAR IN READING
037
B005T YOUR GRAMMAR
[1 -2]
1
after
•
The dog
after me for two blocks.
@
CD looked
@
@ named
·
@ took
run after
(= chase)
look after
(= take care of)
take after
tn
(= resemble)
Mary takes after her mother; she has such dark eyes.
2
We must arrive there before midnight at
name after
CD most
ø best
He was named after his fathe r.
@ the cost
@ all costs
@ once
seek after
at
[3-4]
•
3
at present
at once
(= immediately);
Your son does not
(= take after) you in
any way.
(= at the same
time)
Come here at once!
at times
4
(= sometimes)
Charles and John enjoy working together because
they feel
(= at home) with each other.
•
at hand
I always keep a dictionary at hand.
at home
at least
[5-6]
5
(= comfortable)
people at once.
(•• at most)
It will cost at least $20.
be good at
On some phones , you can talk to three or four
CD at the same time
(•• be poor at)
She is good at tennis.
ø immediately
.
@ one after another
•
@ once and for all
·
@ at last
at the cost[expense] of
He saved the baby at the cost of his life.
6
at all costs
(= at any cost)
They are good at hiding their feelings.
CD likely
at any rate
@ satisfied
@ famous
038
G-ZONE CHAPTER 02
ø pleased
p.06
[1 -2]
1
account
(+ for) (= explain)
I can ’t bear cats in the house.
CD give birth to
carry
@ keep in mind
@ tolerate
@ train
I have an account with the bank.
The trains were delayed on accoUnt of the snow.
2
I will account for the inciden t.
address
Such language does not become a lady like you.
CD begin to
suit
@ happen
@miss
@ change
The mayor addressed the crowd .
bar
3
(= prohibit)
They have barred smoking at the dinner table.
bear
The bill for the repairs came to $50.
CD I gave him a one-dollar bill
(= endure / put up with);
The bill was adopted.
-
I can't bear the pain anymore.
@ I received an electricity bil l.
@ The bill was defeated by 238 votes to 145.
He bears no ill will towards them.
@ How many ten-dollar bills do you have?
become
(=
Her new hat certainly becomes her.
4
bill
(A) The ship is
for Finland.
(B) Children are
to have some
accidents as they grow up.
There are some bills to pay.
(C) The book is _ _ _ _ in leather
block
(= bar)
(D) The prisoners ’ hands were
The road was blocked by a big truck.
5
His bad English is a bar to his getting a job.
bound
CD court of law
(= obliged)
We boarded a plane bound for New York.
The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.
obstacle
@ counter where drinks are served
@ piece of solid material
@ speech
8005T YOUR GRAMMAR
039
I
I study English.
I studied English.
I will study English.
I am studying English.
I was studying English.
I will be studying English.
I have studied English.
I had studied English.
I will have studied English.
I have been studying English.
I had been studying English.
I will have been studying English.
11
a
He has a talent for music.
a
b
Bill usually goes shopping with his friend.
b
c
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
c
d Smith passes to Wilson , and Wilson shoots!
d
a
/ hydrogen
b
/oxygen
·
d
c
WilsonOI
1
1
a
My plane leaves in an
b
My flight is tomorrow.
-
·
UNIT 11
041
come) ,
(start, leave, arrive, return) ,
end , finish) ,
c
1'11 talk to them when 1 meet them.
d
He'll go to college if he passes the exam.
c-d
2
2
e
1 hear you're moving.
f
1 understand that he is back in Korea.
a
see , gather,
c
b
e
say, hear
d
f
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
|
1
|f you wi|| agree tO
we can sign a
’2
.
• I don't know when the book will come ou t.
• The time will come when you will understand.
3
expect , intend
.
• I will take the first bus that comes.
.
• I hope he is on time.
EXERCISE 01
@
@
1 He lives in this apartmen t. (
042
@
)
2
I will wait here till he comes. (
3
The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. (
4
Grace says you told her to come over here. (
5
We always attend parties on weekends. (
G-ZONE CHAPTER 03
)
@
@
open ,
a
a Vincent van Gogh painted lots of pictures.
b
I belonged to the tennis club.
b
c
He often asked me odd questions.
c
cf.
He used to ask me odd questions.
cf.
used
UNIT 21 A
b
a
1
1
I thought you were there.
cf. I think you were there.
cf.
2
2
UNIT 85 A
a
b
She arrived after all the guests (had) left.
c
AII the guests (had) left before she came.
3
3
d
cf.
c
25
If she were a college student, she could solve
this math problem.
cf.
a
b
c
d
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
after, as soon as, when , once
.
. As soon as the judges sat down , the trial started.
. As soon as we had finished cleaning the house, Jason walked in with muddy boots.
JasonOI
UNIT 12
043
EXERCISE 02 ....
G) I often go to museums when I was young.
As soon as she saw her father, she ran toward him
Q) She didn ’t know her husband was a thief.
@ The music festival ended last weekend.
@ If I were you , I wouldn ’ t lie.
13
be going to-v
be going
1
a
I will be seventeen on my next birthday.
1
a-c
UNIT 21
b You will feel better after you res t.
c W iII it be very cold tonight?
cf. I sha// be busy tonigh t.
cf.
d I will pay for the concert tickets this time.
d
2 be going to-v
2
e
I am going to stay home today.
cf.
f
f
9 We were going to travel by car, but the car
will
be going
e
cf. I wi// stay home today.
Look at those black clouds. It'5 going to rain.
BrE:
9 was/were going to-v:
wouldn't start.
a
b
e
044
G-ZONE CHAPTER 03
c
(j.
f
d
9
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
be going
be going
be going
.
• I really will stop smoking! = 1'm really going to stop smoking!
.
• will:
‘
• be going to-v:
a
I was about to call her when she arrived.
a be about to-v:
= be just going to-v / be at[on] the point of v-ing
b be to-v:
b The convention is to be held in July.
UNIT 37 B
c
Mr. Bell is due to make a speech tonigh t.
c
d
Next Christmas falls on a Friday.
d
e
1'm sending him a package this afternoon.
e
f
We/ll leave now if it will satisfy you.
f
We'llleave now if we get the tickets.
cf.
a
b
c Bell
e
convention
·
be due to-v:
= be scheduled to-v
/ fall on
d
cf.
f
·
EXERCISE 03 ............ .
1
(will , able , catch)
•
You
the last train.
(go , have)
2
-•
Mysister
a baby in November.
UNIT 13
045
3
(due , resign)
•
She
at the end of next month.
(about , set)
4
•
The sun
--
4
o
be
a
cf.
b
cf.
c
cf. always, forever, continually
a What are you doing now?
\^Jhat do
b
do?
1 am getting up at 7:00 this week.
(;f. 1get up at 7:00 every morning.
c
He is a/ways telling me how beautiful 1 am.
cf. 1 am a/ways losing my cell phone.
d
e-g
My aunt is coming soon.
/
e When you get home 111 be flying over the
d
l
(will be v-ing)
e
Pacific.
f
f
The train will be arriving soon.
9
When will you be sending the money?
g
rrU
cf.
cf. When will you send the money?
cf.
a
b
cf.
f
a
046
9
1think they are coming to the party.
UIII
G-ZONE CHAPTER 03
c
e
d
cJ:
a
know, remember,
doubt , believe, imagine, forget , understand
·
cf. She was thinking about what to do nex t.
cf.
b
b
He loves Clara very much.
like, dislike, love, hate,
·
want , prefer, admire
c
c
I have quite a lot to say.
have, belong to,
consist of, contain , own , include
UIII
cf.
He came in when I was having lunch.
d
d
I heard a strange sound .
‘.,--‘,
.... ‘ ”
see , hear, smell ,
taste , feel
cf.
VVU
cf. The cook was tasting the soup.
e
resemble , appear, look ,
seem
He closely resembles his father.
e
f
,.:> ,
f
be ,
What does that chemical symbol mean?
:,. ... ...
...‘ ( “ .... ’‘
c::
o
cf.
a
b
c.f
d
exist ,
mean , concern , interest , surprise
cf.
c
e
f
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
·
.
• 1'm understanding things better now, since I started going to the lectures.
.
• The baby is resembling his father more and more every day.
• I/ve been wanting a new bicycle for a few .months.
• He is being very
.
today.
• I am feeling fine.
04 .....
1
When are you leaving?
2
Who is this house belonging to?
3
You are always making poor excuses.
4
A: What are you
B: I work for an IT company.
UNIT 14
047
15
ø
have
v-ed)
|
:
I
ib
a He has arrived.
He arrived at two.
;
c
i d I was there two years ago.
c I have been there once.
:
if
e I have lost my car key.
I lost my car key yesterday.
i
9 Jason has lived here for his whole life.
JasonOI
b
a
Jason lived here for his whole life.
:
c
e
9
f
!h
h
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
1
when , yesterday, last week/night , ago
*
rof 8
• He slept for eight hours /ast níght.
• When did she return home?
has she
cf.
• When have you been most motivated?
2 today, this morning[week/month/yearl
.
• Have you cleaned your room thís week?
• Did you clean your room thís week?
048
G-ZONE CHAPTER 03
last fligh t.]
.
1
a
already, yet , just ,
recently, lately, this week/month
AmE:
He has a/ready had lunch.
b Has the old car broken down yet?
2
c
2
c
He has gone ou t.
d They have moved to New York.
d
3
3
e
Jane
...
ever, never, before,
often , once, twice , - times , seldom
is my favorite book. I’ve read it more
than five times.
I have never met a celebrity.
cf. I never heard him laugh.
= I have never heard him laugh.
ever,
4
g
4
for, since, how long -?,
always, these days, all day, all one's life
He has been sick since last week.
h They've been married for 30 years.
b
a
d
cf.
c
f
e
9
h
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
‘ili
been v-ing)
.
• I've been standing in front of your house all day.
-i
.
• The tree has stood here for 200 years.
’ii
.
• I've painted the room.
• I've been painting the room.
study,
live, rain , sit,
sleep, wait ,
.
• I have been working for Intel for 15 years.
= I have worked for Intel for 15 years.
UNIT 15
049
a1 have been to:
a1 1 have been to the Busan International Film
Festiva l.
a2 have gone to:
a2 He has gone to the Busan International Film
Festiva l.
b-c this[it/that] is the first[second/only/best/worst
since
b This is the first time I've visited England.
c
We've had this car since 2014.
d 1'11 go out when 1 have finished this work.
d
e
e
have
I've got no money with me.
a1
have got = have
b
/
c
e
d
EXERCISE 05 ....
Her grandmother (passed away, has passed away) five years ago.
2
We (have been , were) friends since we were kids.
3
When (did you move , have you moved) to Seoul?
4
(Have you seen , Did you see) that mini-series on TV last night?
5 I (was , have been) to Tokyo on business many t imes.
6
The window will close automatically when the program (has finished , will have finished) updating.
16
·
(had v-ed)
(had v-ed)
050
G-ZONE CHAPTER 03
(have v-ed)
(will have v-ed)
·
b
when he arrived
C1
broke out.
I
when the war broke out
had been living there for ten years when the
C2
war broke ou t.
d I had never shopped online unti/ my sister
d
until my sister showed me this website
showed me this website.
e
·
a
a My uncle sent me a laptop that he had bought
in Tokyo.
b I had finished my breakfast when he arrive d.
C1 I had lived there for ten years when the war
C2
·
e
I had lost my bag when I arrived in Paris.
...
when I arrived in Paris
b
a
d
c
e
·
·
/ break out
·
a He will have finished the job by six o'c/ock.
b I expect you will have changed your mind by
tomorrow.
c
He will have lived here for twenty years next
c
= He will have been living .. .
year.
d If he visits L. A. again , he will have been there
d
three times.
e She will have come back before you depart.
e
a
b
d
...
c
e
EXERCISE 06 ............. .
1
Yesterday Ilost the movie tickets I (have , had , will have) bought the day before.
2
The river (has , had , will have) melted by tomorrow afternoon.
3
The CEO (has , had , will have) worked here for thirty years next month.
4
I knew the place well , for I (have , had , will have) been there once before.
5
We all felt relieved after the big storm (has , had , will have) passed without causing any damage.
UNIT 16
051
1
(1) The sun (rises , rose) in the eas t. Look! It (rises , is rising).
(2) When 1(see , will see) Mike tomorrow, 1(tell , will tell) him everything.
(3) Marie Curie (won , has won) t he Nobel Prize in 1903.
(4) 1’m sorry 1’m late. 1have (been to , gone to) the dentis t.
(5) He (was , has been) in the army for two years. He's still in the army.
2
(1) Mike and 1 have been good friends
(2) 1met his wife
(3) She has
finished the book.
(4) My cousin is
throwing things on the floor.
CD in 2004
last night
@ three months ago
@ since 2004
@ already
@ continually
@ for two years
@ always
(j) just
@ since we met
[3-4]
3
Andrew was late for school yesterday. When he
. to the classroom , the
lesson
CD gets
4
already starts
gets
had already started
Q) got
has already started
@ got
had already started
@ had gotten
already starts
@ You 've
too much recently. You should smoke less.
@ Somebody has
052
all my chocolates. The box is empty.
@
@
CD smoke
ate
smoked
eating
Q) smoke
eaten
@ been smoking
eaten
@ been smoking
been eaten
G-ZONE CHAPTER 03
p.07
5
CD What is this word meaning?
ø The girl i5 resembling her father.
@ 1suddenly felt hungry when 1was smelling something delicious.
@Iwas having lunch when Jake called.
@I ’ve been knowing the Browns for about a year.
6
hear
(1)
1
be
leave
sail
taste
didn ’t laugh at the joke because 1
it the day before.
(2) By the time she gets dressed , the school bus
(3) Tom lives in London now. He
(4) .It ’5 the best coffee 1
(5) The ship
there for the last six months.
in my life.
for New York tomorrow afternoon.
[7-8]
7
(finish)
•
If you want to borrow my hammer, you will have to wait until 1
8
using it.
(never, sick)
•
He
since he came to Seou l.
[9-10]
9
She forgot the password to her email accoun t. She doesn ’t know it now.
•
She
the password to her email accoun t.
10 It began to rain a week ago. It was raining when 1went to school yesterday.
•
It
for a week when 1went to school yesterday.
REVIEW TEST
053
11
(on the telephone)
Mother: Doctor, my son CD has just swallowed a coin!
Doctor:
ø 1’11 come at once. How is his condition?
Mother: He @ was crying a few minutes ago , but he has stopped crying now.
Doctor: Does he have a stomachache?
Mother: No, he feels fine now. What cari 1do until you @ will arrive?
Doctor: Just stay calm , and tell him he @ is going to be okay. 1’11 be there soon.
[1 2-14]
12 Sarah is taking an exa m next Monday. She had been studying since last 'vveek.
13 The group that 1had dinner with last night was consisting of two doctors , a lawyer, and a professor.
14 I'm going to watch TV from 9:00 unti110:00 and go to bed at 11: 00 tonigh t. So at 9:30 1will be watching TV
and at 11: 30 will have been going to bed.
15
Red Cliff, located on the Yangtze River in China , has never been the site of a town or a city. Nevertheless , it
is qu ite famous due to a battle that had occurred there about 1,800 years ago. In that battle , two southern
warlords joined together to defeat a much more powerful northern warlord. This battle was discussed in The
Romance of the Three Kíngdoms , which was very popular since the 14th century when it was written . This
book is still being read all around the world and has had many operas , plays , movies , and TV shows based on
054
G-ZONE CHAPTER 03
GRAMMAR IN
p.09
1
editor
A young woman who G) has been married only three weeks called the
reference
newspaper and asked for the food editor. “ Would you please help me?"
rest
.•
she said. “ My husband ’s mother and father
are comlng to a special
dinner tomorrow night. @ 1’ve never cooked a big dinner before, and 1
want everything to be perfect. 50 1 @ bought a nine-pound frozen turkey
at the supermarket. 1 @ am going to cook it in our new oven. 1 wonder
if you could tell me how long 1 should cook it." “ Just a minute ," the food
editor said as he turned to check in his big reference cookbook. He rested
the phone down so quickly that he didn ’t hear the young bride say, “ Oh,
thank you so much. You ’ ve been such a big help ," before she hung up.
2
Libby had been part of the Manhattan Project , a nuclear
weapon development project , before the nuclear bomb used in World
War II was completed.
the war , however , he applied atomic
science to more peaceful purposes. Along with two students , he was the
nuclear
apply
half-life
decay
geologist
first to measure radiocarbon ’s “ half-life." @ This refers to the amount of
time it took for half the radiocarbon to disappear from a carbon sample ,
which Libby found to be 5,568 years. @After twice that time , half of
the remaining amount of radiocarbon will have disappeared. And in
another 5 ,568 years , another half will have done so. @ This constant
rate of decay makes radiocarbon a useful way for geologists and other
scientists to determine the age of rocks and other materials.
* radiocarbon
GRAMMAR IN READING
055
B005T YOUR GRAMMAR
[1 -2]
1
away
•
·
run away
The stones were lifted by
crane.
CD the way
way of
@ no means
@ all means
@ means of
(= flee)
keep away from
We kept away from the fierce dog.
2
His siste r. who had been sick for several months
away yesterday.
give away
He gave all his land away to the city.
CD passed
ran
pass away
@ kept
@ put
(= die)
@gave
by
•
byway of
(= via)
[3-4]
I came by way ofTokyo.
3
by means of
by all means
You must
the poems (= learn - by
hear t).
·
by any means
(= without fai l)
by no means
I am by no means certain to win.
4
She has always
(= looked down on) us
for not having a car.
learn - by heart
(= memorize)
by chance[accident]
It happened quite by chance.
come by
(= obtain)
[5-6]
5
Norman Rockwell often gave away paintings to
friends who admired his work.
down
CD lost
•
@threw up
hand down
(•• turn up);
·
break down
(= stop working)
look down on[upon]
(= despise) (‘- respect / look up to)
G-ZONE CHAPTER 03
6
He asked Lisa to marry him , but she turned down
his proposa l.
(=
The car broke down in the parking lot.
056
@ showed off
@ gave free of charge
This ring has been handed down from my
grandmother.
turn down
passed by
CD considered
@ delayed
@ obtained
rejected
@ accepted
p.09
[1 -2]
1
capital
You need a lot of capítal to start a new business.
His character is very different from his wife ’s.
Q) nature
letter
@ honesty
@ reputation
@ person
Many countries have abolished capítal punishmen t.
2
change
You may keep the change.
Ten dollars will do until payday.
Q) perform
produce
@ deal with
@ be enough
@ finish
3
character
(= nature);
There was another side to his character.
(= letter)
Admiral Yi ’5 victories secured a complete
command of the sea.
Who are the main characters in the play?
Q) The hill command5 a fine view.
Chinese characters
(g) The air force is in command of the air.
command
@ He has a good command of the English
language.
@ Try to command your temper.
His house commands a fine view of the town.
@ The professor command5 his student ’5 respec t.
She has a good command of German.
4
company
I feel at home in your company.
(A) This business was started with $10 ,000
(= group);
(B) The word VOCABULARY is printed here in
letters.
count
(= consider)
It is not what you say but what you do that counts.
5
(1) I shall be glad to have your company.
·
Please do as I asked.
This little bed will do for the baby.
(2) My company sells farm machinery.
@ being together with others
@ a group of people
@ a business organization
8005T YOUR GRAMMAR
057
PRE VIEW
be, have,
can[could] , will[would]
verb):
•
1 be ' have' do:
rr-
I
be
oe I
UNIT 14
-
UNIT 15-16
f-
(2)
UNIT 79 B
UNIT 78
L
2
auxiliaries):
could , might , would
can , may,
can , could
can , could , may, might
can , could , may, might, must , have to-v, will , would , should , ought to-v
must, should , ought to-v, need to-v
will , would , shall , may
would , used to-v
could , would , might
059
””N n
be
1 be
1
a It s gettíng more spring-like day by day.
a
b Death is often compared to sleep.
b
1
2
have
2
c
Prices have been stable recently.
C
a
b
c
/stable
do
a Does she have a car?
a
b I don't know what you mean.
b
c
This painting really does /ook like an authentic
C
Picasso.
d Little did I know that the guests had already
d
little did S know/realize/think
arrived
e-h
e He works harder than I do.
e
A: I/íke watchíng movíes.
f
f
B: 50 do 1.
do = work hard
do = like watching movie5
50 +
g
9 You broke the vase 1 didn t you?
1
=
e
h
h A: Do you have tíme?
d) -- ll mm ·t
B: Yes I do.
1
a
b
e
060
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
c
d
9
h A:
EXERCISE 01 .
1
Dad is cutting his nails.
2
They didn ’t eat snacks.
3
I have enough money to buy a laptop.
4
She did leave on Saturday.
5
He was the only man who cared for me.
18 can.
1
1
a He can /ift 50 kg.
a
= He is ab/e to /ift 50 kg.
b He can ’ t[cannot] /ift 50 kg.
b
c
He could
50 kg.
= He lifted 50 kg whenever he wanted.
cf. He was ab/e to /ift 50 kg.
= He actually lifted 50 kg.
•_. He cou/d not [was not ab/e
/ift 50 kg.
C
cf.
was[were]
able
was[were] not able to-v =could not +
•
2
2
d You can 90 home now.
d
e
= be able to-v
can +
e
A: Can I use your cell phone?
B: Of course you can. / No , you can' t.
f
a
f
Could I have a cup of coffee?
c
• *
e A:
B:
f
UNIT 18
061
a
Even expert drivers can make mistakes.
b, You're driving well now, but you could make a
mistake.
b 2 It could rain this evening.
c..,.
f.
c
I L
--‘
‘“’
I
a can:
and actually happens)
b could:
·
cJ.
IUII'
A: I don't know who made this cake.
B: It could have been your sister.
c-d could have v-ed
C
d Why did you put your hands near the fire? You
d
·
UNIT 26 A
could have hurt yoursel f.
e
(is possible
She can't[couldn ’ t] be tired now. She hasn't
e-f
done anything all day.
cannot [c ould not]:
must:
e cannot[could not]:
canno t:
(impossibility)
·
••
cj: Can it be true?
f
He can't[couldn't] have stolen the money. He
cf.
was with me at the time.
f
·
cannot[could not] have v-ed:
a
c A:
e
d
cJ.
f
8
a
a cannot help v-ing:
= cannot (help) but +
(c annot help
I cannot help accepting his proposa l.
= I cannot (help) but accept his proposa l.
b We cannot be too carefu l.
b cannot ... too
= We cannot be o vercarefu/.
= We cannot be careful enough.
a
b
EXERCISE 02 ....
1
Computers can do many things.
=Computers
062
2
He has an alibi; he
3
It
4
You cannot leave
5
I can ’t
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
do many things.
have been there.
be months before the court sentences him.
early.
wondering what happened to that little gir l.
UNIT 39 B
19 may.
a You may wait in my office , but you may not
smoke.
You are a /lowed to wait ...
You are free to wait ...
b A: May[Can] I turn on the TV?
B: i) Yes , you may. / Yes , certainly. /
Of course you can. / Why not?
ii) No , you may not. / I'm sorry you can't. /
I'm afraid not. / I'm afraid you can't. /
a
/
may+
be allowed to-v
be free to-v
b
i)
ii)
I'd rather you didn' t.
b A:
a
Jason may[might] be at home.
Maybe Jason is at home.
cf. Is Jason likely to be at home?
a
hA “ .
l
’
1 <.11
1
....
a
ii)
may[might]:
·
·
cf.
--1- (,.. .......... "'')
U l..
’ I V I ’ Ivõ
b She may[might] have left yesterday.
She cou/d have /eft yesterday.
Maybe she /eft yesterday.
c He left without her. He
have waited
for her.
d She may[might] not be at home now.
= It is possib/e that she is not at home now.
Perhaps she is; perhaps she isn' t.
e Jack may[might] not have gotten on the train.
cf. JasonOI
a
B: i)
b
b
may[might] have v-ed:
c
have v-ed:
UNIT 26 A
d
e
may[might] not:
may[might] not have v-ed:
/
c
d
e
/
UNIT 19
063
a May + S + V![.]:
a May all your dreams come true!
1hope that all your dreams come true!
b He works hard 50 that he may[can/might/wiln
succeed.
1
b
UNIT 67 C
50 (that) + S + V:
c Wherever you may gOI 1 11 follow you.
c
d You may[might] well get confused.
d may[might] well +
e A: Shall we walk or take the bus?
B: The bus is late. We might[may] as well walk.
e might[may] a5 well +
UNIT 126 C
a
c
b
e A:
d
B:
EXERCISE 03 ....
1 You may keep the change.
2
It may sound strange , but it ’5 true.
3
Coal and oil supplies may welllast 200 years.
4
You might as well begin at once.
5 Dad didn ’t follow your suggestion. He may not have been listening to you.
must · have
a You must ca// home at once.
You have to ca// home at once.
a
cf.
·
cf. You must come to my birthday party.
064
b You must not[mustn ’t] park here.
b
c We don ’ t have to go to school tomorrow.
c
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
have
(= need not)
d
He has to take an exam next week to apply to
d-f have
college.
e You will have to wait to get a table.
e
will have to-v
f
We had to work ten hours every day.
f
had to-v
a
cf.
c
b
d
e
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
I
have
must
have
.
• I have to work from nine to five.
:
• My husband is an
|
(1 must ...
He often has to 90 to New York
(He must often ...
o
a1 He hasn't eaten anything all day. He must be
a
mus t:
·
have to-v
hungry.
a2 He has just had lunch. He cannot be hungry.
••
b1 He must have been asleep. He didn't hear my
footsteps.
b 2 He cannot[could not] have been asleep. I heard
b
cannot:
must have v-ed:
have to have v-ed
‘• cannot[could not] have v-ed:
him talking on the phone in his room.
a1
a2
b1
b2
EXERCISE 04 ....
1 You must not drink if you are going to drive.
2 There ’5 the doorbel l. It must be Roger.
3
You ’ |I have to live by yourself someday.
4
Hemust have forgotten his wife ’5 birthday.
5
You don't have to finish the paper by tomorrow.
UNIT 20
065
will.
UNIT 13 A
1
1
a-b
·
I will/ose weigh t.
a
b The door won't open.
Even though she was sick , she would make
c
·
a
b
c-d
dinner for her children.
C
d
I offered Jim some milk, but he wouldn't drink
d
2
t::I O
2
e
Accidents will happen.
f
I would sometimes travel alone.
00
·
e
·
f
3
3
9 That will[would] be Mary on the phone.
9
h
h
By now you will[would] have heard the news
·
will > would
·
will[wouldl have v-ed:
about your coworker leaving.
b
a
d
c
f
e
9
h
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
1
used to-v
(1) used
.
• I used to travel alone when I was on vacation.
(2) used
UNIT 14 B)
(
• There used to be a
T L. ___ ••• _ •• 1...1 L __
’
!’‘J' UIU
station on the coroer.
_1:_- _ ... _ ... : ___ ‘
J t.. U'-IVI ’
... L. ____ ‘ ( ’
VII
used
(3)
• I used to smoke.
066
U
‘
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
\...V ’
.
2
used
(1) used
used not
• I didn't use to p/ay outside. = I used not to play outside.
cf. I never used to play outside.
to play
!
used
(2)
to p/ay outside?
• Did you
• You used to p/ay outside , didn't you?
a
W iII you get me a cup of coffee?
cf.
Sha /l / c/ose the window?
= Do you want me to close the window?
a
will you
cf.
<shall I/we
would you
b
Would you please /ock the door?
b
c
If I were you , I would just te// her in person.
C
d
I would have done my homework, but I was in
d would have v-ed:
26 A
the hospita l.
e
I would like to meet my old friends.
f
Would[Do] you mind my taking a seat?
9
I'd rather walk (than take a bus).
a
UNIT 25
cf.
would like to-v:
would[do] you mind v-ing7:
would[do] you mind if ... 7]
9
would rather[sooner] A (than B):
c
b
e
e
f
f
d
9
/ in person
EXERCISE 05 ......... .
1
The car won ’t star t.
2 That will be my mother knocking on the door.
3
AII humans will die in the end.
4
Shewould talk with him for hours whenever she had a problem.
5
I’d rather leave tomorrow morning.
UNIT 21
067
should. ought
ought
a
ought
You should[ought to] drive more carefully.
a
·
b . should[ought to] have v-ed:
b You should[ought to] have stopped smoking.
·
·
c
d
He should[ought to] be back shortly.
C
If the flight left on time , they should[ought to]
d
·
should[ought to] have v-ed:
·
have landed by now.
b
a
1
1
a
d
c
I insisted that she (should) be presen t.
<should +
cf. I insisted that she was present then.
b
UNIT 29 A
It is essentia/ that drivers (should) wear a seat
belt while driving.
c
It's our wish that the secret (should) not be
revealed.
2
d
2
·
It is a pity that he should miss such a golden
opportunlty.
<should +
cf. It was a pity that he missed such a golden
opportunlty.
e
It is
UNIT 119 C
that he should say so.
How should I know?
9 Why should I be criticized?
f
068
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
·
cf.
f-g
·
·
3
h
3
should
If I should be running late, you can go to the
<should +
show without me.
4
UNIT 25
4
lest + S (+ should) +
UNIT 29 B / 67 C
We didn't move lest we (should) wake him up.
We didn't move for fear (that) we (should)
wake him up.
We didn't move in ca5e we might wake him
up.
We didn't move 50 that we would not wake
him Up.
5
5
(BrE)
It's rather dull , I should 5ay.
b
cf.
a
C
d
9
f
/ golden opportunity
j
h
i
run
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
1
shouldn
•
•
•
demand , require, insist, suggest , propose, recommend , order, command , decide
necessary, essential , important , desirable
decision , suggestion , wish , order
2
·
•
•
•
regret ,
natural , good ,
surprising , strange,
shock , pity
UNIT 22
069
EXERCISE 06 ....
1 You should (prepare , have prepared) for the test , but you didn' t.
2
We recommended that the meeting (was , be) put off until next week.
3
Since he was born in the 1940s, he (shall , should) be over 70 no w.
4
It is good that he (ought to , should) admit he was wrong.
5
He insisted that he (had seen , should see) the accident , but he hadn' t.
could · might. would ·
1
1
UNIT 85 A /86
a He said we could wait there.
b They asked if they might go home.
c They said it would be okay.
d She asked if she should bring a coa t.
2
2
e A: Could[Might] I close the window?
e
B: Yes , you can[may]. / No, you can't[may
f
·
Would you please turn off your cell phone?
3
3
·
9 That could[might]lshould/would be the pizza
-
delivery person at the front door.
b
a
e A:
070
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
B:
d
C
f
9
1
a < b < c < d)
a He might have missed the train.
cf. He may have missed the train.
b A: Who sent those flowers?
B: 1'm not sure. It could have been your mother.
c
+ have
1
It should have been sufficient for three people.
a might have v-ed:
cf.
b could have v-ed:
c should have v-ed:
d She would have left for San Francisco by now.
d would have v-ed:
Cfl She will have /eft for San Francisco by now.
Cfl
ch She must have /eft for San Francisco by now.
Cf2 must have v-ed:
••
She can't have /eft for San Francisco ye t.
2
••
cannot have v-ed:
2
·
e I would have gone with you , but I had to study.
f
I could have solved the problem easily.
9
If you hadn/t gone to bed early, you might have
e would have v-ed:
could have v-ed:
9 might have v-ed:
f
been late for schoo l.
h The show was wonderfu l. You should have seen
a , cf:
b A:
d, cfJ
e
h
h should have v-ed:
B:
c
9
f
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
i
l
c> o.
must ) will ) would )
ought to-v/should )
can ) may ) could ) might
(probable)
(possible)
90%
(certain)
can't ) couldn't ) won't ) wouldn't ) ought not to-v/shouldn't )
may not ) might not
• It must be true. = 1'm very certain that it is true. •• It can't be true .
• It could be true. = It is possible that it is true.
UNIT 23
071
EXERCISE 07 ....
1 A: 15 it true that he’5 dating Sarah?
B: It (could be , could have been).
2
Ted didn ’t 5how up. He (might forget , might have forgotten) the appointmen t.
3 A little bird told me 50mething wonderful (would happen , will happen) 5oon. And , it did happen!
4
The plant ’5 dead. You (mu5t have given , 5hould have given) it more water.
5 1(could do, could have done) well on the exam if 1had 5tudied harder.
1
1
a
Need I clean the room again?
b
A: Need you leave 50 500n?
B: Ye5 , I mus t. / No, I needn't.
You needn ’t 90 to the denti5 t.
c
need + S+
need
c
2
do[does/did] + S+ need to-v
00 you need to leave 50 500n?
cf.
cf. Oid you need to leave 50 500n?
f
f
You don ’ t need to 90 to the denti5 t.
a, d
b, e A:
c, f
072
S + need not[needn't] +
2 (need
d 00 I need to clean the room again?
e
(need +
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
cf.
S + don't[doesn't/didn't] need to-v
B:
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
! <needn’t have
(didn ’ t need to-V)
(didn ’t need
(needn't have
;
i ‘
u
gone[didn't need to gO] there
I
• You didn't need to go there.
.
/ He dares to say what he thinks.
• He dare say what he thinks.
-•
He's not afraid to say what he thinks.
1 (dare +
1
a
Dare you enter the haunted house?
b
1daren't tell him.
dare + S +
b
S + dare not[daren'tl +
2 (dare
2
c
Do you dare (tO) enter the haunted house?
d
1 don ’t dare (tO) tell him.
3
e
a
c
do[does/didl + S + dare (to-)v
d
S + don't[doesn't/didn'tl dare (to-)v
3
e
How dare YOu!
cf. How dare he suggest something like that?
f
A: 1'11 tell her everything!
B: Don ’t you dare (tell her everything)!
9
I dare say it'll rain tomorrow.
a, C
How dare you!:
cf. how dare
f
don't you dare
9
1
dare say:
= 1 daresay.
=
dare 1 say
cf.
b, d
f A:
B:
(BrE)
9
EXERCISE 08 ..
1
Do you need (wait , to wait) for him for 50 long?
2
You (need not , didn ’t need) to quit your job.
3
Sarah (needn ’t have rU5hed , didn ’t need to rU5h) her work , 50 5he jU5t relaxed in5tead.
4
How (need , dare) you do thi5 to me?
5
You (don ’t need , need not) 5peak 50 loud. I can hear you very wel l.
UNIT 24
073
1
(1) (May, Will) I sit down here , or (may, must) I keep standing?
(2) We (mustn ’t , don ’t have to) leave ye t. We ’ve got plenty of time.
(3) John ’s light is on. He (must , can't) be home; he (must , can't) be ou t.
(4) I feel sick. I (wouldn ’t , shouldn ’t) have eaten so much chocolate.
(5) He (would , used to) be my best friend , but we aren ’t friends anymore.
(6) I promise I (can ’ t , won ’ t) be late tomorrow.
(7) The chairperson recommended that the plans (are , be) changed.
2
CD He may have been il l. (= Perhaps he was il l.)
ø He must have taken a shortcu t. (= I’m sure he didn ’t take a shortcu t.)
@ You may not talk during the tes t. (= You are not allowed to talk during the tes t.)
@ There used to be an apple tree here. (= There was an apple tree here , but it ’s gone now.)
@ How should I know what he thinks? (= There is no way I can know what he thinks.)
[3-5]
3
4
5
I
go to the office by bus because my car wouldn ’t star t.
CD must
ø could
@ had to
@ used to
You were stupid to try to climb that tree. You
CD might
Øcan ’t
@ needn ’t
@must
have killed yourself.
@ shouldn ’t
When we got to the restaurant , there were no tables available. We
CD had better reserve
have reserved
@ have to reserve
074
@ might
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
ø must have reserved
@ could have reserved
one.
p.11
6
CD They must not enter the auditorium during a performance.
It can rain tomorrow.
@ You cannot be here when he arrives
@ It is strange that you should be so surprised.
@ 1dare not call her
7
(1) A:
B: 1
(2) 1
you like to go out this evening?
rather stay at home.
help falling in love with you.
(3) 1wrote down the date of his birthday lest 1
(4) 1like living in the city and so
forget it.
my husband.
[8-9]
8
-•
1(too, thank , cannot , him , much) for his kindness.
•
She Cwell , speak, refuse , may, to , to you) because she's in a very bad mood.
9
[1 0-12]
can ’t
may not
wouldn ’t
needn ’t
10 It is impossible for them to have accused him of stealing.
•
11
They
Perhaps he didn ’t apply for the job.
•
He
12 You don ’t have to worry about going to the doctor.
•
You
REVIEW TEST 075
13
CD Will you be going to Maggie’s homecoming party today?
Kevin: Of course. What time does the party start?
starts at 6:00 p.m. We only have one hour to get there.
Kevin: We
take a taxi. Her house is a bit far from here.
We@may wel1 take the subway. There's a lot of traffic right now.
Kevin: Okay. Why don't we buy some flowers for her on the way there?
Well , flowers @ would be nice , but 1think Maggie’s allergic to pollen.
Kevin: Oh , then how about buying a cake? Everyone @ can have a piece at the party.
Paul: That sounds grea t. Let ’s go!
[1 4-16]
14 The detective insisted that the suspect run away.
15 1could have dozed off. How long have 1been sleeping?
16 This building is now a furniture store. It would be a movie theater in the 1960s.
17
The ancient Greeks must have taken great pride in styling their hair. History tells us that Greek women used
to curl their hair and tie it into special knots at the neck and that sometimes they would have used saffron to
lighten the color. Even men may have styled their hair, seeing that they are known to have dyed it yellow or
gold. As time went on , the Greeks added different decorations to their hairstyles , which might have included
gold , silver or even flowers.
*saffron
076
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
GRAMMAR IN
p.13
1
One reason ballet dancers look so graceful is the way they hold their
bodies. Beginners CD must be taught how to position their heads. Both
head and gaze
0ught to be coordinated with arm movements , creating
gaze
coordinate with
profile
a harmony that makes each dancer appear confident and expressive.
Possible head positions include facing straight ahead , turned to a 45
degree angle , and turned to a profile. It is important that a dancer ’s
chin @ not be raised or lowered too much. If it is , the audience @ won ’t
be able to see the dancer ’s face. Dancers @ should also have avoided
appearing as if they don ’t know where they should look. That’s why they
always stare at something and never look off into empty space.
2
I
The food served on flights is described as flavorless or (A)
, but it turns out this may not be the fault of the airline
companies. First , the low pressure inside the cabin and the dry air
/
1
cabin
desensitize
taste bud
seal
combine to desensitize your taste buds to sweet and salty flavors! Also ,
food safety standards say that all meals (B) must / cannot be cooked on
the ground. The food is packed, refrigerated , and then reheated before
1
1
serving. This process (C) would / needn ’t modify the flavor of food even
if it were served on the ground! To try and make the food taste
1
1
some airlines have introduced techniques such as sous vide , where the
food is sealed in a plastic bag and cooked slowly.
(A)
(B)
(C)
CD unappetizing
must
would
unappetizing
cannot
needn ’t
@ unappetizing
@ unappetizingly
@ unappetizingly
must
needn ’t
cannot
would
must
needn ’t
GRAMMAR IN READING
077
BOOST YOUR GRAMMAR
[1 -2]
1
for (1)
•
....
·
look for
....
for the holidays.
CD caring
longing
@ applying
@ answering
@ wanting
(= try to find)
long for
We are
(= be anxious for)
We are all/onging for peace.
call for
2
later we will try to find a small apartmen t.
(= demand)
CD the present
The situation calls for prompt action.
a moment
@ good
@ example
care for
, but
We are staying in a hotel for
(= look after);
@ all
She cares for her sick mother.
I don't care for the new curtains.
apply for
cf. apply to
[3-4]
I applied for a scholarship.
3
Peter must be sick; it ’s the only thing that will
He applied to three universities.
for nothing
(= account for) his strange
behavior.
(= free);
for example[instance]
|’d like to keep a pet , for example , a dog.
for the sake of
4
(= for one's sake)
The opposition leader
(= called for)
an election .
He’s going to live by the coast for the sake of his
health.
account for
(= explain)
[5-7]
Can you account for your irresponsible behavior?
answer for
look for
for good
for the sake of
You don't have to answer for her mistake.
5
•
Ilet him have what he wanted
peace and quie t.
....
for a moment[while]
Can I speak to you for a moment?
for the time being
for good
078
6
She lost her handbag and wasted ten minutes
7
My girlfriend has left me
(= for the present)
(= forever)
G-ZONE CHAPTER 04
p. 13
1
There is not enough even land to build an
drive
airport in the region.
CD She liked him even when she was quarreling
The farmer was driving his cattle along the road .
with him.
The death of her son drove her mad.
ø She’5 even more intelligent than her sister.
end
@ Four, six , eight , and ten are even numbers.
(= goal)
@ A billiard table must be perfectly even.
He uses everything to his ends.
@ Even the cat refused to drink this milk.
even
(•• odd)
His even breathing showed that he was asleep.
2
(A) When does the class end?
even numbers
(8) The
(A)
express
I can't express how grateful I am.
an express train
(B)
(A)
(B)
CD last
- just
ø begin
- odd
@finish
- clear
@ point
- just
@ resume - expressive
face
1
turned fair.
was faced with a new problem.
fair
(= just);
(= clear) ;
(= exhibition)
It will be
tomorrow.
[3-4]
3
(A) Mahatma Gandhi was both a political and
religious
a book fair
in Indian history.
(B) I can ’t
out why he resigned.
figure
(+ out) (= understand)
an influential figure in the financial world
4
(A) A crisis will
us sooner or later.
(B) She wore a surprised expression on her
She does exercise every morning to keep her
1
can't figure out why she said so.
5
fine
a pencil with a fine point
Will the judge fine him heavily?
He was fined for dangerous driving.
CD punished by hard work ø punished by being hit
@ sentenced to death
@ found not guilty
@ punished by being made to pay money
80051 YOUR GRAMMAR
079
PRE VIEW
Mood) :
2nd, 3rd
•
æ
<if
(second conditional)
+
If you played tennis ,
<if +
(third conditional)
you would win.
+ have v-ed)
‘
If you had played tennis ,
you would have won.
would
*
•
It is essential that she attend the meeting.
cf.
she be, she
I/ he/she
would,
I/he/she
could
+
It is essential that she (should) attend the meeting.
<should +
if, as if, as though , unless
were
If 1 were you , I wouldn't act like tha t.
1.
2. <if were to-v[should
<if
were
081
•
-'2
S + would[could/might] +
if+ S +
...
•
1
·
a
'=7
As he doesn't know her name , he can ’t tell you .
b /f it were not raining , I would 90 shopping.
b
'=7
As it is raining , I can't go shopping.
2
2
a /f he knew her name, he would
c
you.
/f you came tomorrow, we would have more time
C
to talk.
d /f we saved $2 ,000 , we'd have enough for a
d
holiday next year.
3
·
e /f I were to be chosen as the winner, I would
3 if + 5 + were to-v
e BrE: were to-v
<should +
jump for joy.
If you were to move your chair to the right , we
f
f
know
could all sit down.
a
c
b
e
d
f
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
<if + 5 + should +
<should +
<happen
<if + 5 + should +
<should happen
+
.
• If you come tomorrow, we will have more time to talk.
• If you should come [happen to come / should happen to come] tomorrow, we will have more time
to talk.
082
G-ZONE CHAPTER 05
• If you came tomorrow, we would have more time to talk.
<if + S + should +
’l
.
• If you should see [happen to see / should happen to see] Harry, give him my regards.
If you see Harry, ...
EXERCISE 01 ...
1
If I knew his telephone number, I could call him.
2 If Susan were to make an effort , she could do better.
3
If he arrived only yesterday, he is unlikely to leave today.
4
If it rains , we will cancel the picni c.
•
if + S + had v-ed
S + would[could/mightl + have v-ed
•
.. .
a
If we had gone by car, we would have arrived
·
a
on time.
b
As we didn't 90 by car, we didn't arrive on
tlme.
The cookies would have burned if I hadn't
turned off the stove.
a
·
b
The cookies didn't burn , as I turned off the
stove.
b
UNIT 26
083
•
if + S + had v-ed
S+ would[could/might] +
if+ S +
S + would[could/might] + have v-ed
...
•
/
...
a If he had taken the doctor's advice. he
a
As he didn't take the doctor's advice. he is
dead now.
b
As she bought the expensive dress, she is not
able to buy [can ’t buy] a ticket to the concer t.
c
As Mr. Smith is a very wealthy man , he was
able to donate ...
might still be alive.
b If she had not bought the expensive dress,
she would be able to buy [could buy] a
ticket to the concert.
c If Mr. Smith were not a very wealthy man ,
he could not have donated $1 million to the
Red Cross.
b
a
c
Smith
were ,
a Were I in his shoes , I would accept the
a = If I were in his shoes ...
proposa l.
b Had we known it was urgent, we would have
b = If we had known it was urgent ...
called before.
c Had we not missed the train , we would have
been at the meeting on time.
a
b
/
084
G-ZONE CHAPTER 05
be in one ’5 shoes
c
= If we hadn ’t missed the train ...
c
EXERCISE 02 .....
1
If 1 (study) hard , 1 would have passed the exam.
2
If 1had caught that plane , 1(be) dead now.
3 If 1 had voted against him , he (have) to resign.
4
Had management (act) sooner, the strike wouldn ’ t have happened.
5 If Jane (hurt) her leg at that time , she could be a famous dancer now.
27 I
1 I wish
as if [though1
1
I wish she were here with me.
cf. If only she were here with me.
b I wish you could come tomorrow.
a
a
I want her to be here with me, but she isn' t.
cf. if
2
2
I wish+
c
I wish you had left that unsaid.
a
b
c
as if[though1
<1 wish
as if[though]
1 as if +
a
He acts as if he were the boss.
b
She looks as if she were sick.
cf.
She looks as if she is sick.
1
a
·
b
(as if +
M. r:::J 1
UNIT 27
085
2
2 as if +
c
Everybody acted as if nothing had happened.
cf. It looks as if you haven't finished your
·
c
cf.
asslgnmen t.
a
cf.
b
UPGRADE YOUR GRAMMAR
1 <1 wished +
+ as if+
as if
.
• I wished I were there to help her.
• I wished I had been there to help her.
• He talked as if he were the hero.
• He talked as if he had saved her.
2
I
as if
EXERCISE 03 ....
086
1
I wish I had more time.
2
I wished she had not mentioned my math grade.
3
You talk as if you knew everything.
4
She felt as if she were in a dream.
5
Betty ate the fried chicken as if she had not tasted meat before.
G-ZONE CHAPTER 05
c
a I would do anything for her.
a
If it were
asked me
b
if they had intended to do
b They discussed what they could have done.
If she
b
a
a With your assistance , I wou/d certainly succee d.
a
·
= If you provided me with assistance ...
b An American wou/d not use that word.
b
·
= If you were an American .
c To hear him talk , you wou/d take him for a
Korean.
c
d Born in better times , he wou/d have become a
great scientist.
d
a
·
UNIT 38 A
= If you heard[were to hearl him talk ...
·
= If he had been born in better times .
c
b
d
/ take A for B
(= mistake A for B)
e
a
It's time you washed your shir t.
a it is (high) time +
(
= It’ 5 time you should wash your shir t.
* high time:
cf. /t 's time to wash your shir t.
cf.
b If it were not for my smartphone , I wou/d
b-c
c
always get los t.
= Were it not for my smartphone ...
b if it were not for:
If it had not been for your help , I wou/d have
c if it had not been for:
but
fai/e d.
=
Had it not been for your help ...
UNIT 28
087
d
d
I'd rather you paid me now.
would rather
= I wish you would pay me now.
= I would prefer it if you paid me now.
e
A human brain is , as it were, a living computer.
e
(= so to speak)
b
a
c
e
d
04 .......... .
1
A true friend would help you in this situation.
2
Would it suit you at that price?
3
1
4
The same man , living in this century, would be a hero.
5
It is time we came to a conclusion.
6
If it were not for its various applications , a smartphone would be just a cell phone.
’d rather you hadn ’t told everyone about it.
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
a
He
that she see a lawyer.
b
It's important that the contract be signed.
It's important that the contract is signed.
c
The consultant's recommendation is that the
+ that + S (+ should) +
a-c
cf.
government lower taxes.
UNIT 22 8 , 119 C
d
She felt it better that her son not leave schoo l.
d
a
c
d
088
((should) not +
G-ZONE CHAPTER 05
/ recommendation
/ leave school
a
b
If ariy person be found guilty, he shall have the
right of appea l.
I didn't tell him the truth lest he get angry.
c
God bless you!
C
a
b
lest+ S (+ should) +
lest:
UNIT 22 B
= May God bless you!
d
Say what you wi// about his ethics , but he always
+
gets the job done.
d
e
Tryas they may, they will not succeed.
a
= However hard they may try ...
b
e
i
e
You can say whatever you want to say ...
UNIT 68 B
c
/ guilty
/ appeal
/ bless
LEARN MORE EXPRESSIONS
: be that as
may
come what may
so be it
if need be
(= if necessary)
EXERCISE 05 ..
1
He recommended that she Cdoesn ’t , no t) take the pill whose ingredients were unknown.
2
It is vital that you Cwill have , have) an interest in what you do.
3
They made a request that exams Cbe, were) postponed.
4
I put the book in her bag, lest she Cforgets , forget) to take it with her.
5
If he wants to do that , so Cbe , is) it.
6
(00 , To do) what you will , but please be carefu l.
UNIT 29
089