SHS Creative Nonfiction Quarter 4: Week 1 Module in Types and Forms of Creative Nonfiction ANGELICA JOYCE C. DELOS SANTOS Author MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY: Present a commentary/critique on a chosen creative nonfictional text representing a particular type or form HUMSS_CNF11/12-IIb-c-17 0 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Happy learning! 1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module. 2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. 3. Perform all the provided activities in the module. 4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card. 5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned. 6. Enjoy studying! EXPECTATIONS In this module, you are going to learn the distinction between and among creative nonfiction types and forms. By the end of the lesson, you are expected to: 1. Identify the different types and forms of Creative Nonfiction. 2. Explain the relationship of elements and ideas found in the various forms and types of creative nonfictional texts through a close reading. 3. Present a commentary/critique on a chosen creative nonfictional text representing a particular type or form. PRE-TEST Directions: Read each item carefully then encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following is a narrated biography of oneself? A. Autobiography B. Biography C. Memoir D. Personal Narrative 2. Which of these refer to a special kind of autobiography involving a portion of the author’s life as it relates to a person, or historic event? A. Personal Narrative B. True Narrative C. Testimonio D. Memoir 3. What is the best description of a biography? A. It is a true story that an author wrote about a famous person's life. B. It is a true story that a famous person wrote about his or her life. C. It is a fictional account of a historical event. D. It is a make-believe story that an author wrote about a famous person's life. 4. Which of these is a creative nonfiction form that comes closest to newspaper and magazine writing? A. Literary Journalism B. True Narrative C. Blog D. Testimonio 5. Which type of creative nonfiction relates personal experience and is usually told in first person? A. True Narrative B. Personal Narrative C. Autobiography D. Memoir 6. Sheryl wants to write her Personal Narrative, what is the first thing that she should do? A. She should outline one event in her life. B. She must ask a friend to peer edit her work. C. She should construct a stimulating lead. D. She must state a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. 7. Mylene likes to write about her experience and realizations about motherhood. What type of Creative Nonfiction should she write? A. Reflection Essay B. True Narrative C. Personal Narrative D. Blog 8. Denver wants to share his experiences at El Nido, Palawan last summer. What type of Creative Nonfiction should he write? 1 A. Memoir B. Travelogue C. Testimonio D. Personal Narrative 9. Robert, an activist, wants to voice out the struggles he experienced in fighting for freedom of speech. What type of Creative Nonfiction should he write? A. True Narrative B. Blog C. Personal Narrative D. Testimonio 10. Erich likes to write her daily activities in the internet and share it with her followers. What type of Creative Nonfiction should she write? A. Autobiography B. Personal Narrative C. Blog D. Reflective Essay LOOKING BACK Read and analyze the articles carefully, then answer the questions that follow. Article A Article B Boracay is a small island in the Philippines, located in the Western Visayas. It has a population of 32,267 as of February 2016. The sunlight glistens as it touches the water and the eyes. You can feel that you are heading to a territory where the sun holds its dominion. It is a place where bodies worship and revere the presence of that grand ball despite the physical and cultural differences present. You’ve read all about it before, and encountered the apt adjectives and glowing reviews. People around you swear about the effervescent qualities that can only be used for places of fantasy. It took some effort to get there. Tickets, boarding passes, and other necessities get tossed aside upon disembarkation. They do not seem to matter for you are here. You look again for the words that were thrown to your direction, or the articles you’ve read for a better way of comparing views. But they all get blurry as the scenes from the sea unfold before you. Your consciousness, for a moment, becomes a castaway. The island comprises the barangays of Manoc-Manoc, Balabag, and Yapak in the municipality of Malay, in Aklan Province. Apart from its white sand beaches, Boracay is also famous for being one of the world's top destinations for relaxation. As of 2013, it was emerging among the top destinations for tranquility and nightlife. Boracay was awarded as the 2012 Best Island in the World by the international travel magazine Travel + Leisure. In 2014, the resort island was at the top of the "Best Islands in the World" list published by the international magazine Condé Nast Traveler. In 2016, Boracay headed the magazine's list of "Top 10 destinations to watch. Source: Wikipedia Source: Travelogue: Boracay by Mango Tours 1. How is Boracay described in Article A? What specific details are given to describe Boracay Island? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. How is Boracay described in Article B? What descriptive details are given to describe Boracay Island? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which of these articles gives you a more vivid description of Boracay Island? Why? 2 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ BRIEF INTRODUCTION Creative nonfiction or also called literary nonfiction is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. It involves writing about factual personal experience, real people, or events. The writer can write about anything, such as a personal experience, current events, or issues in the public eye. Likewise, he/she can also inject personal thoughts, feelings, or opinions into the writing. These are different types and forms of Creative Nonfiction: 1. Autobiography - It is a narrated biography of oneself. It comes from the Greek, autos means “self”, bios means “life”, and graphein means “to write.” Autobiography is one type of biography, which tells a life story of its author, meaning it is a written record of the author’s life. Rather than being written by somebody else, an autobiography comes through the person’s own pen, in his own words. Some autobiographies are written in the form of a fictional tale; as novels or stories that closely mirror events from the author’s real life. In writing about personal experience, one discovers himself. Therefore, it is not merely a collection of anecdotes – it is a revelation to the readers about author’s self-discovery. An excerpt from an Autobiography of an Anonymous Soldier 2. Biography - It is simply an account or detailed description about the life of a person. It entails basic facts, such as childhood, education, career, relationships, family, and death. Biography is a literary genre that portrays the experiences of all these events occurring in the life of a person, mostly in a chronological order. Unlike a resume or profile, a biography provides a life story of a subject, highlighting different aspects of his of her life. A person who writes biographies, is called as a “biographer.” Most biographers use sources gathering factual information about a person’s life. These are: Primary sources – these are things like letters, diaries, or newspaper accounts. Secondary sources – these are other biographies, reference books, or histories that provide information about the subject of the biography. Life in Europe Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years and picked up a number of languages. He could converse in more than 10 different tongues. While in Europe, the young Filipino impressed everyone he met with his charm, intelligence, mastery range of An excerpt from Theand Biography of of Dr.aJose Rizal different fields of study. Rizal excelled at martial arts, fencing, sculpture, painting, teaching, anthropology, and journalism,3 among other areas. During his European sojourn, he also began to write novels. Rizal finished his first book, "Noli Me Tangere" (Latin for "Touch Me Not"), while living in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany, with the Rev. Karl Ullmer. 3. Memoir - It is a written factual account of somebody’s life. It comes from the French word mémoire, which means “memory,” or “reminiscence.” This literary technique tells a story about the experiences of someone’s life. A literary memoir is usually about a specific theme, or about a part of someone’s life. It is a story with a proper narrative shape, focus, and subject matter, involving reflection on some particular event or place. It is also reflective and emotional in form which focuses on a brief period of time or series of related events. The text is about the personal knowledge and/or experiences of the author and is written in first person from the author’s point of view. When someone you know and love dies, your life changes, and it is the change that fuels your grief. You can't call them or see them like you used to; you can only smell their cologne on the clothes that still hang in their closet. But when it's a fetus that has died, or a baby, or whatever you want to call it, your life doesn't change, and that's the strange part - because it was supposed to. An excerpt from “I Was Pregnant and Then I Wasn't” by Laura Turner 4. Literary Journalism/Reportage – It is a creative nonfiction form that comes closest to newspaper and magazine writing. It is a form of nonfiction that combines factual reporting with some of the narrative techniques and stylistic strategies traditionally associated with fiction. It is fact-driven and requires research and, often, interviews. Likewise, it is sometimes called “immersion journalism” because it requires a closer, more active relationship to the subject and to the people the literary journalist is exploring. Like journalistic writing, the literary journalism piece should be wellresearched, focus on a brief period of time, and concentrate on what is happening outside of the writer’s small circle of personal experience and feelings. After he was taken to a police station and beaten for the better part of a day, Santiago was led back into the streets and shot multiple times, suffering wounds to his chest and arms. Thinking him dead, one officer approached Santiago and placed a pistol next to his hand. Santiago waited, barely breathing as blood pooled around him, until he heard the hurried sounds of journalists arriving at the scene. He sat up, pleading for his life and waving his blood-soaked arms in surrender. By the next morning, local newspapers had already assigned Santiago a new name: Lazarus. An excerpt from the newspaper article entitled “The Catholic rebels resisting the Philippines’ deadly war on drugs” 5. Personal Narrative - It is a prose narrative that relates personal experience, usually told in first person. It is a form of writing in which the writer relates one event, incident, or experience from his/her life. Personal narratives allow, the writer, to share his/her life with others, vicariously experiencing the things he/she describes. The writer has to put the readers in the midst of the action, letting them live through an event, incident, or experience. Personal narratives also incorporate vivid descriptive details, as well as the thoughts, feelings, and reactions of the writer. A good personal narrative, like a good story, creates a dramatic effect, makes the readers laugh or gives them pleasurable fright. Although personal narratives capture true events, sometimes writers use hyperbole to illustrate a point or for dramatic effect. Softball is just not my game. I have a knack for always getting hit in the head by the ball. It doesn’t matter where I’m standing. The ball just seems to find me. My teammates gave me a glove and put me way out in left field. I didn’t complain. I just wanted to make sure I knew when gym class ended so I wouldn’t be left behind. Nothing happened the first three innings. Well, things happened but not in my little part of the softball field. I started daydreaming. The next thing I knew, I heard the 4 I put up my glove to protect my head, and an sound of a ball whizzing through the air. amazing thing happened. I caught the ball in my glove! Not only did I catch the ball, but I helped my team to win. An excerpt from “Keep an Eye on the Sky!” 6. Travelogue - It is a person’s account of a journey to another country or place. It can either be a written report with many factual details or a narrative story about personal impressions and experiences supported by images. People take the help of travelogues to know about a particular place before deciding to visit it. Travel writing, generally gives detailed information about the attractions of a place, so that, people will get tempted to go there for vacation. If you are worried that you won’t be able to enjoy Siargao since you are not a surfer, maybe this travelogue will convince you that there is more to this paradise than just surfing! Sohoton Cove National Park Tour- I am so amazed with this tour! I wasn’t expecting it to be that eventful, but oh my! Sohoton blew me away! Despite being very far from Siargao, and by far I mean a 2-hour pumpboat ride to Socorro, Surigao Del Norte , so much await when you finally arrive at the destination. The place was teeming with with huge rock formations and there were lush of greens everywhere! And kudos to the tourism office in Socorro, I have never seen a more organized tour than what they offer! An excerpt from “Travelogue: Siargao” 7. Reflection Essay - It is a kind of writing that requires the author to inform the reader about his or her attitude, idea or impression regarding a given topic. Writing reflective essays is meant to help its author describe how a certain event, person or experience has impacted him or her; or to describe the process of his or her personal growth during a significant experience (this can be a journey, an important class etc). For example, you may be required to write about a person who has had a significant impact on your life or career – it can be your teacher, your parents or your friend. In this case you will be writing to describe this person and explain how he or she has affected you and how your personality changed as a result. The day Joel was born, my mother took me with her to the hospital rather than my father. It wasn't a planned move, but Jake and my father were both feverish; I was the next best alternative. Sitting with her through every contraction, I gained a new respect for just how powerful and strong a woman could be in what might be considered their weakest moment. Holding her hand and feeding her ice chips, I gained a connection with my mother that I didn't realize we were lacking. The moment my new baby brother came into this world, I realized two things nearly simultaneously. First, you don't realize how much you need something until it's sitting in your lap. Second, my life after this moment would never be the same. The moment he curled his chubby little finger around mine, I understood the words "happy accident" completely. There are many different experiences in life that have changed a part of me as a person. But, nothing so profoundly changed my views and outlook on life like the birth of my youngest brother. Joel's arrival was a life-altering event that caused me to see the world through new eyes. An excerpt from “My Little Brother” 8. True Narratives - It is a real-life account told as compelling story. It has the drama of fiction and the force of fact that is presented in a variety of formats. It is also a true story 5 with plot, action, suspense characters, and settings which delivers a theme or a lesson observed. The events represent the facts. It is the most informal among the various types of essays, thus it does not follow a set of formats because the story is told according to the writer’s sense of style – the narrative voice. It wasn’t long after Grandmother’s winter visit that we learned she has Alzheimer’s, a disease that affects the brain. People with Alzheimer gradually lose their memory. They also behave differently than they usually would. Grandmother used to pride herself in an elderly home and a thriving vegetable garden. However, she gradually lost interest in these and other activities. Finally, in April, my mom had to move Grandmother to Michigan so that she could be closer to us. She now lives in a nursing home here in Lansing. My mom goes to visit her a lot. I know I should visit her more, but it’s heartbreaking. Grandmother no longer recognizes me or my mother anymore. An excerpt from “Losing Grandmother” 9. Blogs - A blog (a shortened version of “weblog”) is an online journal or informational website displaying information in the reverse chronological order, with the latest posts appearing first, at the top. It is a platform where a writer shares his/her views on an individual subject. Many blogs provide commentary on a particular subject or topic, ranging from politics to sports. Other function as more personal online diaries, and others function more as online brand advertising of a particular individual or company. A typical blog combines text, digital images, and links to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic. Originally, blogs were known primarily as places for people to write about their day-to-day activities. Their mundane, everyday tasks became fodder for journal entries. Somehow the writers gained followers and the hobby of blogging was born. Today, I decided to blog about the Broadway Boys concert experience instead of a Sunday Currently. But in case you are wondering, I am currently just lying on my bed as I compose this entry. Almost ready to hit the sheets. Before anything else, I would like to thank those people who expressed their love and support for me yesterday during #MaineSingsWithBWBoys. This is not about the hashtag count; this is more than the numbers. I am expressing my gratitude to all those who showed appreciation to our performance. Yesterday, I was sooo happy when the show ended. As in I am super glad that nothing bad happened. Knowing myself, I always feel like I’d fail in the things I do. That no matter how hard I try to convince myself that everything’s going to be alright, I still cannot shrug off that bit of negativity in my system. Still, before the show started, I summoned my inner Rancho.. An excerpt from Maine Mendoza’s Blog “Broadway Boys In Concert With Yours Truly” 10. Testimonio - The term “testimonio” refers to a kind of writing which comes from Latin America dealing with experiences of human rights abuse. It is a solemn attestation of truth. In literature, it is an oral or written autobiographical narrative referred to as “testimonial literature.” It is a first-person account of a person (narrator) which has faced instances of social and political inequality, oppression, or any specific form or marginalization. Testimonio as a form of narrative transcends awareness and descends toward political objective, questions about institutional power, the need to speak for justice, the creation of stronger pockets of resistance, the importance of solidarity as keys to building more equitable social frameworks. 6 Canadians need to be aware that we are part of this system. Not only here in the Canada through our immigration policies, but also in the Philippines where Canadian imperialism contributes to forced immigration. Part of our taxes goes to fund Canadian companies in the Philippines, and Canadian military training of the Philippine armed forces to help protect those companies and forcefully displace Filipinos from the countryside through marginalization. I want a Philippines with true democracy and true independence. I want justice for the marginalized and underrepresented. An excerpt from “My Story of Family Separation, Migration and Resistance” by Rhea Gamana ACTIVITIES Activity # 1: “True or False” Write T before each number if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. __________1. A biography is a narrated life story of one’s self. __________2. Testimonio is a form or narrative that deals with experiences of human rights abuse. __________3. The objective of Travelogue if to persuade people to visit a place and see its beauty with their own eyes. __________4. Writing reflective essays is meant to help its author describe how a certain event, person or experience has impacted his/her life. __________5. A reportage is a form of writing in which the writer relates one event, incident, or experience from his/her life. __________6. A True narrative is a literary genre that portrays the experiences of all these events occurring in the life of a person, mostly in a chronological order. __________7. A memoir is a real-life account told as compelling story. __________8. Originally, blogs were known primarily as places for people to write about their day-to-day activities. __________9. The literary journalism is fact-driven and requires research and, often, interviews. __________10. A writer may use imaginary experiences in writing a literary nonfiction. Activity # 2: Read the following excerpts below. Identify the type of creative nonfiction used. 1. “Einstein became deeply religious at age 12, even composing several songs in praise of God and chanting religious songs on the way to school. This began to change, however, after he read science books that contradicted his religious beliefs. This challenge to established authority left a deep and lasting impression. At the Luitpold Gymnasium, Einstein often felt out of place and victimized by a Prussian-style educational system that seemed to stifle originality and creativity. One teacher even told him that he would never amount to anything.” 2. “April 28, 2012, we arrived at Baguio City with my family, cousins, auntie and uncle. My auntie planour trip here in Baguio. She rent an apartment for us near the Burnham park for our stay overnight in Baguio.” 3. “My mother, Mrs. Beverly Santos was a registered nurse working for various medical institutions in the city, until she decided to retire in 2010. At present, she helps dad run the drug store. I went to school in Andres Bonifacio Elementary School and Cayetano Arellano High School, where I completed my elementary and high school education respectively. Then, I went to University of the Philippines, where I finished my degree in Journalism.” 4. “It’s funny how one night can shape your personality for the rest of your life. It is also a reminder for us to share the kindness, that others have shared with us. Together we are all humans, regardless of our skin color, opinions, beliefs or even hairstyles. We all have a heart and a brain, and those are the only things that matter in life. Just don’t let others taint your hearts with negativity; thus forever and always be positive.” 7 5. “Women struggled to become independent agents involved in determining the direction in which their country would move. They not only protested the political, economic and sociocultural domination of the military regime, but also sought to transform the existing situation and offered an alternative vision of society based on democracy, equity and horizontal social relations.” Activity # 3: Read any current article in the newspaper, periodical, or magazine about a pressing concern/issue of our country today. It can be an issue about social, political, religious, education, etc, Cut and paste article on the box provided, then critique its content using the given format. Title: ____________________________________ Author: ____________________________________ Type or Form of Creative Nonfiction: ____________________________________ Content: (Real life event present in the text) ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Setting: ____________________________________ Point of View: ____________________________________ Character/s: ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Language: ____________________________________ Purpose/Theme: ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Summary: ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 8 REMEMBER TYPES AND FORMS OF CREATIVE NONFICTION 1. Autobiography – It is a type of biography, which tells a life story of its author, meaning it is a written record of the author’s life. 2. Biography - is a literary genre that portrays the experiences of all these events occurring in the life of a person, mostly in a chronological order. 3. Memoir - It is usually about a specific theme, or about a part of someone’s life. It is a story with a proper narrative shape, focus, and subject matter, involving reflection on some particular event or place. 4. Literary Journalism/Reportage - It is a form of nonfiction that combines factual reporting with some of the narrative techniques and stylistic strategies traditionally associated with fiction. 5. Personal Narrative - It is a form of writing in which the writer relates one event, incident, or experience from his/her life. 6. Travelogue - It can either be a written report with many factual details or a narrative story about personal impressions and experiences supported by images. 7. Reflection Essay - It is a kind of writing that is meant to help its author describe how a certain event, person or experience has impacted him or her; or to describe the process of his or her personal growth during a significant experience. 8. True Narrative - It is a true story with plot, action, suspense characters, and settings which delivers a theme or a lesson observed. 9. Blog - It is an online journal or informational website displaying information in the reverse chronological order, with the latest posts appearing first, at the top. 10. Testimonio – It refers to a kind of writing which comes from Latin America dealing with experiences of human rights abuse. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING The Covid pandemic has created a huge impact all over the world and has affected millions of lives. As we embrace New Normal way of living, we tend to realize many things that sadly, we didn’t appreciate before the pandemic happens. In an essay of 500 words, write a Reflective Essay about your most unforgettable experience during the pandemic and share your realizations and insights about that experience. Your essay should contain the following essential parts: In the introduction, write a quote or a line of a song that is related to your story or ask questions that can stimulate the interest of your readers. In the body, narrate your most unforgettable experience during the pandemic. And in the conclusion part, describe how the experience has impacted you and tell how this experience contributed to your personal growth and your realizations about life. The rubric below will be used in assessing your essay. Excellent (5) Good (4) Fair (3) The ideas are arranged logically and transitions are smooth. The message is expressed clearly. Ideas are communicated vividly and meaningfully. The essay is free from grammatical errors TOTAL GRAND TOTAL /20 9 Developing (2) Poor (1) POST TEST Directions: Read each item carefully then encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following refers to a film, book, or illustrated lecture about places visited by or experiences of a traveler? A. Blog B. Travelogue C. Testimonio D. True Narrative 2. What is a Reflective Essay? A. An essay in which the writer looks at the similarities and differences between two or more people, places, or things. B. An essay in which the writer establishes a position and defends that position. C. An essay in which the writer thinks back on his or her experiences and how they created personal change. D. An essay in which the writer describes a key idea. 3. What is a True Narrative? A. It explores personal feelings and opinions about a topic. B. It is a story based on one’s personal experience. C. It is a real life account told as a compelling story. D. It deals with experiences of human rights abuse. 4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Blogs? A. It is informal diary-style text. C. It provides commentary on a particular subject. B. It combines text and digital images. D. It is limited to a single website. 5. Which of the following best describes a Testimonio? A. It explores personal feelings and opinions about a topic. B. It is a story based on one’s personal experience. C. It is a real life account told as a compelling story. D. It deals with experiences of human rights abuse. 6. Rica wants to write the story of her own life. What form of Creative Fiction should she use? A. Autobiography B. Memoir C. Personal Narrative D. Biography 7. Emily likes to write about life story of her favorite teacher. What form of Creative Fiction should she use? A. Memoir B. True Narrative C. Biography D. Blog 8. Which of these is a characteristic/s of a good travelogue? A. It provides Information to help the readers in deciding to visit a place. B. It gives honest feedbacks about the place visited. C. It has detailed information about attractions of a place. D. All of the above For nos. 9-10, read the excerpts then identify what type of Creative Nonfiction these are. 9. It is difficult to identify gaps in my knowledge as an English major, only because I feel like I have learned so much. I feel that I have largely expanded my literary analysis and writing skills, but I need to be prepared to teach high school students their required literature. I think it would be useful to identify commonly taught novels in our local high schools and study them myself. By studying the required literature and thinking about how to teach it, I will have a sturdy foundation to work from once I am in the classroom. A. Biography B. Reflective Essay C. True Narrative D. Literary Journalism 10. To me, Discovery Shores Boracay is a stark contrast to the island of Boracay itself, which now seems to be the polar opposite of its better resorts and hotels. It’s a bit ironic: the only time Boracay feels like an island paradise — which is how it’s marketed at times— is when you’re ushered into a resort specifically designed to hide what the island is as a whole and present you with a curated, insular — and quite honestly, artificial — experience that only shows you a particular slice of the island. A. Blog B. Travelogue C. Personal Narrative 10 D. True Narrative REFLECTION Reflect on the learning that you gained after taking up this lesson by completing the chart. What were your thoughts or ideas about the topic before taking up a lesson on the types and forms of Creative Nonfiction? •_________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________________ What new ideas or learnings have you had after taken up the lesson? •______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ BIBLIOGRAPHY Perez, Hansel Hope A., Ph.D, Creative Nonfiction Workbook, (Valenzuela City, Metro Manila, OLFU, 2017), pp. 89-143 http://www.angelfire.com/ex/pinoy/Html/Author.html https://www.thoughtco.com/jose-rizal-hero-of-the-philippines-195677 https://examples.yourdictionary.com/reference/examples/short-memoir-examples.html https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/18/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-war-on-drugscatholic-church https://wanderfullav.com/2018/06/20/travelogue-siargao/ https://examples.yourdictionary.com/reflective-essay-examples.html http://mainemendoza.com/broadway-boys-in-concert-with-yours-truly/ 11
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