What Skin Cancer
& Precancerous
Lesions Look
Like
Skin cancer is one of the most common types of
cancer, and early detection is crucial for successful
treatment. Recognizing the signs of skin cancer and
precancerous lesions can help individuals seek
medical attention before the condition worsens. This
article will explore the appearance of skin cancer
and precancerous lesions, helping you understand
what to look for and when to consult a dermatologist.
Understanding Skin Cancer
Skin cancer occurs when skin cells grow
uncontrollably due to DNA damage, often caused by
prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from
the sun or tanning beds. The three primary types of
skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma (BCC),
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.
Each type has distinct characteristics and warning
signs.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of
skin cancer. It usually develops in sun-exposed
areas such as the face, neck, and hands. The
following features may indicate BCC:
●​A pearly or waxy bump that may be pink, red, or
white.
●​A flat, flesh-colored, or brown scar-like lesion.
●​A sore that bleeds, scabs, and heals but keeps
returning.
●​A shiny, raised patch with visible blood vessels.
Though BCC rarely spreads to other parts of the
body, it can cause significant damage to surrounding
tissues if left untreated.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
(SCC)
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most
common type of skin cancer. It often appears in
areas frequently exposed to sunlight, such as the
face, ears, lips, and back of the hands. The signs of
SCC include:
●​A firm, red nodule that may be tender to the
touch.
●​A rough, scaly patch that may bleed or form a
crust.
●​A sore that does not heal or reopens repeatedly.
●​A wart-like growth that increases in size over
time.
SCC can spread to deeper layers of the skin and
other organs if not treated promptly.
Melanoma: The Most Dangerous
Skin Cancer
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer
because it can spread rapidly. It develops in
melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin
pigmentation. Melanomas can appear anywhere on
the body, including areas not typically exposed to the
sun. The ABCDE rule helps identify potential
melanomas:
●​A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not
match the other.
●​B – Border: Edges are irregular, blurred, or
jagged.
●​C – Color: Uneven colors such as black, brown,
blue, or red.
●​D – Diameter: Larger than 6mm (about the size
of a pencil eraser).
●​E – Evolving: The mole changes in size, shape,
or color over time.
Early detection and treatment of melanoma are
critical for a positive outcome.
Precancerous Lesions: Warning
Signs to Watch
Before skin cancer develops, certain precancerous
lesions may appear. The most common ones
include:
1.​Actinic Keratosis (AK) – Rough, scaly patches
or spots that appear red, pink, or brown, usually
on sun-exposed areas. AKs can develop into
SCC if left untreated.
2.​Dysplastic Nevi – Atypical moles with irregular
borders and multiple colors, which can
sometimes turn into melanoma.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any unusual skin changes, such as new
growths, sores that do not heal, or changes in
moles, consult a dermatologist immediately. Early
diagnosis is key to effective treatment and
preventing serious complications.
By staying informed and performing regular
self-examinations, you can help protect yourself from
skin cancer and its precursors.