Pathways: Listening, Speaking, Critical Thinking

5ЕсоNй Ер]тJр_дi CriticalThinking -_ 'J "l lli PAUL MAClNTYRE l NAT|oNAL сЕосRАрнlс LEARNlNG Раrhrrцs 4: Llstenlng, speokln& dп.l crft lcal Thl nklng, 2пd Edlilon @ 20]8 National ceo8raphic Learning, а сепgаgе Lеаrпiп8соmрапу ALL RlGHTs RESERVED. No раrt ofthis work covered Ьу the copyright hеrеiп mау Ье reProduced or distriblted in any form or Ьу апу means, except а5 permitted Ьу u.5. copyri8ht law without the pr orwr tten perm]ssion ofthe publisher:sherriseRoehr ExecUtivё Editor: Laura Le Drёап "National Geo8raph с", "National Gео8rарh с so.iety" and the Yеllоw Border Desi8nareretsteredtrademarksoftheNatonalбeo8raphicsociety Мапа8iп8 Editor:]ennifer Мопа8hап Associate Development Editor: Lisl Bove DirectorolGlobalandU.5. Marketin8:lan Product Market]ng Мапаgе.: Tracy Bailie мёdiа Rеsеэrсh: Leiia Hishmeh 5enior oirector, Production| мiсhаё BUr88ren Mana8er, Production: Daisy sosa content P.oject мапаgеr: Mark Rzesz!tek seniorDiBita! ProductManager;5cottRUle Forproduct info.matioп and tесh.оlояуаssisъп(е, contacr us at сеп8а8ё t.аrпi пt cU зto mer & sa 1.5 5 црроrt. .еп8а8э..о п/солtа ct For permission to use materialfrom thl9 tet or producl sUbmit aL] геquеst9 on ine ar сеп8а8ё,.оm/рёrmisзiопз FUпhеl permis9ions qle{ions .ап Ье ёmаi ed to р.rmi5riопr.qчвt@.€п8.8..соfi student Edition:978 ] зз7-40774-3 sЕ+опlпеWоrkЬооk:978l.зз7,56254-6 National Geo8raPhl( L.arning 20channe centerstreet ManOfact!r п8 Рlаппеr: Mary Ьеth НеппеЬ!rу lnteriorand cover Desi8n: Brenda carmichae Art Director: Brenda carmichael composition:MPs North America LLc Nat]onalGeo8raphic Learnin8, а Сепtаtе LеаrпiпgСоmрапу, has а miss оп to brin8theworld to the classroom and the с a9sroom to life. with our En8lsh lап8ча8ё pro8rams, students lеаrп about the r Wo.d Ьу experiencin8 it, Throu8h our partneбhips with NationalGeo8raphic and TEDTalks, thеуdФе opthe 1an8ua8e апd skills they need to Ье successfu 8lobalcitizens and leaders Locateyour ocal offi се at international..engage.Com/.e8ion visit NationalGeographic Learnrn8 on !пе at NGL.centaF.coп/ELT visit ou r corporate wеЬыtе at ww.(€пtаtё.соm |'lllll Ntlllllkl (l1 llrlll \(]ll )ll)) I l ntents <,-,? 5соре and sequence iy lntrodu(tion to Pathrvays 1 чпвдtl cHдt lB1,lcBs 2 pпoTBcTll,tc тнЕ wlLD 2? 3 ВЕАЧТY АND АРРЕАRАNСЕ 4? 4 GolNG GtoвAt бl 5 MlGRATloN 8, 6 TRADlTloN AND PRoGREss 7 MoNEY lN ouR LlvEs 8 HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 9 тнЕ MYsTERloUs MlND 1 0 тнЕ FUтURЕ оF FооD ,8, ?01 721 141 /61 I ndependent 5tudent Handbook 20] i Vocabulary Index 216 I l I l Rubrics 218 IndexofExam skills and Tasks 227 l r.ooe and Sequence Lesson А . Listenlng for а Вhutап (With slde show) . Using ап ldea Мар А student presentation about TRADlTloN AND PRoGREss page 101 л|АL)Емla !нА(к Anthropo Oqyl5o( ology MoNEY lN оUR tlvEs раgе 121 АсдDtмlaтRА(к @ correction Pleserving Endangeed Lаnguages Lesson В А DBcU55ion aboUt American lndian Lands Lesson А Ап nterview about Мопеу and . Listen]ng forshifts in Happines9 .5Ummariz]ng Topic @ Bitcoln:The NeW Way to Рау Lesson В А conVeбatiOn about Money Economic5 HEALTH АND TECHNOLOGY page 14l АtАDtмIстRАaк Неа th/Technolo9y ТНЕ MYSTERlOUS Mlt{D paqe 161 АaАDЕмlс IRАtк P5ychO ogy/Brain 5с еп(е Lesson А . Llsten]ng for А Lecture about Big Data ]n Health care (Wlth 5lde show) . Uýing а T-chart @ Biking in the c ty Lesson в А podcast about F]tness Gadgets Lesson А . Recognlzing Appositives А Podcast оп the Bla п апd nte!igence (Wth ! ide show) . Highli9hting Сопсlч5]опS @ Memoly Мап Lesson в А conVeБatiOn about Memory Lesson А А Lecture about GM |-oods ТНЕ FUТURЕ оF FооD ро9е 1Bl А(лDЕмствА(к EnV ronmentalstud е5 AS5e5rments (W]th 5lde show) @ tarming the 0реп 0сеап Lesson В А сопvебаtiоп about Food Prces . Listening for 5Uggestions , The cornel Method speaking & Presentation vo(abulary Grammar& Pronunciation critical Th inking . Us пg Rhetolica ouestons collocat]ons: . Verb + obj."ct + . Spe,rking Wth conlidence Verb/AdjectlVe Le55onTask + PrepoSition nlinit]ve . stless n Ad]ective Noun combination5 cOndLrctin9 ап ]nteru]eW Еосч5: Thinkinqoutsdethe Вох Ana yzing, Appying, Evahat ng, tinalTa5k 0r9aniz ng dear, Pred ctinq, Present n9 а Trad t оп Synthes z ng . Refelencing Research studies [esson Task choosing the Right Definition . connectors of (oncesson , Linking Vowel Sounds DBcUss n9 P!rchases and Наррiпе5r Analyzing, EValUat n9,019aniz n9 FinalTask dea5, Predictin9, Rankinq, А Role,Piay about F nancialAdvice . Emphasizin9lmpoltant nfomation Fосч5: lnterpreting Vbuab Refl ecting, Synthesizinq Using . Noun clauses Wth Ihdt Fосчs: 5упопуms . Dropped 5у lables 5ynthesizin9 lnformation . Engaging YourAUdience Lёssопта5k Evaluating, lnterpretin9 Vi5uals, A55e55ing А СitуЪ Health Making lпfеrепсе5, organizing FinalTask ldeas, Ranking Presenting оп а Неа th Tech Product . Exprersing causal Re atio п5h ipr suffixe, d4 . U5inq Gestures . subject-Verb A9leement with Quantifrers [e55on Task . Reduced tUпсtiоп DBcussin9 Learninq 5tyies WordS FinalTask Fo(us: Eva Uating concluslons Analyz ng, cOnclUd ng, EValUating, Rankinq, 5ynt hes zing Speak]ng abouta'Life Hack" . Refer]ng toGroup opinions lnvestigating LessonTa5k Authentic Role-Play пg а ToWn На lMeet пg LangUage FinalTask Making а tоlmа Proposal . 5ubjunctive Verbs п Ihotclauses tосч5: categoriz п9 . RedUced AUXilary Phra5eS Апа yzinq, Арр yin9, Eval!ating, Reflectinq lntroduction to Pathways Pothylqys Listening, sреоНпg, опd critical Thinking, 5есопd Edition u5e5 compelllng National Geographic Stories, photos, video, and infographic5 to bring the world to the c]assroom. Authentic, relevant content апd carefu ly Sequenced еS5опs engage Iearner5 While eqUippln9 thеrп With the 5klllS needed for academic success, Explole the Theme IиoNEY-HoW Do WE SPEND lT? ****-,,,;._ ф*-|,i.t ,1:_.' *- i ,r,,? ' _'1 \) prov des а Vis(.]a ]ntroduction to the Unit, engaging earner5 асаdегпiса ]у and encouragin9 them to 5hаIе ideas about the unit theme, .. Ф ts_ , ЕлR,чф Kbiaýylйшrydfщ фрalmj ] NEW ntegrated ]stening and speak ng act v t es help prepare students for5tandardized tests such a5lELTS andToEFL. UPDATED иidео sections Use relevant Nationa Geographic video clips to g]ve еаrпеr5 another perspective on the Unit theme and further practice of lStening and critical thinklng skills, l istening Skills опе way ь fu6'9 е ачthепl. еяm ъtопm К,я.hanqinelwi lёt!п mэпу l] NEw Vocobulory skills help students develop essentialWord bUilding too s such as Understanding collocat]on5, Word formý, and connotation, aЕф Listening possoges incorporate а variety of isten пg types such as podca5t5,lectUre5, interVieW5, and conVersatlon5. a a-Lфф-Фfuйфitrф"ft NEW srlde 5how5 for selected listening passaqes integrate text and visuals to glve earners а mоrе aUthentic listenin9 experience, UPDATED Explicit listening and note-takin9 skill instIuction апd practice prepares StUdents to listen and take notes in academic Sett nq9 Speaking and Presentation Skills speakinglessons gUide earner5 frоrп contro]led pract]ce to а fina speakinq speaking taSk Wh ]е leinforclnq speakin9 skil15, glammar for speaking, and key pronL]nc ation points, Mo.,EP.l".t ý.м '.tl: ЁaчD] Heleare юmе suggest ons to help you enqaqeyouraUdience, Аtфе Ье9 nning ofyo!. p(esentation, aýk ýomequen опs that сап Ье answeled . . As applopl ated0ling your presentat on,askforone ol more . you ol to цоч de ап ехаmрlе for а poinl |-ocus on how the ро nts you ale maknq сап benefrtyoUlaud епсе,Whеп you do, ch{kifфeyagree . Use.hetorcalquen ons toencouraqe your audiencё to th]nk aboul something, to nvrethem to agree with yo!,orto askquen ons you th nkyouraudience А FiпоI тds* alows еаrпеб to con50lidate their Understanding of content, anqUage and sklll5 а5 they collalrolate оп an acadernic presentatlon. *. - 1 P]esentation ýkills sUch as start пg 5tron9, usinq speclfic detai15, making еуе contact, раu5lп9, апd sUmmarizinq, help lеаlпеБ develop conidence and fluency iп commUnicatin9 ideas. - U RBAN # cHAL LE NGES *} \ L,а .l : J Ё,ъý ъ ý: ! Дwоikеr in Wa5hinqton, D.(., lnllalls а t.iple-9|ared window lna building designedto m.ct ýtrict "green,building" ltandard5. AcADEMlc sKlLL5 tlsTENlNG Undelstanding the lntrodUction toa Lecture [Jsing АЬЫечiаtiоп5 5PEAKlNG 5ignaling Add itiona l Aspeds ofa Topic Linkin9With Word,Final t cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG Predicting гl THlNK AND DlscUss ] What challen9e are9reen buildings intended to ýolve? ln addition to Windows, in WhatotherWays сап buildings Ьё made "9reen"? 2 Would you mоче toa city that i5dealin9 with challenges 5uch а5 overcrowdinq7 Ехрlаiп. EXPLORE ТНЕ ТНЕМЕ Lookatthe mар апd read the information. Then апswеr thequeýtions. 1. ln your own Words, Whalis а са5rпора]lап hatspot? AtaOrism hatspat? 2. Have you v Sited апу ofthe hotspots оп the map? fso What Were уоur lmpress]on5? lf not, Wh ch Wou d you like to Vislt? \ 3. What other ctieS not on the map do you think are cosmopoltan or touTism hotspoк? Why? 4. What potentia cha lenges cou d re5]dentS ofcosanopolltan hotSpots face? of tourisrn hotspot5? skyline о' Riyadh. saudiArabia _, ,;il,i ..lr -" . т n til )l о lo, ою r' 2 uNlT l WORLD ClTlES: HOTSPOTS Ц, r-З тЁraз- Гrri 'ill :Si. I l :-Б t *,\ ' URBAN сHALLENGEý з VосаЬulаrу MEANlNG F ROM coNTEXT ЕЕ Read and listen to the information. Notice еасh word in ыче and think about its mеапiп9. URBAN CHALLENGES ТоdауЗ Urban areas face а variety of pollUtion into harm ess chemicalS that are challengeS,one сhаllепgе is а ýca]city of land for housing,To addre55 this probem, some residents ofTokyo ,Japan, havefound then washed offroadwaysWhen lt rain5, The smog-eating n,]aterialhas also been effectively used in rooftllesln Los Angeles, а unique so utlon:theyare having homes construated on pieaes ofland as smal а5 prioritized, californla,Whereair pollutioncontrol is З44 Square feet (З2 5qUare meters).These "mlcro-homes"allowresidentsto live с ose to centla lTokyo and are mUch more afbrdable than traditional homes lп that alea, Despitetheir Size, mапу micro homes have Severalflooб and big windows that maximize 5UnIight, Мапу Urban areas also suffer from poor to pollUtion and srnog,r airqual]tydUe , Whatcan these cities do to regulate the amount ofchemica]s from cars and factorie5? опе innovative solution has Ьееп deveoped Ьу an ltalian соmрапу: 5rnog eating cement,The cement contain5 а substancethat converts Another Urban chal enge is findin9 creatlve wayý to build pUblic parks, gardens, and outdoor areas When space is liгnited, lп 2002, the city of NeWYork, for ехагпрlе, authorized а рюjесt to tlапsfоrгп the High Line, an Unused railroad ine, into ап e]evated urban park. Тhе funds necessaryfor thi5 renovation рюjесt Were prov]ded through donations, апd it Was rnoney Wellspent, The Hiqh Line has become one ofthe most inviting public Spa.es in the city, Visltols can stroll through the gardens, relaХ оп the 5Undeck, оr attend publ]c art exh]bitsand 5pecial event5, ,moq(i)Jcombnarionol5mokeaп.]lo!]that.anddmag.lhebeatlrOlhumans,pantsandanimas ffi Match each sentence Ье9iппiп9 to its endin9 to complete the definitions ofthe words in bluefrom exercise А. ]. When there sa scarcityofSometh]ng,- 2, Something that i5 affordable.,' уо, maximize,o-,lhnq,. 4, То regulate Someth п9 mеап5 5. An innovative idea is 6, lfa project i5 prioritized, 7, fa ploject s authorized, 8, То plov]de fund5 to а project means- - а а оUilоiгg с lп I eed о[ renovation, '0,'о5trоll-пеdг,_ || а, it leqUires rераlБ or ]mрrочегпепt5, Ь, to Wa k slowy ln а reLaxed Way, there isn't enou9h of it, d. it i5 given special importance, е. it ls given official approval, f, you incfea5e it as гпL]сh а5 possib е. 9. пеw and creatlve, h сап Ье bought at а reasonable price, i, to control it. j, toqve t money. vocABuLARY sKlLL Word Families: Suffixes Knowing а Word means learnin9 its diffelent forms, or its"familyl Кеер а log of different Word formS, Here are examp es of Word families, Nочп creotarkreotion vеrЬ cla|sifrcation classif/ Adjective crcative classifred Оftеп the d fferent forms ofa Word have diffelent end п95, or sl]ffixes, Here are soane aоmгпоп sUffixe5. Noun verb Adjective -оrc, iry, ize d/-ed, -oble, -iпg, -iye С complete the chart With the correct form5 ofeach Word. Use а dictionary to help you. Adjective NоOп afford ]. affordable 2. aUthorizat оп innoVat]v-" з, 5 priority a 6, regulate 7, renovate Work With а раrtпеr. What other challenges do cities face? What are 5ome 5olutions? Discuss your ideas. Тhеп list them in а Т chart in your notebook. l rzl 'щ Рёорlеstrоlliпg through the Hi9h Line park in New Yorkcitи UsA UпBAN cHALLENGEý 5 LiStening А Lecture about venice, ltaly вЕFоRЕ LlsTENlNG PBED]cTlNG _$ Lookatthe photo. Сап you gue55 how ma пу tourists visit vепiсе each year? How do - you thinktourists help the city? HoW do they hult it? Discuss youl ideas with а раrtпеr. WHlLE LlSTEN lNG LlsTE lNG sKlLL Understanding the lntroduction to а Lecture Lecture ]ntrodUctions often have two parts: . ln the first palt, the speaker plovides backgroUnd infolmatlon about the topic or reviews what was covered n eallier lectureS. . In the Second part, the speakef аппоUпсеs the spec]fic topic to Ье disc!59ed апd explainS how the infolmation Wi l Ье presented, L]nderstandlng the structure ofthe introductlon сап improve your liSten ng соaпрrеhеп5]оп апd help you organ ze your ecture notes. В ПЕ Listen to the lecture introduction. Then answer the questions. '1, What topic did the lecturer previously 5peakabol]t7 d, lôw IoLIism lâs affe(led Waterway reooiI5 Ь, difficultie5 Venlce faces related to floodlng с, WhereVenicefind5 fUnds for arge pro]ects 2. Which specjЛ.topic is today'slecture goin9 to Ье abolt? а. the problem offloodln9 Ь, the effects ofthe MOSE project с. the effects oftourism in ven]ce Toorists enjoy а gondola ride iпvепi(е. -!Ц IIь пЕЕЕ ], Listen to the entire lecture. check {,/) thеthrее main ideas. the iгпрасt ofto!rism on city 5erv се5 2,- LlsTENlNG FоR MAlN lDEAs howtour]Sts couJd chanqetheir behavior з, the causes of increased tourism iп Venice 4,- the effeats oftoulism on residents ofvenice 6,- the benefits oftourism for Venic-" 5, the dlawbacks ofVis t пg Venice as а tourist oTE-TAKlNG sKlLL tjsangAbbreviations Thele is no rl9ht Way to abbreviate Wolds,The important thing ]5 to remember Whatthe abbrevlation гпеапS Whеп yoLJ review your notes, Good note takers create their оWп abbreviations and Use thегп con5]Stent у. Here are some examp е5 of abbreviatlon5, aboUt/around ^ less/more than </> M/mil B/bl mil lоп bi ]оп negative iS/is са ]edl пеq/- means number # thousand К posit]ve ро5/+ Wth й рюЬеm Prob Wthout йо ElE Listen to ап excerpt from the lectule. complete the notes With abbreviations from the skill Ьох above. Nо,tЕ TAKlNG tаr сеfi,vе| ___p@_ol |ааdiпq Д,aquеаl2 МO9Е Prolecr: > 5€rоu5рrоD s5 - |aaawaftr5 - апN2ОЬаr|еrэ toLrrigm ?rйlаЬе To,Jli1ft\ -= WorkWith а partner. What otherforms ofabbleviations do you see iп the notes above? с R l т l с А L т Н l N к l N G REELEcTlNG What are 5оmе examples ofabbreviations you use in уочr notes? : АFтЕR LlsTENl NG Discuss these questions with а partner ], Based оп the lecture, what i5 the attitude ofVenetian residents toward tourists? Use с R lTlc AL т Н lN KlNG: MAKlNG lNЕЕRЕNсЕ5 information from the ]ecture to 5Uррогtуоur answer, 2, What is the lecturer's attitude aboutVenice's fUtUre? Explain, URBAN CHALLENGES 7 Speaking sPEAKlNG sKlLL Signaling Additional Aspects ofaTopic Durin9 а presentation, speakers often use signal phrasesto introduce additional aspects ofa topic,This helps listeners follow аlоп9 With the presentation, Here аrе some соmmоп phra5e5you can Useto introduce otheraspects ofa topic ,4]олq lvjth (previous у mentioned ldeas), sесапdПhird.,. Дпаthеl роiпt 1wont to moke is thot,.. Let mе odd that . . . YoU can а so transition between topics Without signalS, Д ПlЕ Listen to an excerpt flom the lecture. complete the T-chart beloW. Side ofTourism Negative Side of Tourism I Positive Tra5h eft behind Generates а lot of mопеу is crowded in parts есопоmу ofthe ТоUrlsгп pays for clty People have to it related Seriou5 cRlTlcAL тн lN KlN G: А PPLYlNG WorkWith а partnet Take tUrn5 answerin9 the following question: What чrЬап challenges does а city you knoW face? Take one minute to prepare апd two minutes to present youl answet Use sjgnal phrases to introduce additional aspects ofthe topic. GRАммАR FоR sPEAKlltG PassiveVoice We Use the act ve Voice to en]phasize the aqent, ol the'aoer/ofan actlon: lп Venice, touri|tsleove о lat af trash behind, We Use the pa55ive Voice to emphasize the object ofthe action, t is Used When the agent оfап actlon ls not known or i5 not irnportant,The Ьу phrase is often omitted. lпvепiсе, а lot of trаsh is left Ьеhiпd (Ьу tourists). The passlve voice is possible п а lVerb forms (present, past,fUtUle, continUous, perfect,.,,) Use the correct form of be + the past partic]p е ofthe main Verb, Publlc porking lats frlled up апd wele closed. The рrоЬlеm isn't going to Ье solved Sоап, Маrcапd mоrе resldents ole being folced ta leove the city, Gочеrпmепt funds have Ьееп dedicoted to the pюjecr. а UNlr l ' about с lT lc А L т н lN к G or ANALYZlNб чl5UдL5 WorkWith а partner Lookatthe visuals below. and completethe conversation the mаiп features ofthe МО5Е pюject. Use the соrrесt form ofthe verb in the active passive voice. R l N А: According to the photo and diagram, the MOSE flood barrier ploject соп5i5l5 (conýist) of three ballieБ. В: Right and the barrie15 (locate) ]n three places:in the Lido, Maiamocco, апd ch oggia ln ets, А: lt looks like the balr ers Usualy В] Yes, they э (stay) оп the seabed (raise) When high tides апd storms (forecast) ln those cases, air (pUmp) into the hollow qates to гпаkе the barriers rise, В: Each barlier has 78 gates, Which (move) independently of each (adjust)as needed, other, so they сап And When the threat offloodin9 5 gone, the barriers (loWer) into the seabed. D Work With а partner. summarize the most important features ofthe MOSE flood barrier project in venice.lnclude information поt mentioned in the conversation аЬочё. Use the passive voice to emphasize the object ofthe action. > The qatescon Ье rctred iп З0 minLltes_ Е Work With а partneL Do you think the МО5Е barrier Will stop floods? Explain, What otherdefenses сап cities use to prevent flooding? MOSE Project How it works Adriati( sea Ь€ as mчсh аý 4 ft, below Оm;;., uRBAN снлLLЕNGa t ' I F Work in а small group. lmagine that you live Ьу the осеап and your city was hit Ьу а powerful hurricane. Describe the disaster using the verbs below Use the passive voice When appropliate. blow off damage injUre ose destroy rescue flood hit trap Wash away Whot о lerrible storm! Му dоg rоп off, Ьчt lL)ckily he wa| rescued Ьу 5оmе neighbors, Му house is аК. ft wosп'l domoged too mчсh. Yоч'rе iucky! Му соr wos hitw о tree, ]t's destroyed! Luckily, по опе iп пyfomily wos LESsoN TASK Evaluating the lmpact of Tourism с R lт l с д L Т Н l N к l N G : ft *- Workin а smallgroup. Look at the list of topics. HoWdoestourism im pact these aspects EvALUATlNG ofUrban life? Discuss your ideasWith уочr group, Add your оwп topic(s)to the list, pUblic tran5portation job opportUnitieS for re5idents culture (arts, restaurants, and museums) hiStor]calsite5 the cost ofliving the c]ty's repOtation с eanline55 othel: overtwo milliоп international touri5t9 viýit Пiо de Janeho. Brazil, ea(hyear. lfu_l lo "t UNlT 1 В choose а tourist city that you know What are the pros and соп5 oftouri5m there? QRGAN zlNG lDEA5 Write уочr notes in the chart, city cons Pros EvE RYDAY l_A NG UAG Е TurnTaking why dоп't l/yau sta lt? l'|lstort. ga бt/пехt. l'1l с fr Wha wапts to go hlsl/next? Does апуопеwопt to 9о frlst/next? Does опуопе miпd if ] go frlst/next/losr? Rejoin your group, Useyour chart from exercise В to tellyour 9rочр about the impact oftourism on the cityyou сhо5е. Ехрlаiп your ideas and answerquestions from the gloup. Use phrasesforturn taking. Д,| Who wопв to qo Лrst? В| l'll sralL l chase Muscat. Muscot i5 the copitol af аmо1 lt i5 о beautjful ciry, опd tourjsts flom allovq the wold visit.Tour]sts brinq lo\ ofodvantoges but о]5о 5аmе рrоЬ]еms. .. .t. с R lTlcAL THlNKlNG: ",Ёi'.. : !', т ,, ý| 'оIо. ffiшlчt[л UI ;lffiы rГl ,ll ,ps -, вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG СR lT lcA L THlNKlNG Predicting Befole lЫепiпg to а ect!re orWatch]n9 а Vldeo,|ookat the t]te and any accornpanyinq v]suals,and pred]ct What you Will lеаrп about,Thlnking aboutthetopic in advance wiLl make you а more active listeneTand ]псrеаsе you r com р rehenslon. cRlTlcAL тн lN KlNG i PREDlcTlNG А тhе video i5 about Brooklyn Grапgе, а соmрапу working to solve some of the problemsofurban life, Look atthetitleand photo,Then discuss the questionswith а partnet , What benefits do you think thele are to 9rowing vegetables оп а rooftop? 2, tarming inclUdes rпоrе than jUst 9rowing vegetables, What other types of farming ] could Ье done on а rooftop? 12 uN|T r v L]Eo Match each Word from the videowith its mеапiп9. Usea dictionaryto hеlруоU. ], (п) 2,3, 4, - 5, _ - гпоmепtum а, to do something first pioneer (adj)core (n) revenue (v) Ь, main, central с, income produced Ьуа bu5ine55 orgovernment d, separated, disconnected (adj)alienated е. increased speed ofdevelopment or progress WHlLE vlEWlNG f,lE Watch the video. check (,/) the points that the speakers make. ], Е Rooftop fаrгпiпg 5 hav ng an епоrmоUs effect оп clties everywhere, 2, П Веп tlannerdiscovered UNDERSTANDlNG MAlN lDEA 5 h]s passion forfarm п9 When hecameto NeWYorkcity, З, Е The farmers have 9iven conslderation to the soil and Water, 4, Е Rooftop farm5 connect the community With the prodL]ction of its food, 5, Е The farrners' objective i5 to provide most of NeW York city's Vegetab es, ý@ Read the questions. Тhеп watch the video а9аiп. Take поtе5 а5 уоч Watch, Write по morethan three Wolds ol а numbelto answereach question. UNDER5TANDlNG DETAlLS ], ls rооftор farrning practiced on а arge scale or а sma l Scale? 2. What type of creatures does thell apiary bUsiness invo ve? 3, HoW lonq did lt take to move the So Upontotheroofl - HoW do the Stones in the soil compare to а typical rock? 5, About hoW much storm Water а year does each farm manage? 6, What inflUenae do the farms have оп 'UrЬап heat ]s and effect"? a Look back at уочr predictions in exercise А, Were they correct? Tell а partner cHEcKlNG PREDlcTloN5 АFтЕR vlEWlNG ! With your partner, discuss the questions. 'l, What ехреriепсе do you have With PEB5oNALlzlNG 9rowin9 vegetables or laising anima 5? 2, Do you feelconnected to the production ofyour food? Explain, З, lf you Were given funds to set Up а farm to raise crops and animals Within your city or town, Where WoUld you put it? HoW could you involve your community? UпBAN cHALLENcEs t! VосаЬulаrу А пЛаtсh each Word or phrase With its definition, Use а dictionaryto help you, ], relatin9 to people With the same clllture, race, and traditions (adj) Ье unique to 2, -affluent З, - to оссчру а position in а list ol in relation to other people ol thlng5 (v phr) confo.m (v) 4, - (adj) 5, -dеьаtаые (adj) епfо]се (V) 6, -dominant ethnic (ad' 7, 9, - internalize (v) rank (v) ]0, - d to eХist only in опе place or situat]on е having а strong influence t - 8, - с. to make sUre that а rulе is obeyed (V) to make а belief part ofyour way ofth]nking s to limit, often Ьу offrcial rules or 1aws h not celta in; que5tionable i, Wealthy j, to behave in the same Way as other people -restrict А, тhеп article With the correct form of а Word flom exercise l ЕЕ Co.pt"t" the answers. listen and checkyour slNGAPoRE 5ingapole i5 one ofAsia's most interesting countries groups, and l]ke all laws in Slngapore, they are strictly Агпоп9 allthe nations ofthe World,5iп9ароrе 5 опlу ] 76th in size; nevertheless, , With it i5 аmоп9 the mo5t _ Ьу the aUthorities Things such as selL]n9 chew]n9 gum, litterlng, and Ьу law.Whlle even spitting are aL Singapore, an average income ofabout L]Ss61,000, N,4апу these aws,some ofWh]ch oelieve lhat 5iг9dро!еЪ P(onomi( tU((e(5 iч may sUrpr]sefiБt tlmevls]tors, most 5ingaporeans have thern, and forthe most part, they dueto the leadership ofLee KUanYeW 5iп9ароrcЪ follow the lules and laWS WlthoUt thlnking aboUtthenr, first prime Minister His ideas have Ьееп п Singapore for decade5. Most singaporeans believe that stlict 1aws are 5iпgароrеЪ modelofsuccess is unlike that оfапу necessaryfol an order]y апd 5ecLJre society,They are other country,The гпоdеL is а combination of two Willing to ideas:the епсоurа9егпепt ofbU5ines5 and 5tr]ct laW5 l]fe in 5ingapore гпоlе pIeasant. However, for some that regUlate many aspects of life, то follow thi5 model, singaporeans and реорlе from other countries, the the реор е ofsingapore have leamed to live and issUe is ап ordelly Way,Thele are aws encoulaqe cooperation between 14 Ultlт 1 L that are too restlictlve, to the synem if it гпаkе5 They algue that the laws complete the chart With the correct form ofeach Word, Тhеп complete еасh sentence below With the correct form ofone of the Words, Use а dictionary to hеlр you. Noun I skyline of singapore at пi9ht Adjective VеrЬ debatab е enforce 2 ranked restrict on pub с beaches and in mапу parks, ], DoqS are 2, The two candidates for president held а pUb с з, lп the United States, а law against chewing gUm Wouldn't Ье easy to 4. D ln the 20]6 World Happine55 Rероrt, Singaporeans 22nd in happiness, Read the stаtёmепts about 5iп9ароrе, Guess ifthey are true оr false. choose Tfor Iruе or F for Fаlsе. Then check уоч r а nswers at the bottom of the page, ]. Thecrearn colored g]ant Squirre i5ananima thatisunique to Sinqapole, Т 2, Тhе argeSt ethnic group in 5 ngapore iý Malay, Т З n Singapore, Whеrе you сап eat lсе cream Testr cted Ьу aW. Т 4, Singapore has а 5рес а gочеrпгпепt aqency that enlorces Т ]5 t F F F апt corruption laW5, Е Work in а small grочр. Discuss the questions, PE8soNALlzlNG ], What isa tradition that 5 Unique to your fam y?Toyourculture? 2. What is an mportant Va Ue you have interna ized? Explain how it impacts you, З, Descr Ье а time Whеп you chose to conform to What other5 Were dolng, Do you think you гпаdе the light cho се, or did yoU regret t later? 1,tltpaDr]ýa]]oUs r)],€l(а5эчч]slа]оdрбUБ!ldпо]б]Uчlа$абrе|а.]0] ar t:su]l$sNv URBAN cHALLENGEs l5 Listening А Conversation about Siпgароrе BEFoRE LlsTENlNG с R lT l с А L т н l N к l N G: ] PRED ст NC With а partner, pred ict the answers tothese questions about singapore. ] What do уо! th nk 5 nqnpore s f.rmolrs for? 2 S |!]ароrе iS а city state What do you th nk aily ltdte mеап5? З, Look at the photo, Why do you th nk the Меr ion WaS сhо5еп а5 the 5уmЬо of 5 пqiроrе? WHlLE LlsTEN lNG LlsTENlNG FоR В ПВ Read the statements, Then listen to the conversation about singapore, choose MAlN lDEAs I fol True о( F fol Folse. ], The паmе sйgарU],d.пеапs 'lion city," 2, Singapore i5 rich in natora resources. З, Nearlyallthe people ofSingapore Ье оп9 to опе ethnic group, 4. Тhе spirit of,(idsu is about enjoying life every minute. 5. Nick thinks the laws ofsingapore are too strict, 6. Sofia believes Strict laws are а positive thing, Т Т Т Т Т Т t t F t t F Соmраrе уочr answersto ехеrсisе В With а раrtпеr. Revise thefalse statements to makethem true. The Mellion, а ,tatue that i, halflion, halffirh, is the symbol of singapore. --:_:,:, ,= fr la UNlT ! --5-Е:_-- Р ЕВ rЫеп again. completethe notes With по morethan two Words or а number. LISTENlNG FоR DETA lL5 ]- 5in9.started off а5 а 2. Modern sing, founded in з. Sing, i5, 5q. rnile5, 4. 5ing, = % Urbanized 5. 5ing, есоп, ranked the 6, moSt ]nnovat]ve ]n the Wrld, Lee kuan yеwз deas = dominant lп for 50 yrs. 7- АFтЕR Ll5TEN lNG With уочr partner. discUs5 the5e questions. PER5oNALlzlNG ], Do you have the spirit oflldJu? Explain, l N ýr N \ 2, Do you thlnkthat Singapore'slaws are too stlict orthat they're beneicla ? Explain, 3, What аппоуiпg behaviors that you see in public Would you like to Ье restricted or гпаdе illega]? Lookatthis list ofregulations iп singapore and the maximum fiпе5 and penalties they carry. Take notes оп What you think the purpose of each regulation is. сR lTlc А! тн lN KlNG: EvAtUATlNG l Re9ulations and Репаltiёs PUrpo5e '], Selling chewinq qum (5]00,000 or two уеаБ п prison) 2. spitting in pub ic (ý1,000) З, Аппоуlпg people Ьу playing а mus саl instrument in public {$],000) connectin9 to another реrsопЗ Wi tl (5'l0,000 оr three years iп prlson) Eorgett ng to flush а pub ic toiet (around ý 150) A]low n9 mosqu toes to breed in уоUr empty flower pots (s200) 7. teeding pigeons (ý500) Work in а smallgroup. Discuss whetheryou thinkthe regulations iп exercise Е Ье а good idea Whereyou live. > l guess gOm сап cause рrаЬlеm| whеп peaple don't thюw ir owoy рrорегlу. stil!, ] think l'd wапt il outlowed аrочпd here. аФJ,.ч)\2 ъ'7 PERsoNA w ;/ ьг)ьO{)fim]J) ьпhmплm1\\\q о\ LlбкдRY LlBRARY /i UBBAN cHALLENбE5 1' Speaking РRОNU 1{clATlo1{ Linking With Word-Final t ПЕТhе letter t at the епd of а Word links Wlth the пехt Wold in these WayS, ] , When t l5 fo owed Ьу ап unstressed Wofd that Ьеg]п5 W th а vowel, the t i5 plonoUnced lke а qUickdsound. stdteolsound5 ]ke.rtddoF yyhdtdboUt sound5 like иr'hdЗоЬоUt 2, When ri5 followed Ьу а Wold that begins With а соп5опапt (other than tord), ho d your teeth and tonque lп а t position, but do not release ait strе€t cc, n Sounds фht по!,/ sol]nds like фht лоrу з. when t i5 followed Ьу you oryour, the t becomes soft,like ch. like streeUdn Whdryou sounds like,vhqshyu don'tyou sounds likedoл.hyu Look at the followin9 pairs ofWords. HoW i5 the final t of the first word pronounced? Write the phra5e iп the correct column below З. hit us 2, Upsetabout 4, What now ], at you Е@ 5, thought yol]r 7, eight ot ock 6, notyou В. not really Listen and check your ап5Wеr5 to exercise А. Then listen again and repeat the phrases. Еш Listen tothe conversations. Рау attention to the pronunciation ofeach wordfiпаl-tтhеп take turns practicing the dialogs With а partner. ]. А: ldidn'фear Whaltou said abou!]Mhich plan We'l priolitize, Вi l'm sorry,l'lI sayilngain, 2, А: Do you Wanllome tips on pLanning the renovation? в: Yes, l Would. And how abot]lsome help With building regUlation5? з, Аi AbouLфalhudgell submitted, На5 jlbeen aUthorized yet? В: Not yet, 4, А: WhаЦrеуоч qo]ng to do to rnaximize renta 5? В: See thа!зd? We?e goin9 to pL]Llt€veryWhere опliпе. 5 А: Whа!зrе you so чрsецЬоOt? В: НачепЦоU heard? Thele are по fUnd5 for thallroject| 18 UNlT 1 flr г / l' ýt ь Work with а partner. Read the statements related to different UrЬап issues. Do you agree or disagreeWith each? Explain Why to your partner с R lTlcAL THlNKlNб EvALUATlNG > l ogree thot smaking should Ье prahibired iп оl public ploces. Sесапd-hапd smake is чпhео|rhу. 1, t's impossible for реор е from different ethnic groups to live together iп реасе. 2. ltЗ the 9ovelnment's respon5ib lity to provide hoUsing for homeless people. З. BillboaldS beside the road are ugly and di5tractin9, They 5hould Ье illegal, 4, lп clowded cities, the government 5hould limit the nUmber ofcars а fагпilу can have, 5, smoking should Ье prohibited in all public places, both indoors and outdoors, 6. Pets should Ье allowed in restaurants, shops, and movie theaters, FlNAL TASK Presenting а Problem and Solutions You and your partnel Will present а ploblem affecting а city апd рrоро5е solutions to the рrоЬlеm, work with а раrtпеr. Discuss problems affecting а city you аrе both interёsted in, Make а list, Useyour own knowledge апd experience. lf necessa rу, research the city, РRЕ5Е ТАТlО1{ 5KlLL Presenting in Pairs Whеп dlviding Up mаtеrlа for а palr presentat]on, you сап try different techniques: . Siгnplydivide the materalto plesent in hall . Take а 'tag team' approach Where you take tUrn5 plesenting the Various points. This сап help keep the aUdience's attention for onger plesentat опs, but avoid switching backand forth too rnUch, . Assign different раrts ofthe presentat оп baSed оп Who is best qua ]fied to present each раrt, lt's imрогtапt to consider the strengths ofeach presenter, А qLra ified presenter 5 more confident апd Wiil make а better imoresslon оп the aUdien.e UHBAN CHALLENGES 1С о RGAN lz lN G lD EAS А, Discuss l With vour Dartner, choose опе of the problems уоч discussed iп exercise organize map to the spider Use - the ciuseiof the рrоЬlеm and possible solution5, your ideas, practice 9iving the Decide Whо Will present each part ofthe presentation, Тhеп presentation апd make апу adjustments needed, PRESENT!NG with your partner, presentyour problem апd solutions tothe class, А| We'd tjke to tolk oboul the ploblems with the фrrепt publ]c tronipaltotion Sy|tem, Thi5 islue isn't L)niquetaour ci[y, but ,.. В| Опе ploce ta stolt js to rcquest that the city mоdеrпjzе the subwoy stotions As а class, decide which pail presented the most innovative solution , ,, to an urban challenge. REFLEcTloN ], What are 5ome u5eflrl abbrev]atlon5 yoU can use to take notes more quicky? Here are the vocabuLary Word5 and phraseS from the unit, check (/) the ones you can Use, П affluent пaffordable 2. What is the moSt usefu! оr interesting thing you learned in th]s Unit? п authorize Е Ье uniqUe to п confolm щ Edebatab е lш П dominant @ 2о UNlT 1 Е П rank Eethnic@ П lequlate Е Eenforce OfUnds п renovation ' Einnovat]velE п resтict@ п intelnalize' Escarc]ty Emaximize@ Е stroll Е prioritize@ 2 :{. Г\Тrd тнЕ WILD l 7 lE p.ogram iп,outhern Kenya re(ruit5 Lion Guardianr аmопg the :l llц: г Maaraito monitor Iion mочеm€пtýапd prevent Conf|icts with herde15 and (attIe. AcAD Ем lc sKlLL5 tlsTENING Activatin9 PliorKnoWledge Takin9 Notes dUring а Q&A sPEAKlNG Яespondin9 to ап Argument saying and Linking -5 Endings THlNK AND DlscUss ] Where аrе these mеп,апd what aretheydoing? 2 What are some lёа5оп5 that an imal5 becomeextinct? З Who do уоч thjnk should Ье responsible for proteding endangered 5pecies? Gочёrп mепt57 Соmрапiе5? citizens7 cRlтlcAt THlNK|NG Evaluatjng Alguments in а Debate 2l о EXPLORE ТНЕ ТНЕМЕ Lookat the photo and read the (aption. Тhеп dis(uss the questions, 1. Where are the mап and the gori la7 What do you th nk the man's reSpons]biit]es are? 2. HoW does the photoqraph make yoU fee ? Expla п, l {- Read the infographic and discuss the questions. 1. What do the l] ап ma 5 have ]п согпгпоп? 2. What ]s the Photo Ark? What iS ts purpoSe? v1 i. t,/ lLD l ( 8r ) r Е Е мЕЕт SOME оt тнЕ SPEс|ES FAclNG EXT|NcTloN lN тнЕ WlLD (оF тнЕ 7,000 SPEclES lN тнЕ рното ARK) l Many species are endangered and could \ disappear in our lifetime5. Тhе National Geographic Photo Ark, led Ьу photographer Joel sartore, i5 а lопg-tеrm project that aims to: . photograph every 5pecie5 SoUTH cHlNA TlGER Iiving in the World'5 zoos апd other protected area5 . teach and inspire the Jt public . help save Wildlife Ьу 5upportin9 various EDWARDS,s PHEASANT project5 l l"l * MlтcHELL,S LoRlKEET Ji ARAKAN FOREST TURTLE "ýR \. It' 'i' ý АтЕ Lo PU S NANAY NoRTHERN WHlTE RHlNo у-- Jлý вUттЕRt LY S PLlTFlN SUMATRAN ORANGUTAN .,l. :,} PARTULA SNAlLS RABBS,tRoG (ExTlNcT) coLUl\,,1BlA BASIN PYGl\4Y RABBlT (EXTlNcT) р RотЕ с TlN G тнЕ WlLD 23 VосаЬulаrу М EAN lNG FВОМ coNTExT EIIEI Read апd listen to the information Notice each Word or phrase in blue and thinkabout its meaninq. l sAvETHEWHALES! of the пеаrlу 90 species ofWha е5 and do]phin5, nearly al have Ьееп affected Ьу human activity, A.eallwhaleýendangered? а5 Not all, but many, The popu]ation5 of гпо5t species of baleen Whalesr, 5Uсh iý today status b ue and humpbacI whales, have been significantly reduced,Their _ of ib"i"rutt оr.о.."оlu Whalin9 flom the ]Bth to the 2oth centory, Fоr hUndreds wiped оut, u""rr, thev'ue оее. ,о|о 'oI meai dnd oil, апо some 5рFсlе5 Wдlе пеd'|Y ,oe(io, (om ot ьd|ее1 * fiVe nq bact, цi1l,р.]q1-, 95t wrale populo1,ons l-ave орр1 toothed Whales are Wha е5Ъlе sti]l endangered, апd the evidence shows that mапу oui.HUnting, ha bitat destru сtiоп, а пd pollUtion allthreaten in dangerofdying wha е populations п each са5е, hL]rnans are to ыаmе, What kinds ofconse]vation effortý are takin9 place? tоr popt] ations, , (]Wc) а Ьап оп commelcial imposed example theinteinatlonalWhaLin9 commisSion *natino, ond the Un тео States has Ьееп leaoin9 аг eftolt to phdse oLt whale (omplelely, Neverthe pqs, а гL-Ьеl ofcoult,ie) (olt nue lo 1Jnl Whales, Мапу оп9оiп9 conservation strategles are he ping Whale hчгtiгб Сап whale populatlons recover? A]though it may Ье too late for some species, there are some 5i9пS that gray Whale, Wh]ch Was conservatiБn efforis are Workin9, Fоr eхample, thecalifornia endangered, i5 no longer nearly extinct has made ап аmЪzlпg recoveryand Howcan you help save thewhales? donate youl 5о that time to conservatibn organl-zations. tinally, you сап modifyyour behavior сап help you create а5 little WаstЁ as possible, lf we all participate iп these efrolts, We the5e ma9nificent animal5 thrive. YoU сап help Ьу learning about Wha]es and their habitats,You сап ! that separate й|е€п wha|eJ (n): whales that, ]nstead of havinq teeth, hare р ates п lhe l mouth 'pha* out (v): to bl nq to an end iпа gladualmanner fФm the wate, 'ood North Atlanti( right whaIes wёrе heavily huntedin the 1gth and 19th (entu.ies. Theil паm€ (ameflom hunte15,who said thatthey were th€'tight" whale for ь 24 UNlI ] Ёh-:, ==:.= ,sЕýцd llý Е в Match each Word or phrase With its definition. ]. ale to Ь агпе (v phr) а. аrе responsible for doinq somethlnq wrong з, _ 4. ext]nct (adj) Ь- contlnu]ng to happen habitat (п) с, а state orcondition at а particulartime imposed (v) 5, 6, 7, 8. modiry (v) d, the natura envronment оfап anima]orpant е. to glow or develop very Well 2, _ - ongoing (adj) status (n) - (v) (v) 9 _thrive -threaten ]0, out (V рhr) -Wiped l comp etely elimlnated or destroyed 9, to putat liskor in danger h, по longer existing;died out l, forced something оп, SUch а5 а law or puni5hrnent i. to chanqe slightly vocABuLARY sKtLL TWo-PartVerbs With our TWo part verbs, а 5о called phlasa verbs, are common in speaking, often the two Words together hаVе а new meanlng. Learn them to help you Speak more naturaly. n two part verbs, out has three bas с meanin9s, ], outside, or from insideto outýide: eor a|Jt, toke aut, let aOt, lock out, ]еауе aOt ManyVerbs of motlon сап Ье Used With out:9o оut, ruп aut,fly out,walk aut 2. то dist]ibute: 5епd out, hопd aut, giче aut, poss aul З, То finish or end completely: die out, Fddе oUl, phase aut, wipe out, bock aul, siqn oul,woitaOt choose the correct verb or verb phrase to complete the sentences, ]. Опе coL]ntry (backed / backed oL]t)ofthe Whalinq Ьап agreement atthe laSt rninUte, 2, The first a9reeгnentto legulate WhaLlng Was (si9ned / signed out) in'l946. З, Whales are good Survivors, and veryfew Species have actua]ly (dled /died out), 4. When the stоrm beqan, our ship headed into рогt to (wait it / Wa]t it out), 5, Brlti5h adventurerTom МсСlеап р anS to (cross / cross out)the Atlant]c in а Whaleshaped boat, 6, А mап Was (handing / hand]ng out) brochore5 for а Whale-Watching tour, 7, This сару of МоЬу Dick i5 miýsin9 pages. Someone (tore them / tore thегп out). 8, We should а so protect dolphins, Let's not (leave them / leave thern out), D Work in а smallgroup. Discussthese questions. ] , Whale-watchinq tou15 ale populal arollnd the world, Why аrе people fascinated cRlTlcA L тн lN KlN G: BEFLEcTlNG Ьу Whales? lfyou have sееп а WhaIe, What Wa5the experience ike? 2. ShoU d ban5 оп huntin9 Whales Ье imposed on ечеryопе? Ехрlаiп, З, HoW do humans modiryaniгnalhabitatý in ways that сап threaten the anirnal5? 4, What are ехагпрlеs of "modiryinq behavior to create a5littLe Waste а5 posslble'? 25 LiStening А Q&A Session about ап Extinct Species вЕFоRЕ LlsTENlNG рв ED lcTlNG ! Work in а small grоUр. Look at the photo апd read the сарtiоп.Тhеп di5cu55the questions. ]. What kind ofhabitat do you think thi5 bird lived in? 2 lhe dUsl,y seaside spaI,oW Thedusky5ea!ide bird ýрёd€s of southem 15 noW extinct, What do you think ale some possible causes for its extinction? З. What types oflaws could protect endangered anima]5? 4, What are some drawbacks ofpassing aws to protect endangered Species? PREvlEWlNG t ПШ Listen tothefirst part ofa question апd answer (Q&A)session and lookatthe student notes. Notice the use ofabbreviations апd symbols, DU5w 5еаэiае 5раffа,лl Exlinct 'tal: Forrner babitaL Me.nt l9|., FL cau5e1 of extinclion 1 . Сhеm' uэеа Ьr ki|linq mo5q5. 2, Моdilеd у\/еl|апd1 cHEcKING PBEDlcTloNs ! - па |onaef gаоа habltatfor эра.rо\уэ Look back at the pledictions you made iп exercise А. Wеrе they correct? WHlLE LlSTEN lNG ltОТЕ-ТАКlNG sKlLL Taking Notes during а Q&A Whеп taking notes dUrln9 а talk preSented in а question and answel (Q&A) fоrrпаt, it 5 helpful to оrgап ze your notes accolding to the qUestions and their responses, Nurnber the questions (Q/, Q2, etc,), Ве oW each qUestion, Wlite notes оп the ansWeI, numbering (Я 1,,42, etc,) and indenting them as needed, ol: what caused extinction? А] : Destruction af hobitot 26 UNlT 2 @@ Look at the поtе5 for the Q&Д session. Notice the format. Then listen and complete the notes опiу for the questions (Ql-Q4). NoTE TAKlNG ou1ky Эеа5 dе Эраr.аw (D55) Q1: D55onlyоп Меrrit ]9l, iп FL, Lot5 of wеt|апds & rro5qui|,oe5 пo5q5, сhеmт ki ьа l Dээ сhеп5 09еа tor о5э. Dlеd ou1, W|пdб fiаd|f,еd Nо |апаr а2: А2: Ye5. Mu5l PlolecN anima|5 & lheir The 197Э Епdlповrвd (Е5А) Proucl5 both Ек 5lee|heaa tro|l & Со umЬlа Riч. Ьоlh protecled QЗ: А3: ЕЭД aitrclt Lo f| ly Опооiпq conf,i,ct betw & qa\+ Ех: бrау wolf 0псесоmmоп in N,Anr,; '] 9Эа5 пе2r|у w реd olt 197 Э, wo vе5 р.оlесkа Ьу Е5Д - ban ап Рапсhеr5 wa|t r |hl ta о4 'hool \\a|ve9 that threalen thei апm 5 паw v..1973 5itйtion of епdапqrа 2п mа|9 iэ Now > 1,4ОО in U.5, on епdа|grа i5Ъ 39 эрес. rепоvеd-ап|у 1 4 recovra, 9 ertinct:,, оlhеrэ = mi5t ake МбапWh l€, паrе 5Pecle'l.a Ье ^ddеd to iэt Е ПЕЕ Listeл а9аiп and complete the notes for the answers (Д]-А4). Write по more NoTE тАк NG thап two words or а пчmьеr for each blank, АFтЕR LlSTEN lNG l Work With а partnei What are 5оmе rеа5оп5 We should саrе about the extinction сR lTlc At тН lN KlNG: ANALYzlNG of5pecies? р н отЕс TlN G тнЕ wlLo 27 Speaking 1 ,uraroo" LANGUAGE suqqesting ldeas on,o"ot l oh_ tьпол! !I BRAlN5ToRMlNG iu" loL -" ,__-, ' " у-, Howфhaloboul "? Did опуопе soy ... vet| ] Workin а smatlgroup. Look at the list ofdifferent habitats, Brainstorm examples of i,Jsethe plants and anim;15 tЙat live iп each опе and the dапgеrs thatthey may face, the chart, bxpressions in the skill boxto suggest ideas, complete polar ?a|al йаr de5elt rainfore5t ocean А уочп9 polar Ь€аr leapý Ь€twееп i(e lloeý iп the ва]€пts sea. svalbard. With your group, have а discussion about the dangersyou Wrote iп exelcise А and What the animals mi9ht do Whеп faced With such dan9er5, А| Meltjng jce сап thleoten опimаЬ in а pald habitot-polol beors, for ехоmрlе, В| ]ogree. ]thiпk ir farces thebeols to swim lопg distопсеs whеп they hчпl iп the ареп осеоп because there's па ice ta restan- > L., ,l # \*; '>ь G R ДМ М А R F О R s Р ЕА Kl 1{ G Essential Adjective clauses We Use ad]ective claUses, also called relative с auses, to glve гпоrе inforгnation abouta noun,Thead]ectve claUse UsUallycomes afterthe поUп it ls гпоdiб/lпg, An adjective claUse i5 introduced Ьу а rе ative pronoun, Who,,1/hom and thdtare used for реор е, Whlch апd thdr are Used for things. п essentia l adject ve с auSes, thdtis preferred, l4lhose ]5 Used for po55e55ive5, Essent а adjective clauSes provlde inforгnation that ]S necessary to ident ry а noLJn, The information is поt opt]onal, and commaS are notLlSed to Separate the claL]5e. The biпlsthot ore ол the fепсе оrеwrепs. The sсiепd*ууhо didthe reseorch isavoi]oble to оп'wеr quеstiапs. When the le ative plonoun ls the subject ofthe с ause, it is followed Ьу а yelo, We sow а \panow thot wos eoting сromЬ' оп the 'idewalk. When the rе ative pronoun s the object ofthe clause, it s fo owed Ьу а sцý]ес]l ygb. Тhе relatlve plonoun is optional in this caSe, The birds (thot) ууе 5ее iп ош yold о lot аrе frпсhе5. lrho,P I noJ. i(, LФd Io iгd.аlе ро(\е,(iоr, The bikl|whose hobitot wo' destrcyed ore at risk afextjnction. WorkWith а partner. combine the sentences into one. adding an adjective clause after the underlined почп. ], Thepo се п tlated an ]шеs!цдiоо, tledtosevera afiests, 2, The Wоmап i5 an advocate for protect]n9 Wildlife. she's 5peaking tonight, З, l know а л]ал, Не keeps two tigeб as pets. 4, lthink it Was а hbcLbeаl, tWastobameforal the tree damage, 5, There are mапу peQpE,Theycare about endangered species, 6, Тhе dodo Was а flЦ[!]eýrhtd, lt Was Wiped out in the ] 7th century. 7, rre5pon5ib е actions shou d Ье fined, They hаrгп Wild lfe, В, Grеепреасе ]5 ап environmental group, lts miSsion is to protect anirna hab tats, 9, The ща]Yеý are thriving, The government introdUced thern to thi5 area. 0, The Еес Was over 200 years old, Тhе environmentalists saved it, com plete these 5епtепсе5 With your оWп ideas. Use essentia l adjective clauses. shareyour sentences with а partner апd explain your ideas. Тhеп р Е R 5 о N А L lz lN G ], l'гп fasclnated Ьу ап mals that 2, really admire people Who З, Let me tell you abolt the t me that 4, l 5aW а video that 5, l know someone Whose 6, The teacher made the Students at]gh. р в отЕс TiN с тнЕ WlLD 29 РRОl{uNСlАТlОN saying and Linking -J Endings ПЕ The letter 5 at the end ofnouns, Verbs, and po55e55ives ls pronounced in three Ways, lfyoo pLrt your hand оп youl throat and 5ау zeeeee, you should feel а Vibration, ThiS is а volced sound. fyou putyour hand оп yourthroatand say s55555, there ]ý по vlbration,This i5 а Voiceless sound, . Allervoiced соп5опапt5 and аl vowels,5 i5 pronounced /z/: bl rds, m asq u j toes, с hem icals . After Voiceleýs consonants,5 i5 pronoUnced /s/: 'taps, resu lts, р hotagrophs . After WordS end]ng in 55, sh, ch, се, se, ge, х, ol z,5 ]5 pronounced /azl or Лz,/: cicu msto псеs, ro пс hes, wi s he, When а Wold ending ln 5 iS followed Ьу а Word that starts With а Vowel, the two words are linked, wishesэf rапсhеrs Епdапqеrеd species 5tap5 Дсt oheod Е HoW is the fiпаl 5 pronounced iп еасh word? check (") the correct sound. /z/ /a7J or /s/ /5| / /а ol ], hacks tr 2, lambs з, cau5e5 п п п п п 4, Whales tr tr ПЕ /17] п 5, fifth5 п tr 6, sparrows tr tr 7, inboХes tr п 8. tongUes п /tz/ пtr пп пtr пtr Listen and check your answers in exercise Е, Тhеп listen again and repeat the words you heat В@ oraw а link between the words With а fiпаl 5 and the next word with а vowel. Then, with а partner, practice sayin9 the phrases. Listen апd checkyour pronunciation. Тhеп take turns makin9 statements With the рhrа5е5. > TaOri5t5in citiesliketaga 3о UNlT , shаррiпgапd Visjt museums. ], touristin citie5 6. kids and pets 2, апirпа s iп movies 7, images in ads з, caUse5 ofextinction 4, palks in cities 8, ponds and lakes 5, Whale5 and do phins ]0, 5pecies under protection 9, habitats in danger LESSoN TAsK Discussin9 EnVironmental lmpact А Read the description ofthe ima9inary РriJг,ле iJlолd Why doyou thinkthe land birds cRlTlcA L тн lN KlNG: MAKlN G lNFERENcEs are decreasin9? Whу are the trees endangered? Tell а раrtпеr уочr ideas. Pristine lsland is а sma , Undeve oped island, t has severa beaUtifo beaches that are home to sea tUrtles, Wanderin9 around the island are group5 ofdeer, and а rnoderate but decleasin9 number of and birds live there а5 Well,There is also а 5pecie5 ofendangered trees saatteled throU9hout the island, for Work in а small group. lmagine that you are in charge of developing Pristine lsland residences апd businesses, and you Want to impact wildlife as little а5 possible. Discuss how the factors iп the chart could impactWildlife. Write notes iп the chart, в R А l N 5 то R м l N G Туре of Development lmpact оп Wildlife new road5 tourists оп beaches resident а areas high riSe hotels 1'п сапсеrпеd thotonimols сачld Ье hit Ьу cars оп the пеw юоd5. В: That's true.The dееr would prabobly Ье cro|'inq the raod' olldoy. С: Alsa, whеп building юаd' we might hоче ta cut dоwп Some trees. cRlTlcAL тН lN KlN G: Work with your group. Di5cU55 solutions to the i55ue5 you identified above. choose threethat you thinkcould Ье the most effective, апd 5hаrе them with the class. APPLYlNG > Та help minlmize the impoct of cal occidents ап deeL we wil] odd deercrossin? Sigп| оп allmajor raads. р RoT Ест lN G тнЕ wlLD зl rГ*" l|" с J, FЕц Lл G I вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG PREDlcTlNG ! - problem Look at the photo and read the caption. What do you think i5 the bi99e5t your class, for mugger crocodiles? Discuss your predictions with MEAN lNG tRом a Use the context to choose the correct definition ofthe bold word or coNTExT phra5e iп theýe ýentences from the video. ], crocs 1ive ]n Wetland5, but most ol ndia'S swamp5 апd rivelsldes are now rice fields and farm5.5o crocs have lostvirtually alltheir habltat, а, almost Ь, not realLy с, wholly d, аррlохiгпаtе у 2, lйan,thiS pla.e lsabso uteyteemin9with crocodlles, jUstcounted 140clocodies Plobably 9ive ortake 20 or З0, а. Workin9 With Ь р ау ng W]th с, filled W]th d. empty of З, BUt When matin9 season approacheS, theyte also intenseJy territolial, and апу spot With deep Water i5 Worth fight]n9 for. а, оп land Ь, global с, shy d, protect Ve 4, contlary to рорчlаr legend, гnuggers arefor the most рагt pretty laid-back,sociable апiгпаls,ln fact, they 5pend much of the]r time ]Lrst basking in the 5uп, d, ag9re55 ve с, shy Ь, hарру а, relaxed !2 ()NlT , WHlLE vlEW|NG с DlE the Ьох, watch the beginnin9 ofthevideo, completethe sentenceswith words from hab]tat lJ N DE RSTA N DlNG DETAlL5 threaten to blame captiVe ]. Human population growth is fol ап ma]S' prob emS, 2, Growing human popu ation5 crocodiles, з, crocodi es have ost their to rice lie ds and fагms, 4. Madras clocodile Bank has the Word's largest population of mu99e15. EIE .] Watch the next section ofthe video. Read the statemёnts. choose Т for IrUe, F for Fdlsе оr NG for information Not бlуел. 1, The mugger has near]y Ьееп Wiped outfrom rап to Myanmar, 2, MUqgers have opportunities for 5uccess in the Wild ootside Sli Lanka З, Muggers lve n pools опсе used in agriculture. 4, The muggers seem to Ье thriving Where Whitaker visited. 5. The park asked Wh]taker to find out the status ofthe mUggeБ, 6, Whitakerthot]ghtfinding опе smallcrocodile Wa5 а bad ýl9п. UNDER5TANDlNG DETA lLs т FNG т FNG т FNG т tNG TtNG т FNG a With your partner, discuss your answers to exercise А. Were your predictions correct? l uВ cHEcKlNC PREDlcTloNs Watch the rest ofthe video and take notes. Then Work With а partner and answel the questions. ], What kind ofconditions Were the anima15 experiencin9 at the tin]e of Whitaker's ViSit? 2, Why do anima15 coming close to the Watel to drink need to stay alert? З, Why is Whitaker observin9 the mч99е15 at night? What does he do а5 he observe5 them? 4. Why do the males fight? Ale mапу ofthem killed? AFTER vlEWlNG l Work in а smallgroup. Discuss the questions, cRlTlcAL THlNKlNбj ], Large crocodiles сап Ье quite dangerous to humans,Whydoyou think Rom Whitaker EvALUATlNG Works 5о hard to save them? what are some ofthe similarities апd diffelences between the sitt]ation ofthese гпuggеr crocodiles and that ofthe endangered species discUssed in the Q&A session you heard in Lesson А? з, Afterwatching this video, do you think mugger crocodiles сап lookfoмald to а ЫightfutL]re п sriLanka? WhyorWhy not? 2. PRoTEcT lN G тнЕ wlLD lt VосаЬulаrу MEANlNG FRоМ д coNTEXT ПЕ пеаа and listen to the aticte, Notice each Word оr phrase in ыче and think ТНЕ YELLOWSTONE WOLF PROJECT Wolves Wele once common throughout North America, but Ьу the m]d ] 9З05, most had Ьееп ki led. ln ] 995. W]ldlife authoritie5 in the United States and canada initiated а plogram ofcaptuling woLves ]п Сапаdа and freeing them ln Yel owstone Natlonal Park,This ploqram, kпоWп as the Ye]lowstone Wo f Project, cost on у ý267,ООО ln govern.nent fLr nd5, lt Was а huqe 5Uccess, Today, the Yellowstone Wolf populatlon has lecovered апd reached а sustainable eve, contraryto the Wishes of гпапуfаrmеrs and rапсhеБ, Wo fpopulations have а so been recoveling lп other parts ofthe We5tern United Stateý, AS the n!rnber of WolVeS ha5 9rown, they have Ьесоrпе the focUs of bitter controversy. t i5 чпdепiаЫе that Wo ves oacaSionally ki l sheep, catt е, апd other larm an mals, and larmers and ranchers natura Jy feel aUthorities are neglecting their right5. Оп the other hand, these efficient predator5 he р contlol populat]ons ofthe ап]mаls they рrеу оп, such а5 elk, rnoose, and deer, The pTesence ofwo ves а so bringý inanciaL benefits to Yellowstone Palk,Tens ofthoUsands of tour 5t5 visit annUa]ly to see them,These tol]riSts provlde mопеу for the upkeep ofthe раrk, Tour]5t5 al5o aontribLrte about ýЗ5 million а уеаr to the area around the park.Thele are strong feelings оп both sldes, and the Yellowstone Wo f Project wi по doubt continUe to Ье the locu5 оfрuЫiс debate for yearS to come, wolves in yellowstone --q..F.f ationalPark. UsA ( а lй1l / ,"' л ill l В lИatch еасh word or phrase With its definition, ]. _ 2. З, 4, _ aothor]ties (n) а. maintainin9 somethin9 in good condition сопПаry to (adj phr) ь. апiгпа sthatkil апd eatotheraniгna s controversy (п) с, certain; beyond апу dot]bt or qUestlon initiated (v) d, able to stay at а celtaln evel оr п а certain 5, neglecting (v) 6. - predators (п) 7. _ - рrеу оп (v phr) 8, _ 5Ustainable (adj) 9, _ Undeniable (adj) ]0, Upkeep (п) с condition not giving something the attention it deserves staгted а process or action s, реор е Who have the powerto гпаkе decision5 and to make 5ure that laws аrе obeyed h to hunt, kill, and eat (а5 а regularfood source) i, serioU5 and pUblic disagreement j, different from; opposite Е@ Read the statements. Тhеп listen to а lepresentative of ап environmental organization calling someone to askfor а donation. WriteTfor lrue olFtol False. ]. program to save gleat Whltes has Ьееп going оп for а ong time, 2,-TheGreat White Sharks don't attack humans every year. З, People think the shalks' natural behav]oI is to hUnt human5, 4, The number ofgreat White sharks is expected to increase ovel time, 5, _ triends ofW ld ife a5s]Sts Afrlcan officials Wth policy р annlnq, 6. _Frlends of Wildlife helpsWorkout conflictý related toanima rights, D 7, _ Friend5 olWildlife serues both anima 5 in the W]ld and ]п zoo5, 8, _ Friends of Wildlife offels zoos financial sUpport to maintain facilit е5. Work iп а smallgroup. Di5cU55the questions. ]. ]п гпапу places in the United States, Wolves are protected bythe Endangered spec]es Act, lf Wo f populations have recovered, should they continue to Ье protected Ьу the law? Ехрlаiп, 2, lfa wolf or another protected predator attacks а farmer's апirпаls, Should the farmer have the riqht to k]ll the predator? Explain, 3, Do уоч thinkthe government shou d рау farmers от ranchels Who5e ап ma15 are kiled byWolves or other protected predators? Ехр ain. 4, fan organizatlon ]ketheFriendsofWildlifecaledyoua5kingforadonationtoheip 9reat White shalks, howWould you react? Explain, cRlTlcA L тн lN KlNG: REFLEcTlNG LiStening А Debate оп Legalized Hunting вЕFоRЕ LlsTENlNG 1_1sTENlNG 5Kl LL Activatinq Prior Knowledge Studies show that hav]ng some prior knowled9e about а topic сап implove prior yol]r listenlng coanprehension, ln а classloom settlng, yoL] сап a,tivate yoL]r know edge before lstening Ьу: . asking yourselfor others Wh, qUestions abol]t the topic . discuss]ng What you а leady know aboL]t the topic . pledlctinq the kind ofinformation the speakerwil talkabot,lt . lookln9 at апу accompanying Visua 5 such а5 photo5, charts, ol dlagrams Work in а smallgroup. Discuss the questions. РRlОR KNOWLEDGE 1 Why do people hunt7 What an rпа S do people typ]ca у hUnt? 2 HaVe yoLr ever gone hunting? lf 9о, did you lke it? ]f not, Would yoLr try ]t? Explain, ], what klnd5 of nlorrnatlon clo yolr thlnk the speakers wlll di5cuss п the debate? WHlLE LlSTENlNG PREvlEWlNG в ПED Listentothe introductiontoa studentdebate aboutlegalized hunting,Are Raoul and YUmi for оr again5t tegalized huntin9? complete the sentences, ] _2, _- ]5 arqu]nq aqa nst legalized hUnting, t ,/ ,t i5 argu ng iп favor of ega ized hunting, \ |. l Hunterýandtheirdogsat the Elkrid9e Hartford Hunt club in Maryland, UsA I la lJNll 2 a _'\ ',t r-,?:- a СR lTlcAL ТН lN Kl}l G Evaluating Arqumentsin а Debate ln а debate, speakels take tUln5 presenting their arguments and 5upporting them, Each speaker also provides infolmation against the opposin9 algUments or shows that those arguments are incorrect, incomplete, or illogica ,Thi5 i5 called lefutиg оп drqument То evaluate а debate,think about Which speakel presented stronger ideas, ПЕ Listen to the whоlе debate. Take notes on the speakers' arquments опlу. Will listen forthe орроsiпg arguments iп exelcise D.) (YoU N о т Е тА к lN G ], YUгпiЪ ]st ar9Umenti Hunllnq hеlр5 control the PaPulalion5 of ani,na 5 эuсh аэ dееr. RaoUl's opposin9 argUment; 2, YUm]'5 2пd arqUment: RaoUl'5 oppo5]ng argument: З, RaoU 's ] st аrgUrпепt: YUm]'5 opposing argument: 4, Rаоul'5 2nd arg uгпепt: Yumi's opposing argUment: D П!Е Listen again. NoW take notes on the speakers' opposing arguments, NoTE тА KlN G АFтЕR LlsTEN lNG Е With а раrtпеr, соmраrе youl notes above. Restate the argumentsfol and against hчпtiп9 in your оWп Words. F Refer back to the debate, Which speaker рrёsепtеd the stronger arguments and made more effective opposing arguments? Explain уоur opinion to your раltпёr. р п с R lTlcAL тН iN KlN G: EvALUATlNG отЕс TlN G тн€ WlLD з7 Speaking s РЕА Kl NG sKlLL Rеsропdiпg to ап Argument There are Specific Ways to respond to ап ar9ument in а debate or conversation, tirst, you shoulj acknowledge that you have heard the other spe,aker'S аrgumепt,Тhеп should signal that yoL] have а different point ofview fo lowed Ьу your respon5e, iou or lefutatlon, Нете аrе Some express ons you сап Use to TeSpond to ап arg!ment, Tho(\ о gaad orgument, but . , . Ye', but ,.. That's passjble, but Thal mоу Ье lrue,but (оп the other hond) ... аК, b,l.,. Yач'rc right thot...; however,... lп the debate about huntin9. the speakers Used а number of expression5 for Бsропdiпg to and refuting ап ar9ument. Listen and fill in the expressions уоU heat Пl'а ] , Yumi: 5о, for example, W]thoUt hunting, deer popUlation5 WoUld grow too arge and по longer Ье suStainab е, They'd eat a]l the ava]lable plants and, as а rеsu t, mапу апlmа 5 WoU d 5tarve becauSe there Wo! dn't Ье enough food for them Rаочli l think you're neglecting an important polnt. 2, Raoul: 5о, instead of allowin9 human5 to hunt, We Shou d allow populations of meat eatlng predator5 to recover, Yumi: don't forqet that Wo ves and mounta n ]опs don'tjUst prey оп deer and eJk. з, Raoul:TheleWas alsothi5 case ln shenandoah Nationa Parkin Vir9inia recently Where aUthorities caUght а group of hUnteБ Whо Were shoot]ng Ь ack bears and se ing their body parts for use ]п med с nes, Yumi: tho5e kind5 of Violations оссчr; , they are rare RE5PoNDlNG то AN ARGUMENT Read the statement5 below.Tel|a partner Whether you agree оr disagreewith each and whи lfyou disagree with your partner, use ап expression from the skill Ьох above to respond to your partner's argumentwith ап opposing idea, Д| l ogree thot humопs hove olwoys Ьееп huntels. НOпtiпg апd killing оп]mо]S is поtuюlfоr 05, В: fhiоt mау Ье true, but mаdеrп humапs сап satisff thejr desie ta huпt through Sparts, bu'ine5s, or 9оmе5. ], Нumапs have а Ways been hunters, HUnting and kiLinq animals i5 natl]la for uS, 2. We should lmpose а Ьап оп fishin9 for а fewyea15 to aloWfish populat]ons to recover, З, JU5t as hUmans have lights, animals have riqhts, too, 4, The government does not havethe liqhtto stop people from hunting on the]rown land 5. lt doesn't matterthat the dusky seaside sparrow became ext]nct,lt doesn't make апу d]fference in our lives, 6, Parents Should teach theП ch]ldlen about animal right5, '8 U I.1|т , l WorkWith а partner Lookatthechartabout rечепче5 for Wildlife protection iп United states. Тhеп answerthe questions, ] , HoW much revenl]e do states bring in? HoW much does the federa government bring lп? ls this Whatyou WoUld expect? EХplain, the cRlTlcAL тн NKlNG: дNдLYZ|NG д сндRт REVENUE FоR WlLDLlFE PRoTEcTloN sTATE5 ý1.22 billion HoW much revenUe i5 made from hOnting and fish ng licen5e5? HoW is it used?What is опе Way the money might Ье Used to improve habitats? what ls the source offunds forthe tedelalAid ln Spolt tish and Wild ife Restoration prograrn5? Give ап exarnp е оfап item that Would betaxed With thi5 type oftax. 75оь ý616 million At What age are Waterfowl hunters required to pUrchase dUc\ qtamp.? Do yoJ а9,ёд W Ih Ihi( Не р5 5tate а9епс е5 Ь!у age requireгnent? Explain, 5, lп уоUr оWп Words,5ummarize the information n spo.t Fьh and Wid fe th]5 chart 5how5, FЕоЕRдL ý24 million purchares wet and habitat fol the Nationa Wi dlife Пefuge System throuqh the М gratory В ld consefualion FUnd 5aes ýince l9з4ехсееd s700 m ||on, апd 52mi iопасrе5 hаче Ьееп presefoed An AmurTiger passes throu9h the Big catcrossing at the Phi|ad€|phia zoo. P€nnýylvania. i? , f Ilt, ] lJsA. FINAL TASK А Debate on Wild Animals in ZooS Yоu Wil evalt]ate argument5 for апd aga]nst keeping Wlld апimа 5 iп zoos,Then Wil о,9dгilеа-ld pleoarelo,a deoate o'l tli,'\sLe, cRlTlc AL тн l N KlNG: EvA LU Ат lN G in zoos and Read the statements. write F ifthe argument i5 for keeping animals d9ал5t keeping animals iп zoo5. ], Апlmа s do not have rlghts,5о it ]S ac,eptable to keep them in zoo5, 2- Zoos educate peopLe about how to protect endanqered species, З. n many zoos, anima 5 are kept in SmaLl cages and cannot 4, - t costs а lot of rnoneyto keep animaIs ]п zoo5, 5, - lt i9 flrn to See nteresting and unUsLral animals in zoos, 6, - RE5PoNDlNG то AN ARGUMENT А if it is rпоче around, protectanlma]s that аrе hUnted lllega у, SUch а5 rh по5 and elephants, People сап Ье edUcated about an]rna s WithoLrt keeping them 7, -zoos В. - уо! in zoos, агtil,]сiаl env]ronment is stressfu formanyaniгnal5,Theyoften Stop eatinq, -The iп exercise А, Use expressions With а partner, taketurns responding to the statements skillbox, for resjonding to ап argumentfrom the Speaking д,. дпimоls dо паt have liqhts, sa it i5 occeptoble ta keep them iп zaos people thjпk they dа, В| Yes, but is it so clear thot апimа]s dan't hove rights? some keepin9 YourteacherWilt instruct you to prepare arguments eitherfor ol against the predict the arguments position,Try to animals in zoos. write notesto support уочr to them, other speakerwitl make, and thinkabout howyou Willrespond your teacher will pair you with а student who prepared the opposite side ofthe issue, (lass or а small 9rочр, lhe You Will hold а th;ee to five minute debate in front of the begin, student Who speaks iп favor of zoo5 should REFLEcTloN ] , What гпеthоd5 of act vatin9 pr]or knowledge Wolk best for yol]? 2, Did the ]nformatlon you learned in thls unit change your minc] about protecting the Wid7 f50, how? 3, Here are the VocabUJary Words and phra5eý flom the Unit. check (/) the ones you can use, Eautholityш Пln]tiateE EsL]sta]nableщ Е beto Ыаmе tr modirym П threaten EthriVe Е neglect Пcontlaryto Е П controveby!E Е ongoing @ Eunden]able!E П Upkeep Е predator EeХtinct EWipe out Е prey on Е habitat П impose@ 4о UNlr, Е statt-ls Е l BEAUTY AND APPEARANCE А model оп the rчпWау during the Arts t nivel9ity Bournemouth ýhоw in London, England. АсА D Ем lc sKlLLs LlsTENlNG LЫепiпg for specific lnformation Using ап 0Utline sPEAKlNG Paraphrasing lntonation for clarifr cation cRlTlcAt THlNKlNG lnterpletjng а BarGraph 1 Look at the photo and read the caption. Why do you think people go to fashion shows? 2 HoW Would уоч des(ribe the itemsthis mап i5 wеаriпg? З What surprises or interests уоч about this photo? EXPLORE ТНЕ ТНЕМЕ Look at the photo and read the infolmation, 1, Why do you think the rпап is Тhеп discuss the questioný, gettjng а shave? 5 th]S а common litua ]п your сочпtrу? 2. Do you agree With the top rеаsопý lol try]n9 to lookgood? Do you thlnk the gender differences аrе accurate? to look good сhапgе 3. Do you thinkthe reasons fol trying to ookgood? 4. What othel reasons ale there fortrying W]th age? With culture? LOOK|NG GOOD physical арреаrапсе? Оп HoW much ofa person's beauty is based оп person Wears? l5 there а Universal personality? HoW mUch depends оп What а j vary from country to country? Опе 5tandard of beauty, or do these standard5 ritualS like the опе in the photo certainty is that lookin9 good matters, апd бап Ье found ]Ь-. everywhere, ( ,. 7I 7 al 0N l l \.-ё 7 ,l laal I -I laala al Тор three reasons for trying to look good* То feelgood about myself боо/о dszоъ 67чоQ То make а good impression оп people l meet forthe first time 44о/о d ццqо 45оlо Q То set а good example for my children ; 6 зэ"lо4ОО/О +1.1" g AliMariligivesa mап а 5hач€ in hi5 barbershop in Kilis,Tutkey. Marili'ý father opened the 5hop in 1942, and his sоп usesthe,аmе I traditiona l m€thod5 today. Weekly time 5pent on реrsопаl grooming+ 4.0 h d з.2 h 4.9 h9 BEAUTY AND APPEARANCE 43 ! Vocabulary мЕдN]Nс tRом д ш@ Readandlistentothearticle.NoticeeachWordinblueandthinkaboutits meanin9, coNTExT нlGн-FАsнlоN MoDELlNG Aпode|walks you don't see the ln the Wor d of hiqh fashion гпоdеliпg, frI d wilr random p,ople , ln boon tУрЪ,hdt you *, ata fashion ",,,rn distinct h _t|eel Dечlqпе,( nav. -raditlona'lY sl оWг " \how lhel, оГf .,"ъ,"псе to, tarr Jno rnIn rJ1way -odel' to тh 1 modplý lr"i i,"u,io",, Ho*"u"I, _d9е, о' е\tl,-е'Y , ne) dГ Ье alarming fo, тdgаz ,",.".. nъrt iо. .по* , аr о lo heiqhl Weight ]atio that а in." о"оо,", so." -ode,s ha!e iчр'рдт b,a,o|,nn а modelm 9ht ,iu.biurinr, 'о, ' "-.р|е n ne lп|пе, L,zr cenr metp,(] tdll oLI weigh опlу 10 ooL"ld' (5О kiloqrams). evolvin9, and the type of The modellnq bL.]siness i5 s|owly .naeiLnat de.,q",re,s p,elp, i5 Lban9l1q, loo, lT e h'qn-[a,hlon о" 5 no longel exclusively fol tl,e t5"l1eýt -.i"tlno o,ot"r, '1" qood геWs i5 I-аl 11 Iе(егI yeal,, lêdllhv n{ ,|" t1in (ее1 srollin9 dо!fuг rUгWауs, йокiпо .odet,-baue аьо Ьее'ol еФ-Рlе ||,д 9о!е,п-егl n ,,r.Ъ aornt,,", _ДJ5tl.||a, dnd -aqdli'le' lo 'top has е!ег a.\ed la9h'o1 dеigге', rashlon show, a'rd pholo Ь ,i.. i*cessiuely tn," .ode ,lo, oeoole w t'l vd' оJч bodv .booi., Ко*, O"ug"",' "nvision and i) , *"о, пq t,r", . to-b:n9, г,,s п'оl m, tneir d,\igns "n", А5 lo lesull, |ôw see, d )la'tl'lq ,ln..r"J |- й" .ооа, we;Ie opinion ofWhat апd theil 5 peopte perceive rаsr,lоп гпоdе ,l l \ l lonititirt", b"uuty u,e start]nq to change, write еасh word in blue from exercise А nextto its definition, ] .- (v) qradually changing and deve oping з, (adv)only 4- (п) а proport on, e,g,, 2:] (v)composes or folms (adj) shock ng or frightenlng 8, (adj)chosen Without а rnethod or рlап ]0, LL]N л (adv) more than is necessary, normal, or deslrable 7, .9, -- UN|T ] pictule 2 .- --5, -6. --- aa (v) to have or form а mental (adj)cleal (v) to recognize;be aware of .ъ complete the sentences With the correct form (почп, verb, adjective, or adverb) ofthe Word iп ра rentheses. lf necessa rу, use а djctionary. l. ]ia Was (alarming) When she discovered а 9ray hair on hеr head 2, That black hat looks (distinct) bettel оп you than the Ь ue one З. Thedesigner Said the dre55 Wasn'tas stylish as Whatshe (envi5ion) 4, There has Ьееп ап casual, (evolve) Ехрегts Wаrп that the ofWorkplace fashion from forma to ч5е ofmakeup сап Ье quite Unhealthy, (exces]5ively) 6, меmьеБ ofour ыhopping clUb receive discounts, (exclUsively) 7, There i5 а genera (perceive) The winners were that Paris Ь the Wor d capital offashion. selected from the audience, (random) Workwith а partner. choose the Word thatforms а collocation with thevocabUlary word in bold and the underlined words. ]. l печеr рlап What l'm going to Wear, ljust сhоо5е my clothes (at / for) random, 2, Иe.atio (forl ofl Women Ф mеп in mу class is 2 to ], З, Men's5hids с distinct (to /from) Women'5 as the button5 ale оп opposite sides, 4, These beaUty prodUcts ale ex(lusively (for / to) oUr loya] custonnels, 5, The increase in extreme diet]n9 is ап alarming (trend / movement), 6. His 5mallbU5iness gradually evolved (to/ into) а grеаt fashion соmрапу, 7, Men Who Wear necktles а€ perceived (in / as) bein9 plofessional. В, Those neW fa5hion5 щеехсеssiчеlу (Ьеа Utlfu l / exoensive), work with а partner. Take turns using the collocations in exercise D to say sentences. > l dоп'l think it's а goad ideo ta choose уоul colleqe mаiоr at юпdаm. Work in а small grочр. Discuss the questions. ], lf you asked а lапdоП] teenager оп the street What constitUtes beaUty, What mi9ht he cRlTlcA L тН lN KlNG: REFLEcTlNG or she say? What celeblities mi9ht the teen envision7 2. lfyou knew someone who was excessively concerned with physical appealance, what could you sayto convince him оr herthat attractivene55 i5 not exclUsi;ely physicai? з, Are there апу modern trends that you find alarming? Ехр ain. 4. society's perception ofbeauty always seems to Ье evolvin9, at iea5t in сеrtаiп Ways, What evidence сап you give ofthi5? 5, What makes а реБоп look distinctive? BEAUTY AND АРРЕАПАNСЕ Listening А News Report оп Perceptions оf Beauty BEFoRE LlsTENlNG cRlтlcAL THlNKlNG: J witba ра rtner, d iscuss the questions, EvALUATlNG ], Look at the two rоWs of photos,These photos were shown to people Who photo thatyou think shows paгt]c]pated in а study оп beauty,ln each row, select the the most beautifulface, Do you and your paftnel agree? wou !d choose 2. Look at the photos ag а ln Accord lng to resea rchers, most реор]е рr,оtо+ аJрhЪiо Sis the most b;autlful fасе5, Why doyou think chose these photos? most people WHlLE LlSTENlNG Ll5TENlNG FоR мд N D| д, в П|![ЕЕ Listen to а news report- Match each scientistor g rou р of scientists theil re\earch result. ]. _Judith Langlois Pame а М Ра lett/ - Stephen Lint,JKang Lee ]ohnston/Dav d Pefiett -Victor 4, _ a6 U lrr Don sуmопs to МепЪ ideas about beauty and attractiveness evoJved over thou5and5 ofyears Symгnetry is а key part ofWhat makes а fac-" beautiful. Thele is а "aoIden rat]o'lor the ]deal d]5tance between tЙе eyes, the mouth, апd the edge of the face, Меп plefer lalge еуе5, full р5, and а smal по5е and сhlп. 1{ ОТЕ-ТА Kl1{ G 5KlLL Usinganoutline Uslnq an out ne а5 you listen сап help you organize ma n deas апd detai s. А formal outline looks like the outline in exerc 5е с Ье ow, Notlce how the outline shows the structl]le of the ta k, W th roman пumеrаlS fol ma n deas,capta etteб for 5Uppolt]n9 idea5, and пUгпЬеrý lor detai 5. < ПlЕ Listen again and take notes to complete the outline. Write опе Word опlу in N отЕ TAKlNG each blank. пtа: whal i5 beauty? А- Dae5 each реr5а| Pe.ceivebe2ut:,y а frеrа1l|\i? в. оае5 e,Ocia|/cu|lr 1l|aie", ol1 Д Lanq]ai1 1, рр lh"lk -|фkiпа face5 are beaut| 2. эуmrllеlriса face5 arebea|l| 2, far |rоп аvе.еgе & э!пmеlr са _ ts. Pa|el7,Link&Lee falia' а 5саvеrcd" 1 ае2] a15l. ИW1 це5, r|aulh & еd4е ot face 2, di5t fr це5 ta raaulh = Э6% С. Joh|5lan & ?еrrc*-пеп'1 Pref' 1. |q. еуе5, |Jl lip5,5п по9е & 2 1упоrc q. еуе5/ p5=heath&hthyb2be5 О, naL а апthrа?|qsl' а4rее abo,Jt о|е | 1 affculr5haveatr аеа5 1bawbea|ly 2. cras5ea е:]е9, 9 &lеffпоеа р5 йпс |5ioft oea|ly поl ехс |sivе|у iп еуе af Ьеhо|dеl q ап ralio Л.. aоmе a5?ect5 ofbea|ty 7re F рр ir:i;rm..j! fl.lrj '.:]irly п 9 lr аr /r';ryg АFтЕR LlsTEN lNG D Work in а smallgroup, Discuss the questions. PERsoNALlzlNG ], Do yoU agree or d 5а9rее that'beaUty i5 in the еуе ol the beholde/'? EХplaln, 2, Sc]ent 5t5 believe that а beaUtiful face ]S а Symmetrlca face, What other featuleý make а face lreautifu to you? З, The lepolt 5aid that perception5 of beaUty Vary from cU tUre to cultl]re, What ale 5ome examp es ofhoW your perception ofbeaUty might чаryfrоrп those in other cu tUreS? ВЕАUТY AND APPEARANCE 47 Speaking ПЕ Read and listen to the article.Then look at the bar graph, What i5 the ТНЕ GRОWlШG POPULДR|TY ОF graph about? ТОР MARKETS FОR COSMETlC PROCEDURES co5METlc sURGERY lyoU think the risks of cosmetic 5Ulgery ale alarmlng, thereb good newsLcoSmet с procedUres are evolvinq; many ale not eХcess]veJy danqerous, and some are qU]te safe,You rnay Ье аЬ е to qet the пеW look Vou envision With nonsl]lqicaI procedUres like tissue filLers and laser treatrnents, which now constitl]te 82 percent ofcosmetic plocedUles iп the Unlted States, once ехс Usive yfof the lich and farnolrs, cosmetic procedUres ale being ahoSen Ьу гпоrе people every year There ls а distinct difference in the Way people l1 dirеlFг' cL'lL,c, oor-e'vc baduty, bLJt cosmetlc 5Urqely 5 а соrпmоп cho]ce ln rпапу palts ofthe Wolld,The graph Тор Markets for cosrnetlc ProcedUres compare5 2О counтies Ьу procedUres percapitar, total nUmber оl plocedures, and the latlo of surq]ca to nonsurgical procedures, f l п a--_ I_ I fr l a _ ] _ l l l пr I tpe.capita (ad]): pel реБо.,е al veto the lota]pop!lit оп cRlTlcAL TH|NK|NG lnterpreting а BalGraph l leatures: То understand а bar9raph,lt'S iгnportantto Study the fol]owing . RlTlcAL тН l N KlNG: ]NTERPRETlNG А вАR GRАрн . thetitlelte !s you What the graph iS abol]t . labels: tell you What the bars or пUaпЬеr5 represent . the sGlе: tells you the unit of meanlrement . colo1(odin9/key: showsyou What different coLols mеап Wolk With а partner. Answerthe questions about the bar graph above, - ], What ]5the t]t!eof the graph? 2. Look at the labe 5, What do the ba15 represent? З, HoW rnany countries have rпоrе than а mi ion 'osmetic procedures? 4. Look at the соlоr cod]ng anc] the key What do the соlоrý lepresent? Wh ch haS 5, Which country ha5th-" йl9hеst numberofcosmet с proceduleS pelcapita? the loWe5t? 6, What do yoU frnd inteleSt пg or sUrpr]5 пg about the nformation in the aо L, 11 ] ] qraph1 I PER5oNALlzlNG Work with а partner. Discuss the questions, ], 15 it а posit]ve trend that cosmetic procedures аrе поW mole affordable? Explaln, :, Но* ha, technology contributed to the evolution ofcosmetic surgery? З, Do you thlnkthe rЙls ofcosmetic surgery are alarming? EХplain, that avoid the пееd for О, ЙЬiiu," ,оr" ,*, to stay young and healthy looking co5metic plocedure5? 5РЕДКl N G 5KlLL Paraphrasing dlfficult for lsteners to understand, ltЗ 1оid that beauty liei iп the еуе of the Ьеhоldеr, yer rhе oppolite seemJ tobe i.i йiit ."оi Ьу ,bot is people within о culture usuolly hоче similol t ideos about beouty. Нете аrе Sоrпе expTession5 you сап u5е to lmеап ,- palaphra5e lпlоrmаt on, Let mе put lt onather way. Та pul it опаrhе( way, . , - ThotБ(ta,ау),., what lmеоп Ы that is.. ; of expressions to paraphrase, In the пеw5 report, the speaker Used а пчmЬеr from the skill Ьох, Then listen Read the sentences alouo usln9 опе ofthe expressions and Write the ехрrёssiопs thatWele actually used, l ПВ ], An oft qUoted expresslon is, "Beauty is onLy 5k]n deep,'-, sorneonecanbebeaUtifl]lontheoutsidebutbemeanorUnpleaSantonthe]nside, ' Anotherfamou5 sayinq iS, "Beauty i5 in the еуе ofthe beholder," beauty is dlflerent , each реБоп's ldea of з- ln add]tion, her research Shows that а beautiful face is а symmetrical , face, ifboth side5 of the face ale exactlythe same, we consider а person beaL]tiful, cosmeti(sulgeon D1. Marquardt useý а 9rid to епsчr€ facial 5ymmetlyfor his patients. к \[t AND дррЕАп^N(a ai { :ff:.Щiч {*$ -',П.; Еl];]l л-, ПG\ .-, fП Т, 1ЕЪЁ-ПТ 7 ';.;-)'.': ttЁш.-. л ' ттftр'"f s.Ъ' .**Ё .,ýKI 'u'ýP{,,,] ]'ъ".{' t ,rlд:fмI "fi п-1 tf * I -В5 ---; '1 э. _ ,з1. -: .. '!' fi,alПr:-g'{ "\ ,l 2 l Щ. Сjjý>_Хltr).Жl cRlTtcAL THlNKlNG: lNTEiPRETlNб l r ! Read these quotations about beauty, lп your оwп Words, write what each mеапs, ]. Beauty is not in the face;beauty is а li9ht in th{. hеагt, -KahlllGibran 2. lt matters more whats ]n а Woman's face than What's оп it, -claudette colbelt з- l've never 5ееп а srniling face that Was поt beautiful, At,]thor Unknown 4. Time i5 а gleat healer buta pool beautician,r-LUcille 5, Harper '-ьe*rI.l"n ta sts for реорl€ (n),. p"*on *bo.!tshanand perfolms othg Ьеа uty ,elated ea(h quotatlons in exercise Е, [хрldlП with а partnel Take tulns reading the F ' WorI{ [Iom the Speaking Skill Ьох, ;;i"i;;;;i,;;;;o,in", u,ing о pu,uib"5i;9 expleýsion 'о Ufi,T r LESSoN TASK conducting а Survey А you ale going to conduct а 5urvey about beauty and fashion. choose foul ofthe questions belowfor your sulvey and write two пеw questions ofyour оwп. SUBVEY QUEST|ONS . 15 it bettelto Ье beaUtiful, intelligent,orWealthy?Whydoyou think5o? . Who do you think i5 the most beautiful Wогпап alive todav? Who is the most hагdSоmе man a|'ve today? . what is the miпiгпum age at which people should Ье allowed to have cosmetic 5чr9еrу? What i5 the most чпч5uаl item ofclothing you оwп? What do you spend mоrе money oniclothing and beat]ty suppliel food, оr electlon ics? Are there anyfashions today that you think are strange? L_ EvE RYDAY LANGUAGE conouct г9 а sulvey I When yoL ( o,]oLct а ,J,vey, alwav\ Ье 5Lre lo d, ( роllе,} d,lo to |1dгl чоUr respondent, Hello!Would уо0 miпIl опswеriпg afew 5urчеу questlons for mе? Thonkyou. Now lеtЗ mоvеапtоthе пехt que|tian. ТhоtЗ allthe questions l hоvе for yau todoy. Тhопk lreolly oppreciate it! ""1 уоч for раrtiсiраriпg iп the iur lntervieWthree clas5mates. A5k each clas5mate уоUr 5U rvey q Uestions. Use the expressions in the Everyday Lan9uage Ьох. Take поtеs оп еасh реrsопЪ answers. Д| ls it better to Ье beoutiful, intelligent, ol weolthy? why do уоч lhiпk sa? В| oh, l'5 defrnitely betrq ю Ье intelliqeпt, becouse beauty i5 iп the еуе of the beholder, but i пtе l l igеп се i sп't Ьа |ed о п реар l e's ре rсе pt iоп s. Д: lnrerc|ting. Тhапk you- Naw let\ mоче ап ta the пехt question. , _ Work in а smallgroup. share уочr 5urvey resu|ts. What i5 interesting or surprising aboutthe information you heard? Howwould you answereach question iп theiurvey? Discuss you r thoug hts with your 9roup. с R lTlcAL тН lN KlN G: Ар PLY lN G > The peaplethar lsuNeyed thiпkbeing intelligent is mаrc impaftant thап Ьеiпg beout]fu]or weolthy. l agrce wlth that. ВЕАUТY AND АРРЕАПАNСЕ 5l rГ ( 7--_ ,-J [* ] sk т\ \ А modol po5es пе)(t to а,ili(pnemaskofher вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG ! write each word or phlase from the video пехt to its definition, dictionary. а touch of conform lf necessaly, чsе а master mold silicone specialeffects ], (n) а n]bbel like mater]al 2, (п) а hollow form lnto Which mаtёr]а s are putto shape objects з. (V) to Ье slmiar lп form, pattern, or shape (п) slghts and SoUnds that seem realonTV, the radio, апd in movies PREDlcTlNG 5, (п рhr) а smallamount 6, (adj) main;primary ofsomething . нýжrп:т:::ътя:::,ý ;х?:;"д]:::]i,ý,д}tr;Lfi",#,lfi made? Discuss With а partner. WHlLE vlEWlNG U N DER5TAND!NG мдlN lD ЕА5 f пв Watch thevideo. check (/) thetwo proceduresthat are 1 Е how the materialsilicone is made 2, Е how Sllicone i5 Used to make а mold з, Е howto choose а modelto rnake а mask 4, Е how to make а ]felike maskfrom а mold 5, П how а lifelike mask ]s used lп special effects il rrltll u "" shown, ,}::" !fl !fi watch the video again. Put the steps for making а skin mask iп the correct orderfrom 1to 10, UNDEB5TANDlNG D ETAlLs а. --L А сар is р aced ovel the mоdеlЪ hail, Ь. master mо d is prepared, с, -А Artists paint her face in qLJick dryln9 s]licone, Makeup, eyebrows, and ashes are added to the skin гnask, d, е, Soft 5illcone i5 mixed With chemicals, creating а natural color. l агtists create а ýeries of positive and negative masks, g, _Тhе -The hardened materialcomes off, followed bythe newlycreated mold, h. _The mixture is injected into the master rnold, i. _The mode's face i5 Wrapped in plaster bandages. j. _Vaseline i5 brushed over her eyebrows and lashes, АFтЕR vlEWlNG a Work With а partner. Take tчrпs reading the statements from the video. Rephrase them Using paraphrasing ехрrе55iоп5. ], "She haS to sit motionlessfor about ап hour а5 the artists brush the icy cold silicone onto her face," 2, 'Тhеп the model'5 face is Wrapped in plaster bandages, rathel like а iv]ng mummy." З. "А touch ofгпаkеUр helps bring the skin to life," 4, 'The completed mask has allthe aspects of rea hOmап skin, lt has more than jUst the Joo[ lI hаs tne [eel,' ! cRlTlcAL THlNKlNGI Work with а partner, Discuss the questions. REFLEcTlNG ]. Са55а п d ra jokes, 'Who said modeling Was easy?'What does she mеап? 2. Expla]n howyou think speciaFeffects artiSts choose modelý to make their skin masks, 3, lnLessonA,you earned thatstandalds ofbeaUtyare both universaland cUltural, lп Lesson B,you Willlearn about unusua fashions, Forfashion to Ье unusual, it has to differfrom standalds. What are Somefashion standards in your country that аlе universal? what аrе some that are cultulal? Тhе poritive (aýt оп the right wаs made f]om the n€gativ€ mold on the left. ý .! BEAUTY AND APPl лплN( l lt Vocabulary бЙ MEANlNG F RОМ coNTExT Read апd listen to а conversation, Notice each Word or phrase in Ыче and think about it5 meanin9. customerl EXcuse me.What are these shoes mаdе ор clelkThey're ftom ап есо fa5hion manufactUrer that integrate5 natural matelials апd recycled опеs, About halfoftheir matelia]5 are derived from recyc ed plastic and metal. As it says оп the label, they Ье ieve in"the constluctive use ofthe Waste Society produces]' Сч5tоmе ТhаtЗ nice, BLrt they're Very un!sual, aren't they?They look mоrc like i.ip.e ofalt thatvoLr Wolrld exhibit n а ""i";;;; ;;i, iЙ"у;," r l" ,o."tbing ап artist might daydream abol]t but that nobody Йj;r"Й;. would ever wear in realllfe, clerk Actually, theyle Very popular, l bou9ht а pair mysell and they?e unquestionably the most Счýtоmе]: Realy? We]l, согпfоrtаЬlе i5 good, bl]t l do а lot ofWalking, So l'm not SUre theyd Ье Very comfortable pair of5hoes l'Ve evel owned, practical lor me, l mеап, theya probably fall apart after а week, mabeS th€m substantially cleak Not at al ,The combination of natural and lecycled matelialS ,'9\t'oot п'lеl,", voJl insert -]dч'а\ed| ,Ll\t \ow'Ivou'r ,l,ог9е, r'rаг mo,t tпое) customerioh'th]sisnicelTheyarecomfortable'aren,tthey?YouknowlWasn'tgo]ngtobuythem' pall! but youte very pefýuasive.Ithlnk l'l take а l Write еасh word or phrase in bluefrom exercise А (v) to Jose oneself in pJeasa nt thoug hts Wh]]_" awake ] з next to its definition. (V) cornblneS d]fferent parts into а Un]ted Who е (adv) in а lalge or significant Way (V phr) are obtalned from а Specified source 5, (adj) able to convince реор е to do or believe something 6, (adv) сеrtаlпLу beyond doLJbt (v) to put into (adj) promotinq ]mprovement (adj) usefu!;capabIe ofbeing !5ed ]0 14 UxlT, , (V) to place on pUblic di5play Di5cu55the questions with а partnet ]. HaVe yoU ever received constructive criticlsm? lfyes, What Was it? 2, What kinds ofexhib]tion5 are you most interested in7 3. What do you sometimes daydream about? 4, What is ап examp е ofa piece ofclothing that iý not practical? 5, What i5 а sitl]ation that reqUiles you to Ье persuasive? vocABuLARY sKlLL Suffix-iye The 5UffiX lve iS added to certain verbs and noun5 to make adjectives, lt generaly means'doing or tending to do"the act on ofthe Word lt iS formed flom. persudslye = persLradlnq, tendin9 to реБuаdе dtrdctlye = attractln9, tendln9 to attract When addlng -lye to а verb,sometimes other changes need to Ье made, Example аffilm , оfhrmоtiче iппаvаtе + iппоvаtiче dеfrпе- dеfrпitiче pesuade+ ребчаsiче repeot + repetitive Rчlе ends in m or n:add -ot'yel-itive ends in consonant + е dropeand add ive/ otive/-itlve irregu arform irregu ar form checka dictionary ]fyot] are not sure ofthe form, use а word from the Ьох and the suffix lye to complete these opinions about fashion. Use а dictionaryto help you. addict alternate construct decorate excess ехс Ude mpress innovate ], th nk shopp ng for с othes ]5 2, th nk ltЪ more important to ook З, prefer plain, dark со olý and not а ot of -опсе l5tагt, lcan't stop! than to fee согпfоa(аьlе des 9п5 such as ýtripes, or flower and ап]mаl patterns. 4, l'm always ореп to criticism about the Way dress, as ong as itЪ 5, |'m lnto 6. |'Ve Seen реор е Wearing а riп9 оп everyfinger, but lthinkthat's 7. That de5igner ]S 8, Мапу ofthe storeSln thlS area are fashion, l think it's boring to look like еVеrуопе else, ;his clothes аrе rea у пеW and d]fferent, ;only the veryWealthy Shop here, BEAUTY AND АРРЕАПАNСЕ 55 LiStening А Сопvеrsаtiоп about Unusual Fashions вЕFоRЕ LlSTEN lNG PREDlcTlNG Г Look at the photos.What doyou think thesefashion items are? Discuss уочr ideaswith а partner. -lb., д з, WHlLE LlsTEN lNG LlSTENlNc FоR В бlEв Listen to а conversation between ateenagerand her parents, Look backatthe photos.Nexttoeachphoto,Writethenameorabriefdescriptionoftheitem, MAlN lDEA5 Ll5TENlNG sKlLL Listening for Specific lnformation Sometlmes you need to ]isten forspeciic information, When you need to апSWеrа question (durin9 а test, for exam ple), listening to every Word can caU5e yol]to ml55 the nformation you need. nstead, U пdеr ine а пd note the key terms re ated to the nformation you need,Then l sten for those key termS and re ated Words and phrases, l.Fоr s ПЕ Read the questions. Noti(ethe underlined keytermý in question questions 2-4wolkWith а partnerto identifyand Underlinethe keyterms.Then again and Write your answers, using the underlined terms to guide уоUr LlsTENlNG listen Fоп sPEclFlc listening. ] ] N F о R м Ат lo N , Where Was Dani5h clothing desl9ner А]е!@а When he got the idea for the antigraVitV iacket? 2. Whеп was Kevlar developed? з, HoW much stronger than steel i5 spider silk? 4, D Who plovides f!nd5 5о АпаЪ frlend сап develop wearab е techno ogy? ПЕ Listen again and complete the outline. Write one word опlу in еасh blank. NoTE TAKlNG Лr1l вrа,/lу J2.1.oL 6, ае5iапеr i5п:1', aba|Jt beino Кечlас па| паае |ber - с аlh atФllqel lhen 512е| Prool ve5L5 far ра iсе О. Uêa ta make rоре5 for ВiоЭlее | 2 sчer-5lranq|ber Д пааеЛJ ircerL|o 5р dеl 5ik 0епе |tD О, пауЬе |5еа|D w Lh|E5 uPta v, wеаr^Ьlе е есlrc| сб ioteq.ate & о ec]in]x А,. Ех: а iackel й ?hоrc iп В. Ех GРэ 5.ёеkе.5 Lalпcl kias & h kеrg АFтЕR LlSTENlNG l с R lTlcAL тН lN KlN G: Work with а partner. Discuss the qUestions. AN А LYzlNG ], Сап you envision апу uses for ап antigravityjacket, поW ol in the future? 2, Goats and spiders аrе used iп the production ofBiostee. Do you think it's ac.eptable to uSe anima s for the рUrро5е ofcreatin9 new textiles? Ехр аiп, З. Are there any other uses ofGPs 5neake15, besides tracking ost реор е? 4. Do you think Wearable electronics аrе а good idea? Why or Why not? 5. Which doyou think i5 mole plofitable:the fashion lndL]stry or the electronics indUstry? Explain, BEALlTY AND APPEARANcE 57 Speaking PRoltUN(lATto1{ lntonation for clarification Е@ You can askfor с ar]ication of а term you don't know Ьу simp]y festating it With а risin9 lntonation,Thi5 invites the l]stener to clariб/ What he or she meant, д|тhоt ontigrovityjacket wos like samething outofo 5сiепсе frсtlоп mаviе, В: Antigrovity Р{б Д|Yеоh, ]gues|yau cou]d soy it's ... itЗ о wеаюЬlе balloan. wolkwith а partner.Take turns makin9 а statement about one ofthe devices below, Your partnel ч5е5 intonatjon to ask for cla rification and you lespond, д| thod па idео thot 1wo]ked sa mопу mle| eoch weekunt lgat а Fitbil, ы АFпь]t? д Yеаh, о F itbit, ll'5 о device yaL1 weal ап yaL1l wrjsr thdt leeps trd.l oF " Description Fitblt а dev]ce Worn on the Wrist that counts the nL]mber of steps you take, distance wa ked, and calorieS burned AleХa а volce operated personala55istant in an е ectron с dev]ce that can R]п9 у а ring that bL]zzes When you qet а notlficat on on your 5rпатtрhопе from appslike U BER, 5lack, Twitte r, etc, ocu U5 Rift а he met that соvеБ yolr r eyes and allowý you to "move alound" n а answer qUestions and do th nq5 for you v Ttual Wor d, uSL]a у to р ау З D computel9ame5 GВАММДП FОR s РЕА Kl1{ G TagQueýtions We uSe tag qUestion5 to ask ]fa statement is correct or if the liStener a9rees With question (or"tag') to the end ofa U5, Та9 quastions are formed Ьу adding а short statement. Alf rmatlve statements have ne9atiVe tag9, and ne9atiVe statement5 have affrrmat]ve tags. Та9 questions can Ье сопfU9]п9 to answer,You sholrld respond to the Sentence before the ta9, Question9 Thot do"rn'r ,ound u",y proctical, does Rеsропýеs it? l No, it doesn't, реа ker ag rees] [S Thot dog wos сцtе, wо5п\ it? No, it Wa5n't, [speaker dlSaglees] YаU hoven't wаm lhat before, hоче уоч? YeS, ! have, lspeaker disagrees] Маm соп Ье yetty persuosive, con't she? Yes,5he сап, [speakel agrees] tоl taq questions, Use riSlng intonation lf yoL.] aren't sure o{the ап5Wеr and Want confirn,]at]on or clarification, Use falling lntonation ifyou are 5Ule about the ап5Wеr and expect the speaker to aglee. la UNlT ] } complete the tag questions. Then ask and answerthe questions With а partner, u5in9 ап appropriate rе5ропsе and intonation, 'l, Alex Soza ]5 ап imaglnatvecloth]n9 тАG QUE5,IloN5 designer, 2, We'Ve а ready discussed есо fashion, 3, You'd like to earn more aboL]t fashion trends, 4, You're not golnq to Wear а Woo sweater today, 5, lt's not possible to make fabric from р ast]c bottles, 6, Апа Went to the fash]on 5how With her parents, 7, You Wоч dn't Wеаr rea animalful, 8, YoU hadn't heard about Kevlar Vests before, FlNAL TASK А Presentation about Fаshiоп Trends YoU Wil give а group presentation aboutfashlon trends in а particular country, Work in а smallgroup, First, read the questions in the chart belowthat Willguideyour presentation. Then brainstorm fashion trends iп а pa(icular city orcountry, and decide оп the location you Want to report оп. Write it at the top ofthe chart, BRAlNSToRMlNG on yourown, research fashion апd style trends in уочr location.Take notes in the chart to help you organize your ideas, lnclude ideasfor visuals. с R lT lcAL тН lN KlN G: Locationi- Арр LYlN G ldeas fol visuals: What types ot fab,ics аrе рорчlаrl What clothinq fashions are'in'? hair? weal L ____ ] ] What types of5hoe5 do people ]__ ] HoW do реорlе their ] prefel? do wear? ] ] What a..eýýolies ] people like to l Y".,,."" q,*r,;;, l BEAUTY AND APPEARANCE 59 E - ,l tr JltT;, 7l: 4', 'tAl t '.) \ ý l fl l-i Young m€п Ьу lJmёda station iп PREsEt{TATlo1{ sKlLL Preparing visuals for Display osaka.Japan When preparin9visuaJ5fora pre5entation, hi9h-tech options like projectors апd bejUýt aS 5lides are nice, but low-tech options ]ike posters and handouts сап епhапсе effective. Remember that the main point ofvlsuals is to add interest and yourme55age,When preparingvisuals,a5kyoOrself: . ls the size ofthe Jettering ]arge епоч9h for everyone to see? . lsthe languageclealcorrect, briet and easytounderstand? . Will everyone Ье able to see the photos and graphics clearly? oRGANlZlNG lD EAs PRE5ENTlNG set of notes in outline tn your group,share your notesfrom exercise в. Рrераrе а new form to u5e durin9 your group'5 presentation а5 WelIa5 any appropriate vi5ual5. whowi!l present each section and which visua15 theywill use, Afterwards, join with another 9roup, Discu55 each ý Giu" you, pr"r"nt"tion. (onstlu(tive feedback, Decide grочрЗ strengths and give апу REFLEcTloN ], ln Whal 5 tuation5 do уоu need to palaphlase? What -охрrеss]оп5 сап you U5e to paraphraSe nforгnation? з, Here are the vocabu arywords and phlases from th-" Unit. check (r') the опеs you can U5e. Е alarming Пепчisiоп пconstituteп Eevolveп What did you еаrп abot]t beauty, appearance, or clothe5 that you W]ll арр!у to yol]l life? ПсопStruсtче@ Е exceS5iVely П ехс UsiveLy@ Пdaydream п Ье der ved lrогп @ Пd stinctщ Е exh]b t @ Пiпsеltщ П jnteqrate щ П perce]ve @ П pel5Uas]ve П practica] П random щ П ratioщ П substant]a у Е L]nqUe5t]onab]y г- :l п is ) l a , l l l l AcADEMlc sKlLts LlsTENlNG Ljstening for Advantages Usin9 Соlчmп5 5PEAK|NG Dеfiпiпg Telms 5aying Parentheticals cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG Evaluating THlNK AND DlscUss ] What do you thinkthese people are seeing or experiencin9? 2 HoWdoyou thjnk а virtualreality experience is diffelent from u5ualvieWin9? ] WhatWould you liketoview with virtual realjty gla55e5? 6,| I ExPLoRE тнЕ тнЕмЕ Look atthe photo and read the information. Тhеп discussthe questions, 1. What type of new techno ogy Ь shown п the photo? HoW is lt Useful? 2. What are some other new Workp асе technoJogles, and how ale they changing the Work Wоr d? 3. Look at The tUtUre ofWork 2020, Rапk the drivels lrom stlongest to Weakest, in your opinion, 4. Which key skll5 do yoU th]nk are most reJevant for еасh dr]ver? ýi м Dmitly Grishin, СЕО of Mai1.Iu, the Russian lntelnet qiant, hоldiп9 а viltual meeting With hЬ telepresen(e tobots ol g!l ,I l t] a: U lta tj: ] |-l t t ] Г-l (, ,E)(lT V\/ORK SKlLLS FоR тнЕ FUTURE Hra Ф ll l Drivers of change in the Workplace пп Кеу Skills tteeaea in the Futч]е Workplace cleatave thinkin9 so(lal knowledoeof multiй intelligence disciplines Media literacy Manaoino : ,' comoutahonal tnlnklno cross- cultural virtual under- collaboration standing Vocabulary MEANlNG Е ROM coNTExT д ПЕl Bead and listen to the article. Notice each word or рhrа5е in ыче and think about its meaning- GLOBAL EMPLOYME T TRE DS Globalization is produclng enormoUs chanqe5 in labor markets, changes that are cleatjnq both W]ппеrs and losers ln the worlplace, Here are two areas оf *,ов1;]ж::l"-*, chanqethat pertain to both employers and employees, . Advanced technologies,a key ,*' component of globalization, аrе mоrе wideýpfead than ever before, NeW developments ln technology will continue to facilitate tasks in bosiness sectoБ such as architecture and enqineering.|t ]S not, however, J "-,..,*".o*.,"., connrucl оп and Exta.l]on rn . а p]omising tlend for officeWoll,ers or the administratiVe sectol, Whelejob5 Wlll inevitably Ье lost. iý;T"X?";iili^'** *дlь О M-aq"."nt +4О5 +]]9 a Alchfectule апd ЕпgiпфIiпg +зОr . The 9lobalizatlon of commUnlcation meanS mоrе opportunities to lеаrп vLa rеmоtе 50urces. Acce5sing information from qlobalsoulces сап increase а nelso-n's caleer competence апd barn]nq роwеl, Companies who value their employees and hope to retain 4о . a compuleland Маthефап,а lnnaLlatonandMaintenan,e a sale5 and Re ded +66 . Educal Фп апd Тrа,п]п9 5чррогt fund earn п9 оррогtUпitlе5 for ambitious and rnotivated them lп today's competltiVe 9loba environгnent гпust and Wolkers-ol ri5k lо5]п9 themI ] Match each word or phrasefrom exercise Awith it5 definition. (п) а. area ofa soc]ety or есопоmу ) -competen.e .ornoonent (n) Ь, to reLate, belong, ol арр]у to з, с, 5hoWin9 5ign5 of fUture 5Ucce5s ], (V) inevitabIy (adv) 4, -fac]litate d. to keep 5, - labor (n) е, Work or employment 6, - регtаiп to (v phr) f, the abilityto do somethin9 we l 7, - promislng (adj) g, certainly, nece5Sar]ly 8, - retain (v) h. to make Sornethln9 easleI or more efficient 9. - Sector (п) l, eХlstin9 or happenin9 over а large атеа ]0, - -Widespread (adj) j, а рагt ofa Jarger Whole Work in а smallgroup. Lookatthe information iп exercise А. Discuss the qUestions. ]. tоr Which sectors i5 the future promisin9? tоr Which i5 globalization havin9 а negativP cRlTlcA L тн lN к lNG: ANALYzlNG effect? Ale апу ofthe predictionS surpriSin9? Ехр ain. 2, choose four ofthe sectoБ апd discu5s hoW globalization might Ье expand ng or shrlnkin9 the lаЬоr force lп each. vocABU LARY sKlLL Using collocat;ons co]locationS are aombinations ofWords that аrе frequently USed togethet TWo common patterns are: Noun + Nочп (Thefirst почп acts like ап adjective,) ]abarmorkets businesssectar еаrпiп9 powel odyanced techпologies remote control Adiective + Nочп privote sесtоr D complete еасh global career tip With the correct collocation. ], ]Ust know]ng your а, natural lan9ua9e ]sn't enouqh these days, Learn а second опе с, national lanqUage Ь, native angL]age 2, Do your own lnternet researah to keep Up With а, majortrends с, conSidelab е trendS Ь, uppertrends З, Take а trip overseas during а_ spring break in yourchosen field, to explore employment opt]on5 с, sprin9 iпtеlгпissiоп Ь, spling pause 4. Don't forget that companies often fill their а, sUperior p05ition5 6, l уоu have ап а, adventurous spirit с. е der posit ons Ь, senior pos tlons 5, lfyol] hоре to Wolk п the а, managing sector with ocaltalent do а eadersh р training program t) manager sector с, management sector look for а position abload. с, adventurou5 body Ь, adventurou5 enerqy 7, Develop the abiity to adapt to other cultures, as itЗ part ofa globalcareer а, skillselies ь, ski со ection 8, Join on ine discuss]onS re ated to volrr а, specific rе9]оп с. 5killset of expertbe or lntele5t, Ь. specific field с, specific environment Work in а group. Discussthe careertip5 above,Then use the collocations to make your с R lT l с А L т н l N к l N G: оwп career д PPLY|NG tips. > Dan't worry if уоч don't speak Eng|ish os well а5 yaOr паtiче laпguage- Д lot of succes|ful internotianal businesspeaple ole sril! peiecting thei Englbh] colNc cLoBAL 65 LiStening А Lecture about succeeding in Business BEFoRE Ll5TENlNG РRlОR KNOWLEDGE J Work in а smalt group. Discuss these questions, ] What does it take to Ье successful iп today's globalized business World? to about four ski]ls, called "competences",needed 2, - YoLr are qoin9 to hear а lecture you think each meanS Look at the skills and dlscuss What ;;;;ъj; йl*,; 'oday, . business competence . cultural competence . peTsona competence . soclaLcompetence WHlLE LlSTENlNG LlsTEltlNG sKlLI Listen ing for Adva ntages point outthe advantages ofthose When intlodt]cing new ideas, speakers аеп Listen forthe followin9 WayS speakers eXples5 adVanta9e5. . а clear statement ofthe advantage The оdчапtаgе/Ьепеfit . . . Ьа ", Ь ", is 05ef|,)l/benefrciol/impoltont . . is becouse , , , essential for . . , advantage а qUestion before lntrodUcin9 an why i5 , . . usеful/Ьепеflсjоl/imроftопf? possible allows uS to do or What it гпаkеs an explanation ofWhatthe advantage Doing buriners o\lows/helps ls/you (ta), " possible ta , , , . . . makes it a(rossdifferent - - - (ultures l€quire5 а high leveloI (ultural -\ ý# Б Y t.. -I NОТЕ-ТАКlNG 5KlLL Using columns То organize two correspondinq sets of informat оп, you сап use two colUmn5, Write the mаlп ideas n the eft hand со Umn,Then add а column to the right for the supportlng ideas or deta s that perta n to those гпаiп ldeas l]5 п9 arrows or lnes between the correspondln9 informat on can make it easierto 5ее and remembel the connections between the ma п ideaS апd the 5Uppolt]nq detal15 в пвЕЕ Listen to the lectule апd followalong With the notes in the first column' ;,ri^',Ti" r"^ Эuссеааiпg iп au5ine59 Мvапtаgе5 Соmреlепсе9 Г'еfrапа aапреrе,псе m(хiапе ) -э э l. ?raclca lru1' --) he|r a. со|'lr\сLivе 1пр,. -.Э 5el1 5 co|rcctvete^ch -Э m2| . mаrа4iп4 chaa5 -э -э -э a. |l)епсу withlech| \ аеvе|ор |\lеаdеr| ас|lаr2! 'rlrgl r), Lo l 14t 15 5|ссееа б 1 . \паеr."LепаiпЕуа '-. lпkmаl о|а| с0. l ,ity )а -Эе ) yaur,a val)e 1Lrcrqll уачtю аоkЬеуопауr .le1llo| of .оппе.l,iо cDlr -bet Listen аgаiп апd completethe second co|umn of notes in exercise В. Write morethan two words in each blank. .l ПЕ по NoTE TAKlNG АFтЕR LlSTENlNG a WorkWith а раrtпеr. Discuss these questions. PER5oNALlzlNG ], Which ofthe competences that the lecturer Spoke abot]t is an area of strength fог you? lf po55ible, qive ап eХample. 2. Which ofthe competences Would you like to develop? Expiain, GolNG GLoBAL 67 Speaking sPEAKlNG sKlLL DеfiпiпgТеrms when g]ving а presentatlon, you may sometime5 use terms that are related to а speclfic held,youl listeneБ may not befamiliarwith theseterm5, and their mеапlпg may d]ffel flom the dictionary deinlt]ons, lп these caýes, you should define the tеrгп5 u5]пg lanquage that youl aud ence will undeБtand, Неrе are some expression5 уо1] сап U5e: The telm... refers tо/mеап', -. Ву...,lmеап -.. Thismeans... ---isdеfrпеd as.. You can also define а term Ьу Slmply paL]sing after the term and giving а definition, А пЕа Work with а partner Take turns reading the sentences aloud usin9 expressions from the skill Ьох. тhеп listen and filt in the expressions the speaker uses, l, е*опопd, 'пlF lloen(e, undeбtanding your оwп emotions and those ofothers, the Skil5 reqUlred sacio] саmреtепсе to engage W]th and get the best out ofother people, З, The third component of SociaL competence is known а5 aоплесiiче tеdсhiпg, being just а5 eagerto learn ftom otheTs а5 you are to pass on your knowledqe to them an Understanding of aultural 4. cUltura competence - differences and how to make Use ofthat knowledge, f - Match each term related to globalization оп the leftwith its definition on the right, соса-со onization а, the d stancefood is tlanspoгted from producerto consumer - postnationa isпr Ь, the globallzation ofAmerican culture thlol]gh U,5. products с, ineqUaLlty ]п access to computers and the lnternet з, food mies d. ап actlve u5erofsocial media and the ]nternet 4. ang е- the process Ьу Which nations become globa] entltles 5. -World netlzen l а new language created from several modern langUages 6, digita divide workwith а partner, practice 5ауiпg sentences to introduce and then definetheterms 2. DЕF lN lN G TERMS l - in exercise в. Use expressions for defining terms from the speakin9 Skill Ьох, > Опе ospect of glabolizotion thot isn't olways yle]come Ь coca-colonizalian, Ву сасо coloпizot]an,l mеоп the g]obolizatian of дmеriсоп сu]tulе thraOgh U,S. product| ба UNlT 4 D Work in а smallgroup. Djscuss the adva ntag е5 апd/оr d isadva ntages ofthesixaspects cRlTlcAL THlNK NG: ofglobalization,Take notes below. Write ап advantageand disadvantageforeach. EVALUAT NG Мvапtаgе5 Д5ресt9 ot Globaliat ion ol1zeLan ) 2. Pa5tn^Lion7 iam -) 3 foaa mi е5 -э 4.wоdаЬ|q -э 5, n1lzen -э Оiэааvапt аgез 1. aссе сс 6,dioiu ачidе Е э consider ajob you аrе interested iп and hoW globalization might impact it. complete the tasks. сR lTlc At тн lN к lNG: ], Wrte ajob you are interested in 2, Look Ье oW at the glaphic from the beginnlng ofthe unit, HoW do the Driveб and Кеу skil5 re ate to thejob you chose?Take notes,Then discU55 your ideas Wlth а раrtпеr, . Drvers relevant to thejob: Кеу 5kills relevant to thejob: which sk ll s are your Strengths and Which are your WeakneSses? Strengths: Weakne55e5] . WolkWith а partner, Discuss steps you cou d take to Ье better prepared for thisjob, Drivers ofchange in the Workplace Кеу skills Needed iп the Future Workpla(e creative thinkang knowledoeof ,",:il:'^." .Hil*:, Manaoino litelacy i,- Lomoutational thInkno cro55- cultural virtual under- collaboration standin9 GolNG GLoBAL 69 GRАммАR FоR sPEAK|NG Gerund Phrases agerL]nd (the ;;r"d рМ"* ,, . type of noun phlase, Gelund phraSes begin With additional ba-se form'of а verb plus -jnq)and lncLude опе ol mоrе modifrels and ob]ect oЦects,They are USed а5 thЪ 5ubject ol Subject соrпрlеrпепt of а 5entence, of а Verb, orobject of а preposition, Мiпg rcalistic but ot thе 5опе time optimistic o]laws us to Stoy pasjtiveечеп whеп things 9аwrопg- ТhеfiБtсоmропепt af pel sопоl соmреtепсе Ь uпdеlslопdiпg youlself, You shau]d паl аvоid mоkiпg diffrcult deci'ions sacjo] соmреtепсе is essentiol far Ыiпgiпg togethel gloups of toleлted people, put the words and phrases in the correct ordel to create sentences with gerund phrases about careel skills. пЛоrе than one answer may Ье possible, ] to th]nk crit c.rlly / i5 / ior prob em !о Ving / being alrle / essent]J 2. аrе v tal / access ng cUlrent iпfоrгпаt on / lnternet search Ski 5 / for З, huge amounts ofdata / facilitate/ analyzing / Big Data sk]lls 4, а h]qh leveJof/Working With othels successlu ]y/emot]ona ]nte 1iqence / requires 5, decisions /а fLrndarnentaL 5k]1l / of leaders / is / mak n9 6. mапу emp oyers/ is / sо ve рrоЬ ems effective у / look lor / а sk]lll be]ng able to 7, сhап9е / l5l to Welcome / а key 5kill/ being able В. а folelqn anquage/toward becoming /а globalcitizen/ isl earning /ап importantstep cRlTlcAL THlNKlN6: RАNкlNб discuss Work in а smallgroup. Look at the career skil15. Add two more tothe list,Then (least useful), (most to ]0 useful) 1 bow important ibey аrе, and numbel them from f, Speaking а foreign language а, analyzing data Ь, being ab]etothinkcritically с, deci5ion-makin9 d. lesearchinq informat]on onllne е, solving problems effect]vely 'о u llа l - g, Welcoming change h Worlino Wlth оthеБ LESSON TASK Role-Playing а Job lnterview Workwith а partnet You are goin9 to role-play ajob interview, Lookatthe list of intelvieW question5 апd add опе more que5tion about Work experjence. lN тЕ Rч lЕW QU EsTloN s ], can yoU tel me а ]ttle about yourself? 2. What are yoUr greatest sтength5? з, What is your greatest Weakness7 4. Describe а 5tre55f! Workp асе s tuation yoU experienced, HoW did you handle it? 5, What iS your approach to WoIk ng successfu у in а team7 6. 7. on yourown,study the interview questions and prepare youranswers. Make notes to use during the intervieW. Use апу wolk, school, or life experience you've had, information from this lе55оп, and уоUr imagination, as necessary. cRlTlcA L THlNKlNG EvERYDAY LANGUAGE Asking about Experlences Соп you tellme abaOt о time thot/when yau... ? Наче уоu еVеr hod the сhапсе/арроrtчпilу ta . . . ? The Ноп9kоп9 Наче уоu еVеrhоd опу ехреiепсе with. -. ? апd shan9hai Banking (оmрапу With уочr partner, role-ptay ап interview between а hiring manager at ап international соmрапу and ап applicant. Askthe interview questions from exercise А, а5 Wellas any follow up questions as appropriate. Use explessionsfrom the Everyday LangUage Ьох. Тhеп switch roles and repeat. (HsBc)is а 9lobally with h€adqUarters in Нопg Коп9 and Ьrап(hеs throughoutth€ wor|d. : tщE iь ^ q, .--,,- ff;b t rT, l t зr' ,il - =]-.- '*:t ,..-l. *- ,7,, пl.I F / ,-.;t:e€"-1,j1,=' ll"-l l Зh, п c*q ЁЗ'--:l L r:j,*- :ц .jl ь: #) а -*"-.., l u,o.o i' , 7 ,,..,, #il е '|- А 5herpa lepla(e, LFl rope оп Апа цочп16;1;1 f;_. n", _Нimаlауаз, q вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG J Work in а smalt group. Look at the photo апd discuss the questions, ]. Where do you think the Sherpa llve? What m]9ht the climate Ье like? 2, Тhе Sherpa people are farnousforthe Workthey do,What do уо0 thinkthey do? ,omР ot tnp Wdv( q,oba'ild|'on \ аее(llпо ,оЬ "l lг l esson А, yoL |edlledHoWoboul Work of do yoLr thLnl, global2atlon is affectln9 the l]ves and .u-rk-J unj'*o,t "o, the Sherpa people? WHlLE vlEWlNG NoTE тАкlNб of the video, given Ьу mountain climberand National l пв watch the introduction Anker, complete the notes, write по more than two - Бооrаоhiс Exolorerinconrad each Ьlапk. worjs or а пчmьеr 1hе ghеrра Р eoPle Тhе Эhеr?а реор е -Э OnEoi elhnic \ra)Ps wlin Мtzппqаl эпеrра ь,с\,\ilусапrcсtrjdlл -Э \eal)herpa cl)llurc сhlпqеd ) the уеа.I enz |4l\очау апа эir Еаmuпа | 1l2 7' Ulltт a v ), С ЕШ ], Watch the entire video. Iйatch each idea With the speaker Whо expresses it. Каrmа Tsering improved. Anker 2. з, -conrad мах LoWe 5, - 4, D ЕШ а, sherpa edUcation, healthcare, and clothing have а l UNDEя5TANDlNG MAlN lDEA s Ь, sherpa can earn enough money, а though lifefeels hurlied, с, sherpa society hа5 become much mofeconnected than before, Ьпсhа Sherpa d. Мапу Sherpa people аrе ambitious and seeksuccess abroad. Mahendra Kathet е. SherpaS earned а rnodern ski]l thank5 to а foreigner'S 9ift, UNDERSTANDlNG Watch the video again and choose the correct answet 'l. 5 r EdmUnd Hil ary rewarded his 5hеrра gu deS With Watches а5 а, payment с. а prlze Ь, а ЬопUs and medica clinics. 2, ln terrns ofhea th care, the Sherpa поW have а. ап еуе doctor DETA lL s с. а pharrnacy Ь, а dentist З, The опlу issue Капсhа sherpa is concerned about i5 а, rпаklпg mопеу Ь, dealinq With tourists с, globalWarming 4, Sогпе believe that реорlе are losing the abi lty to focus оп а. true happiness ь, the tourist trade с, mountanclmblng Ь, plodUction с. edocatlon -. hаý led to healthier dietS, 5, Ап increase in food а. divelsity 6, YoU can now USe а cell phone а, at the top of Ь, flom anywhere MoUnt Everest, on с, atthebasecampof АFтЕR vlEWlNG cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG Г,аuа-trq When you evalUate, you make a]'Udqment based оп crlteria,To evalUate situations or concepts, гпаkе 5ure yoU have а good undeбtandln9 ofthe criteria you are usin9,This wlIlallowyo! toeХplaln youreva uation more с eary to other people, High ght your evalUation criteria Ьу beginning With опе ofthese expresslons: lntqms af[dier],,., With rcgord to [culture], Д5 for о5 [educotian] gaes,... Work in а smallgroup. Usethe criteria below to evaluate this statement 5iпсе 795З, Sherpo life hos сhапgеd fol the better. physicaIWell being technolo9icallevel cRlTlcAL тв lN к lNG: EvA LUATlN G traditions and cultule colNc сLовлL 't VосаЬulаrу l ЕЕ Listen and (heck (r' ) the Words you already know, Use а dictionary уоч With апу new Words. to help (v) tr emerging (adj) П inf|uential (adj) П portable (adj) tr prominent (adj) П mass (adj) trapplication (п) trеп.iсh (v) Е collaborate М П imPlication (п) tr anticipate cRLTlcAL т н lN K]NG: ANALYZlNG l - article in the Rpad the definition of auqment. Тhеп read the "Revealed world" section with а partner, Ь"Ь* WПчt ао уо u lhiпi ougmented reality mеапs? Discuss your ideas augment М: to make something largel stronger, or more effective Ьу addlng to it completethe aIticle with wordsfrom exercise А, use the correct form ofthe l пЕ Тhеп listen апd (heck your answers, - Words. lтнвwопlоог AUGMENTED REALlTY AUgmented reaL]ty s one lm,oln. ьuЬЬlб l|оrfiпq b.lor. your .y.s. fillcd wilh (фl iпiо about sa.n(. бdlоп? Nор.. llз ,чqmепl,d E,lily, .i"ri"." *. .. tb. of the most plomisin9 and ....' _ -- global trends of recent years. This much technology is most often Used the reality We see throL.]qh а cel phone or 'iУf\ " ]i\ ;.::у:,Цa,''"- .lev].e With fLrn ol Llseful informat]on, lmages, sounds, orvideo5, other Some "-"t, юurln. .9 Ыоw!iп9 rhё web, And ;п. day ir'll Ь. .s дЕ)аа ta!ked '-2 about з Revealedworld olaUgmented reaLity that are а ready belng Wldely used ]nclude 5 histolic sites, mL]seum apps that highlight and dispLay iпfоrгпаtiоп about restaUrants, exh]bits, orWhere you parked your car А Var]ety ofoutdool aS they hUntfor а low р ayers to Роkёп,]оп Go i5 the most rea ]ty to а 3 games usethe technologyto digltalobjects, Аmопg such 9ame5, example; ]t has introduced aUgrnented audibnce.The augmented reality experience is аЬо ava]lable lenses, As we look toward through sресаlеуейаr or headsets, and 5ооп even contact rnany rnore uses forthiS promlsing technologyWlth we the future, fol nearlyevery aspect of life in theyears to соmе, D complete the chartWith the correctform ofeach Word, U5e а dictionaryto help you, Nочп verb со abolate ] 2, implcation з, influential 4, anticipate 5. х 6, еrпеIgе prominent Work with а partner Discuss these questions. св TlcAL THlNK Nб EvALUATlNG ]. Look at the photo below and read the caption. What is anotherWaythat au9mented reality cou d enrich а museum experience? AU9mented r€ality adds another level 2, WoUld you pleferto ассе55 the lntelnet via 9laSses ora headset? EХplain, orinformatioDto з. Do you thinkthat augmented reality willcontinue to 9enerate mass interest? what muýeumexhibits. Dinoýaur bone5qet futule u5e5 forth]5 emerging technology do you anticipate? а layerofffeshand 4, Do allLlses ofaugrnented reality enrich our ]ives? or are thele апу negative th€ abilityto move imp]ications ofthe.na55 Use ofthi5 technology? Explain, around atthe Royal ontarioMureum, canada. a a L Е/ Qё \ .д L- U r:*о*,.i бо Nб сtовлL '! l LiStening А podcast about Augmented Reality вЕFоRЕ LlsTENlNG cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG: lNTERPRETlNG in Work with а partnel. Discuss these questions, the опе Ье oW? , Where might you 5ее ап image like 2, What kinds of information ale availab е ]nthe image? ] vlSUAL5 я]ýеý:6]оз аm sets:9 25 р m. д lаGе сопSlеlаtiоп replesennn9 us С..еhоl фпе., s.прh.п шt.чппl }lr, л 4, re,ews () t I "".,,,".,,""",,""I Сар lo Ьеоап tn ]79З | Щ,*д _l $з,19 WHlLE LlSTENlNG Ll5TENlNG FоR l MAlN lDtAs - пИ (AR), check ("/) the two main Liýten to а podcast about augmented reality ideas the speakers discuss, ] , Е AR i5 а useful technology Wlth mапу d]fferent applicationS, use оfрогtаЬ е devices 2, ПАR'5 popularity ha5 contriblrted to the Widespread pUlchase, ПАR i5 UsefulWhen dec]dlng Wh]ch piecesoffUrnitureto з 4, EAR fac]litates the 9Lobalizatlon оf cultule thloLr9h 5. П Роkёmоп Go'S popular]ty haS L,rnquestionably 76 ()Nl, 4 populal game5, benefited loca] economles, с ПЕ Listen again and complete the outline. write по more than two words in each Ьlапk, Ll5TENlNG FоR DETAlLs пLrаlа ДR а| епеrqiпа lrе|d iп lach Д,. СапЬiпе1lаlаl па4е5 lhе В Lrt€r, АR Wil |te\lale5aLna5 ДР,hа5 iпparlntimp|icat ап5fа. q|оЬа izat ап of Ьв д,. ?оt п|а 1,o епriсh а cala i(nilat e facia| & q апсе5 uоrе рр U5i,n4 Д.<) mаrc аffаrdаЬlе Д,. п iпdЕlry, machine' mafkea В. )ha?plnqfol ftliture раkёпап оо й ^ееhaw aaksinrааm I'ha| F acebaaklTw l:rеl )п 1yr Ь HowloP ау 1, Laoklar апiпÎrеа (i,е, ?аkёпа|) 2. Gaa| caPture Lhem in yau. с Rеаэоп5 fof1ucceâ 1. Fаkёпап \уа5 а rcây а 2 ?р fe l betler V,!a|k ц аrаuпа а|tîdе 3. Сhапсеэfаr 1, |а5 Pwr la make area1 а. ]0 lL n"-ra.,\a-. ab.J 9. а. t. o1-1 _Pl АFтЕR LlSTENlNG ! Work iп а small group. Discuss the'e questions. Use уочr notes from exercise С to help you. ], What isan application ofARthatwould iгnproveyourown life? Ехрlа'п, сп lTlcA L THlNKlNGI REFLECTlNG 2. some believe that games that are played worldwide, such а5 Роkёmоп Go, have contributed to the globalization ofcu tUre, others see them а5 globa]fadsthat hdve по 5ignificant impact, What i5 your VieW? з, what are some ofthe benefits ofthe 9lobalization ofculture? what are some of the draWback5? GolNG GLoBAL 77 Speaking РRО UN(lАТlОN saying Parentheticals пtЕ we sometimes use palenthetical expresslon9 to hе!р сlаriб/ oul W|ll'd ,1olI paJ,p o'lola aI d a'tel he iп'опdl|оl оl I"]е,р ideas, We ,eodldIP tг,- .".,"i,.", ь"о,л " ,одоr lhаг t,le оl ,o(eo.lo,elha 1lerlJpl|oI dгdIi,Р( ", q,il,,y.i,i "Ъiа l1i.oIepaIe5 hё ||,|,^е, rоI LhF 'onl 1Jdl o1o/lae:nlellJpled Sentence, АUапрг,|ро lPo!,, ч _о, t it,юften colhd ho,be"n о рюm,прпt тrcпd ,n tp,"nt lpots -- isgrca. out il, nal lhе \оm, а, Ьёпа |here Гh") соп!о,п rneeling,Ьу рпоп" тhеп listen and undertine tbe parenthetical expression in each sentence, u5in9 (orrect if,e-ck yоur work, With а partner, pIa(ti(e saying these senten(es, intonaiion and pauses with the parentheti,al!, бЕЕ -hkh l. Thatcar Service,tholrqh conVenientand affordable, s taking jobS away lrom taxi driver5 everyWherereality game, Роkёmоп Go i5, at least fol now, а Wildly popular aLlgmented hа5п't had the mas5 appeal We'd з, Wearable technology, despite all the advedising, 2. anticipated, BollРvood style dance classes, believe it or not, are а growin9 tlend in many places, Digital агt that is created fol U5e оп the 1nternet is sometimes, exlIemeIy stUnn,ng, iп my opinion, useful, are caU5]n9 sorne Robots and othel machines, although they are undeniably jobs, реорlе to lose their 'mil]ennials,' are skilled at People born Ьемееп ]982 and 2оо4, ýometimes called Lr5ing socia] med]a to collabolate, В. The inclease in injUries to teens, Which few anticipated, l5 5роrt5 tlend. llnked to the 9 оЬа1 eХtreme populaI cu |t":" ji:l,"":, Wolk With а раdпеr Makefive statements about topi(5from parenthetica l expres,ions tп tпе TV, music, sports, fashion, te(hnol09y, etc,) usin9 the and pauses, Ьох below or ones ofyoul оWп. Use correct intonation Д: Robert Dаwпч, )r.,l thjnk ya0'l1 oglee, is а really qreot acta(В| oh, dehnitely, Не wаslп the Lron Ма п movie, и/ hich l love, 76 UNIT4 l апd jп Spidel.r'ao, thinkyou'l1 agree though l've печеr tried ]t ье ieve lt ol not in my opinion Which l ]ove as far as l'm concerned с the cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG: Work iп а smaltgroup. Read aboutfour еmеr9iп9 global trends. Тhеп discuss benefits and drawbacks thesetrends could hачеоп people, businesses, or organizations. AN А LY zlNG Д: 5yntheticfaad wauld inevitab]y save the ]iчеs of milliоп5 af апimаl5, В: That's rrue, Ьut would it Ье heo]thy lo eat? ]t caO]d hove some пеgаtiче effec\ ап реар]е who e1l jf. caDldn't it? ], syntheticfoodi Plant l]ascd meat rep acement9 and meat 9rоWп lп aboratories Without harming an mal5 Wil Ье согп]пg to qlocery stores, 2, viЁual reality (vR): YoU Wi Ье able to Watch iveshowsandconcertsandfeelas f yol]'re actually there WithoUt eavlng your liV ng room, З, se|f-drivin9 cars: companies lke TesJa and Uber are creatin9 System5 that Wil elim nate the need for drivers and reduce the пuгпьеr оl road accidents, 4. Artificial аrе computeБ аrе already Wliting 5опg5 and Wil 5oon Ье creat пg movies, pa]ntlng5, novel5, and poetry, FlNAL TASK Evaluating а Social Media Platform You are goin9 to research а soc]al rnedia р atform, eva uate its imрогtапсе for globalization, and present your fi ndin95 to your 9roup, Work in а smallgroup. Look atthe bargraph and discuss these questions. ], HoW are the socia media platforms ranked iп the сhаrt? cRlTlcA L тН lN KlNG i lNTERPRETlNG 2, What do the different bar colors represent? З, Which ofthe platГorms hаче you heard of? Which have you Used? Active lJsers Ьу so(ial PlatIorm ассочпс Ьу platform, in m lIion' September 20]6 аа azone Twltter ]зlз srуре ] зоо BalauTieba ] ] I Pintercst l зоо snapcbat Linkedln zoo ]об ]оо l l socialNetwolk Messenge/chat аррДОlР (voice over lntern€t plotocol, ol lnternet рhопе ýeryice) corNc GLoBAL 79 oRGANlztmc tDEA s В choose а platform from the graph in exercise А оr anotherto lesearch,Then prepare а presentation usin9 the outline beloW' |. ||Nюa|Jclio| r Plla| al lhe ?latfo(п о. д,Ьrid hiq|l )ry of the р atfoгnr l|, The1)1ne.sa ts. \\ho are t5 cam?ella4 с. нФу dое5il саmраrc йlh t5 cornPeLitD$? whal ale lhe 5iпi 2r 1 . Globa|i2bo| 1a5l?aPu ае D. Haw aoe5t re D12ltа(п fac]ilaw аlаЬа z^tal Д- 5the ?|^tl, fm c'rfenl]y becaninq mоrе о. е55 рар|lа ts, HoWWllrht p|21,f oft| |ike|y сhа|4е | lhe f lL|re? РRЕsЕNТАТlОN sKlLL Managing Nervousness lt ]5 normalto Ье а little nervous at the beginnln9 ofa preSentatlon. Be,aL]se the first impression you ma ke оп your а udlence i5 lm роrtа nt, еа rn to ma паgе апу nervousness, Fir;t of а l, rememberto breathe and Ье а5 natura а5 yol] can, Make an effort to speak slowlyand саlrпlу, Memoliz]ng the first few sentences you рlап to saycan sometimes help. soon you wi l feel more comfortable and confident, PRE5ENTlNG Present your platform to your 9roup, Notice Which strategyyou use to mапа9е nelvou5ne5s. Whеп you fiпish, ап5wеr any qUestions. REFLEcTloN ] What ]nforrnatlon that you earned n this uп t ls lkely to ье the most Lr5efulto you? Why and how? З, Here are the VocabLr]ary Words and phra5e5 from the Un]t. check (,/) the опе5 you сап u5e, П anticipate щ Eapplication ) What trend nthe unit did you find the most interesting? Псоmропепt Е еmёrgiпg Е Eenrich !О utrtT д l rr,tlп l Einev]tabyщ Прrогп]sпq Есо laborate Ecompetence Efaciltate@ Пpoltable П impl cation @ Е prominent П Е nfluentia! П letain @ ПlаЬоrЕ Е mass П perta n to п sector - ПWide5pread MlGRATIoN l - & li { :ý J _---1а \ ý * ,ш ч -; l l l *{ AcADEMlc sKlLL5 Ll5TENlNG Listeningforclarification l,]sing aTime Line 5PEAKlNG Approximatin9 Linking with you ol your cRITlcAL THlNKlNG Distinguishing Fact from Тhеоrу r- fi THlNK AND Dl5cUss ] Migration Ь Whеп animals (оr people)movefrom опе placeto another, Where do you thinkthe deer in the photo are going? 2 Whatdoe5the photo 5ug9est aboutthe relationship betWeen hчmап development and animal migration? з what are reasons people miqht mоче from опе рlасё to апоthе17 Lookatthe map and leadthe information. Тhеп discuýg thequёstioný, 1. What route is Рачl 5alopek takinq оп hi5joulney, and how i5 he traveling? 2. What do you thinkwere some reasons that еаrlу huгnansleft Africa? 3. Why do you think Salopek i5takin9 thisjourney? +- -*-ё-?- l>з МОЧNТСАRМЕL cAvEs met at this an(ient ЕURорЕ china and Aktau, B rhkek, ЪýIr9уzstап яslд TlANYUAN cAvE, снlNА l Вопе5 ofan eally ?' modern human florn 40,000 щ found in 200з, дFRlсд Ethiopia (Вчt!r .. . r Route ьу boat t' . Human migration route Estimated arrival points дUsтRдLlд ь{ ТНЕ LONGEST VYALK Evidence suggests that Ноmо 54рiеп5 set out to discover regionS of Earth some 100 to ]25,000 уеа15 а9о, traveling from Ethiopia's Great Rift Valley to the farthest tip of South America. То retrace their steps, Writer РаuI salopek hа5 begun his оWп global joUrney, а 21,000 mile trek that toUches four continents. calling the project the out ofEden Wolk,Salopek is Usin9 the latest fossil and genetic findin95 to plan hi5 route. His reports from the trail are posted rе9ulаrlу at outofedenwalk.org. .а .ll fa}ý] Апсhоrаgе, Alaska NоRтн дмЕRlсА sHlsHMAREE ALA5KA National Gео9rарh ic Explor€r Paul salopek iп the А{а. region orEthiopia 2О22Со|чmЬчs, bridge from Asia tothis region, pelhaps ] 2,000 уеаБ а9о. Е MONTEVERDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL slTE, cHlLE sate contains l evidence ofhuman migration (in сапоеs) coast ofthe Americas. тlЕRRА DEL FUЕGо, cHILE Thewalkendý where reached their last (ontinental edq€, soUTH AMERlcA VосаЬulаrу MEANlNG FRОМ coNTExT and listen to the information д бЕЕl LooK at the map,'] hеп read about its mеапiп9, about miqration, Notice еасh word in blue and think PATHSTO А NEW WORLD No опе iS 5Ure how or When the filst oot to iпF дmеIi, as ЧоWFчFL lр'ег| notable (hагgрd oiscoveries огd DNA "пdl\\е, nd\e mlqlar on\ hLman [i,qt oLr perspective ог 'he гпJпd h"ve дmе,i.а, A]chaeologists peopLe \l пtо'lч" q,oLp of pe'hap, fewel than 5,ОOо ]ndividUals ventured trom Asia into the Arnericas over ] 5,000 yeals ago, Thl\ oroup, lhey оеliё!F,',d!е ed d1 immense оrqъiсе i orq tге wеъlеlп co",l| грý оl No,tl^ апd South Аrпеriса. Subsequently, after а meltino olo.,or, l^dd opA.red an ln|6rlor odIh, а Аl lolIo\&l19 а sесогd qirolp migrated t,om йi ,oure thev а]-ео Io е\р'о,е dnd )etle the central areas oi the Amel]ca5, Genetic 5tt]dies have confirmed the hypothesiý that modeln American Lndian5 are indeed the descendants of people flom A5ia, _",/'den, е )JqqFсllгg Ihat а ! i.: ,J-fi-тбй** '9lrGl.r (n): an extlernely large mas, of ice в Wlite each word in blue from exercise А nextto its definition, 1, 2. з, (п) а posslble eХplanation suggested Ьу evidence (adv) later or afterwalds (п) polnt olVieW (n) Ь ood relatives in future genelation5 into а place that mi9ht Ье dangerouS 5, (V) Went 6. (adj) extremely lalge or great in amount оr s,ale 7. (adj) leLated to chalacteristlc5 ofthe bodythat are passed from 9eneration to 9eneration Е4 UNlT 5 в. (n) scientists Who Study ancient cUltures thlou9h 9, (adj) important, interesting, ol ren]arkable ]0, (v) rnoved flom опе area to another bUildingS,and re]ics ofanc]ent реор е5 the tool5, Work iп а smallgroup. Di5cu55the questions and ехрlаiп your answers. ]. What i5 а notable diScovery of the 2] st century? 2. What is а good Way to сhап9е а person's perspectve? 3, Have you ечеr VentL]Ied somewhere unUsUal or offthe beaten track? fyou haven't, Would you like to? 4, What сап you desclibe as lmmелsе? 5, Look at the гпар in exercise А. Оп Which осеап did the 5,000 people Who migrated from Asia trave ? About What distance did they travel in the Americas? vo(ABULARY sKlLL Suffxes -onland -iJr The suffix dnt is added to some veTbs to anean а ре15оп Who performs the action of the verb, аррlу э applicont dеSсепd э descendont The SUffiX -lJt is added to 5оmе Verbs от nouns to referto а реБоп Who performs ап action, uses ап instrument or device, ol works iп а certain field, type э typist о lch аеа logy э о rch аеа l ag ist D Write а Word ending in dлг or -iJt that matches the definition. Use the Underlined Words and а dictionary to hеlр yotr, ], someone who oarticioates n an aatlvitv 2, someone Who Works iп the field ofbio ogv з, а реr5оп Who studies the fUtUre and makes predlctions 4- а реr5оп Who miarates from опе place to another а реБоп who draws cartoons for а living 6. а реrSоп Who debods himself or herselfin court 7, а scientist who does genet]c research 8. а реr5оп Who inhabits а сеrtаiп region Work iп а smal|group. Di5cu55 the questions. '] , Geneticlsts have discoveled that lnformat on i5 Written in oul DNA, What 5огt ol с R lT lcAL THlNKlNG: вЕFLЁстlNG iпfоrгпаtiоп has genet с research uncovered? What can it tell uS about oUrselves and our fami ies? 2, Notable d]scoverieS, such as the di5covery ofthe ancient ciVilization of the E9yptian5 that thrived over 5,000 yea15 а9о, have changed the Way We understand the past, WoUld you Ье ]nterested in becoming ап archaeologist and doing this kind of research? EХplain, З, А r,mе.dрJUlе i5 а container filed With itегп5 that We hope Wil one day Ье found Ьу othels, lfyou Were going to create а time capsule, What items Would you include to best represent your сч ture today? Ехрlаiп your choices, м бяАтlоN 85 вЕFоRЕ LlsTENlNG fs ц ,;*- -а {л lro, ,lп Neanderthal PREDlcTlNG a tY ,г--щ Workwith а partner, Lookatthe photoand сарtiоп,Тhеп questions. ], Sсiепг5t\ belleve 'hdl tne Nedldeгthd, "iii"., -""уia"..""O' orve"'s predict the answers to these wele а , ре(iё, о' ап(lепl l^Lфa,l\ thdl be(amp ago,,. Wh'ch Ieq,o15 of Ihр еdгlh do vou thlnl, Neandeгthal5lived? *i."ii"""" rn'"O b"ooened Whеп modeln human5 moved ]nto an alea that had a,leadv been settled Ьу Nedldelt|^dlq/ DNA iп modern hUman51 з, Do you think there ls any Neande'thal WHlLE LlSTEN lNG cHEcKlNG PRED]cTloNs г пшЕш Listen tothe podcast, Were your predictions in exercise А correct? cRlTl с AL тн l N Kl NG Distingulshing tact from Theory impoia1l sl ,'| Ье, aLsF дh 'е Ъ,ь DstlпоL',гiгqЬеIrееп[асtоrdthроrч 5dr :* ;;";;;;;; Йо,iё(-av, 1.nge,lп )(,р'.(е Id, "dlё\ilJd'о1\'ldlra| , ,о b,)pd o1,d, о" Tn"o, ;]";;l";J:;";";;;;qo," t| а,I io,md'|o| |, da ",plo1dl|o1) al ё'l ",Ъ,оч л| i,й,-l пЪ"i*"""'l" |до, il lo1 ое he,oful lo o\t obbe,iot о" ,[act, о, о" e,planat,on ,l l^Fо1l, tб l' NlI ' rl, ,I)N л ЕЕ Listen to ап excerpt from the podcastand write Ihеоry ol Fо.t ], EVery опсе in а Whie, а ЬаЬу i5 born With а s lght dlfference in its DNA, 2. З, 4. cRlTlcAL тН lN KlNG: DlSTlNGUlSHlNG f АСТ F ВОМ ТН ЕО RY All humans are re ated to one Woman Who ived about ] 50,000 yealý а9о, - hundred thou5and yealý ago, hUmans Ьеgап mlgratinq out ofAfrica, Scientists have found the lеmаlпs ofanclent humans in Ausпalia. 5, -Очеrопе Humans Wele а ready living lп Europe З0,000 уеаrs а9о, 6. Neandeathals Were absorbed into the modern hUman fагп]lу, ШОТЕ-ТАКlNG sKlLL Using aTime Line -5огпе When studylng а topic that i5 organized chronologically, а time liпе сап Ье the clearest and п,]оst effic]ent Way to organize уоur notes,Tlme lines Usualy rL]n ftom left to right, bl]t settinq Up а time line diagona ]у ol Velt]ca у can create more space for eVents and theil description5, ПЕЕ Listen to an ""cerpt from the podcast. As you listen, complete the time line N отЕ TAKlNG about human migration. Write по mоrе than two Word5 or а пчmЬеr. HUMAN МlGПАТЮN 15,00О+ yrl. ago Рр frcm Asia э N Amer; 5 Ьу fo!nd Ьу archaeologbts 100 t25,000yrs.ago 30,ОOО уБ. а9о 5m group moved from M,E,9roupsp tup tз- уБ.а9о 2"!groupWa ked a.loss опе Went to с. Aýia &other Europe АFтЕR LlSTEN lNG WorkWith а partner. Take turns completin9 thetasks. ], Frоm memory, retellthe story ofthe journey of modern hU.nanS that you heard,lfyou need help, rеfеr to the time line in eХercise D2. The inforanatlon you heard follows the story ofrnodern human5 Up Untilabout ] 2,000yea15 а9о When they had reached every continent except Antarctica, There have Ьееп mапу othel migrations of people since then, Think ofan eХample ofa migration of people in the past or present. Explain the circumstances and the rea sons for it to you r ра гtпеl. nc Ude апу facts you know and theories you have, с R lTlcAt тН lN KlNG: REFLEcTlNG Speaking sPEAKlNG sKlLL Approximating W".ft"" *"d t" ""ц"s5jn l'm leoviпg wolk apploХlmate nLrmbers,5l]ch а5 amounts, dates, оrtirпеs, about 1О пinutes.l'll see you оюuпd 7:00, Here are some explessions you can use to mean аючпd ol about: tjke or thercobouts -kh onestimoted mоrеаl]е55 roughly something opproximotely оr sa These expressions are 5in,]ilar in mеапiп9 to пео rlу о( equolta| olmost upto поt quite Дпd these eХpressions сап Ье L.]sed to rпеап лоtlеss thал or oyer (а certain VaLue): otleast m ber of expressions for ПШ The podcast about mi9ration included а пчatoUd, using expression5 fol ap-friimatin9, With а partnerlead the senten(es approximatin!. Тhеп tisten and write the expressions u5ed, ]. Based on genetic ev]dence,5c entists поW th nkthatallhuman5 are reJated to one wоmап who lived ] 50,ООО years ago in East Aflica, that some oftheýe humans reached Au5tralia, 2, lt Was 50,000 year5 ago whele archaeo ogists have found ancient hurnan rеmа!п5, З0,000 yea15 а9о. 3, one gloup reached centlal Asia ь 1 ]5,0О0 yearS ago u5]пg а sea route, keepin9 4, Thefi rst grоUр crossed t close to the shoreasthey continued down the west coastofNorth and Eaaly modefn humans hunt du]ing thе ice а9е. ! (Ё-д i south Amelica tr } л. ?, }. {hI lт,t ,rit - ?l_: I gq-*.Ф PERsoNALlzlNG WorkWith а partner. Askeach other these q uestions. Answer using expressions for approximatin9. 1 , HoW гnL]ch mопеу wou d you Ье W]lling to spend on а car? 2, HoW much time offdo you get in а year? З, HoW long have you Ьееп studying Еп9 ish? 4, HoW much money do you spend per month оп entertainment? 5, Think of а ch]ldhood friend, HoW long has it been since you ast saw him or her? 6, HoW lоп9 has it Ьееп since you 1a5t used soc]a media? 7, What реrсепtаgе of Neanderthal DNA doyou thinkyou гпi9ht have? 8, HoW lопg doyou thinkyou Willbe studying English? GRAMMAR FОR sPEAKll{G Modalsof Past Possibility То make 9Uesses and inferences aboUt the paSt, $е could hоче, mоу (паt) have,ol might(not) hove апd а paSt particip]e, l\4аdеrп humопs enterin? Ceorral Д5iо could hove luп into Neanderthals. That qrоuр migbt поt hаvе Ьееп ]arger rhап о thousand people, lп short respon5e5 that are guesses, do not !5е the past particip е, HDjd thц соmе from the l,triddle Eo|t? gТhеу mау hоче. When Ье is the maln Verb, keep the past participle in the answet Д|wеrе the Neoпdellhal| obsorbed jnto the mаdеrп humап fomily? think 5аmе might hоче Ьееп. 'cientisrs f you feel Very certaln something Wasn't true or didn't happen, U5e соUldлоrhdче Ы Тhеrc couldn't hove Ьееп 1а,Oа0 people jп the Eoup lhal left Africa- WorkWith а partner. Read the situations and make guesses about past possibilities еасh situation. Use modals ofpast possibility. fоr с lT lc А L т н ], Samantha Walked hаliдау to the bL]5 stop th]5 rпоrпiп9, then SUddenly tUrned around and Walked back to her house, Why d]d she tLr rn around? 2. Yesterday, А i had to go to the Ьапk after playing basketball, Why dld he qo there? З, Last Week, GаЬriе а Was offeled her drearn job, but she dec ded to turn it down, Why didn't she accept thejob? 4. The !ights Went olt ]п DiапЪ home laSt night. Why d d they go of? 5, n the 2oth century, m]llionS оl people imгnigrated to the L]n ted States, Why did they do th]5? 6, Petel got а text and then eХcused hirпsеlffrогп the meetinq. Why did he do this? 7, chi failed hеr math test ечеп thou9h she had St!died, Why dld she lai 7 В, The bookstore in oL]r town had to close down lecently, Why did lt с о5е? R l N к l N G: MAK|NG lNFERENcEs с R lTlcAL ТН l N KlNG: м Ак lNG lNFERENcE5 Work iп а smаll9rочр. Read the scenalios, Then answerthe questions Ьу making inferences using modals of past po55ibilitt ]. Archaeologl5t5 Workin9 at а slte ]п oklahoma, USA, that ]5 aboUt ]0,750 year5 old found ечldЪпсе оfеаrф huгnan5living there, Arrows Wlth stone heads Were fol]nd, (426 km) but the nealest 5оUrсе ofthis рагt]сu ar stone WaS п Теха5, at least 265 miLes found at away,The bones of Ь]sоп,lа19е grazln9 an malS of Nolth Amelica, Were also found in oklahoma, Was none Slte, and found at the ЬЁеп th" iit", No rn"tul hu, "Vеr What do these facts te u5 about the еаr]у human society there? 2, lt l5 known that Neanderthal5 ]ved in EUlope and Asia Whеп modern hUman5 first arrived roLrghly ЗО,ОО0 years ago, Although lesearchers have found а Srnal amoont ol Neandefthal DNA in studies ofmodern humans, there lsn'tVery much,What happened to the Neandertha15, and Why? cRlTlcAL тН lN KlNG: MAKlNG lN EERENcEs with your group,lookat the photo, use past modals to make inferences about who drewihem, howtheywere drawn, how humanslived atthattime, Whythey made these dlawings, and so оп. Д| Тhе picturei of апimоls mоу hоче Ьееп drоwп Ьу the frrst modern human\ В| Na, they coutdn't have Ьееп. Moden hчmопs hodn't arrjved in Ечrаре yet, с| Neanderthols at thot time mighr hove Ьееп mаrc skjlled ot drowin?lhoп mоdеrп humans, З2,000-уеароld drawingaf.oI1r in5ide the chauv€t cave in F]ап(е ý Ml ý,.", .:,з , ,l 9о UNlT, )_ } г LE55ON ТА5К Discussing Family Origins А Where did your family members come from originally? lfthey left that place, Whеrе did they 9о? о RGА N lzlN G lDEA 5 complete the chart With information about уоur family, lfyou аrе not 5ure about ýomething, Write а question mark. Mother's Parents Father's Parent5 Place(s) oforigin: Place(ý) oforigini othel placeslived: other р aces lved: Father Mother Р aceoforigin: Placeoforigin: other places ived: other placesliVed: ме Placeofoliqin: other placeS iv-"d: l Bv в ву одv LANGUAGE \1owi19 sJ,p,ýe lnformal: Fоrmаl: (_ You're kidding (mе). Thot\ iпcred]ble. Are you serious? No woy. Thot's rеаllу (quirc) surplising тhоtз hаrd to believe, lwas surprj'ed to ]еаrп thot l печеr wauld hove guessed. Work in а smallgroup. Usethe infolmation from exercise А to talkaboutyour family. sayWhere yourfamily members are from and Where they have lived.lfyou аrе not sure, make а gue55. U5e expression5 ofsurpriseWhere appropriate. Д: lwos Ьоп iп chicaga, апd mу parentswere Ьоrп ]п На]lопd.Тhеу соmе to the U.S. iп l967 or 5о-l'm паt Sure obout mу mathefs parcnts, ]th]nkthey mау hоче migrated frоm Ро]апd, В| You're kiddiпg.ТhаtЗ where mу grandmathel is from, ] t'. Video j{i{i:1":,i:1 1А. #в !- i}a1";ý ,-Ь *f, л ,т* lrF l вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG cRlTlc А L Тн lN KlN Gi lNTERPRETlNG А lv Ар J Look at the mар and answer the questions. 5erengeti National Park Mi9ration: ], Which two coontrles does the Wlldebeest l. Jan-Eeb-Mar April rni9ratlon tlaVel throUgh? 2, Мау З. JUneJuly L]se the keyto foloW the migration ofthe Wildebeest th rouq hout the year, Where are the widebeest today? в Match each word in bold from the video with its definition. ], 2. - а, ate 9rass orother 9rowin9 plants the Фlчеs сап rUп are eft behind З, -carcasses g]azed these р аiп5 с, young Wildebeest 4. -Wildebeest the mi9rating he]ds arrive 56, 92 Unll Ь, Large groups ofanimals of опе kind sniffthe а r What triggers the d. the bodies ofa dead ani.na 5 е. causes an eventto hарреп migrat]on t, toýme 4, Aug-Sep 5, oct 6, Nov,Dec WHlLE vlEWlNG ElE Watch the video, Does the speakel make these point5? check (,/) the UNDERSTANDlNG MAlN lDEA5 correct an5we(5). ], The Wlldebeest make а гпа55iVе round-trlp journey еасh year, Yes No П п п п п п 2, The migration begins When the herd eadel ýniffs the air, З, Not all the апirпа 5 that begin the migration Will make lt back, П П 4. Harsh weather conditions аrе the main threat to the wildebeest. П 5. Thejourneybackbeg]n5rghtaftertheanlma]Shavegivenbialh. П Е@ Watch the video again, complete the notes. Write no mоrе than three or а numberfol each. words N от Е тА к l N G wiaabee'lMlglalior, , 2п arlma5lflc aбaaL , wilaebee."t гa р121п5 mare lha| '9 yr5, а4а ^rаzеd , l,tЬеq al yl.,2 wldЬ1t oiive ) . саlvе1 can ruп lhei molher9 w/i. 2 аау5 . Nabaay knaw1 wbat _20oKof , oLhers а е frоп wldЬ1L а|е ot 1l7N7lion, аi^еаaе, exhÔ1t ап ?rеаa I cal tne'to se?arate c^lf tram Кеnуе'5 Маа5а М2в h Nav., йаЬф hеаd âllh 5 сfеаIi huê аrcа af \,!аwrcd ааа п ta the АFтЕR vlEWlNG ! Workwith а раrtпеr Discuss the qче5tiоп5. ] , ln the video, уоч heard that 'no опе knows What triggers the migration,' What are some possib]e explanation5 fol Why the Wildebeest staгttheir migration? 2, Recently,the government ofTanzania Wanted to build а highway across the serengeti Natlonal Park, The road Would have cLJt across the mi9ration routes ofthe Wildebeest, What arguments cou d Ье made against buildin9 this highway? What arguments could Ье made in favor ofbuilding it? З. HoW do you think human and animal migrations are similar? HoW аrе they diffelent? 4. Everyyear а gleatanirnalmigration in Тапzапiа attracts пеаrlу 200,000 touri5t5 to the area. WoUld you al5o callthis movement ofhUmans а miglation? Exp]ain. св lTlc А L THlNKlNG: Vocabul аrу MEANlNG F RОМ coNTExT ЕЕ Look at the map and the map key ofthe Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Тhеп read and listen to the descliption. Notice each word or phrase in Ьlче and think about it5 mеапiп9. тнЕ GRЕАТЕR YELLoWsтoNE EcosYsTEM Yelow5tone National Park 5 а neary З5,000 SqUale-mile W |derness recleatlon area in Western United State5. Yellowston( ld leatures canyonS, rivers, forests, hot spr ngs, and geySers, lt ls hоmе to hUndreds ofanimalspecies, including bear5, Wolves, blson,ekandantelope. Wi]dllfeW]thinYelowstone Natlonal Parkitsef lS protected Ьу legi5|ation, butthe ecolo9y ofthe park the plants and апiгпаls ) F з vildlite habitat is diminishin9, Devel oprnent often interferes with animal m 9ration, and ancient miqration louteS are being diýplaced, HoWeVer, 5orne р rlvate land belnq protected, Billionairer Тъd ТUrпеr dedicated to helping Widllf(э;h]5 t]ying D Ranch protects some ] ] З,0 wildlife habitat, Lапdоwпеrýhiр ) National Раlk seruice - U,5, Folest service l. Fish and w]ldlife sепiсё Burcau of Land Мапа9еmепt Tribal state and Local Govemment 9 othel Madiýon vaIley Elk Herd l SчmmеrRапgе Е WintelRange YELLOIVSTONE дом4щ -] Е ы|||опrl.(i) apeбonwthmorelhanoneblion(],000,000,000)dollaб 94 Ulllт 5 l \,I)N з Line5 represen! 5ф5опаl mlqбliоп5 betR€en ,Ummеl апd winter rап9е, for ]l elkantheMadbonvalley herd, data оп then GPs.ollaвcoll€cted lGations every з0 minutes, В Match each Word or рhrаsе with its definition. ], 2, _ З, 4, _ 5, 6. _ 7. 8-- confront (v) а, а habitat, its living thin95, and thelr relation5hip5 dedicated to (adj) Ь. to dealW]th orface (а problem or challenge) diminish (v) с, more than сап Ье managed ol dea tWith displace (v) d, to block or get in the Way ofan activity or goa ecology (п) е, to foloW, checl( or observe interfere (v) f. to get sma ler iп size, number, lmрогtапсе, etc, legislation (п) 9, Ье ongin9 or lelated to а 9roup ofnative people monitor (v) h, toforce to move from а home or habitat 9. (adj) ]0. _tribal(adj) -overwhelming J i, а aw ol laws j. Very involved in and supportive of Work with а partner Look at the map in exercise А and answer the questions. ], HoW Was informat]on about the movements ofelk obtained? cRlTlcAL THlNK NG NTEBPRETlNG А МАР 2, Do the е k Spend the Wintel inside ol outside Ye lowstone Nat]onal Park? З, Do апу elk migration routes go through the tlуiпg D Rапсh? 4, Who owns the land between В]9 Sky апd the Big Sky Resolt? 5, ls there апу prlvate protected land iп Mad]son Valley? D Work iп а small group, Read these statements Ьу people living iп the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.Which landownership group(s) оп the map in exercise А miqht each реr5оп belonq to? с R lTlcAL тН lN KlN G: EvALUATlNG ], t i5 ofthe greatest importance to protect the ecology ofthe area and live in harmony with nature here as our ancestors did, 2, We need stricter ]e9islation to keep people from nterferin9 With living th ngs in the rivers, stleams, and forests, 3, f l don't d 5р]асе anima15 from time to time, l Won't Ье able to develop mу land, This i5n't state land, afteral1.|t's my property, 4. We're dedicated to con[rontin9 the problem of diminishing pledator populationS апd believe introducing more bears and Woves into the area is а 9reat solution, 5, А held of miglating elk can Ье overwhe miпg for а town,lt'S myjob to see that they get the rе5очrсе5 they need to dealWith it. . *-'; :-.__*i' ffi Held ofelk in summer in Yellowstone, UsA LiStening А Conversation about the Sеrепgеti BEFoRE LlSTENlNG PRloR KNoWLEoGE ! Work in а smallgroup. Discuss the questions. ], What have you learned aboutthe SerengetiNationalPark in Tanzania апd Кепуа? Discuss What makes the serengeti intelesting апd а populartourist destination, 2, Thinkabout Yellowstone NationalParkand the conservation cha ]enges itfaces, Со0 d the 5erengeti Nationa Park in Tanzania face simi ar challenges? EХp]ain. WHlLE LlSTEN lNG Ll5TENlNG FоR мА lN lD EAS ПЕ Listen to the conversation. choose the соrrесt answers. ]. The size ofthe Serengeti Mara ecoSystem has (in.reased / diminished), 2, The hUman popUlatlons in Кепуа and Tanzania have Ьееп (lncreasing / decreasing), З, offers ofmoneyfrorn toulism companies (have / haven't) persuaded the Robandans to move from the]l village, 4, Anima popu ations in the serengetiMala ecosystem are (at r skl maintainin9 their numbers), LlsIENlNG FОR a DETA lLs ЕШ Listen аgаiп. chooseTfor IrUе, F for Fdlsq or NG for information Not Gfuел. 'l, n ]950, the aUthorities leJt the animaL5 Were NG 2, Fчеrуопе Wlro eatq bJ5h medl iг Tan/an,a s NG а higher priortythan the koma реорlе. punished for it. 3. Ап ecotourism group has invested а otofmoneyto Т NG 4. Thetourism companies are planning to force the Т NG 5. Brandon suqqests thatthe tоurisгп companies are Т NG 6. Ashley is going to go оп а trip 5ооп, Т NG protect the ecology ofthe Serengeti, Robandan5 to move, only concerned with money, LlsTENlNG sKlLL Listenin9 for clarification lп conversation, speakels often clariry What they have said So that their intended meaning ls cleat Some е/рIF\. oTl t,la- S 91alcldIifi(oLion dI": Гоr the mast polt уеr, althaOgh , . . Well, yes/yeah, . . . , but . . . YеsПеаh, portly. But . . . We|l, you're light lhot , , , , Ьчt . - That\tfue,but... ofcourse, Ьut... lfyou l sten for What comes after these expressions, уоч W]ll better Understand the 5реаkеrЪ meaning, ПЕ Read these sentences expressing what Ashleythought before Вrапdоп added Ll5TENlNG FоR а cla rification. Тhеп listen to excerpts from their d iscussion а nd Write the clarification с L А R l F l с Ат l о N that Brandon provided. ], Brandon spent hi5 Vacat]on in Тапzапiа, 2. The Wildebeest mi9ration takes р асе in the serengeti Nationa Palk З, ]6,700 square kiometers iS а huge amount of and to set aside for Wlld lfe 4, HUnting, sel lп9, and eating bush meat mUst Ье Under control because it's il egal, 5, The ecotourism company Brandon rnentionS ]S опlу interested in rnak]ng rnoney. АFтЕR LlsTENlNG ] Discuss the questions With а partner. с R lT lcAL ТН lN KlN G: ], п your оWп Wolds, how Would you ехр ain the conflict between the needs ofthe sYNTHE5lZlNG anima15 and the need5 of people ofthe 5erengeti Mara ecosystem? 2. lfyou Were villagers from Robanda, Would you accept the offer of money to move off the land? What Wou d you gain, and What wou d you lose from your decision? 3, What il instead ofpersllading the lkoma to leave, the tou rism companies invited them to Ье раrtпеrs in the business? HoWwould thetwo groups coopelate to9ivevis]tors а great eХperienceofthe Serengeti?What difficulties might interfere With this collaboration? Liоп5 in serengeti National Paak,Tanzania Speaking РRОШUNСlАТlОN Linking With Уо0 or your EEl We often link а Wold that ends in the sou|ld hl, /d|, ar Those sounds are softened and change aS fo lows: . /t/ sounds like/tJl l see whot yau mеоп- . /d/ Sounds like /dy |'m qlod уоч hodJaur . /У sounds ike/y' Howwovou(trip? / wilh уоч al your, саmеrо. А Markthe linked Word5 in each sentenceand check (/)the pronunciation, /d! Е п п п п /ty ], Would you like mе to take yoLrr coat? 2. l'гп not sule What you sald. З, Are you 5urе he's yoL]r toul gLrlde? 4, Why d]dn't you cal me sooner? 5, folgot to feed your bird, п tr п tr п 6, Why d]d you leave the dooropen? /з/ L] п п п п п в ЕЕЕ Listen and check your answers to exercise А, Тhеп listen again and repeat the 5entences. workwith а partnet Taketurns asking апd answering these questions, Ве surethat you correctly linkyou and your , Would you like to go to Tanzania? Whу Would you or Wouldn't you llke to 9о? 2, s there anothel migration, human or animal, that you would like to earn more aboL]t? ] Why did you choose that paгticl]lar migratlon? З, lIyou hdо tTe powel,wou'dvoJ 9ive |,ibalpeople,spec,dL L plivieges lп nationa pa,tsl Wl,at p,ivile9e5 wou|o уо.l give lhem2 4. would you believe me if l told you l'm totally dedicated to 1earn]n9 En9liýh? Why 1 would you оr Wouldn't you be]ieve me? 5. When did you last forget уоur рhопе somewhefe? What did уо0 do? you have 6, Think about youl life last year, Did you have апу notabIe eХperiences? Dld апу overwhelming ones? 7, Wher" wou d you qo to put your Епg lsh to the test? Why Would you choose that place? 9а l,Nll , ] D ПИ Work with а partner. Listen to а Wildlife expert explain some of the Ways animalsfind theirWaywhen they migrate.Then discuss with your раrtпеr whether each statement below i5 а theory or а fact. Wrile Theoly о( Foct. ]. Dl5TlNGUlsHlNG FАСТ FВО М ТН ЕО RY miqrate mostly fol reason5 related to basic пееd5, 2, _ some bkds Use the 50п to find theil Waya5 they migrate, З, Some bird5 ose star patteln5 to choose the dilection to Пачеl, 4- с в lT lcAL тн lN KlN G: -Апlmаl5 5, _ 6, _ - 5еа turtles U5e епеrgу patterns to ind their Way, Мапу animals use features ofthe landscape to find thelr Way. Miqration directions гпау Ье found iп the DNA ofSome animals, Work with а partner. Di5cu55 the questions. с R lTlcAL тн lN KlN G: ]. Think of some migratin9 animals you know about. Describe their migration and the method(s)you thinkthey Use to find their Way, 2, What аrе some ofthe рrоЫеms migrating animals encounter аlоп9 the Way? Talk about anima s that mi9late Ьу land, Water, and air, З, HoWcan hUmans helpto 5olvethe problems anima15 encounter While гnigrating and allow thегп to miglate freely and unharmed? FlNAL TAsK А Pair Presentation оп Animal Migration YoU are going to lesealch information оп а migrating animal,Then you wi lgive а pair presentat]on to the cla55 With the information you researched, * Work With а partnet choose а migrating animal that i5 поt in thi5 unit to research, Тhеп follow the steps оп the next page, 't ,i. ý;i ]. Research basic facts about the animalyou chose, ]пс udlng inforгnation 5uch а5i . ]t5 habitat апd range , threats it faces . physlca deScr ption . how long it llves 2. Reseafch lnformation about its migration, such а5: . the migratlon path , the t]ming ofthe migration . events re ated to the migration , theories and/orfacts that ехр ain the migratlon and howtheanimals are able to find theil way 3. Fiпd а picture ofthe anima foryour presentation, 4. create а time l]ne ofthe m]9ration to u5e as а v]sualaid fol your presentation, РRЕsЕNТАТlОN sKlLL HandlingAudienceQoestions Questlons from the aodience сап Ье unpredlctable. НеrеЪ how to handle them: . staa( Ьу saying "Good question|'to Ье polite and ShoW interest, . Repeat the qUestion in your оWп Words,This gives yoL] а l]ttle extra time, helps you understand the qUestion, and help5 the aud]ence undeБtand lt, . Answerthe qLrestion as clearly as possible, (lfyou don't kпоW the апswеr, say something lke " 'm afrald don't have that information r ght now. ' l have to get backto you later оп that,"Then research the question and follow чр Wlth the person who asked it,) . Flпlsh bycheaking fyouranswerWas Understood Ьу asking,'Does that make senSe?" or "ls that сlеаr?" oRGANlzlNG lDEA5 PREsENTlNG With your partner, organize your presentation (usin9 an outline, numbered notes, index cards, ёtс.), Decide which parts each of you Will present. Then practice givin9 your presentation, including handlin9 audience question5. Present the information to the class. AnsWer апу questionsflom yoUr audience, Use the suggestions in the skill Ьох for handling audience questions. REFLEсTloN ]. Which informat]on that you earned in th]5 Unit is likey to Ье the most usefulto you? Why and how? 3, Here are the vocabUlary Words and phraSes from the Unit, check (/) the ones you сап USe, Earchaeologi5t П9епеtiс П сопfrопt 2. Wh ch aSpect of humап or anlmal miqrat]on n this unlt d d you find the moSt intelestlnq? Ехр ain, !оо UNll5 Пdedicated to пdesaendant Е notable Е hypothesis ЕФ Eoverwhe ming ПiгпmепSе Преrsресtiче@ П dim niSh Е@ П d]5p асе щ Пintedele ПSubsequentlyш Е egislation щ Etr]bal ПVепtUrе П mlgrate !Е Песо oqy Е monitor !ш TRADlTloN AND PROGRESS АwапарUm gilland her horýe in (€ntral washin9ton, UsA АсА DE м lc sKlLLs LlsTENlNG Lbtenin9 for а corre(tion tjsing ап ldea lMap sРЕдкlNG U5in9 Rhetorical Questions 5tre55 in Adjective-Noun combinations cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG Thinking 0utside the Вох THlNK AND DlscU5s ] What culturalvalUesare evident in this photo? Does your cUlture 5hare апу ofthese value5? 2 Whatdoes the word ploqresJ mеап to you7 З Whattraditions аrе impoПantto you? \ г Look at the photos and read the infolmation. Then answe] the ъ^]]-, questioný. 1. What trad tional peoples and Ways of ife are represented Ьу each photo7 2. Do you thinkthe Kyrgyz, the 5Ufi, and theAm]5h people engage ]п tradltiona l act vlties Ьу cholce or Ьу neaes5ity? Explain. З. What m]ght these реор]е prefer about theil tladitionalWayS of l fe? '-Т: Г-G г.Е Г"-rД5 :i-S:,'- шь_-' L'д 3 К- l , Y, Ё-" '"а S 7 I l !l aае iol U lT6 ,I *a ---1 - Ч л1 z PAST IИЕЕТS PRESENT ъ ll. ,l- с |, Amish travelin9 in а ho15.-drawn Ьч99у in Lan(astercountrPennsy|vania,U5A Kyrqyzh€rders (h€(king their (ell рhопе5 iп Afqhanistan l ls modernization universal? Are traditional lifeStyle5 Ьесоmiп9 obsolete? сап modern and traditional Ways of !ife coexist? Fоr some cultures, the answers to these queStion5 are critical to their existence. Ultimately, there i5 по way of stoppin9 progre55 and its impact оп cultures and traditions пеаrlу everyWhere. г- Vocabulary д ПЕЕ Read апd listen to the article Notice each Word or phrase in blue and think NG f пом about jt5 mеапiп9, PяEsERvlNG ANclENTTRADlTloNs: тнЕ HADzA Huntin( ) апо qatherlng f ]od is а survivalstru tegytha1 Sc]ent]Sts Ь эliеVе hL]mans Ь€ gan to ] еmDlоv 5о me ],8 15 л"ь.;; а9о, ill ld ] 0,000 y'ears а9о, а major ,, tlan5ition occurred oeoole learned ho\fo nc jomesticate аrlirr '' блЕ Jowever, there isi ]roup of peopk in isolated reg ]orthern Tanza ,elects the aqli( I t I t { rl Way ot llt insist оп animals а lood,Thi Hadza р( нlfi i5essions, the, olm : everything hupt ] Ьv local rt ]to thev hunt,Tl ]eV olary rluts maoe от they can qUlckly ап( itino contradi(tion falm la1 На r'or о сопtll th_" Hal to p,odlcёfoodoras pets domesti<ate (v) to bring w ld ап mа 5 Uпdеl controIand Use them iп 5еа(h ofwate,and food поmаd (n): а ребоп Wh; hб по permanent home, but moves connant у '|о4 tlNlT 6 tl l]s principle,I wth о рчIsче t ]по sl to int lncle1 В ПЛаtсh еасh Word or phrase With its definition. 1. _employ(v) keepin9 something а5 ]t iý and protectlng it 2- transition (n) а sitUation containln9 two oppo5itetruths З, isolated (adj) used to;fan,]iliar With; in the habit of insist оп (V ph) а change from опе state to another preservation (n) to u5e 4, _ 5, 6. _accustomed to (adj ph) а gL]iding rUleor idea 7, remote and difficult to reach - (v) В, -assemble principle (п) 9, _ -contladiction ]0, _ (п) pursue (v) to follow or carry out (an actlvity, рlап, policy, etc.) to bUild or put together to continue to say or do somethin9 despite critici5m Workwith а partner Discuss the questions. ] , What аrе 5orne methods emp oyed to conserve Water? 2. What is а principle that you insist оп fol owing? З. What i5 something that you had trouble assemb lnq? Ехр ain. 4. Whеп is it acceptab е to contladlct sоrпеопе? 5, What careerare you pUrsulng? vo(A В U LA RY s Kl LL collocations: Verb/Adjective + Preposition Some verbs and adjectives are followed Ьу prepositlons, When you earn а new adjective orverb, Lle sure to note Wh]ch preposition it UsL]a у оссUБ With, verb + Pleposition insisran, porticipote in, opprave of, abject ta, jntelfere with/in Adiective + Preposition ассustаmеd to responsible for, terrjhed of, сопtепt with, involved with/in There are по easy rL]les that 5рес ryWhich prepositlon to Use With verbs and adjectives, ]fyoute not 5ure, check а dictlonary. choose the correct рrёроsitiоп for each collocation. Use а dictionaryora5kyour teacher ifyou аrе not sule, ], The Hadza are not shy (а bout / for) giving inteNiews,and а great dea ofinformation that peftalns (оп / to) Hadza c1-1stom5 and Ways ofthinking has Ьееп discovered that Way, Fоrехаmрlе, contrary (flom /to) popu ar opinion, the Hadza are not opposed (to /against) dеVеlоргпепt but lather (forlto) and Usethat is not5Ustainable. з, tеWеr and fewer cultures аrе i50 ated (flom /Wlth) the Wolld, 4- Recent studies have shown that Hadza DNA ls distinct (from / to) that ofthelr neighborS. 5, some реорlе in Tanzania interfele (With / to) the ancient trad]tions ofthe Hadza, 2. ТRАО Т ON AND РЯОGRЕSS lO5 LiStening А Student presentation about Bhutan вЕFоRЕ LlSTEN lNG PREvlEWlNG ! Lookatthe images and read the information. Тhеп answelthe questions, ]. Where i5 Bhutan ocated? What doyou knowabout it? 2. Describe the image оп Bhutan'5 flag, What do you think it means? З, Bhutan is tryin9 to measule its бrо55 NdtlолdlНdррле55- What do you think thi5 рhrа5е mеап5? Bhutan F.st Fаds r-ry* Д Population: 79З,897 Fы_ ' capital:Thimphu х. э. лil Area: 14,824 square miles (З8,394 5quare kilometers) WHlLE LlSTENlNG LlSTEN ING FОП MAlN lDEA s пЕЕЕ Listen and check (/) the three main topics presented bythe speaker ]. П the c]rcumStances SL]rroundlng the deciSlontoopen Bhutan uptotheword 2, ll how BhUtan opened itsef Up in leact]on to exte rna l politica l events 3, П а new approach to developrnent devlsed Ьу the klng of Bhutan 4, П pol ales to faci ltate rnore rapid апd effic ent economic deve opment 5, П the r5eofa movie lndustry in Bhutan 6, П social and culturaI chan9es since the Gloss NationaI Happiness poll,y Was implernented Ll5TENlNG Еоп DETAlL5 ПЕ Listen again, choose Т for IlUе, Г for Fdlsе, or NG for information NоfGiчел, ], The poIicy of remaininq cutofffrom theWold Wasto т t NG 2, The king of Bhutan can take back hls аЬ5о Ute power lf т F NG Ь ame for prob erns iп pLrblc educat]on, he decldes ]t is песе55аry, toб Ut{lT б l ,1]N л з. Bhutan is tryin9 to make its agricultllral methods more NG efficient to maXimize ехрогts, The government ofBhUtan ha5 placed ceftain resПlctlons оп What the media i5 а ]owed to broadcast, NG Movies examlnlnq how Bhutanese culture is evolving are Very popu аriп Bhutan, NG ]t ОТЕ-ТА Kl NG sKlLL Using an ldea Мар Ап idea map can provde а clearvisua overv eW ofa topic апd connection5 between idea5, lt ]s а uselu note-takin9 format for а top с that has а clear stft]cture Р асе the rпаiп toplc at the top ofthe ldea map, Direct у connected to the rna п topic are sUb topics;detailý are then connected to the sUb topics, @!lý Listen to ап excerpt from the presentation. complete the idea map With NoTE TAKlNG information from the presentation. Write опlу опе word for each answer. Pillarr] Pilla.*4 Рillаr#з (r) (8) development Q) (] ]) I I the (з) putý пе€ds of country ]st (6) plote.b bL]s пеssеs from ]nt'| 14) (7) I 68% of апd covered in (9) (l2). 8hUtanj (] 0) management аьо important 0з) AFTER LlSTEN lNG Е Work in а smallgroup, Foleach pjllarofGross NatjonalHappiness in the idea map, brainstorm additional ideas that Bhutan could try. Write your ideas iп уоur notebook. Тhеп shareyour best ideas With the class. > Гаrgоаd qачепmепt, l lhjnk they caD]d rrykеерlпq the toxes]aw. cRlTlc А L тн lN к lNG: sYNTHESlzlNG Speaking sPEAKlNG sKlLL Using Rhetolical Questions iмtorla" q*rtion, ur" quest]ons that а speakel asks fol dramat с effect or to make а point, not to get ап answet Here are three types of rhetorical qUestionS: ], Questions that encourage your aUdlence to think about something: There wеrе по cals ar truсk;, па phanes, опd па pastol service, Соп уоч iпоgiпе whot life mu't hоче ьееп like? 2 Question5 that ]nvlte your aLrd ence to a9ree With you, such as tag qL]estions] Gю55 dаmеitiс praduct ]S апе woy ta evoluate а сочпtrу\ success, rеаllу related to thе hoppine|s af the peaple, is it? But ir\ поt you then answer: Questions you thlnk your aud епсе WoU d l ke to ask that af the so, what is mеопt Ьу good gочепmелt? Wel], the kjnq puts the needs cauntryfrrst, Wolk With а partner. Read the excerpts f rom the presentation, addin9 а , rhetori(al question to each, Then listen and WIite the questions tne speaкer Useo, ПЕ '] BhLrtan is known а5 Drut yU' Which in Еп9 ]sh i5 "landofthethUnderdraqon, l iгпаgiпе а bril ]antly colored drаgоп]uгпрiпg from mountain to molrntain and making ап incredible noi5e! Well, раrt oflt ]s taking into considerat]on the contributlons that farnilies make to the soc]ety and to the есопоmу, З, And th]nk Gloss Natlonal Happ]ness ]5 the right approach, lt help5 to гпаkе sure that We don't loseoUl beautiful environment and the best paftS ofoUranc]entcUlture, В Are the rhetorical questions above type 1, 2, or з? Wlite the correct пumЬеr, Question 3: Que5tlon 2:Quest on ]:U 5lNG R н EToRlcAL QUESTloN5 Foreach itёm, Write а rhetorical question ofthe type indicated,Then read уочr quesiions to а partnet ]. The king ofBhutan had absolUte power over his people,That means hi5 power Was unlimited, and the people had to do an}thing he said W]thout qL]estion, оуре ]) 2, Just а shorttlme ago, BhUtan d]dn't even have electr]c]ty, Today, уоUпg Bhutanese are addlcted to v deo games, smaltphones, social media, and Роkёmоп Go, clype 2) з, (Iуре З) happinesslnto considerat]on, Well, it's а Wayofmeasuring economic growth that also takes lo8 UNlT 6 РRОNu (lATlОlt stress in Adjective-Noun combjnations ШЕЕЕ There are two different stress patterns for adjective поuп cornbination5, When the adjective describes the почп, егпрhаsizе the noun,This ls the more comrnon pattern. l have о liqL!5cherllethis week. Не wore а ЬЦс!h!L! When the two Words form а compound поuп that i5 а ixed expresslon With а speclfic гпеапiпg, emphasize the ad]ective. These compo!nd nounS аrе sогпеtlmе5 WT]tten а5 one Word, а5 n rrdl'/Ьох. There were по lioht ЬчlЬ5 iп Bhutan. Peaple srarrcd weolinq ЬЦеJеg!, бЕЕ Listen to each sentence апd check (,/) the correct meaning of the adjective почп combination it contains. ], а, П а teacher ofthe English lanquage Ь. П а teacherWho i5 English 2, а, П juice madefrom oranges З, а, П the house palnted Whlte П orange cololedjuice. maybe mango Ь. П the White HouSe, Washington, D,c, Ь, П а piece ofcomputer eqoipment 5. а. П Ь uebirds (а species of bird) Ь, 4. а. Е а difficult drive Ьу cal 6, а, П lighЪ positioned Up high 7, а, П ajacket that i5 yellow Ь. п birds with blue-co ored feathels П important moments Ь, П а yellow jacket (а species of insect) Ь, 8, а, П а right Whale (а species ofwhale) Ь, п the correct wha]e Work With а partnet Use thе adje(tive почп combinations beloWto make sentences. say them to your partner Youl partnel Will tellyou the meaning she hears, Engllsh teachel orangejuice bluebirds/blUebirdS yeloWjacket Wh te house/Whlte House hard dlive hl9hli9hts/high ight5 right Wha е А trad itional dancer at the Parof€stival. Paro, Bhutan lTloN AND PRocREýs 1о9 t --_-:! GRАММАR FОR sРЕДКlNG velb + object + lnfinative certain Verbs сап Ье fo owed Ьу ап object + jдПоШ!с, Mobile рhапеs ollow people !LзрD!щ!iц{mоrе eosily thon ever befare. We invited English teochers to teoch iп очr schaol', То form the negative of the ]nin tlve, inSert not belole t: The kinq ordered the Bhutoлese people not to hаvе connections wjth athqcaOntries. These are Sогпе оlthе Verbs that сап Ье fo owed Ьу an object + lnfinit ve, farce jnvite permit remjnd fe]l odvise o'k ol]aw епсаOrоgе hе]р аrdеr реr|чоdе rcqOire wоrп put the words and phrases in the correct order to create sentences about Вhutап. 'l BhUtan/itsctzen5/totake/forlencoUraqes/reSponS]b ]ty /the environment 2, Sustalnab е / asks / The govelnment / to Wolk / companies / in / Way / а З. The government / соmрап е5/ to cut down / ha5 ordered / not/trees lоr eXport 4, The kin9 / invites/to implement/ other countr]es/ of Вhчtап / GNH strateg]e5 5, BhL]tan / to оЫаiп / allVisiting toL.]riSts / reqUlres / а tour 5t Visa с R lTlc AI THlNKlNG: А PPLYlNG Work in а small 9roup. lmagine уоч gочеrп а country. What lules WoUld you cleate iп these areas? tJsevelbsfrom the skillbox апd the object + infinitive pattern, restaulants Tanspoltatlon employment t1o U lT 6 petownershlp education f LEsSoN TASK conducting ап lnterview cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG: WorkWith а partner. Taketurns completing the interview. Fоllоw these steps. APPLYlNG ]. Each ofyou chooýe а соUпtrу(оrа large city) Where you have ived, 2. Take turn5 interviewing each other to determine the Gloss Nationa Happiness ofthat place, Ask the qUestions and record your partner's answers in the chart, З, Askyour partner to explain his or her answers and ask folloW-Up qUestion5 aboot anything you don't understand, Yes l Gloss National Happiness in No Pillar'l: Good Government ], 5 the state ofthe transportation System satisfactory? 2, s the public education system adeqL]ate? Pillar 2: sustainable Development Е ], Do mostjobs provide епоOgh time ofr 2, Do mostjobs рау Workers enou9h to live comfoгtably? pillar зi Environmental prote(tion ]. Are evels ofpollUtion, noi5e, and traffic acceptable? 2- Are there parks or natural aleas available to the public? pillar 4: cultural preservation ]. Do реор е tryto rna ntain Пadlt]ons а ong wth new practices? 2, Do youn9 реор е Value and lespect the older generations? EvEПYDAY LANGUAGE Acknowledging ап Еrlоr ]mаdео mi9loke- l'm wranq- ]shauld havechecked more corcfully. lay mistake. lWa'n'tthinkiogprapefly. Youleright, share the responsesto уочr Gloss NationalHappiness interuiew With the claýs. Тhеп di5cu55 these questions as а class. ]. Which countries or с tieS have the h]gheSt Ieve of GNH апd Which have the owest, based оп the intewlew resultS? 2 Д.е агу оГ t5e агьwеt,5Jlр,i, nq 'о уо Ii З, What Was the most cha lenqinq aSpect ol condL]ct ng an ]nterview? What WoLr d yoU do diflerent у lfyoU interviewed another person? TRADlTloN AND PHocRE55 111 tr ] o""ia H",.i,on, ПiEiiina -llational Geog]aphi( Explo,ers and linouistr оп the End urin9 voices PIoied, з int;lview two mеп in Тhuпg ri villa 9е, rч t] ArunachalPladesh, ,.\J\ j* 1 a Langt Ь:l\l z1 ЕЬJа"gЪй ý вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG PREDlcTlNG a Bead the information abotJt the EndUring Voices Project, Тhеп discuss the queýtions, are iл danger of extinction/ ], HoW mапу of the WorLd's 7,ООО Janguages do you think eХtinction? z, Йr,ut Оо you tt inK is the mаiп cause of language do/Ume,]t\ language5, тгеv |^d!е (|ёdtро о1 l1e ,dlklп9 I r*r r"ou*,*ouolcEs PBoJEcT rhe I I oLLngvo\e\PloJёLl l ;;;";;, о,"t" "" егоопqе,еd ,dnguage co-mu']itlл, l Ьa."" ",';"., n ," "roinq);i паtlче speale,5 llom 1md|l MEAN lNG FRОМ coNTEXT Guess the meaning of the Read the sentences With Wordsfrom the video, write each word next to its definition, -оris.тhеп promotlons, . А 5ау!у shoppertakes advantage ofsales, couponS, and other а pUblic 9reen space, . Wмп а city wants to revitalize а ne]9hborhood, it often adds job, . AdjLlsting to а пеW career includes ]еаlпiпg the specific ]е!Еао ofthe eХperiments, . scientific researchelý gain inSioht into cures for diseases Ьу do]ng . Amelican lndians are the ]ш|jgе!аш реор1_" ofNorth America, ] vocabulary of а particular field or sector - --(n)the(п) the abilityto see or know the tluth abot]t something 2, -..._-- t12 UNlT 6 underlined з. -..._-- (adj) Ьоrп lп ol native to а place а, _-- (adj) smагt, knowledgeable 5 .. (v) to give пеW Iife or епеI9у to something -- WнlLЕ vlEWlNG П ПШ Watch the video. check (/) the statementthat is the main message ofthevideo. П Talkin9 Dictionaries аrе rapidly modernlzln9 small langUages around the World, П The best Way to preserve а langUage ls Ьу insisting that its уоUп9 people speak it, L ] The EndUring Voices Рюjесt helps pleserue ]angUages UNDERSTANDlNC мА lN lD EAS With Talkin9 Dictionalies, П Siletz Dee-ni, MatUkar Рапач, and Tllvan ale iso ated,5ma l language coгnmunities, П The Endurin9 Voi.es Project and the AAAS are сопсеrпеd about langUage eХtinction, J ПШ Watch the video а9аiп. complete this summary With Words from the video. Write опlу опе Word for each answet UNDERSTANDlNG DETA]L5 t thеп пау lna|aq( :,mа| дп^)аае6.тhе ло2 1паOаOе фhеr т| h.rtzq. паiq. паl)9. аппuп l еa, опа w Lh bcie|a aъ, аrе rc9рапаi|аlю |he cr 5 5 af апаt)ааt Е Look back at youranswers to exercise А. Were your predictions correct? Теllа partnel, cHEcKlNG PREDlcTloN5 АFтЕR vlEWlNG Work With а partner Discuss the questions. с R lTlc AL тн lNKlNG EvALUATlNG ], The risk of language extinctlon i5 hi9her п isolated согпгпL]пitlеs, Does lso ation benefit langUaqes in апу Way? Why orWhy not? 2, can small lan9uage5 With Talking Dictionarles avold extlnct оп? Why or Why not? з, when а cu ture transitions from traditional to modern life, what else is at risk of ext]nction besides its lanqLJaqe? 4. lfyoo Were goln9 to create а Та kin9 Dictionary lor your language, Which Words Wolr d уоч start With? Ехр аiп, TяADlTloN AND PRoGREss l1з VосаЬulаrу пв MEANlNG FRом l coNTExT Read and listen tothe article, Notice each Word in blue, REvlTALlzlNG А SWEET TRADlTloN Whiletrave inq throuqh easternTurkey ln Explorer catheline de Med]ci Jaffee was fascinated Ьу the peoplc, cU ture, and beauty ofthe area, and especialy Ьу the ancient tradlt оп of beekeeplng, The great diver5ity ofthe flowers that 9row there gives honey mапу dlfferentflavoБ, But she al5o not]ced that the loca wоmеп who lelied оп 2ООВ, Nationa l Geoq raphlc honeyfortheir livelihood Were havlng troUble earn пg enough rnoneydespite the obvious merits ofthelr product, The hardship they Wele experiencin9 inSp red Jaffee to undeftake а pюject thatWol]ld Ultimately become Balyolo -i ! \,\ (which means "honey path" inTLrrkish), "the World's veryfirst honey tastin9 heritage trai,' Jaffee recall5,'tolthenextfouryeaБ, l Ьеgап p]annlng how lwould make it backto the region toworkWith local commUnities to brinq somethln9like this to l]fe,'She obtained the consent of loca l ЬееkеереБ to gulde tourists to their ViIlaqes to taýte their hопеу, traveling а оп9 ancient footpath5 once uSed Ьу nomads,To fUa(hel replicate the ifestyle оfпоп]аd5, Ва уо U invlted Visitols to 5lеер ]п traditionallound рогtа ble tents. Th us, Ва yolU уuгtS, Was able to provde а better busine55 modelto help the community flou]ish, Asked about her favorite experience, ]affee rep ied,'Myfavolite experiences are Watching different beekeepeБ over the years grow and changeWlth the]r bees.Visiting the sагпе famiies ovet and over, get to Ьесоmе closer totheir lives and the]r hives'!ike а mernber ofa specia tribe,' hive (ol Ьёеhiче)(п):а natuelor ma.,made nru.turethat bees vein в Write each word in blue from exercise А next to its definition. ] take responsibility for it (v) to stad doinq а taýkand (V)to have success and develop qUickly and stlongly (п) а Wide range ofdifferent things (adv) fiпаllу; after а long and often comp icated ýerles ofevents (V) to create а сору ofan object orexperience (n) а way of making mопеу or obtaining the neceýsities (n) permission from another person to do somethlng (п) а d iffi cu]t !ife situation USuallydUeto ]ackol money (n)advantages, benefits, orother good points (n) tradition, passed from qeneration 114 UNlT 6 to qenelat]on oflife С complete the chart With the correct form ofeach Word, Use а dictionary to help you. 1, aon5ent 2 diversity J, floUri5h merit repiicate 6. undertake D lиatch the Words With their synonyms, Use а dictionary to help you if needed, ], consent 2. _diversity з, _ flourish 4, _ hardship 5. heritage 6, _ l]velihood - 7, 8. _ 9, _ ]0, _ merjt а- to thrive ь, tradition с, to reproduce d, to start е. in the end i variety replicate 9, approval h, challenge ultiгnately i, occupation undertake j. positiVe qUality complete the 5епtепсе5 with уочrоWп jdeas апd discu5s ], Реор]е flourish Whеп With а раrtпеr. PE85oNALlzlNG 2. The рагt of гпу heritage l appreciate гпо5t is З, Опе benefit ofhardship is 4, А respected livelihood in my country is 5, Diversity ]s irnpoгtant becaU5e 6, Опе merit ofstudyin9 alone i5 7- Му parents Would nevergive their consent for mе to 8, Ultimately, my 9oal тR А о IT]oN ANo рноGяЕss 115 Listening А Discussion about Аmеriсап lndian Lands вЕFоRЕ LlsTENlNG PRED ст NG l Yоч Will hear а discussion about American lndian lands, choose the answers уоч think are correct. 1, How mапу American lndian reservations arethere in the united states? а, nearly ]0О Ь. over З00 , ovel500 2, HoW mапу Amelican lndian tlibes are there iп the United State5? а, neally ]00 Ь, ovel З00 , over500 З, What percentage ofthe land area of the United States do reservations а. about 0,5 percent Ь, alollnd 2 percent с, с ose to 5 percent occupy? WHlLE LlSTENING сн EcKlNG PREDlcTloN5 mentioned at Listen to the students' discussion, Take notes оп the numbers й-Бigiппiпg ofthe discussion. wereyour answers in exercise А correct? ЕЕ LlsT ЕN l1{ G sKlLL Listening fol а colrection ]ncoriect, Г",, *ill ,o."ti."5 say sornethin9, rea]ize that What they'Ve 5aid Wa5 mау hear'Sorry'or ап and then correct themselves, Before а correctlon,you Will go on to correct admission ofthe errol such as'Youte right: Then the speaker the miStake W]th explessions such а5i wпоr l п"оп. mропl (а ,a)l 4\ло . 1mеап/mеапt -.. Whot l'm trying to say i5 . . . Let mе rephlose thor. what lwont/wonted lo soy is/was . - , stanley, а Роmо lndian, in lntertlibal Let mе lryоgоiп- val€rie Park, ап lndian-run wilde]ners area in l \ caIifornia, UsA i ll ..da 1!6 U |I fl$ Read these statements from the discussion. Тhеп listen to the excerpts and correct еасh statement so it reflects whatthe speakers meantto say. Ll5TEN lNG FоR D ETAlL S ], oh, you mеап the опе about Native Arnelican tribes? 2, FоI example, Wa5 sUrprised to learn that there are очеr 500 Аmеr сап lпd]ап reservat]ons in the United State5. З. And the lапd 5 impoгtant to them, 4, The first one Was in Mexico, Wasn't it? 5, think it Was the lnterTribal 5inkyone Wildelness State Park, по fiý Listen to ап excerpt from the discussion and complete the idea map. Write mоrе than опе Word or number in each blank. Take your own notes оп the Big cypress N от Е тА к lN G swamp. Bi9 Сурr€55 (5) (]) 5Wаmр(tl,) area (calit) i I I (6) planted (3) (7) I & (4)- diveбe plants:Use forfood & (8)- (9) АFтЕR LlsTENlNG l Work with а partner. Discuss the questions. cR lTlcAL THlNKlNGi ] , What i5 your attitude towald nature? 2. Today fewer than halfofAmerican lndlan5 ive on reservations, Why do you think that i5? тяАDlтlоN AND PRoGпEss 't17 Speaking \ \ Е il ы ъl tll р, Lanterný d€corate ,t ц а doorfor (hine5e Nеw Year sprin9 teJtival. ]та йl Beijing.(hina. А NeW Yeal'5 Eve traditions, Discuss Work in а smalt qroup. Read about some you have heard ofand апу othels уоч know, Which опе5 NЕW YЕдR,s EvE TRдDlTloNs LUCKY FООD luck and happiness in the new yeal, tood traditionS often represent good uea, bv edlln9 t1,19-,hdped'redrs; л,;;,;";;;;, ;";р'" Ё, nq ," tne ne* m,dгioht, and ,г ýwi|,/eI|and, ,t'\ а l" l".,", ,i, ."r,";," Ёdl twelvp 9,doe"l tlajlton todlop lcecleam оп thefloor SYMBOL|C FRОNТ DOORS (,qnlh(anLe iort'le гoW yedL'nLh'nd а I"d "onl,door Doo,, al5o hold, pe.,a| 1an9 ng ol Ihe t'o1t doo,, *.",,i. a*o,"",. ""а good lJcF'n бlее,е,пan о'r,о1 o' vour oool b,rq) peace aT d i"ruev,>pn1l|lI .Й"Ы"..I"" nl^ n 9sd,l "опt abundance, completethe chart with information about NеwYеаrЪ EveTradition in Location Decorations Food and Drink Activity/Ritual |la UNIT б lll,i()N !l __-- а New Year's tradition you know, ( Work With а partner, Discuss how your celebrations are similar and different, cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG Thinkinq outsidethe Вох Thlnking outside the Ьох means to ook beyond the norma]ortradit ona Wayof doing thin9s, lt ls а good Way to come Up With а ternatlve approaches to situat]on5. When thlnkin9 outside the Ьох, don't Ье afra]d to express your idea5 even опе5 that аrе out ofthe oldinary and unconventiona, Ву notjLldging your ideaS а5 theyoccur toyou, you keep yourthoughts flowing, Which can lead to some innovative thlnklnq Wolk in а smallgroup. Suggest пеw traditionsfor NeW Year's Eve celebrations that аrе interesting, fun, or symbolic, Noteyour best ideas. cRlTlcA L тН lN KlN G: тн lN KlN G о UTS lDE тнЕ вох 5uggestions for NeW YеаrЪ celebration Location Decorations Food and Drink Activity/Ritual FlNAL ТА5К Presenting а Tradition YoL] are goinq to Work With а partnerto give а presentat on on а cUrrenttradition other than а NeW Year's tradltion, You may choose а completely new trad]tion, or an older опе that has been modernized, YoLJ can do resealch if necessary, Work with а partner, Brainstorm cu rrent trad itions that you are both interested in. Some examples are holidays, festiva15, ortraditions related to family, school,food, clothing, sports, оrа life event (e.g., Wedding, birthday, orgraduation). Тhеп decide on the tradition thatyou will present. BRAlN5ToRMiNG considerthese points to help you research апd organizeyour presentation| . lf it isa completely new tradition, describe how ]t Ьеgап, t5 purpose, апd how it i5 carlied out, .lf]ti5anodertradltionthathaSbeenmodernized,providebackgrol]ndontheoriglnal tradition, how it has changed, and the reason forthe change, . Look for images orvideo thatyou mi9ht Ье ableto Use in your prese ntation, These гпау helpyou decide Which detai5to inclLrde in your presentaton, т R А DlTloN AND рнобяЕ55 119 oRGANlzING lDEAS С lп уочr notebook, usean idea mapto organizeyour ideas,lnclude from exercise в. Decide Which parts each реr5оп Will the information present- ф Add опе or two rhetorical questions, as appropriate, for dramatic effect or to * points. lf possible, create or obtain а visual related to the em|hasize i.portant tradition to U5e in your presentation. I Take turns rehearsing уочr presentation with your partner After each turn, give each other feedback оп howto improve. РRЕsЕNТДТlОN sKlLL Speaking With confrdence йБ soeakinq rr tront oi d qroup, it ,s importdnt 'о aopeal (onhde.]t,Ih'ýwillgive aIe wha[ tn" ,.o,ess,on"tl,at vo, , no; voL, 'opl( w,ll and that voL bel eve,i1 чоt] conident saying,There are several thin9s that you сап do to feel rnole . organlze your notes well and practice yoLrr preSentation at eaSt опсе, . Aways have good postule апd face the audience, . U5e hand gestureý, еуе contact, and body IangUage, and sml!e Whеп yolr сап, . tiпа у, remembel to paU5e between Sentences and to speak slow]y and с ear у, pRFsENTlNG F Give уоur presentation in front ofthe (lass, focusing оп strategies for speakin9 With confidence. REFLEcTloN ] What пfоrгпаtiоп thatyou Learned ]nthis Un]t i5 ]kely to Ье the most u9efulto yoL.r? Why and how? Hele are the Vocabulary Words and phrases from the unit check {/) the ones you can use, Eaccustomed to П a55emble Е 2 What ]nformation about different cUltures ale you likely to lemembel from thls Unit? П consent @ п contradiction Е Е dlversity Е Eemploy пflourlsh !2о UNlT 6 trhardship ПрrlпсlрlеI Е herltage П insist on ЕрuбUеЕ Е repLlcate пisolated@ ПtrапsltlопЕ П ivelihood Е u t]mately ш П mer]t Е preSerVation П Uпdегtаkе Е оa a о a : моNЕY lN : oUR LlvES a О1 оЪ' aa \ l I А Ыide апd groom ara 5hоwе]еd with mопеу at |р theirwedding in the Egyptian Nil€ Delta provin(e of al-Minufi yah. AcAD Ем lc 5KlLLs THlNK AND DlscUss LlsTENlNG Listening for shifts inTopic ] Lookatthe photo апd read the (aption, 5ummarizing Doesanythin9 about it 5Urpri5e you? SPEAK|NG Refelencing Research studies Linking vowelSounds cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG lnterpreting VisUab 2 Why do уоч think mопеу is а typicalgiftfor а couple on theirWedding day? a EXPLORE ТНЕ ТНЕМЕ Lookatthe photo and the chart.Then discц5sthese queýtions, 1. What ale the peopLe п the photo spending money on? holr5ehold 2. Look at the chart,Which five аrеаS 5pend the h]ghe5t percentage of bUdget оп food? budget З. Whiih catego, с]о areas spend the owest percentage of ho usehold "s on? Why do you think that is? l 4. ]fyol]rarea 5inthegraph,doesitaccuratelyreflectyourspendinq?]flt]Sn't, w'hlch your family's? аrеаЪ spendlng pattern iS rnost 5]milar to уоUБ or ,.i a7 .t 1 п ,r. :1 Ft il/ 7. l/э 1t, 7 _+- - А (аf€ in New orleaný, Louisiana, UsA 12] UNlT 7 ,# \ aa гт MoNEY ноV/ Dc WE SPEND lT? I Вочsёhоld 5pending Patterns Ьу Pel(entage Е 2l 12 lu lr п9,t!е &Ш Е I,1 'о'оЕ l., Е I Fоо l Е Bf Е Е ж лwйl lEduot ц MoNEY lN oUn LlvEý 123 - LiSteninq" An lnterview about мопеу and Happiness вЕFоRЕ Ll5TENlNG сRlтlс AL тН lN KlNG: RANKlNG А Read the phra5e5. HoW happy does each situation make happiest)to б (the least hарру), earning money having money in the Ьапk - spending mопеу оп items уоu Want - giving money to other people LlSTENlNG WHlLE LlSTEN lNG ЕоR MAlN loEAs you? Rankthem from ] (the l ЕЕ Listen to the iпtеrчiеW,тhеп choose rece]vlnq mопеу as а gift spendinq mопеу on tlavel the colrect answers, Elizabeth DUпп show? 1, What does а recent study Ьу psychologiSt th-,so" а, Sррldiг9 money D,iг9s rl' -ore naoptness "9 то]lч.л, ,л |eve' ll^dT e/oel ence\ U0, hаррiгдs5 -ore o,Jl РЬ,ье.siБпь detp'mrne Ь it оп yourself, ; ;;;;;; ;""", "" "thers makes уо0 happiel than spendin9 2'WhatcommonerrordopeoplemakeWhentheytrytobt,]yhappinessWithmoney? ' them happy, b"rn.," a Очу ihe things that Will really гпаkе ., the- hdpov, i 'n"i/ in"'u ,t-,,n' .oio, pu,,hdres \Lth а, hоu,е5w'lImdке llemt, L 'r,"у Joni .,р",lа п"еlч enough wl'en oLying meanl'rq[Ul Tom Gllovich Want to answer? did lesearchers LeafVan Вочеп and 3, ' What qUestion qooЧ,? *op:er pos,els n9 mог,ч о, rn:':"u, Бо p".o'" , ,, _ ,_ л, с ol we|l ое nqf 5Рn5e ", оеор'е iгс,еа5е '""r lhings ог о, ЬоЁ, ,p""o;no rnon"V _, геms1 ( Wгlсl- rпd\е> реооlе naopiel )оего,,]q mопеч оп е\ре,iег(еs oI ог study leveaL? mUch, of money doesn't affect happiness а, Making mole than а ceftain amount ofmoney caLrses unhappiness, Ь, Mukini .о," thun u,ertain amount results in gleater happiness, ;. Makin; mоrе than а сегtаiп amount of rпопеу 4. What did Angu5 Deaton and Daniel КаhпеmапЗ approximately 180curen(ies re(ognized Ьу th€ United Nаtiопз. uo l 1аао) ;v' ,\", ъ; Ёй:--у l ёl ъ ":* '' I ОТЕ-ТА Kl NG sKlLL Sчmmаriziпg 1{ А sUmгпаrу iS а shortened чеб on ofa passage, lt contain5 the main ideas and some important detai s, SLrmmarizing teaches you to diSt]nguish between iгnpoltant and le5s important inforгnat]on, апd Writin9 а ýUгпmаrу can improve your гпеmоry of information you read,listen to, or Watch,When you sUгnmarize: . start With а phrase оr sentence descr]b ng the top с ofthe SUгпmаlу . eave out unnecessary nformat оп and inlormation that 5 repeated . express ideas in а5 few Words as possib е, and combine ideas When possib е ПЕ Ll5TEN lNG EoR Listen to the interview again, complete the summarie5 ofthe three studies described Ьу Dr. Simmon5, Write по mоrе than two Wolds in each blank. Эludу 1| Д ]ау Ьу t DETAlLS ]1 ) of wе]-Ьеiпq lhan 1wпаiпа 1t оп )f lhe |r5l \ra|P 5pent mо|ц о| 9t|dу z L v1l r]tl rl ]5 Tl l, ll l0у ruae реарlе h^?Piel thln 9ре|апq l оп hе rеефп 5|hal ехрепе] 7lionehip 5tuay 5 Есапоfi 5t Д. DеzLап аrd Ihеу aъlyze,a 5UNц9 || й aOt Whdhеr r.ore fioney n f ?еор]е They Ьу паklпl паrе папеу аае9п1 АFтЕR LlSTEN lNG lп а 9rочр, discuss Which option iп each pairwould result iп more happiness according с R lT lc А t т н l N к l N G l SYNTHE5lzlNG tothe research studiesyou heard. Use According to...to start your sentences. Тhеп discUss уочrорiпiоп5. . buying yourself а ],000 coavgiving ý],000 to а chality $ . taking а trip around the Wolld/making ап initial payment on а new house . ап easyjob that pays ýЗ0,000 per уеай stlessful]'ob that pays ý75,000 реr year MoNEY N oUR LlvE5 127 Speaking s Р EAKl NG sKlLL Rёfеrепсiпg Research Studieý Referencing research is а good Wayto supportyour гпеssаgе,Whеп referrin9 to studies, уоU сап leave out the detai s and make а general reference instead,This is usefulWhen there ale too mапу studies to mention, when you can't rегпеmЬеrthе eХact 5tudies but knowthey ex]5t, оr When sUch detailS are Un]mportant. Here are some expressions you can use to refelence Tesearch. Rеsеоlсh hos рrоvеп/dеtеrmiпеd/dеmопstrаtеd (Д пumЬеl оfПоriоus) (thot) , , . studies shайhаче shown/|uggest (that) , . . Stotistics show (thot) . , . Дссоldiпq to (vаliочS) Studje'. -. пЕ workwith а partnetTake turns leading the excerpts from the interview about mопеу and happiness. usё expressions from the speaking skill Ьох. тhеп listen and complete each excerpt With the expression used, ], BUt, you kпоW bllying а home is а big financial commitrnent,, and, in fact, people often go deep into debtto buy опе. Actualy, that owning your hon']e br ng5 no more happiness than rentin9, 2, People 5ау that "the best thingý n lfe are free,'whlch lmp ]е5 that I.попеу doesn't matterto happiness, But We а know that's not really ПUе. that debt has а negat]ve effect оп hарр]пе55, WhiLe savings and fiпапсiаl security tend to inclea5e it that З, What's impoгtant to fеmегпЬеr is thiS: happ ness isn't about how mUch rпопеу you have, lt's What you do With the гпопеу that can promote happ neSs ., ЯEEEBENClNG RЕ5ЕАRсн 5TU DlEs With your partner, role-playa convelsation between а college student and а student advisor using the information in the chart below.The advi5or 9ives advice Usin9 expressions from the Speaking skill Ьох.Тhеп switch roles. Rеsеаrсh for Advi5or'5 Answels studentз Queýtions should lget а part-timejob on campus? work п9 гпоlе than ]5 hours а week lowels grade5, ShoL]ld apply fol а cred t card? credit cards make people spend more, 5hould lqU]t schoo and WorkfUlltime? Реор е With more educat]on make гпоrе mопеу. Should get frnancial advice frогп other ShoU d l Ь]аrпе myse flor not sav nq YоUп9 people don't always understand mопеу. TWo thllds of college students have ittle or по mопеу? savings. student5? l2a UNlT 7 LEý5oN А t С R lTlcAL THlNKlNG lnterpret nq Visua]S nforrnation in ViýUals is often coded according to color, shape, апd/оr size. Uýe the соd]п9 to interpret the ]nformat]on correctly, ll the гпеапiп9 ofthe Vi5Ual coding lsn't clear, look for а 'key" that exp]ains the coding syste.n, С Work With а partner. study the chart. Тhеп answer the questions below с R lTlcAL тн lN KlN G lNтЕRрRЕтlNG vlSUAL5 Тор Way5 spare Са5h l5 Used Ьу Region 6]% о Europe 21оь No з7%1 No зз% з2% l5% l savings HolidaysДacationý l Newcothes l out_of,Home Enterta nment r Paying DеЬБ | ]. What do the different соlоБ and bar engths represent? 2, lп which leglon do people tend to save the most? З, lп Which regions do реор е Use their spare cash to рау debts? 4, What conclU5ion(5) сап yol] draw from this information? MoNEY lN оUfi LlvE5 l29 cRlTlcAt THlNKlNG: D Wolk With а partner, Study the graph, Тhеп answel the questions lNTERPBETlNG vl5UALS below, Тор sачiп9 strategie5 Ьу Re9ion _46"h ]8% 2/% l NorthAmerica 480n 50% о l saveo.9a5and eectr]cily l cutdowi onlake awaymeab l 5репd !e59on пеw clothes cut dow. onoui olhomeentelta пmепI l switch to cheapg qюсеrу brands ]. What do the dlflerent colors and bar Iengths replesent? 2, Which reglon 5ave5 the most in each category? Ехрlа]п, З, DoeS thеЪаtа for youl region reflect youl reality? cRlTlcAL тН lN KlN G: EvAtuAT lN G questions, Work in а smallgroup. Di5ctJ55these implement? for savlng money Would Ье eaS]est for you to ] . Which of the five strateq]es Which WoUld Ье the most difficl]lt? 2, what othel strategies for saving mопеу can 1зо UN|T7 I ] L]Nl yol] thlnkop LE55oN TASK Discussing Purchases and Happiness А Write five ofthe most expensjve item5, serVices, orexpeliences that you have evel purchased. Тhеп rank them in order of most expensive (1)to least expensive (5). Rапk l Purchase Haooiness Rank EvE RY DAY LA NG UДG Е Дsklnq and Дпswеriпq Personal QL]eStlonS Ask]ng СаF/l,,4оу ]o'krou (obaut) ,,, ? Wачld yau mindtelling mе(оЬочt)... Would yau miпd iflasked yau (abo)l). ? lsiral right/aK if l osk (obout) . .. ? AnSWering You cerrainly moy./of сочбе. Дctuolly,ld rоthеr паt tolk оЬоut thot. Na, l dan'l/wauld п't mi пd. sOre-/of caOrse. WorkWith а partner, Take turns sharing the items оп your list and asking and answering questions about them. Find out ifthe items made your раrtпеr happy and Why or why not. Use the expressions iп the Everyday Language Ьох. k Da уа0 mjпd jfloskyou hоw expen'ive yaur watch was? В. No, l dоп't miпd. lt wos obaut sз00. lr's о Swiss wotch. Д: Соп lask jfit mokesyau hoppy? NoW 9о ba(k to exercise А and rank your purchases in order of the happiness they gave you (1 = most happiness,5 = least happiness). с R lTIcAL тН lN KlN G: With your partner. di5cU5s the que5tion5, с R lTlcAL тН lN KlN G: ]. HoW d d your pOrchase i5t5 and your happiness rankings compare? DeScribe the RANKlNG AN А LYzlN G Similarities or differences between you and yol]r рагtпеr. 2, DoeS any ofthe research frогп the three studies diSaussed in the inteNieW оп mопеу and happiness St]ррогt your lst and ranking? Explain, 3, considerin9 your рчrсhа5е list and happine55 ranking, What conclUslons сап you make about What br]n95 you реrsопа fU]fillment? Ехр а]п. MoNEY N oUR LlVE5 1з1 l l l .- lI rl р, r, ТiеШеЙ' W_фtо,Рау вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG PREDlcTlNG ! work in а smallgroup. Discuss these questions, predict answers ifyou are not sure, ], What is чiгtuаl rпопеу, апd how can реор!е get it? 2. can viгtual money buy real life objects and experiences? З, ls чiгtuаl mопеу regulated Ьу а rea1-|ife Ьапk? Match each word from thevideoto its definition. helpyou, ], back Up (v) а, compL]ter program instll]ctions 2, - code (п) Ь, limited ]n numbel рпоrаче (v) с, to cut or carve а design into something frnite (adj) d, to diq up, remove (from the earth) mine (v) е, to sчррогt, help ?4, _ 5, - !r2 ONlr 7 Use а dictionaryto WHlLE vlEWlNG f,lE Watch the video.Which statement is the mаiп idea? UNDER5TANDlNG MAlN loEA5 ], Bitcoln5 are ]ike gold they are difficult to find, апd theil va ue changes da]ly, 2, Bitco]n ]5 а valUable digital cUrrency, but it has рrоЬlеms like al formS of mопеу, З, А major Bltcoin owne. created а Web 5eries about it to promote its Use, 4, The Use and security of Bitcoin5 are limlted becauSe they're not suррогtеd Ьу а Ьапk. D Look back at your answers to exercise А. Were your predictions correct? Е ЕВ Watch the video again and complete the summary. Write по more than three words in еасh blank. UNDER5TANDlNG oETAlLS BlTco|N lNA NUT5HELL Оikаiп i5 ап |nfarnel curfency lhal gel5 ftэ vа w lfaп Ihefe afe lwа \уау5 yau са| qоЬ а. ike vi-l)a а tcoin1 êL amou|l attheп оll lпе ?еорlе a'eoltcointo raake Ьiа апd tD hо\! п|сh уо| car1 5репа а| ine 5па| ?)rchaseq t herc'5 Wth 1tcoin,There'5 а r 5k I u1lпqбilса n Ьес2u5еthеfе'5 по c,entra ba|kinТ 5y1tem , whi е ll5 Ьееп as5фiatea wilh hackina апа i фаl actlyilieэ. пa5l сr'lmе5 2rе соfimiILеа АFтЕR vlEWlNG Work iп а 5mallqroup. Discuss these questions. ]. HoW Would you explain What Bitcoin is to а friend? с R lTlc At тн lN KlNG: RЕFLЕстlNG 2, HoWdo you Usually рау forthin9s such as food, phon-A and internet service, eating out rent, etc,? 3, HaVe you evel Used Bltcoin? lf not, WoUld уо0 ever? Explain, 4, What might Ье some ofthe benefits and drawbacks ofUsing Bitcoin? 5, Do you thlnk it Would Ье fair for the сrеаtоr of Bitcoin, who Was anonymous, to use Bitco]n for personal financial gain? Why ol why not? 6, Bitcoin ls опе form ofca5hle55 payment, Which is Ьесогпiп9 more and mоrе popular What do you think about the fUtUre of caSh in your country? MoNEY N oUR LlVE5 1зз -,- VосаЬu|аrу MEANlNG FRОМ coNTEXT Д ПЕ Пеаd and listen to the personal fiпапсе tips, Notice each Word or Ьlче and think about its meanin9, phlase in lNЕ рЕRsо дL FlNАNсЕ TlPs ], Don't trust youlselfto remember to рау уоur bils оп time, !nstead, set up а bi l рау reminder on your ЬапКs Website. 2, lfyour company offers direct deposit, depoýit а percentage of your рау into а savings account. YoU'l] Ье less tempted to spend mопеу you never see, 3, Banking fees (гпопthlу maintenance fees, АТМ fee, fole]gn transaction fees) can add L]p, considel openinq an accountWith ап online banktosave on fees, 4, Allocate at east 20 percent ofyour payto financial priolities such а5 рауiпg off debt and building your retirement пеst е99, 5, lt's possible to ove]do sav]ng mопеу in the Ьапk, Рау attention to 5ееmiпglу 5mall daiy expenses because they add up, Just glvlng Up саffё lattes could 5ave you hundleds every mопth, college students: Ве sure to apply for fi nancial aid even ifyou think you Won't get any. Last yeaf, ovel а million students missed out оп flee moneyfol School Ьу поt filling ollt the forms, co'|ege 9radJaIP. Ооу o1voJr stLdent lod,l1 qUickry lo avo,d pav,,lq addeo interest, Makin9 more than the minlmum payment WiL help, 9, Don't Withdraw mопеу flom retirement accounts Uгlе.s ao5olJtely ne.essary, lt сап -еа1 paylnq hlgh penalties,lnstead, keep а separate fUnd for emer9encies, lfyou lâve moretnan 5ix months'Savings inyou, account, then think aboUt inve5ting, l write the correct word or phrase in blue from exercise А to complete еасh definition, iS the fee you рау for borrowlnq гпопеу 1, 2, When you з, A(n) - 4 lfyou fyou а sum of mопеу, you put lt into а bank accoUnt is an exchange ofgoods, seruices, ol fL]nd5, mопеу from а Ьапk account, you take it out, somethin9, you dedicate it to а particular person or purpose, 6. A(n) iS somethin9 that makes you notforget another thing ls aSsistance iп the form of mопеу, еqUiргпепt, or servlces В. A(n) 9, fsomethin9ls ]0, lfyou s а sum of money saved for the future, пue,lt арреаБ to Ье true ап activlty, you do it eХcessively WorkWith а partnet Look back at the financialtips in exercise A.Tellyour partner Which tips you follow or have followed and how WelltheyWolk orWorked, с R lTlcA L тн lN KlN G Look at the pie chart. Тhеп create а pie chart aboutyoul own spending.Share your chart With а partnet HoW are you 5imilarto or differentfrom the typicalAmerican? о RGAN ]Z lN G lDEAs Ноw You spendYoul Money How AmeriGaný spend Their Мопеу 1l9! п9 з.з% \ REFLEcTlNG l 6.1ъ :| -. I ;"l*r ,,": i.sй Jl ё Look at your pie сhаrt, HoW could you better manage your mопеу? Write five personal PERsoNALlzlN( fiпапсе tips. Use vocabulary from exercise А.Тhеп shаrе your best tip With the cla55. (. a l ] f t ц 1п ---/ \ MoNEY lN oUR LlVE5 1з5 LiStening А Сопvеrsаtiоп about l\zloney вЕFоRЕ LlSTENlNG PR оR KNoWLEDGE А Read about thlee types of payment cards апd discl,]ss the questions With а paftner, THREE TYPES ОF PAYMENT CARDS Deblt cards: Deb]t calds are dllectly connected to the money ln your Ьапk ассоuпt, When уо U Use you r deblt card, mопеу 5 iгп med iately Withd rawn frorn you r ассо! nt, credit cards:When you use а credit card, you are borrowing money, Тhе credit card соrпрапу гпаkе5 the payment foryou, апd yol] mUst paythe mопеу back, L]SL]aly W th interest, llyou don't make уочr payrnents оп time, you сап Ье charged late fees, sto]ed-va lue cards: Stored -va ue calds hаче electlonic mопеу stoled right on the card, Апуопе сап u5e these cardS, notjU5t the person Who origina ly bought the card. Examp es are prepa d phone cards and gift cards. ) ]. Wh ch of these payment cards do you uSe? When do уоu U5e them? 2 What other гпеthоd! of раугпепt do yoLr regU ar у Use? WHlLE LlSTENlNG В ПШ LlSTEN lNG Fов MAlN IDEA5 Listen to the conversation. choose the two main topics the speakers discu55, ], the decreaýinq numlrerofATMsavaiab е п thecity 2, the de9ree of Safety ofelectronic tran5act оп5 З. When each method ol payment Wa5 irst USed 4. the top reaSon5 that cred t cardS are Wide у used 5 an alternatlve system lor lend пq and borrow ng mопеу А ,mа ll businesý оwп€r in Ghапа. West Afric., was able to ýtart hеa оwп builn€Js through mi(ld bbns. rl т ё-_\. лt ПШ Listen again. тhеп read the statements. chooseTfor TrUe t for Fаlsе, or NG information NоtGfuел. for Ll5TENlNG FoR ], The restaurant Where they ale doesn't accept debit cards. NG 2. Both Wоrпеп feelthat credit cards teгnptthem to spend NG too mUch, З, Тhе mап has probably lost а stored-value card in the past. т 4, Peel to,peer lending services are offered Ьу local banks, т F NG 5, Peer-to-peer lending services allow intelnationa loans, т F NG 6. The mап haslent moneythrouqh peer-to-peef lending. т DETAILS NG NG LlsTENlNG sKlLL Listening folShifts inTopic While talking about а topic, speakers sometimes remember а related topic that they Want to mention, Recogn]zin9 Whеп а speaker i5 shiftin9 topics Will help you followthe talk or discussion. Hele are some eХpressions that signala 5hift in topic: speokiпg afLloplcl, . , speokingofwhich,... Thot reminds mе,.,. Ву the woy, . . . б Ш Listen to excerpts from the conversation, Match the explession5 with the Ll5TEN lNG ЕоR ýнlFтý lN ToPlc topics they introduce. Topics Expressions ], 2. _ - speaking ofWhich, . , , а, credlt cardS com]ng before deb]t cards By the Way,,,, ь. peer to peer lending з. _lncidentally,,,, reminds me,,.. d, the service being slow Speakin9 of helping people,,,, -That - е, taklng out а car oan 4, 5, Usln9 credit calds АFтЕR LlsTENlNG Wolk with а partner Look at the topics in the Ьох. Discuss the impact (ifany) that each cR]Tlc д L THlNKlNG: R Е F L Е с т lN G has had on your financial Well-being. What changes Woutd you like to make With you U5е any ofthese? Explain. how ca5h Атм machines debit cald5 stored-valOe cards direct deposlt cledlt calds peer-to-peer ending nterest MoNEY lN oUR LlvE5 1t7 Speaking РRОNU 1{clATloN Linking Vowel Soonds EElE When on" *ord ends in а Vowelsound and the nextWord beg n5 With а vowel sound, we often add а sliqht W oryso(.]nd between the Words, ], Add а W sound When the first Word ends п these soundsi /аё/ howJlbaut /ol)/ gо_оп]iпе /U/ overdojt Add aySoUnd When the ]irst Word епd5 iп the5e 5oUnds: /aL/ liе_зЬочt /rI/ епJоу it /Vthe аmаOпt /elweigll_it l п эЕ lnsert у or W sound under each link. Then listen to check your answers, а ] , ! like thejdea of b0]ld]ng affordable houslng units. у 2, The financial data ale too_inaccurate to ч5е, З, The Ьо55 needs toJlUthorlze your monthly_.expense report, 4, lcan seF_jt's going to be-immensely profitable. 5, The changes to_our financial situation Wоrry me_a little. 6, She advised гпе to_en9a9e in financial planning early_on, 7. lt's so_easy to go--jnto debt When уоч spend eХcessively. 8, The trial ofthe_affluent doctor became а media ovent, GRАммАR FоR 5PEAK|NG соп nectors of concession connectors of сопсе55iоп \though, ечеп thaugh, etc) inтoduce ]nformat оп that ]s п contrast or сопtrаrу to Whatthe istener might eХpect. Lookatthe L]ndellned information intlodUced Ьу the соппесtотs ofconcesslon, Note how lt contra5t5 With the information ]п the main claUse. dоп't wапt mу nest egg srаlеп ечеп though it\ поt that bia. тhочоh thev'rc reallц!5eЦ ]frпd credit colds dапgеrоu' ] Use the connector5 d/th ou1h, ечеп though, ol thоUgh in dependent clauses, Дlthоugh the dallor оmоuпt is 5mо1l miоаlаап'соп buy о lot, Еvеп though сrcdit cards оrе сопчепiепt. l цefer lo рау with cosh. IJse the connectols еVеп so, nanetheless, or nevertheless ]n independent claUses: l don't hоvе а big nest egg- Ечеп so. ] want ta kееD whot l have] The leslouront опlу accepts cash. Nevetthe|eis. it\ a]wavs ЬO|уgLЦлсhЦаg ,ll! uNlT, ТhеМоопDrа9оп tiny hочs€, Washin9ton state, a UsA \i Work with а partnet Match the sentences that go together Тhеп take turns соппесtiп9 the 5entences With connectors ofconcession. Discuss which sentence5 you thinkaretrue апd 5ау why. ], 2, З, The cost of iving ]s rlsing at ап alalmlng rate, 4, fs iгnportant to determlne your bUdget ahead oftlme, t'5 fun to daydrearn about Ьеlпg rlch. YоU mау оr mау not Ье able to make more money, а, There - are inevitably unplanned expensestodea Wth. Ь, Moneydoesn't qUarantee one's hарр]пе55 orWe -Ье ng, с, The ln.rease hasyetto impactthe majorityof the population, d. Better U5e ofthe mопеу you have сап ]псrеа5е your happiness, FlNAL TASK А Role-Play about Financial Advice Yоч Wll lole-p ау а meet]ng between а fiпапс]аl advisor and а cl]ent to di5cu55 Ways that the client са n save money,Then you Wil prepareand presenta budget. a Work With а раrtпеr, Read the roles and decide Who Will play еасh one. Rоlе #1: FinanciaI Advisor Rоlе i*2l сliепt You ale а financia professional. You recently moved into а new home, DiScUss the сliепtЪ budget Wlth hirn or her, aSk qUestions, and offel апd nowyour expenses are гпоlе than your income. Explain the prob em 5ugge5t]on5 for redUc]ng expen5e5 and askabout Ways to reduce your and debt, expenses and debt, MoN€Y lN oUR L vEs '!39 expenses re suggestions fo r leducing G; в studythe client'5 monthly budgetand prepaUse these questions to gl,]ide you, дNдLYzlNG апа аеы to пt а mопiЫуiпсоЙе of 5Z,BOO, с R lT l с А L т н l N к l N t client Fiпапсiаl Advisor Which eХpenses can Ье changed? Which expenses cannot Ье changed? Фthose eХpenses, Which items are which items should the client allocate less rnoneyto? HoW mUch less? pl]orities for you? Which items are you WiLling to Spend whi.h ]terns should the с ient al]ocate less оп? HoW much Jess? more mопеу to? HoW much more? Wh]ch lоап should Ье paid backfirst? Rent; Food: ýl.MO ýз00 Heat апd electricity: ý150 Student loan Ьаlапсе: ý10,500 (2% interest fol ] 5 years) $120 car: Entertainment 5425 Health insurance: 5450 charity donat]on: ý] 00 Ga5 for credit card payment: ý400 Student lоап payment] 9100 car !оап рауп]епt 5rЩ TotalExpenýes: sЗ,2Ц cal lоап balancel 54,600 (4% lnterest for 4 yea15) credit card balance: s],290 (]В% interest реlуеа0 TotalDebt: 516.з90 New Total Expenses: advisol and client, Share youI 5uggestions Role-olav а meetinq between the finan(ial are less than his оп а br,rdget so that the (lient's expenses i"iЙ". ДiЙi".rчdе а рlап foihow to repay the client's debt, Ж;Ж;;;;;Й;епt iri. PREsENTlNG partner Will each Ье responsible for Decide оп Which parts ofthe budget уоч апd уочr pair ofstudents, br"r"nt your buaget to another ;;;";9. il;; REFLEcTloN 1, Whatski inthisunitdoyol]thinkWlll Ьеmostl]Seflll 2. phlases lrom the 3, Here are the Vocabulary Words and Unit, check (r') the опеS you сап L]se, Паidщ П]rпрасtш П securityщ Eallocate@ Eintelest П seemjngly EaSsoalate Е nest egg Пtlап5асt]оп What i5 the most USefL]l]nformation related to mопеу Edepo5lt Пoutlook EvlrtUe that уоч earned in thi5 unit? Edetelmine Eenqage ]п Е overdo EWe l-be]n9 П prornoteщ EW]thdraW Efufi гпепt lao UN|T 7 Ll ,,,t)N r Е rem]nder н;т-ffiнпп гiЕ ,.| F п \l JаaF] \ iob\{ _ k tj students rea(twhile wat(hinga robot pradi(e 5urgi(al te(hniques at а ho5pital in Реппsуlчапiа, UsA. AcAD Ем lc sKlLLs LlsTENlNG Listenin9 for Assessments Using а T-chart 5PEAK|NG Emphasizing lmportant lnfolmation ý --, с THlNK AND DlscU5s ] Lookatthe photoand read the caption. What arethe advanta9es and d isadva ntages of robots pelfolmin9 surgery? 2 ln What other ways is te(hnology beinq used in health (ale? Dropped 5yllables cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG synthesizinq lnfolmation 14,| t , , l EXPLORE ТНЕ ТНЕМЕ Look at the photo and read the information. тhеп discus5 thё que5tions. 1, What are the dev]ceý are they U5e U tпlп 2. What other з. rdl atl rds ol ]lth. la lritn-д lNNOVAT lN MEDT S r о п lnnovation апd advances in medical tесhпоlо9у are at the heart of modern medicine апd have led to life-changing treatments and cures for patients around the World. Technology iý also о tran5forming the Way health care information i5 accessed and communicated.lt has impacted everything from better diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical procedures to preventative medicine and disease management. lt has also allowed individuals to take а more active role in monitorin9 their own health through the development of personal health and fitness trackers and арр5. The Pollen-robots shown hеrе are опе ofthe latest innovations iп health and technology. a ,il о ] ..) _ лl ,,]. 1a2 lJNlT a a ] 7о о t_ Employees of Japanese weather fole(asting (оm ра пу Weathernews dirplayth€ "Pollen_robot" in Tokyo. These pollen-det€cting Iobotr will Ье s€t up at 1,000 points a(rosý ,'apantoobserve pollen levels and l€nd rcports ba(kto the соmрапу. Thi, inlormation will hеlр р€орlе With aIlerglesand Ыeathin9 problems avoid unhealthyarёas. --G-., -j{ )ч l lk, Ё la -; n' / О"",t.."-..""" ,* VосаЬulаrу lv Е AN lNG FRoM coNTExT П@ Read and listen to this information from а health mапа9еmепt соmрапу, Notice еа(h Word or phla5e in blue and think аЬочt its meaning. HEALTH DATA: мАкЕ usE оF lTl тhе usе oftechnologyto mапаgе persona health isgrowing byleapsand bounds| pTessule, t'S еа5у to Wea r а соо gadget to help you keep tla(k of yoL]r activ]ty, Ь ood qreat deal of or body Welght. And mапу of U5 surfthe Web for hea]th t]pS, There ]5 а hea th]nformation ava lab е, but studies Show that most people are reluctantto take aclvantage of it, Мапу реор е have а tendency to put oГftaking cale oltheir health, and often walt unti а serlous problem come5 upto consulta doctor w]th our seN]ce, We keep а lоfуоUr ]nlormation str ctly confidential, We ana yze уоUr data and send profess опаl9 hea]t h remlndels. lп add t оп, f you have а problem, We have health уоu Who can dbcu9s а ро55 ble diagnosisand clarifyany i55ues, RегпеmЬеr, pTeventon he р you mапа9е S comparatively cheap When you think ofthe а ternative! Let Us yolrr hea th data today] Match each Word or phrase with its definition. Ьу leapsand bounds (adv phl) а, to monitor ]. 2. -_ 3, _ 5, _ 4. gadget (n) Ь, to make sornething easierto u ndeБtand; to exp]ain keep track of(V) с, in relation to something elSe; re]atlvely reluctant (adj) d, а habit ofactlng оr think]ng in а сеa(а n Way tendency (n) е, meant to Ье kept secret or private 6. l а medicalas9es5ment ofa disease or condition 7, -consut(V) confidentia] (adj) g, W]th rapid progress;at а rapid расе в, - (п) _ 9, -diagnosiS clariry (V) ]0, _comparatively (adv) h. unWillinq; not enthu5ia5tic . to Seekadvlce or infolanation from;to refel to j, а smalland usefuldevice ortool Di5cu5sthe question5 with а partnet ], HoW do you keep track ofyour fiпапсеs? 2, Have you ever been re]uctant to try someth ng new? Ехрlа]п, З, What k]nds ol things do you have а tendency to put offdo п9? 4, ln What sltlrations do уо! consl]]t а dictionary7 А grагпmаr book? 5, What is someth ng thatyou keepconfidenta ? ЕЕ work with а partner, Listen to part ofa conversation between а mапа9еr of а health club and а mеmЬеr. complete the statements With Words from exercise В. ]. At first, Jessica feeJs about participat]ng in the 5Urvey, 2. Jessica is concerned that her iпfоrгпаtiоп Won't Ье kept 3. Jessica fee 5 her fitness has improved Whеп ]essicajo ned,5he received а 5, 5hе doesn't USUa ly 6. leýsica thinks the monthlvfee to track her activity, her workoL]ts, h gher than other clubs'fees, iý 7, Jessica has а to Work late, 5о she ikes the hea th clUb'5 late hourS. В, M]ke offers to the contlact for ]essica Whеп 5he in shes the 5U rvey. 9. ]essica Went to the Wеllпе55 center to ]0, The doctors with а doctor about hel back, wa5 that Jesslca had strained her back vocABU LАRY sK|LL Using synonyms synonyms are Words With the same meaning or Very sirnilal mеапiп95, Learnin9 5упопуm5 епаЬlе5 you to use а greater variety ofWords and avoid soundin9 repetitious, lt i5 lmportant to Ье aware ofany differences in mean ng and u5age between synonyms, Fоr ехаmрlе.ldl/апd hlghare 5упопугп5. but We 5ау tdl/ building ol ребап b]l high mачпtаiп ar ceiling.yau сап fiпd eХamp]es of Usage in а dictionary, or Ьу searchin9 online, choose the Word or phrase that best completes each 5entence. choose both choices if they are both appropriate. Use а dictionary ol оthеr lesource to hеlр you. ], The best therapy for your е bow is to move t back апd forth (Ьу eaps and bounds / at а rapid расе), 2, А construction Workers оп th 5 5 te rп!5t Wear а helmet and а (too] / qadqeO be]t, З, Where are your keys? Why is t so hard for you to (keep track ofl гпоп tor) them? 4. l buy the store brand rnedicine becaUse itЗ (соп]раlаt]Vе у / lelat ve у) пехрепs ve. 5. Не said he's (slow/ reluctant)to 9о, but IstillthinkWe сап convnce hirn, 6. lfyoUIboodpressureiSstil too high, you Should (consult/ rеfеr to)a doctor. 7, lf you are сопсеrпеd about your inforгnation be]nq kept (prlvate /confidentia]), we aan a55ure yoU that our 5ervers follow the highest leve]5 of sec!rity, В, Myartteachertold me his gепеrаl (dlagnosi5/aSSes5ment) of mypaint]n9. 9, ln mу famiy, ехсе ent health and lonq l le seem to Ье genetic (tendencles / habits) ]0, our meetin9 was hе pfuland (clarified / eXplained) rny Understanding of the prob егп ]], Th]S is а (confidential / private) с ub youcanonyjoinifinvitedbyaгnember, ]2, compan е5, from Арр е to 5mа l startup5, are c.eat]nq (gadgets / device' that гпоп tor and track health data, HEALTH AND тЕсн N oLocY 145 LiStening А Lecture about Big Data iп Health Саrе вЕFоRЕ LlSTEN lNG РВ ОВ KNOWLlDGE А Work in а smal!group. Disc1,1s5 the questions, ], what kind of medical data about patients do doctors need? 2 Doyou think heaLth data ShouLd Ье kept coni dentia l? ExpJa п, 3, What do you think the telm bjg ddtd means? WHlLE LlSTEN lNG l п@ Listen tothe first part ofthe lecture,Wasyour understandin9 of big data colrect? FоR l LISTENlNG - "i," ,о,о' - Listen tothe lecture,Which ofthese (r')in the colrect соlчmп, PUt а check пФЕ@ points doesthe lecturel make? Yes No tr tr big data because ofconsorner concelns, 1. Аdчегtisеrs are retuctant to use tr had а tendencyto Ье unreliable, tr 2. until recently, health cale data has tr П on collection and storage rathel than analysis, 3, Health care data ha5 focused tt Ь predicted 5, U'g duiu doctors, tr п п tr that агtliсlа] intelligence will one day replace patient hea]th even after pat]ents leave the hospital, -n "nl]u*" NОТЕ-ТАКlNG 5KlLL U5in9 aT-chart д'] t nart Ld1 Ьр an Pfte(|ive nore-|aLing loo| лпе1 d le_tLre о' pre,eIl|d lU,l Uedli d]5advantages, cha lenges а:9::lЧ*, *itr, t*o iЙ"rоru topo (е.9,. advantages and line on eithel side of а chart .u"r", ЙЪя*"l. Pb.ing-these aspects оп the 5аmе that helps both comprehension and memory, ;;;';r; "rа-пgеmепt Б.Ы.Ъ" studentý virit corporea, an inteЁctive museum in Nарl€s. ltaly. devoted enti]elytothe subjed and biomedi(аl te(hnologieý. of health, sdеп(€ l-,. andpr€vention. &зJ 146 UN|T з l .!I)N л V1 \, related ý@ Listen again to part of the lecture. As you listen, complete the поtе5 to challenges in the left соlUmп.Тhеп listen again, апd complete the notes related to solutions in the right соlчmп. Write no mоrе thап two Words iп each blank. N о т Е тд к lN G ЬigDаlа апd Heallh care 5ohrLionq r elie|L9 hече fuпаепсу ') whеп ca|ecL Ье о| у, fron Ы. аррЬ, re?orl |q Lhe r hеэ lh aeLe ? allenl5 аlfаid aaIa \цапit Ье kePl Dey atbeILer &be1l,er Meaic^ ааh 05е|е55 uп|е55 iп а tапl that аасlоr5 ? trьЬVqhЁеаlh Dala Дll апсе'5 praf, е5 qive ааса пfоiп lechn 4у 9 tаrп lhдl5 ее5у The апаuпl d Palieft ааh эЬесаmiп\ Еv iaeas 5a44e5laaф 5опе Pallenl1 arc |_)эа aft сапLЬе'.Тhе5е |cia| inh.l , в) r,o & пеw iae25 пU5tbele5teain 5t:,Udie1 s|wNi5ea Вi4 ааh Ье ц $еа tю dеtеrпi|е чlhа lhе9е 1rаdiliом у, 19Ьеreп diffiсаlfu) kee?t ack of ?^tie|llocaLian пеd5, 5|еер, P5ych. 'tate АFтЕR LlsTENlNG ! Work in а small 9rочр. Di5cu55 the questions. 'l, The Speakel says that for big data to Ье useful, it needs to Ье analyzed and distributed cRlTlcAL тн lN KlN G: MAKlN G lNFERENcE5 to the 'right реорlе,'Who are the "right people" to recelve Ь]9 data in thi5 context? 2, The speakel says,'We haven'tyet reached the point Where а computer сап replace а doctor," Does hi5 lecture iгпрlу that Will happen someday? Exp]ain, З, What does the speaker imply about patients'use ofnew apps When he 5ay5,'And While it has trad]tiona у Ьееп diffcult to monitor patients in fo low up саrе, new apps keep track ofWhere they ale, Whether theyte takin9 their medicine, how We]l they?e sleeping, апd even their psychologlcal state after they'Ve left the hospital"? нЕ ALTH AND TEcHNoLoGY l47 Speaking БЙкrшС sKlLL Emphasizing lmpo,tзlllnfomation ýJrpthatyoLl llstепе]sdоd',т]]'_l,_л ffi io p-pnaslze " "."'."d; (an ;;;-,;;;;;.r r" that po;.t, Yo,1 Jse These e"p,es'ions ;;,- important information, in miпd that , , , lt\ importont lo поtdrеmеmЬеr/kеер We пееd ta rcmеmЬеr/kеер iп miпd that ", Let mе paint outl9rress/highlight thot , , , ld like to empho|ize/point o|Jt/itress thot , , , the information the speaker flom the le(tuIe, Write ПЕЕ Listen to the excerptsdis(t]ss Why this infoImation is important, i.iЬ'r"r, Wi,b u pu,tner. 1. 2. з, ne9ative impli(ations of institUtions,havin9 _ With а partner, dt5(uss the positive and Write your a а"а about а реьопЪ Ёеа!th, diet, аМpairdaily activities, ""ii.IЁJ".i"* shаrе ybur ideas with anothel il;;';;;;;;.i"n Fчll Ac(ess to Data 14Е U lTв GRАммАR FоR 5РЕАкlNG Nou п clauses With Ihdt А noun c]ause fL]nctions as а noun п а 5entence. Ihаt can introdUce а noUn claU5e, but is оftеп omltted in speakin9, NoUn с aU5e5 сап come: After Ье + celtain adjectives,such а5 5ure, солсеrп ed, interc|ting, true, апd worried- 'm sure (that) we'llsee а lot mоrе со aboration in the fUtUre, t'. YUр (tl.al) adlell \eI\ L5e Ь'о odtd.oouI оеоо|е( s,1ooo|19 паЬ I(, After Velbs rе ated to thinking,such а5 agree ieep iп miпd, rcolize, and wоrrу- Мапу people dgrее (that) big data has immen5e ootential. ýЕ Listen to Dr Stafford's апswеr to а studentЗ question after the lectule. Match each main clause with the почп сlач5е the doctor uses. ], 2, -Thi5leads some people to Worry а. that there ale rпоrе oppoгtunities for their data to Ье unprotected, sorne реор е are Worr]ed -, з, Ь. that these пеW methods of record пg and sharin9 hea th data Wlll al50 reqUire new Securlty measUres, tlsobvious с, that the Wireless netwolks Used Ьу health ]nstitutes cou d present security ]55ue5. - With а partner, take tUrns creating sentences. СоmЬiпе mаiп clausesfrom the first column with почп clauses in the second to express уочr opinions оп information frcm the lecture. Explain your reasons. aq.ee (1а-) lêa t'r ca,o profelsion"ll51-oL d t,Lst biq ddta, (that) Дl can Ье trosted to analyze big data, l (don't) think (don't) feel (that) dlug companies should share their data With each other, am (not) sule (that) big data has immense potential to tleat and monitor patients, l loon'tJ А do(tor ёхаmiпёs а (hild'sthroat via smart рЬопе he|d Ьуа пчБе in а digitalmedi(al fl I AND TEcHNoLoбY 'l49 cRlTlcAL тн lN KlN G: EvA LUATlN G Fоrm а smallgroup and discuss the situation right one? Explain. below,was the соmрапуъ decision the ,о, огб оо, Tion d[ а lWoeoudllr'aLa,-ed Lопd|dаIе5wеlё ое 1q o15ide,дo o'The cdndlddle\ .Н;:;; Й;;Й;; rl,ed о'9 dar, to dere,m,,.e tпаI ' one wa , 1ot сdго,dd'е hi, .;r;;'1" JI6:.;;,"u. hea|ti p,ob,pr ntheiJlule of{eled the job. 1 ar,r,со' THlNKlNG synthes]zing lnformation l Wh"п *е sv"th". u " ,,,l'oI mdl lo1, we .гalp ( o].re,I lоп\ amo'tq dlt]"'enl deo(, ГоI lro- mu'Lrole . d),е5, r'oL wJ, Ьд d5лео |o,omb ге in'olmdtioг о[ d Iорi', ";.;"';,;.;";". a,ld а |е( |J'e lo gd11 d deeoe' Lгopl'Td,ld,nq t,-,r,a", ,".n u. о ,".,l 'q св lT lcAL тН lN KlNG: sYNTHE5lzlNG lN FоR MATloN (ale,and learned in Lesson Aabout health with а pa(net synthesize the infolmation уоu and give your ideas Discuss а i-chart and lisithe pros and cons, ;;;";J;Й;;,;;; example5. Du bai has |аuпФеd а 5mart <ity inltiative to explore епеrgу, envifonment, inlra;tlucture, апd mobi|ity.ltr goal:to Ь€ the world'5 happie5t and 5mаfiё,l dty, l I l, j - ,. a l зý .-f:*fi- ..siP l;; ýgл \ LESSoN TASK Assessing а city'S Health Work iп а smallgloup. Read thi5 definition of а healthy city. Discuss Whether your city ortown fits the description, The World Hea]th organization deine5 а healthy clty as one that iý continLla ly creating and irnprovin9 physlcaland 5ос alenvironments in ordertosupport personal health, А healthy city enab е5 residents to support each othel in daiy aativities and to reach their maХimUm potential, With уочr group, discuss how а city you know is doing in the аrеаs listed below Тhеп de(ide оп the аrеа that i5 most important to lmprove. . air / watel / noise pollution . palks/green space . sports / exerci5e facilities . pUblic transportation co5t / availability . stress at home/ in the Workplace . food prices / quality . health care co5t5 / availability/ qUality . unhea thy lifestyles EvE RY DAY LANGUAGE Evaluatlnq deas Pos tive Еча L]ation: l d soy that (ideo) hos о lat of potentia], l lhiпk thot (ideo) could/miqht work, That (idea) 5ачпd5 goad/That saunds like о goad ideo Uncertain Eva Uation: l'm поt surе how wel] that (idea) would walk. 1 dоп'r knaw if thot's the Ьеý woy ta da il/go. That might паt Ье the besl solurion/plon/ideo. ] With your qroup, brainstorm methods ofimprovin9 the area уоч chose in exercise В. lJse expressions for eva luating ideas, д| опе way ta imрюче plJblic trапsраrtоtiоп is ta bring iп expelts ta onolyze lhe situotion. Ы Thot sound|like о gaod ideo. whot'S опаthеr idea? |ý choose опе person to reportyour ideas to the class. н EALTH AND TEcHNoLoGY 151 7 ý т ч l t-/ -ь\ .ýЭ \ I - Bikers зqчееzе betw€en (alýand l.-] buýes inTokyo,Japan. Bikiйilthёcity вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG РR!ОR К NOWLEDG Е that is collecting health data from А You are goin9 to Watch а video about а small studypartner, bicyclists iп the city. Discus5 the questions with а ]. lп Les5on A,yol] ]earned about Ь g data and hea th,What k]ndS oldata Wou d help the Well bein9 ofblcyclists ridin9 ]п c]t]es? pol]L]tion оп the Streets ofyour city Аrе you concirned about the heaLth effects ofalr ol town? thanjUst stay]n9 home? ls b]kin9 in polluted city air better or Wor5e foryour health Match each word from the video With its definition. Usea dictionary ]. deploy (V) 3, -emit 2. 'l52 uNll з " - а, to produce оl send out (а sound, signal, etc) Ь, а bit of materiala5 smalla5 or smaller than а piece ofdUst (v) (V) 4, -optimize рагtiсlе (п) 5, as needed, proximity (п) с. to put something into use d. how near а thing or place is to another е. to make the best or most effective use of WHlLE vlEWlNG ( Е @ Watch the video. Read the statements. choose Т fol Irue, Е for FоЬе, or NG for information Not бiyen. ], The health study ls attempt]nq to с arifo а question aboJt е}еr(isiг9 п сlосе p,o^'mitv lo lra'fic, т 2, pollLtion ао- vellcles ог Lhe road s i.rcrea5i'lq, т F NG 3, Рагt cipants wear clothinq and qadgets that take measuTements, т F NG 4. lnformation соl ected about participant5 i5 kept confidential. т F NG 5, PollUtion and smokin9 can lead to а 5imi ar disease d]agnoSi5, т 6, The resea rchers' g оа l is to create ап арр that bicyclists сап т consult for the qUietest route, NG NG NG F Е@ Preview the questions. Тhеп Watch the video again.Take notes а5 уоч Watch. write по more thап three words for еасh answel. ] UNDERSTANDlNG MAlN lD EAS UNDERSTANDlNG DETAlLs , What does the study Want to find new Ways of measuring? 2, HoW frequently does the blood pressule monitor take а measurement? з What device do the pafticipants U5e to loq their location? How ong do the researchers have to рrоVе the 5uccess oftheir study? 5, When particles of ро lUtion are breathed in, Where in the body do they go? 6. The planned арр Would Ьа апсе le55 pollUtion Wlth What othel factor? AFTER vlEWlNG Е WorkWith а partner, Think about the study in thevideoand ] What Was the research quest on that п5р red {hе study? а n swer the questions. 2, HoW Wa5 the re5ealch carried out? З, What W the researcheБ do ifter th s Sttrdy ]5 согпр eted? 4, п Lesson В, you Wi eaTn about Var oL]S dev се5 le ated to hea th ma пtепапсе, Wo|]ld you U5e а ро lUtion trackinq арр? Why or Why поt? н EALTH AND TEcHNoLocY 153 VосаЬulаrу ",o"':;|.il# l tothis email. Notice each word or phrase in blue and think f,Hr}"::"",ýlisten [-*-r..*".." '"r"**, То: Allemployees SL] bject: Тесhпоlоgу апd SегViсе Upgrades Rерlасе standald keyboardS and moL]se devices With ergonom]c]ones to ledUce and prevent services Р]апs to 0pdate ol]r office technologies and for ale гпоviпq forwardI Below i5 а list ofsuggeýt]ons We WoJld tnol грw ser!i.e' eou pmen't upqrode, ord Dlеа>р,а1^ lhem ао". ' lo l0 ,'kb voul teeobac. on 'еа1- imoolt"lt) dпd )end l' - - o\l lmpo'tdlt, l0, l tni1tolmbd(лто -]вd[yoUIealestсоп/егiрпсе l - injUries cat]sed Ьу repetitive movements, - с - '.lgononl< Lad ] dFчgп€d lorhealrhandcomfolt lll...h) ,qhrthаL ývelybr qы ..d d ffi.Oll to lool at 15a Ut{lT з 5Lpp у F-р,оуее', vV,t-l -on Io,) l|,at detect ,tFps tо(ёL alo, р' оUIгео, d"ivilv levpl, eI, , Plovide'5mart сhа]Б" that n']onltorWorker posture and Sitt]nq time, LoL'o ое+\ w'Ih еrоliог mогlrоr( ThaL notify employРP5 ol l'loh ''ve \ ot )|'е55 d]o dnl,etv, Provide Wearable gadgetsto trackblood pressure, blood sugar Ievel5, hеаrt late, temperatL]re, etc. ]nsta]lapps оп offce compL]ters to provide information about the nutaitionalvalue of diffelent foods. lnstitute 9ame breaks Wlth fitness Videos to ight the negatlve effects ofsedentary time, Give emp]oyees 5Jeep monitors to t]se at horne to check for Sleep lelated health issues that can iгпрасt productivity at the office, Equip computers With anti glarer screen pюtectors and provide Special eyeweal for employees Who are plone to еуе strain, Set Up а technology hot]ine to take qL]estion5 оп LlSing new technology апd services and to help fesolve апу issues that empLoyees mау have, В Write each Word or рhrа5е in blue from exercise А next to its definition, (п) the position in Which you 5tand or sit ], (adj) ýltting down а ot and getting Iittle physicalexerc]se (V)to inform someone about something (adj) havin9 а tendency, usua iy negative ofWorkers at getting things done 5. (п) eflectiveness 6. (adj) related to the hea th benefits of food and drink 7. (v)to regularly checkthe valUe or position ofsomethin9 8, (v) to find а so otion to а plob em or diffico ty 9. (V)to find or discovel Ьу investlqatinq ]0. (adj)occurring again and again, 5orлet]mes ln а boring Way сhооsе the word that forms а correct collocation with the word iп bold. use а dictionary orother rеsоurсе to hеlр you. ], People Who u5e computers а lot are рrопе to repetitive (stress / tension) lnj!lies, u s lN G coLLocATloNs 2, l avold Working in ап office because don't Want а sedentary (livelihood / ]ifeny]e), З, Eating lood5W]th а hi9h nutritional(value /amount) Wi improve your health, 4. А healthy dlet, exerc 5е, and sleep can resolve mапу (iss ues / topics) W]th опе's health, 5, А the hoSp]ta 5 Wele notified (on / о0 the new data pr]vacy leglslation, 6, What are the egal imp ]cation5 of so гпUсh tracking (of / to) personal data? 7, The new WorkfloW i5 the leason for oUr team'5 (increased / mUltip ied) productivity. В, keep trackofmy calories because (агп / hаVе)рrопе to overdoing itWhenevel eat oUt, 9. Маrсо had (poor/ serious) postu]e !nti he boughtan ergonomicchair, ]0, The qadqet Was so smallthat ]t (escaped / exited) detection Ьу the authorities, WorkWith а partner, lmа9iпе you work at the соmрапу in exercise А. Discussthe importance ofthe suggestions to уоч and rank them flom 'l to 10. сп lTlcAL THlNKlNG: Work with а partner. Use the vocabulary Words to describe or make suggestions to improve уочrоWп Work. school, or home life. PEB5oNALlzlNG RANKlNG > lwont ап орр that notifres mе whепечеr l moke о mjstake iп English! HEALTH AND TEcHNoLoGY t55 LiStening А podcast about Fitness Gadgets вЕFоRЕ LlSTENlNG related to fitness that orWebsites paTtner, Think ofThlee gadgets, apps, PRloR KNoWLEDGE Д WorkWith а they perform? HoW do they Work? do Wйч'rч*'iоп, you nuu" o\^/n"j'i" Kno*'uioui, write them in the chart, WHlLE Ll5TENlNG Ll5TENlNG tоR мА lN lDEA5 r Е"?;,:пъ,ж fijlli::T:li:: JJ; ;".,lff ::::Iж*: Till:,il:,:;ý": Recommended titteryet Smafty 5lеер Mask 5L]п DiSc З e,BeVelage SyStem Be5tPostUre Ап athletegets feady for а ruп with h€r fi tnesl smartwat(h, !l-1_ Rесоmmёпdеd Ьу Hannah Ll5TE N l NG 5KlLL Listenin9 for A55esýments When reviewlng prodUcts or seruices, реор е olten make positive or negative aSsessments, Listen ng for asseýsmentS allows you to Undeбtand What the speaker perceives to Ье the pros and cons ofthe toplc oldiscussion, Positive Asses5ments Neqative Assessments whot llike оЬоut jt is (rhot)... whot ] dоп't like аЬоut it is (thot) . . . l'm imрrе|sеd with ... ]'m not impressed with,.. Оп the plus siddpositjve side/up']de, . . . МОп е (big/mojor /si g п ifi са п t/i m porto пt) Оп the mjnus side/negotive sid odvontage/benent iS (thot) . . . Nопе (bjg/ mорr/ 5 jg п ifr cont/i m ра rto п t) dbodvantage/drowback iS (that) . . . ПЕЕ Listen again, What features of the gadgets Were positively or negatively Ll5TENlNG FоR D ETAlLs assessed Ьу the speakers?Take notes iп the chart. F\ilerYeL - acctale|y track1 haw fa г you wa lk biq апd )na+l.faclive iney.?en5ive Эпаr|у Э|еер Maqk эOп Di5c 3 е,Ьечеrаqе Эу5lеп oe1tPo5lure АFтЕR LlsTEN lNG ! PER5oNAL]ZlNG Work in а small group. Discuss the questions. ], ofthe gadgets you heard about, which ones Would you Ье interested in Using? Which опе5 don't intere5t you? 2. Do you think fitness gadgets are а passin9 tlend or are they here to stay? Explaln, HEALTH AND TEcHNoLoGY 157 Speaking РRОNu ltСlАТlОN Dropped syllables ЕЕ We sometimes drop а vowel sound in wordS With three syllab es or more, Гп tББ words, the vowel sound that comes aftel а stressed syllabLe ]5 dropped, l оrЬе ir\ unaltroctive, but then, it\ поr о pjece of jew|hy, is it? 1 was чыу int|tested jп trying this опе out because l hоче о tепdепсу ta ЬOrп, lt o]so analYes the nutritianol prohle af the Ьеч|rugе youle drjnking, ltЗ а пryst|ry to mе how it walks . . . vowel sound сап Е Й Опе or two words in each sentence has а syllable whеrеtothecheckyoul answers, Б d,opped. Cross o,Jtthe vowels that are dropped,Then listen | 'l'e |dooratory Wa5 орё1 dUI1,19 Iепо!аtiог, 2, l was able to intelna ]ze what l learned lп my mathernatlcs class, З, l fiпd it еа5у to conform to the corporate culture, 4, lthink it'S Undeniab е that broccoL] improves опе'5 mетпоrу, 5, То me, vegetab ejL]ice ]sjL]5t cold soup, 6 The drop in sales Was diSastlou5 for our restaUrant, 7, We're plann n9 to initiate several new projects every уеаr, В. Did you knoW that l actually daydream about chocolate? 9, Му fam]ly takes а two-Week Vacation each уеаr, ]О, Success in buslnes5 s always а coLabolative effort, ПЕ а Practice saying thefollowing Wordsthat are often pronounced With dropped syllable,Then Iisten and checkyourpronunciation, ], average 6, different 2, delibelateLy 7, pleference З, elementary 8. rеfеrепсе 4, despelate 9, ternperatule 5, federal ]0, traVelel WorkWith а partner Make your оWп sentences using words With dropped syllables askyour from this page. saythem with and without dropping the syllables, and partner if he ol she сап hearthe difference. > !delibe@tely try ta ovaid being sedentory ап the weekend' 158 U lTв J Work in а small group. Look at the 9raphic and discuss the questions. с в lTlcAL тН lN KlN Gi ], Where do реорlе preferto attach health/fitness gadgets? Why do you think that is? 2, What might Ье the advantage ofa device Worn ]n contact lenses? 3, Whele Wou d you prefer to Weal а health/fitness gadget? lNTERPRETlNG VlSUAL5 WhereWould You Wear А Health/Fitness Gadget? \* FlNAL TAsK Presenting оп а Health Tech Product You Wil give an indiv]dual presentation оп а health/fitness technology product. А Research а health/fitness tech product that hа5 some product reviews available. Usethese questionsto guide your research: . s there а story behind the lnvention? . What company.nakes ]t? . there аплh]пg interestin9 or notable about it? . what does the device look ike and how i5 it used? . Where do you Weal it? . what kinds оfiпfоrгпаtlоп does it track? . what featules does it оffеr? . Аrе there апу competlng brands? 15 HEALTH AND TEcHNoLoGY 159 --- ( Analyze опliпе rечiёWs ofthe product, А5 you read the reviews, take notes in а т chart оп the positive and negative assessments, оRG AN lZlN G lDEAs Review for the presentation, Hi9hlight the important information, D - organize your notes Ьох, skill speaking iп the to, emphasiiing important infolmation iiJ",,p*lrio* чпаihЪ ап for makin9assessments in the Listenin9 Skill Ьох, choose "*pr"rrion, pi.a. Ы the proiuct, and prepare а T-chart ofthe pros and cons to t]se "Брййь," as vi5uals or handout5. рRЕsЕNтАтlо1{ 5KlLL Engaging Your Audience Бе аrе some suggestionsto he!p yoL] engage уоч aud iепсе, r . At the beginni;g ofyoul presentat]on, ask Some qUeSt]ons that can Ье anýWered Ьу а 5how of hands, . А; appropriate during youl presentatlon,askforone or mоrе volunteers to assjst . you or to provide ап example for а point, your audlence, When yoL] tocus on how the po]nts you ale making сап benefit do, check ifthey a9ree. . Use lhetoricaL qUestion5 to епсоUrаgе your аudlепсе to think about somethlng, БИчltе them to a9ree wth you, or to a5k que5tlon5 yoL,r th]nk youl audience would like to ask. рr:::Чl:iл plan Where in youI PrepaIe qUestion5 to en9a9e your audien(e and pIa(tice 9iving your presentations, Prov,oe vou will ask them, Then With а partnel .оаirу youl pre;entation based оп your paItner's feedback, iЙЬч.k "na PRE5ENTlNG Give your presentation to the cla55.1nvite audience question5 at the end ofyour presentation, REFLEcTloN ], What ski ]n this Unlt do уоu think Wlll Ье most useful з, Here are Unit,check(r') the one5you can use, to уо!? !п What Way? tr Ьу leaps апd bounds trgadget the чосаЬulаry Words and phrases frorn the Псlаlitу !ш you 2. Whlch technologica gadget iп this Unit interested mo5t? Why? 16о ч |la EcomparatiVely п confidential Псоп5U t lч1(]Nrr м п reluctant Е Е keep tlackof П repetitive tr notili П resolve Е EnL.rtritiona Пsedentary П posture П tendency Edetect @ П prodl]ct vity Etrack П diagno5 s Е prone to loUS тнЕ MYS гNгл 7д2 1 colored ЗD computed angi09ram о' the blood ve5sel5 in the left hemisphere of а 27-ye.rold's blain АсА D Ем lc sKlLLs Ll5TENlNG Recognizin9 Appositives Highlighting con(lUsions sPEAKlNG ExpressingcaUýal Relation5hips яеdчсеd tunction words cRlTlcALTHlNKlNG Evaluatin9conclusions THlNK AND Dl5cU5s 1 HoW do hчmап5 show intelligence7 2 Besides human5,Whatanimal5 doyou think ale intelligent? Why? 3 HoW good isyour memory? Explain. Frопtаl Lobe _----r EXPLORE ТНЕ ТНЕМЕ Lookatthe imageg and read thetext,Then thesequeýtions. discuss а fully 1. What WoUld Ье ап advantage of havin9 developed flontal оЬе) yoL t,l,']l arpo|oodo|\ hpalo\' 2. -' Wгi.г p.l',indoа plofessionalathlete'S brain? Why? а.йооеd з. Thinkofactivit]es that уоu ale able to do well, Whlch areas of yoLrr Ыаiп do yolr th]nk b.J are the most deVeloped? Reasoning . Speaking , Problem sоlчiп9 тнЕ Ам лZ lNG MlND Тhе Ыаiп consists of six major part5, each responsibIe for certain function5, А comprehensive li5t of all the functions а Would filla book. However, to 9ain better understandin9 of this remarkable some оrgап, it is usefulto lookatWhere essential functions are located, Кеер iп your brain mind, thoUgh, that the parts of don't Work in isolation. Rather, they Work together through an intricate network parts of of пеrчеs to communicateto all your body, 162 UNll 9 ii*-,;,, Меmоry. Recognizin9 faces Generating emotions Brain Stem , parietal Lobe occipital Lobe сФ sensation . Reading. Body orientation Vision. Соlоr perception. Light perception сеrеьеllчm g \' t ,I Balance. coordination. Fiпе mUscle contro| тнЕ MY5TERlou5 MlND 'l63 Vocabulary М EAN lNG FRОМ coNTEXT А ПEl Read апd listen to the information. Notice each word оr phrase in Ыче and think about its meaning, WHAT DoEs lT мЕАN то вЕ |NTELLIGENT? ( 'II,lo'L|o.di\,. pel1oI /vno,o ,lo \o|ve р'оЬ|ёm " ] u ptoqic,o rГrr,.ntl(a|,,/ лd)'ог,ldеlсd)md,', 5arood о, ё' l г]оwрч"r, rhoL und",qtdr о'го | , ( D,ote,, о' Чоwаtd l ,'-",,.о, , ,,п pdll to |6 ло,t оGdrd,lF, l1'\pl5,1v, Ihe lqBO( I l СыО.., оГ la|!aIo made the cUIp,is:ng claim that l,nere are at leaýt seven'intelliqences,' паmе|у logical, linquisti(, uъua|zsoatiat,.us,car, t itestheti(, interpeI50ndl,and intraoeisonal -in oTheI WoIds, thele are 'm,JlTiple ,n[el;iqences,"Whi(h lnteIli9enceSooyou have? ) vlsUAL/sPATIAL LoGlcAL approaches ploblerns U5lnq lules of math or loq]c prefers to WorkW th obiective lactS rather than subiective LlNGUlsтlc . is skilled at ve]bal explession . has а largevocabulary . has а talentfor languages . Understand5 spatial re]at on5hip5 . сап easiy visualize and move ob]ectS in the mind . Works WellWlth chartS, qraph5, and v]5ualS opinion5 Mu5lcAL i5 comfortab е With 5ound, lNтRАрЕR5оNдL is highly analytica|With his oWn feeling5 haS а deep L.]nderstand]n9 muslc, and rhуthгп сап гпеmоrizе mUsic, 5ing, or MULTlPLE lNTELLlGENcEs р!ау instruments сап dlStinguish between ofself tone5 lNTERPERSONAL has excellent intuition about othe15'feeling5 is happy to Ье аrочпd other people and vice versa l6a UNlT 9 Ll!ýoN А KlNESTHETlc has contlolovel body mоVегпепt5 iS 5k]lled With hands i5 often а good dancer В complete each sentence With the correct Word оr phrase in blue flom exercise А. is true flom а 5с entlfic point ofview, 1, informatlon 2. 'i5 Used to 5ау that the rечеr5е of а statement iS also true, з. " describes things re ated to size,shape, area, апd position, f you are а(п) person,yoU thinkabout thing5 in а lo9 са Way, 'is а Word that introduces speciia information or examples, 5, 6. lfyou 7, Sol ome thin9 that i5 somethin9, you form а picture of it iп yo!r mind, l5 based оп personal opinion5 в, 5ol omeething that i5 9, )Ur_ oU and feelin95, has to do With Words and lan9Uage. tel15 U5 5огпеthiп9 is true though We have no proofthat it i5, s а thought ]0. process based оп goodjUdgгnent and common 5ense, vocABU LARY sKlLL Suffxes -аl, -rdl and iсdl The suffixes ol, tiol, апd -icol ар Used to create adjectives from nouns, . With mапу nouns, the SUffx d/is added direct у With по chanqes in 5pellinq, lаqlсэ loqicol пчtritiап э пчtritiопаl чеrЬ э verbol . With some nouns, adding -alinvoves 5lightchanges in spelling, сапtrоvебу Э cantroversiol tribeэ triЬаl Ьепеfrt) benefrcial , NoUn5 endinq in -ceoften take the suffx tldl in thelr adjective form сапfrdепсе ) canfrdentiol rcfelence э referential spoce э 1potiol .SomeadjectivesareformedbyaddingthesuffiX-,colWithotherspelln9changes, опаlуsЬ ) oпalrlkdl hypothesis э hypothetical ecology э ecoloqicol complete each question With the соrrесt form ofthe Wold in раrепthеsеs. Use the sulfix -dl, -tirl, or itdl Use а dictionary as needed. ]. (education)experiences has Ьееп most USefulto уоч? Which ofyour (math)mind? Do yol] have а З, Which ofyo(rrteachers has been the most 4, Do you prefer books that are (lnflUence) in your life? (h]Stогу)оr one5 that are (blography)? 5. What is one (practice)stlategy you USe Whеп рrераliпg for а test? D Work With а partnet Take turns asking and answering the questions from exercise С. PER5oNA tlzlNG тнЕ MYSTEH oUý MlND 165 LiStening А podcast оп the вrаiп and lntelligence Иа,l. tj,.,.,o к у,.,rФ ц"! k :f'rK J_ _ _tъ з BEFoRE LlsTENlNG PRIoR KNoWLEDGE ! - two sides of Work in а smallgroup. Look atthe photo, What do you know aboutthe your ideas, the brain? Discuss With your group апd Write down WHlLE LlSTEN lNG Ll5TENlNG FоR MAlN lDEA s Listen to the podcast. Does thе speaker makethe5e pointý? check П пЕЕШ (/) Yes No Уеý or No. ], Expeliments have shown differences iп the two ha ves ofthe brain, 2, The eХperiments ofeary Ьrаiп researchers Were not пп 5cientific, з. people have dlawn incolrect сопс usion5 about the ыаiп iп the past, 4, Right brained and left-brained personalities are ýcient]i' facts, 5, Modern braln science has cleared чр some confosion about the bnin- NОТЕ-ТАКlNG sKlLL Highli9htin9conclusions тм detalls of5clentific eХperirnents aIe not usua]!y as important а5 the сопс Usion5, when уоu take notes, highlight оr L]ndelline the conc usion5 so that they stand out, p'e(es ot iгfоrrd['оп, lelp are some l аrеr, it will Ье 5imple to rev,ew tl,ese key eХplessions to listen for . . , jt соп Ье сопсlчdеd thot . . . . . , we саmе toheoched/odved ot/drew the сопс]Usiоп lhat , - , lt js cleor that... 166 U lT9 Listen tothe mаiп portion ofthe podcast. complete the notesWith по NoTE TAKlNG morethan two words in еасh blank, апd underlinethe conclusions. ПЕЕ@ nlaaelhal affeclea 1PaI Len1 Ex?er. #2 I R af .сrcф еа5i \, brt didl p.n1 Е25у wlll м АFтЕR LlSTEN lNG cR lTlcA L THlNKlNG Evaluat]ng Сопсlusоп5 Different conc USions сап Ье dlawn u5ing the sаrпе lпtоrmаtlоп. To]Udge ii а concJusion ]S reasonable, checkWhether it i5 objective, anal},ticaL, and based on availabe facts, Poor or Unleasonabe сопс u5]оп5 аrе based оп assumptions thatare not su]ic епtlу sUppoгted, that attempt to it inforrnat оп to eХpectationS or deslres, or that are from а Sub]ectlve point ofVieW. Work iп а smallgroup. Look back at the conclusions you underlined in exercise с. Di5cus5 Whythey seem reasonable or чпlеа5опаЬlе. сRlТlс А L ТН lN к lNG; EvA LU^TlN 6 CONCLUSlONS тнЕ MYsTEпloU5 MlNo 167 r Speaking s рЕА Kl NG sKtLL EХpressin9 causalRelationship5 ф".,"ББ;usаl, orcause and effect, relat]onship5, . Cause before Effect -ф Domoqe ta lhe left Ь@iп соп resl,It in Speech . cause after Effe.t Speech ploblems соп Ье о lеiuh of dаmаgе Here are sоrпе verb phra5e5 fol talklng about сач5е befo]e Effect ,. , aduses , , , --,resultsin. --,leodsto... . . . i5 responsible fаr . . , ploblems, to the left broin, causaL lelationShlps: саusе after Effect ...i5coOsedby.,, -.. is dueto... . . , rеrOlts fram , , . ...ispюdl)cedЦ,.. ыаiп, Match the from the podcast abot]t the ПЕ Listen to three excelpt5 iiйents about ca,-lse and effect, underline the cause iп each statement, ], seemed obviouSthatthe 5реесh problems 2'-UnfoгtunateLy'thefaSc]natingscientificdlscoveliesofBroca'5pelry,andotheБ -lt those ]n the edUcation field iпflчепсеоf the right-brain/left-bra]n mode оп З, about led to Some ess-than Sc]entlic conclU5ion5 а, -The the blain in the fre ds of psychology апd educatlon, the Je55 Ъr,hе idea that "brain,balanc]ng' activities cou!d strengthen О. *.r.Й,'Ь " dominant side ofthe blain. с, Were а direct le5ult ofthe damage, Ех PREs5lNG с AUsA L RELATIoNsHlP5 and effects for each of these topics Wоrk iп а small 9гочр. Discus5 possible causes chart, related to рsусhЪЬgу, апd Writethem in the positive experiences> А sеlf сопfrdепt pelsonolity is uiuа]tу о result af hочjпg succesifL)l or ] think it соп 1eod ta mole \eodershlp oppaltunities, ], А self,confident personality 2. СогпрUtеl game addiction З. А positive out ook on llfe 4. stleSs in the workplace 5. 5tIong 5oclaL connection5 16а uNlT 9 п А ЬаЬу listensto music with headphone5. l l Е к } С Lookatthislistofpopularideasrelatedtopsychologyandthemind,Doyouthinkthey are рrоЬаЫу true or probablyfalse, ol are you unsure? MalkTfor Prob ably Tfue, F for св TlcAL THlNKlNG: ЕчдLUдтlNG Plobably Гоlsе, апd U lol Unsure. ], P]aying a assical music to babies increaseS their ]eve т ofinte ]i9ence, 2 HUman beings поrmаlу use оп у ] 0 percent oftheir brain, т з People With opposite per5onal]ties find each other attractive, т whеп the гпооп i5 full, there is ап increa5e in crlme and т crazy behavior, l 5 Repeating пеW Words is the most effective way to lеаrп them, 6 lfyou let you rself occasiona ly show а little ап9еl, yoL] Wil avoid getting чегу an9ry, U FU tU tU тl-U тFU Wоrk in а small group. compare апd discuss уочr ап5Wеr5 from exercise С. Now read the explanations below апd check your answers from ехеrcisе С. With your J group, surprise you. di5cu55 anyfactsthat ]. Two recent 5tudies determined that playing classical mUýlc to babies produces no с ear measurable effect оп their intelligence, 2. Although the entire brain isn't used all the time, гпоdеrп brain ]maging techniques have shown that а раrts ofthe brain are regUlarly active and no рагt is left UnUsed. Research has shown that people are anore often attracted to people With Whom they 5hare var]ou5 ýlmilarities. Physics tel15 U5 that the рч l ofthe mооп has almost по effect on our brain5, and fUllmoonsthan at othertimes, 5 Research has shown that effective Vocabulary lealnin9ls the reSUlt ofencol]ntering stud ies show that there is no more crimedUring new vocabulary in variou5 meaningfulWays, and not the result of 5 mple repetition. 6. Recent 5c]entific studies show that реор е Who а low themselves to 5how theiranger actually becorne апgriеr, Which leads to negative conseqUences, тнЕ MY5TERloUS MLND 'l69 сп lTlc AL тн ]N KlNG: AN А LYzlNG l Then discuss the Work With а partner. Read about four psychological experiments, question below each. апd forth, paSsin9 basketbalb,back Рагtiсiрапt5 are shown а short video of six people ], 'TЙi""bitr,"p"opr"ureWearin9White,andthreealeWearingblack,Theparticipants At the through dur]ng the video, а person dressed iп а gorilla costumewaIk5 i,. urK"Jto соuпtи" пumЬеЙfраssеs between the people Wearing White, ;пе роiпt реорlе passing ba5ketballs, Qчеýtiоп: HoW do yot] thinkthe pafticipants reacted? Joshua Bell pLayed in Washington, D,c,, World-famous vioJinist -2, ln а subway station had recently aorla, vioLin during rush hоur for people walking Ьу, Не ьiiз.i .irtbn in the station he put his open Violin са5е in front рi"у"Ъ i" B"rt"" .t Sl оО а ticke; but ofh]m to col]ect donations, QueitloniWhat do you th]nk happened? ln themiddle are taken.by people п а ] 50-5eat mov]e theater, allthe seats except two 3, 'wr,oboKlkemembersofarnotorcy(]e9an9,Theyale,lnfact,paidactors,AreaL coJp'e Walb :nlo tne tlêdle', Гпе e}pe'imenr i) ,дреdlео W:lh several (oUples, Qчезtiоп:Whаt do you think most couples d]d? ] h:9 4, Thlee group5 ofpeop е Were given 5]mple wold problems, GroUp Y,",лО:J'' and bold, А third d/5turb, llke bother, io,il",iitiint, un:,a riultesy, GЙчр 2 had words then told to go ta]k With the experimentel, but !iоuЪ'Й,uпОогn *o,di. They were iheyfound hiгп deep ]n conversatlon With sоmеОпе, groups differed? Qчезtiопl How do you think the behav]ol ofthe people ln the conclusion to the resultsofthe experiments and take notes,what l пв Now listen your Discuss experiment? оп each coNcLUDlNG - Й-уоч make about hUmап psychology based с в lTlcAL тН l N KlNG: ideas With the class. LESSoN TASK Discussing Learning Styles ! in differ"li:"y:: Lo:k ut Psychology tells ur5 that different people prefer to learn prefer? check (r') Y {or Уе,, N for No these seven learnlnq styles. Wпlсп sryles do уоu or Ns for Norsure. preferred Learning l Style prefer to take in nlormatjon Ьу 5ееiпg it audio receiVe infolmation be5t throUgh soUnd verbal physical l09ical social solitary 17о UN|T 9 l lsroN А l visual trY пN пNS пY пN пNS пN пN5 focu5 best on Words Wlitten, spoken, or recolded f]Y пy пN пNs eager to getthe body in action when learning п N П NS like numbers, rules,loglc, and solving ploblems пY ПY П N П NS prefer group Wolk апd interacting With othec п N п NS focused and ploductive iп indivldualact]vltieS L]Y l, \ a2 l,- 7 л I ] -. 'll/ Е-- stud€ntý ? Work in а ,mall 9rочр. compare your learning style pleferences from exer(ise А, EVERYDAY LANGUAGE l (would) rcсаmmепd (thot) ,.. lthink(that) why dап'tуаu/wе ... ? с (leatin9 а roboti(aam Making R_Acommendation5 lt wou]d Ье а gaod ideo to . . - .. АоUlо,rоUld'mчht Ье о aoad dеL. ] suggest (that) .,. сRlТlсА L тн lN К lNG: sYNTHE5lzlNG Wоrk in а group, Fоr еасh grоuр member, discuss ideas for studying effectively. considertheir preferred learning styles from eXerci5e А. Use exprёssions for making recommendations. Take поtе5 in the chart on the suggestions made foryou. Д: Since sung miп i5 о vi|uo] lеаrпеr, l thiпk Studying grоmmаr cha rts wauld Ье а good idea В| Yes,ond ror часаЬчlаry, flosh cords with piclures rniqhtbegoadSubject Area Study 5Uggestion5 ыаrп гпа r VocabU аry BL]ilding Li5tenin9 and/ol 5peakin9 Readln9 and/or Writin9 тнЕ MYsTERloUS MlND !7t 7, -g -.1- a l] ý \ Б f z ь ] lIt Anexhibitof neurobiological at the Deuts(hes Нуgiеп€ Мчýечm, Dresden,Gelmany о р t ý\ý\ вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG a Work With а partner. Discuss the questions, ], What kinds ofth]ngS are еа5у fol you to remembel? D]fficult? iest memory, 2, How far back сап you ren,]embel? Descfibe your ear you need to remembel somethin9? 3, What are Some techniques you u5e When WHlLE vlEWlNG UNDER5TANDlNG м AlN lDEA5 Are these mап named GianniGolfera f Ц@ w"t.b tt " video about ап(/)amazin9 - БЫr.чd" in th" video? check Уе5 or Nо, Yeý No 1, GianniGolfera'5 memoryattlacts popular and 5clent]fic 2. Some people queýtion Whethel GoIfera's memory abilitles are real, 3, scient]ýts are Working to discover а genetic component 4, Golfera's great memory skill is due ]п рагt to hls оWп 5, Doctor5 сап improve memory Ьу making changes 172 uNlT9 Voto attention, to mеmоry, efforts, to the Ьrа]п, < ý fiý watcb tbe video again, complete the facts about Gianni Golfera. Write one word or а numbelforeach answer. ], Giann]Gollera сап remember U N DERSTA N DlN G DETA lLs nL]mbers апd repeat them forward and backward 2. Gianni has memorized over 250 з, Glanni сап remember every ol every day of hislife with those ol 4. Dr. Malgaroli Will compare the Golfera farnily's otherfamiies. 5, Researche15 are nvestlgating how memory апd earnlng the Ьrаiп, 6. Dr, Ма 9aroli says that remembelin9 Well isjUst а гnatter of 7. Gianni ha5 been training hiS brain since he Wa5 8, Gianniha5 memorized а series of уеа15 old, books. job, 9. Fоr Giаппl, Wolkin9 to lmprove hi5 rпеmоry is like а ]0. Despite hl5 obvious glft, Gianni has а rёlаt]че у fe, АFтЕR vlEWlNG Look at thi5list ofstrategies for improving memory. Rankthem according to how effective you thinktheyWould Ье for you, from ] (most effective)to 5 (least effective). Тhеп share your ranking With а partner с R lT lcAL тН lN KlN G: RANKlNG Eat memory-enhancing foodS, sL]ch as avocado, berlies, coconut, oiy i5h, nuts, and darkchocolate, frequenty. Strengthen your rnemory Ьу not Usin9 а GP5lord lections,|ealnin9 а new - langUage, trying ап online bla]n-tra nlng game, or Staгtlng а new hobby, Get phys]ca exercise to с ear уоUr m]nd and provide охуgеп to your brain, and do mlnd-body exerc]ses such as yoga, Which has а рrочеп positive impact оп memory, LiVe а healthy lifestyle that improves rnernory Ьу getting eight hou15 ofsleep, - socializing Wlth friend5 regUlally, and avoiding junk food and uпhеа thy snacks. U5e memory techniques such а5 making Wordý ftom the first letter5 ofthe Words - you need to remernber, makin9 lists, and drawing mind rnaps to connect idea5. Work With а partner Di5cu55the5e questions. PERSoNALlzING ], sometlmes something you 5ее, taste, touch, hear, or smel causes you to have а certa]n rnemory, Flom your experience, which ofthe senses (5]9ht, hearin9, taste, sme l, and touch) do you think is lnked rnost close]y to memory? Explaln, 2, After Watching the Video, are yol] lnsplred to ]mplove your rпеmоry? f so, would you like to try one ofthe strateqles from eХercise D? Whlch опеG)? 17з ----T---------I Vocabulary phraseý уоч already know, Use а dictionary l пЕ Listen and check {/) the Words оr to help you With any new Words, (v) l Ппоrm (n) MEANlNG FRоl\,1 coNTExT й;;ы_l Пsчпеriоr! Пiпfеriоr (adj) Пethi(al(adi) l Пdеереп (ad|) L].adical (adi) l ПоЬýоlеtе П5temmed from (V phr) Eunpfecedented (ad]) and fillin each Ь!апk With the correct fl!t! Read the blog post(he(k your answРlý, Word or phraseflom exer(ise А, тhеп Iisten and тнЕ ANlMAL MlND Do an]rnals think апd feel ]ke We do? Are they 5imi]arto or completely different fromhurnans?lntheearly2Othcentury,BritishpsychologiStc'L'Molganclaimedthat only Ье ]nterpreted in terms oflowel mentalfacultles,rThis an]mal behavlor couLd the ideas that ]7th centl]rythinkers had qUldel]ne rnind, At that time, the aboLrt the animal Was to 5ее animals a5living machineý,The - wrote that animal5'eat Without Frепсh philosophel Nicolas Маlеыапсhе pleasure, they desire nothing, feal nothin9, know cryWithout pain,9row Without knowing it nothing," tоr Маlеыапсhе, the animal mind seemed to the humап mind in every Way, Today there hа5 Ьееп а(п) change in the Way sc]entists viewthe - anirnal mind, and the ideas of Matebranche are allanimalbehaviors regarded as dolphinS, and аре5 hаче рrочеп that have Ьееп have - between hчmап5 and apes, аре5 ofthe animal mind cont]nl]es to actually are not.This is leading some to fбсчltу 1nl powel сараЬ, ilv л ," ..,"",о|г,,оF,,о, "",|| _ , it once thought to Ье uniqL]ely human ask serious the treatment ofanimals and their rights opponents, апimаls has Ьееп observed in the wild, is becoming clea r that va rious characterlstics ";;;hy,,',,,"-.ь, lопgеr palrots and apes,lп memory skills bydefeating their hUman lп addit]on, evidence ofempathy'аmопg As sc]entists'understanding , No point ofview to Ье false, Оп the contrary, there discoveries oflanguage abilities in - -- - ;ехаrпр!е5 oflearning in b]rds, опе experirnent, а kind of memory competition clemonstrated become _-- questions about in the human dominated world, j dlr "mо,о-,о, f,l ", л-с ,о, l on r |ry '/ э:: АЫчеапdуеllоWmа(аW pelfolm5 а tri(k at the KLBirdParkinKuala.,. [чmрчr, Malayýia_ , J Match each word or phrase With its oDposite meaning. ]. 2. unprecedented а, а strange or unusual situation supenor Ь, of lower status or imрогtапсе з. norrn с, having happened before 4. - Stem lrоm d, diShonest; immoral radical е, dec rease; Wea ken; 19hten eth cal l ofhi9her status or importance lnferior g. curlent and Up to date 8, obsolete h, acquired or learned 9, - deepen i, modest or Ьа anced ]0, - ]nnate j, caUse;ploduce 5.6, 7, J - с R lTlcAL тН lN KlN G: Workwith а partner. Discussthe questions. AN А LYzlNG ], Whatare someexamples of]nnateabilities in humans or animal5? 2, lп What Wayý гпi9ht some animal minds Ье 5uperior to hUman mlnds? З, What are some ofthe benefitý of pet ownership? 4, lп 2004, the city ofReggio Emilia iп lta у passed unprecedented regUlat]ons that made it i legal to boil obsters alive, to keep goldfish in g ass bowls, or for amUsernent parks to 9ive cUstomers live rabbits а5 prizes, What is your opinion ofthese regu ation5? тнЕ MY5TERlo0ý MlND 175 LiStenin9 А Conversation abrout NЛеmоrу вЕFоRЕ LtsTENlNG PREDlcTlNG r Е,"#;ogruп г"':,:;llo a(onversation about memory, 1, What is 5l-iperiord,/tobiogrophic 2- What is the methodofioci t]sed Guess the mеапiпgs of two mеmоry? fol? (Loci means /ocotions оrрldсеs) WHlLE LlsTENlNG cHEcKlNG PREDlcTloNs в П!ЕI Listen to the conversation and ffil the ;ou. рh;dýе Ап aoooýillve u)ua||v follow( ''Ji"o,)lilu", n. аrd of,superial aOtobiagrophicalmenory," оп occurote rпеmоrу for post eveпts? makes before an Тhе 5liqht paUse а speakel noLn oI поuг incledibly appositive can help уоu ]dentiry _б"ш__*lъ:"."жнi:;.ff Ji;"Tl;,,,"TlT,[,,:::iНiliff ] correct, 9iче>rоrе,пfоr-dl"оl,л ;#".;;,;;;;л; on'u'" check ifyoul pledictions were it, l-iЁ,]**"'" , oh, Wait, l saw а TV show aboL]t that, 2, oh, and l know the meaning stems from two ancient Greek Words, з'YoL]couldtrythisapploachtolememberingthingsthatbeganinancientGreece, hippo(ampu5 iýa that раrt ofth€ hrain is vital fo. memory Тh€ D ý !fi LlsTEN lNG FоR DETAlL5 Preview the questions. Тhеп listen again to part of the conversation. Take notes asyou listen. Write по more than three words ora numberforeach ап5Wеr. ], What insttutlon Were the researchers stl]dyin9 supelior aUtobiographic memory from? 2. HoW many people with superior aUtobioglaphic mеmогу did the researcher5 find? 3, What career did опе person With superior autobioqraphica] memory have? 4, What was different about some рагts ofthe brains of people with 5Uperior dJtoblogIapl^l(d memo,v? 5. lп Whatyear did Dr. Scovile's famou5 operation take р асе? 6, What Wa5 the major negative reSUlt ofthe operation for the patient? Е ПЕЕ Listen to the last part ofthe сопчеrsаtiоп. complete the outlane With NoTE TAKlNG information from the conversation. write по more thап three words in each blank. I lhe melhaa ofloci Д,. беqап in anci,enl areece| а way r) remember В. HoW t Wоrks а, ? clure 2 Palh Ь, Laal а1, 2 - lhal i'l ol wай5 а|d @ р асе5 alanq lhe ?1lh. wa ki-lq а ап4lhе Path, а. Lal,er, уа| е Theima\e5 wl АFтЕR LlSTEN lNG П Work With а partnet Discuss these questions. ]. Trying to he р, Dr, Scovllle permanently damaged hi5 patient's memory, HoWeVel, as а Iesult, sclentistý earned а 9reat deal about the brain, Do you think Dr, Scoville's actions wele ethica ? Tryto rememberthe Lesson А or Lesson В Vocabulary Words U5ing the method of loci. YoUr paa(nerWiltry to remember the othel list, checkthe vocabUlary lists aS you recite the words to each other, тнЕ MYsTEaloU5 MlxD lr7 Speaking рRоNU сlАтlоt{ Reduced FUnctionWords *o o5 aIe woro) rhat )how!;il1]';1 jr.:T:fi ,:j, ... @ *,,o"incJUde: auxil]ary VеrЬ5, plep( sentence.They article5, Vowe, souno5 о'е redJLpd *o'dt о," no, ,sJallv sTles,Pd, Оflег, 'hё l"lotl(p tге (ertd'n , on,o1anlc ma)/ ое oloopeo, ,."na',on a ,Ь" -""Ь и" n and iJг\I,оп wold,, b]J"r".iu,'on о, t"" uпdё|,'пеd Prepositionsi wеwеоtаthесепtеrфtо,чпЫthеlе55оп, wiппiпg Ецlmеmоrу conlest? Did уаl) givehiаЬЬоwаrd fol prnnouns , / PosSessive Adjective5: Auxillary Velbs: The test wjllbe hаrd, ф!_wе study togelher? she соu]dп't have sееп the an|wels, con]unct]on5: lйу mеmоrу is better tfuпmу Ьlоthег's Art]cJes] Give mе thetest ogoin,1 hove aЖ"::l;l}::,lý T;ff lx",fi опd sistel'S, gаhоu(, ,llжill,lff j::ý:*J jhe'e sentences ,, Deop,e Wlth sUpe,lol aUlob:oqraph,Lal mеmо\ Lan |е-дmоеl that's ever happened to them, | гdI 5 led"v'meo1";l , i.,.in " Бr" " elam neit Wееl, viгtUally ДvеМh,,lg loj'lT;,#, l^To" o,,"'o.-u,'o, а ], l have а huge history i(,l't dг |ггd|е 5\l," vou lПОw, О, Н-,"о, qooo ,"'oN ,',;;r.:;;;];";,."edloч',Jdllzеоoalhtnatyou!го\fowell,,'kelhewoyto\(',]оо, practicethe conversation with а partnet Reduce theftlnction words,Then switch role5. А: НеV, how have yoLr been? оее" а rittte deo|el,ed СагуоlltFlli в, Jm, а gleat doctol, Do you Was wrong, YoLl kпоW, l know l knew Something or other А: Yeah,"ue himI ' wani rris numberu t h]ghly recommend and l еЬ ,"oi';'t ро"' ot*ou' hupoens '1lanuary лi" '"."ii * 't '-uT . , 'l', thpWlnIPlbluPs|'lhatswlatmymomcaП5thp,n,anyway,\he(:lsUndera(pecid' '^, on medlc,'.e ;;;;,;.i;";;"',adavandsdvsilibeue, lhdn her lamp 5о l сап get опе, too, t ,'unt to u,K b"r about i ".njitl ' 17Е uNlт 9 Llý,ON в ;""iiЙ; ;;;;, GRДММАR FОR sPEAKlNG subject-verb Agreement With Quantifiers When Usinq qUantiieБ With а noun, Ье 5ure to checkfor subjecЕverb agreement, . w Iб al],o lot, same, а few, bath, апd mаsr + af + ap!ra count поUп, u5ea р UralVelb, Дпd some of the methods wq\ sчrрrisiпglу we]L Дll af he questions wе!е incredibly diffrcult. . witb опе, папе, eoch, nelther, алd ечеlу апе + of+ а pluralcount noun, Use а sin9u аr VеrЬ, Дпуwау, опе of the mast fomous cose studies,!о5 iп 195З, iп (оппесtiсOL Work With а partnerTake tUrns usin9 quantifiers from the Grammar for speaking Ьох to make sentences With the following topics. > some of the parrots l'че sееп ап YочТчЬе videas tes that t animalь have abiiite ning styles learrпiп ] staIlnda ldardl]zed Engl]s;h tests the lesSoэпs iп thls u,rnit 'peak surрrisiпglу welL methodS for mегпоrу my parents implovement the people l know my friends mу memorie5 the students in the cass FlNAL TASK Speaking about a "Life Hack" I lol- аrе оо no [о le\edlch and о ue d ,Dee,l^ dboL( (|-I.p psycho ogica 'life hacks,' or sudlpq|F( We L(e to mdldqe oLI l me dI d ddl у l ve, I d more effcient Way, с в lTlcAL THlNKlNG: Work With а paltnet Read the information and discu55 hoW Useful you think thi5 psychological life hack i5. EvAtUATlNG LlFE нАск At the supelmarket, we all want to choose the fastest ine. lfyou are like rnost people, you Would get in line behind three реор е with ]0 ltегпs each instead ofsomeone With а cart containing 50 items-but you Would Ье Wrong! Resealch shows that еасh individUa takes about4] seconds While each item takes onlythree 5есопd5. The totaltime isthe ind]Vidt]a time р u5 the time for each item, 3 shoppelsWith ]0 itemseach = (4] sec, х з)+ (]0 items х з sec, х з)= 2]3 seconds ] shopper With 50 items = 4] sec, + (50 items х 3 5ес) = 19] 5есопd5 |' 5о next time, don't Ье aflaid to get behind а shорреr With а fu l cart! тнЕ MYSTEH oU5 MlND 179 psychologicat life hасkз that sound Lookonline and make а list offour to six lists, Choose three life hack5 ffi":il;:fi;;;;;"-;n'"'s,natt9,oup anjsbare lour Йуоч iould like to research foryoulspeech, Rеsеаrсh yourthree life hacks, For each,take notes on the information below, . а desclipt on of the life hacк , iЁйБй. ,:t O",,qnFd lo ,o've { 'd,.vl "nd/or who ,l -ighl Ьегёfil . огЪ,рlаrаtlоп ol now t,e га(L il imрlеmегIеd p5\,,lo|oqi,a' ,/р,апd'iог, 't oop'ooIld'e) . ].."'nronuuo" о, *"r lt Wo,L ý,iгсlLое d ".n"r Wl у , Ie, vou r,""" r,,ed i' oI WoL|o'ile |о trv lt, аГо РRЕ5ЕNТАТlОN sKlLL Using Gestures body mа]пlу]п а м u"r, ureful in а presentation, Кеер your hands andways ЫiI" to gest.le: want tb make а gesture, Here are 5оп,]е ;;i;;;i;;;;; ;;'i cnow )'/е, \pePd, loca|,o'], or гJ-Ье') l J\e VoJl ha,ld. d,ld hпqеIс to ';u ,а:5д ol оре1 yoJ' d'ms lo doLb, о, 1аог6(5, u*"r.un е, о'е< Rai,e ol ,owe, youl st'оuldр,ч а Variety of expressions a'riо*,U"пп'П о, oo"nness, and L]se your face to ShoW "Raiseyoul hапd if ,,," to get your audience lnvolved *.ОЙ", n""Ъ "*,", to use gestules, Give each othel With а partner, practice your speech, Remember your speech as ;;;;;, ,p""cbes апd оп апу gestures used, and adjust ;;;;й:k needed. PRESENT NG Е Give your speech to your group,when the group, REFLEcTloN 1, Which language skill ]n this unit do you think Wlll most Usefulto уо0? ln What situation(5)? 2. Whatd]dyou lealn aboutthe mind,the memoly that you dldn't know befole? 1l0 UNIT 9 ! ,,l)N п Ье you finish, invite and апswеr questions flom з, Here are the vocabulary Word5 and phrases frогп the l1nit Check (r')the опе5уоч can 05е, Eanalytical@ П nan,]e!y Е subjective П 5uреr]оI Е поlm @ Пdеереп Eobjectiveщ Е unplecedented !r Пethical@ brain,or Elnlerior Eobsolete ПчеrЬаl П ]nnate Е radica]@ Evlce versa Е lntult]on П 5patial tr ]oqic щ Estem from Evlsualize Ф удБ тнЕ 10 a' ', ../ :.t. AcADEMlc 5KlLLs Ll5TENlNG Listening fol sUgqe5tion9 The colnellMethod sPEAKlNG Rеfепiп9 to GloUp 0pinions Redu(ed Auxiliary Phla5e9 cRlTlcAL THlNKlNG categorizing THlNK AND DlscU55 ] HoW do you (hoose the food you Ьчу? What types ofthingsdo you thinkabout before you Ьчу food? What ale some things you always Ьчу? Never buy? 2 Whatdoyou think it mеап5 whеп We say food is genetically modifi ed? 1а1 щ Lookatthe photo апd read the information, Тhеп discuss thе que9tioný, 1. What i5 the goa ofthe Svalbard G SAV|NG obal Seed FоR тнЕ FUTURE Вапk? 2. WhV miqht а lemote locatlon have Ьееп сh;5еп for this 5eed bank? з. Wndl clo,, doom doy mеdп, d,о Wl" do \о,] Ln пк th,\ пdФё лd 9,\el.lothesРeooont7 to 5ее yol] Would llke 4. " Nаaпе Some clops thatWhy are they ]mpoltant? ,uu"J in u ,""а bunK, -i.#.r., _ _ I ''_:'-.. calted the "Doomsday Seed Vault" The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, sampleS of seeds frоm around the ьу some, was created to preserve Ье stored in the vault in case world. More than two billion 5eed5 сап of natural or man-made disaster, the vault will ensure that The climate and the thick rock 5urrounding will remain frozen, even without electricity the 5amptes WH EN: Buitding WH ERE: started June 19, 2006, ::т:;,жlffi;хl; ;}ffl;:iiНli,fi:;].,lfi northernmost part ofthe Kingdom of WHY. ltЪ Ьеiп9 built 1а2 UNlT lo Norway, to protect the earth's crop diversity, *"" Ameri(an agri(ulturaliJt (аry Fоwlеr holds vials of peas atthe svalbard GlobaI seed Bankin Lon9y€arbyen, svalbard, Nоrwау. / 1 ,rb. е / -/ -t ) tr,, ! ý rd', :iд l ý тнЕ FUTURE oF FooD 1а3 Vocabulary MEANlNG tRом coNTEXT Read and llsten to the article aboutthe phrase in ЫUе and think about its meanlnq, Е!E or WHY PUT sEED S lN А BANK? '] world's food supply, Notice еасh wold now ovp, 5еvеп Ь,|llоп реорlе a'ld intense on world tood 5uppllels ls mole ,Фоl| пLфЬе| b,m5 now cultivate onlv а np worlo oooJldtlon 15 ",;;;";,;;;:;"r;",е i""" '.a" Whea[, oI liceovervdtT dIedь, Ihlstypeof ""i:,, '.",as(oI1, бi;roossucn i",'.,iп","l, i""*" ;Ы;:,i; ;;; .ono.UllUre, While e)(pёrts a([nowled9e__ ^ ;arve,ts, skeptics 'av that thic beneit 5 offset Ьу its negative efiects, effect it has оп the опе selious dlawbackof monocultule i5 the ,rops ;;:;;;;;";,|ellesq,own "i.l.ii"ri 1o1h centJry, and а,й J"о . nce thЪ о"9:гг,п9 of rhe byfdr-e,5 Theoivers|wof й toward а lisk,/ а,е movrng ехlъt #",,'".,"о .o"a]"i "nger "" retre, on too'ew (rops,lr el:)llng ,'..i,"" I",,iЙtiЪ'"ЬЫ Jgncurture a lhev :;;r*;,;;;",;i";s alarrbt wl,rch thev паче поrlêleýistance, wol|d's Гооd .al --| lbiiuБ* a- 5upply, "Ё'"*,йa w;uld Ье detrimentalto То sdve veqeтable variet|e) irоф exhn(t|on, many expertt ,"""."i"l'iil" o,"*,at:o1 ot5eed1 ЬуmеапБоf 'seFdto banl(," setting Who devote themselves ii".l" bi."" ]300 seed banks "" ""а,cientists bn count,there Were about ,"йi".'''ii"r, о' *ЪiЬ. ть" ,eed5 inside these seed bank5 "b""jirr" invaluable in the futufe ý write each word or phrase in Ыuе from exercise А next to its definition, ,l. (prep ph0 With the use of (а tooI, method, idea, 2. _-- (v) to act to Ьаlапсе anothel action оr 3, ' _- - could Ье etc,) effect (adj) h]gh iп епеrgу or degree (adj) eХtlemely useful (adj) havlng а harmfulol damaging effect _peopleWho doubtthingsthat others believe 6, -..__-(n) 5. 1а4 uNlT 1о -..... 7. (n)the act offightin9 against somethinq в. -... (v) to plepare -- ]and and grow clops thele 9. l,] lo oJo|ic|v lPcom-e'ld ,o..e,h no ]0, (п)а negat]ve or UnWanted aspect or leature vocДBuLABY sKlLL lnvestiqatingAuthenticLanguage Опе Way to investiqate authentic ехаrпрlе5 ofwords and phrases is to do ап lnternet search, lfyou put гnL]ltiple Wolds ln quotation marks, sealch еп9iпеs WilJ return many eХamples ofthe exact phrase, Another Way to find authentic examples i5 to use on 1пе concordance15, concoTdancers also revealword collocations, С Read these sаmрlе linesfrom а concordancerand answerthequestions. to private sector corporations stoves that have proven inva].uable fоr preparing food that is sub thапk Jоhп, whose eforts }rеrе iдчаlчаЬlе to tTlnging this Project to а gочетпmепt теsочrсеs pToved invaluabl€ ] What verb is а strong collocation W]th 2 What pleposition5 are Used after iпvoluable? 'nvdludble? the рrоьlеп had а ctearty detrim€tital effect оп the renaining part against its potentially detrimenta]. impact оп sources of сlеап that has а paTticularly detrinental etrect in areas that have been з, what adverbS аrе used wiIб detrimentol? What noun s а strong colocation With detrimentаl? whlсh exposed а serious drаwьасh of the envisioned рlап, паmеIу investors of а potential drаwьасk to leaving funds in ап ассоuпt covered yet another serious drawback to the strategy of planting crop 5. What preposit onS are used aftel drawback'? 6. What adjective is а strong соl ocation With drdwbdck? sufricient period to build up resiБtance to lecently developed Pesticide disease has shоwп unusuaI r€siзtапсе to treatment with сопчепtlопа1 which continues to Show rезiБtапсе to Gм соlп varieties designed 7. What preposition ls а strong collocation With reJistdnae? в, What Verb l5 а 5топ9 aо ocation With rеsistdлсе? complete the statements. Use а dictionary ora concordancerto help you. Discuss youl answers with а partner. PEBsoNALlzlNG ], l tend to Ье а skeptic 2. 9enerally advocate з. А draWback 4. ha5 а detrlmenta1 5, ha5 been inva uable оп my Studies, THF F,,TURE оF EooD 1а5 LiStening А Lecture about GM Foods вЕFоRЕ LlsTENl NG РR lОR KN OW LEDG Е and anima15 (for food) altered Ьу fi* Work in а smatl group. ln what Ways are specific cropsпоtёs in the (hаd, qenetic modificitionsl Di5cu5s your ideas and take Са\у5 аrе a|trreato рrаdrcе паrе пllk Д?рlе5аrc Т\r,ered t o |aat|anqel WHlLE LlsTENlNG Ll5TENlNG FоR MAlN lDEA 5 Listentoa tectu le bout genetically modified (GM)foods,Which l п@ЕЕl - фЙ does tbe ,peaker makel Put а check (, ) in the соrrесt соlчmп, yeý No п п 1, There is conпoversy around the i55ue ofgenetically modified foods, а foods, П tr п tr 2, The government has acted lп lesponse to сопсеrпs about Glй З, The dangers ofGM foods mentioned have Ьееп scientifically ploven, tr 4. Тhеrе have Ьееп some plomlsinq deve opments iп GM food research, П 5, The plofessor fee]s that GM foods are а ittle too risky, п п NотЕ-тАк|NG sKlLL тhё cornell Method ТБ соr*П *thod ofnote taklng,lnvented Ьу ап edUcat]on professor at cornell unlversity, i5 а three-step note taking method step 1:Таke detailed notes а5 yoL] ]isteпparts ofyour step 2: After listen]ng, Write .naln points оr qLlestion5 for the different notes in а column to the left ofyour notes. step З: Wrlte а short 5ummary of the notes at the bottom olyour papel The advantage ofthe cornetl method is that lt keeps уоur notes organized them into ап efficient study sheet, Th€setwocoho salmon аr€ 18 monthsold,but опе was qeneti(а lly modified to Ье larger thantheother. 186 UNlT lo LE!5oN л and turns ý п@ Listen again and complete the поtе5 section below. Write опlу опе Word оr nUmberforeach answer You willcomplete the 5ummary section iп exercise D. NoTE TAKlNG омFооа5 Main ?oint' Noteg \tlha| are ом F оаd5 паdе fron aniraal5 & ?lant5 wl|h паа |еd Е\ Pal вепе inLa й|сеrп5 abaul GМ faoa1 =vlI (- \Цееа5 р ck |р re1 5Т,. to weea aeLr пe|lal effect5 af GМ р ап|5 а| Mixin\al,,4 р апt5 &ап mrls \!/сапчепliа|а апе5 соо|diпрасl qепе taoM сrа2э --s эuреr5реэtэ Lal |q ОМ laoa5 GM .,da in U.5. & р|2пlеа in A,.oent па, Сапааа, china,9. Дfпс2, ДuiLr liа, Gеffпапу &5р)| ьМ 5а пап аеa аrеа 5efe п 3 Ьй а апi 9е| аМ апia|z б m2у Ьеiп markel5w/ | nexl Gаldеп rice оа аеп псе = rice w/bela-c2ralene, |ееаеа lo рrаdOсе vitaпin l\ 1аа 14а fii 5uIferfrafi ackct vilaпin д\ 1ayitm^y поt raiee vit. Д|ече эiпрар ВепеF,tе d Gм 1 foaa ?rаduсtап| сюр. waya to c||1t,vatr crap5 а| {q)alty апа 5ummary The ot апу апiпаl апd р ant с2| Ье пiу,еd апd mаlahеа la с.еТli Дthо|вh lhere аrc abal)L Lh. Аапбеrs ol GМ рlZпt э, ellch а5 5|?ef weea5 апd qепе |aw, wi are а rеаdу ea. пq thеm for vа.'lо05 GM апiпа|9i5 takinB|o|\er b)lwil ke|yh\ppen. Д,tуре wд5 dес аrcd arafe ыL il vJz.п'r ai af GМ foa4' i.. |dе поrе looA Lюеаьlе farhab е апd АFтЕR LlSTEN lNG J Now complete the 5ummary section in the lecture notes iп exercise С with the Words and phrases in the Ьох, approva benefits rе5 stant Gl\,4 salmon character]5t]c5 concerns genes popUlar тнЕ FUTURE оF Fооо 187 Speak n9 sPEA Kl l{G sKlLL Referring to Group opinions of а knowledqeabLe 9roup,YoU do not "Ф"iопlo,1, '15l Fad you 'etel lo t|.'д 9loUp pel(on о''h" "-',-тй..-'""ь-rБ;h olgan'/at Ь"""," пui" u ,р"aiПa in genela], fpe! мапч saientists а!р apl,mbl4 oboul !11, !еahпо!оо\ ond ', n,,,ti i" tn" tц 'o,,q",a.onl Re(eorchels hочеп'tЬееп oble lo demanstrote thol GM ro hDmоп health or talhe епуirопmепL Groups (often uSed W]th some, mалу, etc,)] experts (ап, ,) odvocates (af/for.. .) рюрапепts (af. . ,) critics (of, , ,) admit inJiJt wоlп bepe|simjstic Ье certain aqree сопсеrпеd pointaut beoptimjstic Ьеliеvе cRlTlcAL тН l N KlNG: EvALUATlNG crops are dеrrimепtоl jоurпоlЫ| dactor| scjenfisrs reseorchers vеrЬsлУеrЬ phrases: Ье !hoI GМlаоd5 оо\аF\р, п aq\UП,J'" апd h'аllh, think cloim feel feor say GM foods, criti(s of group. The lecturel refers to general advocates and А " Work in а smallrie.iбc to people, groups of people, and organizations might belong Бiicurs rllr,icb ideas iп the chart, each gёпеrаl group and Why, List your Fаrпеrаwth|аw \tla ty tаrпlапd аaqаaiс talner9 l. т ,l ,а .\IR, \ i'' : \] r}Ж*_ a'!ll t а -'- -" , ,.: .r: ýt ;J t: ,i\.' !, 1-+ I # Work With а partnet Role-play а conversation at а grocery store ЬеtWееп roommates. Take turns suggesting the 9rocery items in the chart below referring to а positive then а negative grоuр opinion. YoU can also make other 5u99e5tion5 using your оWп ideas. RЕFЕВRlNG ТО GRоUр oPlNloNS Н HaW obaut we get same af thb fruirjuice? ]t loaks reolly fre'h, * ]'m поt su re. Some expelts say it сап haveosmuch Suqarassada. k Yeoh, 5оmе juice daes. But doctals point out thal it сопlоiпs а lot of viramins, Itёm l Positives fr!ltju]ce contains а lot ofv]tamin5 tomatoes may light 9ome kinds of сапсеr tогпаtо fаrrп WоrkеБ поt always We paid eat h gh in proteln frght tooth decay completely safe to GМ sa mon beef organ с apples сап have а5 much 5u9ar а5 soda ike у to е5саре into the environment rа]s ng beef may harm the env]ronment qo bad faster than conventional арр е5 С Work With а partner, Read about three methods of breeding and modifying crops- с R lT lcAL тН lN KlN G: тhеп, discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each, B]eeding Better c]ops Genetic modiication gets the pUb ]с attent]on and the сопtrочеБу bUt plant breeders today have nUmerous tools for creat]n9 crop5 With new tlaitsr, The 9оа :continUa ly increasing yields' ln an increa5ingly cha engin9 cl mate, Ttaditional Вtеёdiпg Desned traitý are idenlified in separate ]nd Viduab ofthe 5аmе 5Ёс]е5, Which аЕ then bred to соrльiпе those tra ts iп а пеw lпtеБрёсlеi cloýses вlееdеБсап аьо cross d fferent 5ресlе5 Моdеrп Wheat cornes from 9uсh hyЫidizat ons, sоrле of Which happened natUrally. ] Geneti( Modifi(ation Genes identili€d in опе species сап Ье Tansfelred dilect yto an unrelated spec es,giving it ап ёпtilёlу пеW tlait-res stance to а ре5t,5аи orto а weed killel +-t=; ;-V+ f-i,=y hyЫidrvaliety, JavierAl(antal tends to corn (fops atthe мопsапtо test field incali{ornia, ]t.ait (n)] а geneticcharactern с ]y|e|d (п) theamount of food produced bycrops wheaethe сор iý f.omgeneti(ally modifi€d leed. lhyыid Фdj) bred bycombininq twodifferentspecies | .,Jl, ,! ,. l- ь С R lTlc AL THlNKlNG categori7ing When you categorlze, you 9loUp things With 5imilar characteristics together, into the ýame category, tоr eХample, food can Ье categorized а5 meat, fruit, vegetable, dairy, оr 9rаlп, Опaе you Undeбtand the characterЫlcs ofeach grollp, you can put itern5 ]п the appropr]ate cate9ory, cRlTlcAL тн lN к lNG; cATEGoRlZlNG Read aboutthesecrops апd апimа15. Decide ifeach Was created bytraditional breeding (ТВ), interspecies cross (lc), orgenetic modification (GM). Write the appropriate abbreviation. You Will u5e each onetWice. ], tangelo fruit is а cross between а grapefruit and а tangerine. lt has characterist с5 ofboth ýpecies and ls extreanely populal, -The 2, otish'are brightly colored red, green, and orange ish Sold а5 pets,They Were created Ьу iп5еrtiп9 gепе5 frorn а со orfu jellyfiýh into Ыасkапd White zеЫа fish, -G З, 5 nce the ]9З05, the yleld ofaorn plants has greatly increased because farmers have bred the most prodUctive р ant5 ofthat 5pecles in each 9eneration, 4, Wipe out dangerou5 mosqUito populations, scientists 'prog rarn med' thelr qenes to make them die before becoming adUlts,The young bred from -То 'program.ned" 5, and Wild mosqultoes alSo die early, has Ьееп improvln9 for over ]0,000 years becaUSe farmeб have selected the healthiest and lalgest plants to paýs on their genetic chalacter]stics to fL]tUre -Wheat generation5. 6, _ When the Wild South Arnerican sпawbelry Was Ыеd With the Nогth American strawberry, the resu t Was the pineberry, а fruitthat lookslike а White strawberry but tastes like а pineapple, Е Work With а partner compare and ехрlаiп the reasons for your answers in eХercise D. GlоFiýh'w€r€ geneti(а|ly engineered to g loW in ord€rto l hеlр s(i€ntistsstudy polIution. '1. l, I LES5ON TASK Role-playing а Town Hall Meeting А WorkWith а partner, Prepare to lole play а question-and answer (Q&A)session at а town hall meetin9 (а public meetin9 Where people can ask oficia15 questions), choose а role and read the information. Role #1: Leade] ofa Fа]mе]s'Association YoU ale the ]eader ofa farmers' association in а country that Uses traditiona l fa rгп ing methods, Recent probems ofdrought, crop disease, and insect pests have caused farmels to consider using GM crops, YoU are attendlng а town hаll meeting to a5kan offcialflom GM lndu5tr]e5, а companythat WantS to 5UpplyGM crops toyoul country, about the сопсеrпs ofthefarmersNotes foroUestion5 . GM crops haranfL]l to animal5 and humans? . lnsects deveop resistancetoGM crops, Ьесогпе moredifficuttocontrol? . Gепе5 from GM р ants floW to other plant populations, cleate "super Weeds'? . GM crop ýeed too eХpensive? Role *2i spokespe]son fo]GM lndustrie5 YoU are а spokespeбon fоr GM prodOcts in th 5 country and Ье leve theyWil drarnatically improve the ýltuation ofits farmels, YoU ale participating in а town hal meeting to answer qUestions and leduce fear5 that loca fаrrпеБ have about u5in9 GM crops, Notes for An5wer5 . GM crops tested for safety more thап othercrops nsect resistance to GM crops can occur;Wilteach howto avoid . lnformation about 9епе flow and "super weeds' scarce, being studied . .lnitialcostofGMcropseedismore,butyield5,quality,reliabilityarehighel EvERYDAY LANGUAGE lnviting Responses Опсе you present ап idea, you often Want others to respond, USe these phra5e5, whot da yau soy tolhat? Соп/Ноw da you lеsропd to thot issче/сlоim/сапсеrп? whot's your rе5рап5е to that issue/clojm/conceln? со п у а u оd d r es 5 th at/ th о 5е i s5 u е (s)k l о i п (s)/со п се r п (5) ? cRlTlc А L ТН lN KlNG: Role-playthe town hаllQ&А With your partner,Try notto lead your notes а5 you speak.lnvite lesponses using the explessions above, апd refer to 9roup opinions а5 appropriate. Д| clitics af GM crop саmрапiеs soy thot yo|J olwoys put рюhl, aheall of реарlе. What da you |oytothof? В: l чпdеrstапd уоU сопсеrп, but GM lпdustries В different. That's why wele havjng this meetjng,we're herc to \hоw уач thotwe care about fоrmеrs. тнЕ FUTURE оF tооD 19! {*\ Video.,' ,ъ J ) \ вЕFоRЕ vlEWlNG l fish farming. Тhеп answer Read the information about FдRй ;ll ,,,.^ """, ]u "", "'Iл" .а -'ft, the questions with а paltner, \еdrооd ro_e) "om П\h 'd'-', dГо 'n l5 чеdrs wo t|,Id( Jnrortu":]1: :::]::: :::"л:':?]:l;Т" Jt ^""" '|'е Io "' |ha| amount WllL and "ьо " со рЬ,,r,о" , ur,чео bv oruq. to,.lLseases created Ьу clowded,stresstu] ""o,,bnt' h w,)le lп tГе dlea L"l ,.lёI |о fighl 1hо5д d,5еаср,, dnd rоо -u\ ."h"-i;i; р;;; ;; (tIe\) оа tгА п(r'' ald tге l"'"" ii""iJ.r,",., ".**"i, ,]:l:.::1:P:::]eoJ(e) area clean, i5nr'u* йо"".*'ы*аtеr keeps the lIhevideoyouа,е9ol.gtoWat(hi<aooJtopenB|Ue,theworld's|аI9":'_:l".i-ло,"u" rаl-iг9 (Iops аго sirilalit,e5 and dltfelen(es beмeon ;,;;;;, й;,;,"',"mъ farming fish? Z, Ореп ilue fish farm i5 located in Рапаmа, Why do you think Ореп Blue i5 located there? WHlLE vlEWlNG U N DERSTAN D lN G м AlN lDEAS в Еа watch the video, which of these f,t Бе-сk{У) in the correct соlчmп, points does Brian о'напlоп make? 'es lol п5h'd'mi.lq, 1 Ine ooen ocedn prov|des а сlда1 епчiIопmегt iг ооеп о(еа'' fаrm nq ale 5пl|еvо|чlпо, -2 ii" ,J*"ц"* rd,m,,lо eqLlip'гenl, to mdгU[a(lUle ореп осеdг ] о H,n,on orans "*о ln ll'e open о(еа1, i ioo]" u,"'"" .о.' ,U|tab,P tvpe о' lsh то 'alfuIulF, ;Й;",iрапd hls fish,аrmlг9 bLt,,.ec)'n lhe ;, ;;;; 192 l,'N|T 10 VlDlO put а No tr tr п tr tr tr п п tr п ýtP UNDERSTANDlNG DETA lL5 Watch the video again. complete thi5 5ummary, Write опе Word опlу in еасh Ьlапk. OPEN BLUE ЭЕА FАRМ5 l l с a|a:r о.:ее. a, ?| a,| ,1a fterg e|hc]ency ф tan ?otl21 aina |п еhеd иааuф1lа lhe The ЬЕу f,5h farn i5 7 ,5 lю g mi е5 a)t |п thl Lhal D ^le f,lE r |о q(id lrчсNu ane-kloпeter lапа with fi1h оеrc in5lae. Watch thevideo again. complete each 5епtепсе With а word or рhrаsе flom the Ьох, Ьу mеапs of detrlmental ntense cL]ltiVating draWback пча Uable ], The _"ffects ofpolUtion don't affect the ореп осеап Very mUch. 2. The actiVity overthe fish farm makes t look Iike а litt е town, з. опе current to fish farming Work i5 thalt t requires а lot of labor, 4- The potentialfor farmin9 the осеап is much greatel than fol 5, The fish are kept from eScaping 6, The laSt-qrowing colria have с eary Ьееп enormous and pens made of netting, 5ucces5. AFTER vlEWlNG Work with а раrtпеr. Discuss the questions. 1, 15 open ocean fish farming а good alternative to traditionalfish falm п9? Ехр ain, св lTlc А L THlNKlNG: REFLEcTlNG 2, sometime5 а 5olution to а ýpeclfic problem may have un]ntended conseqUences, What might Ье some unintended consequences ofopen-ocean fish farming? тнЕ FUTUяE оF FооD 19з VосаЬulаrу А п !п Listen and check (/) the Wolds and phrases you already know, tr ample (adj) П callfor (V) П (oincided М П exceed М tr inadequate (adj) П opt (V) П outptlt (n) tr root (п) П scenario (п) Е surge (п) FRом в П!!Е Read the article and ll in each blankWith the colrect form of а Wold or phrasefrom exercise А.Тhеп listen апd checkyouranswers, coNTE хт м ЕдNlNG fi The Next "Green Revolution" ofthe ate ] 900s is Sometimes leferred The increase ln aglicllltural to а5 the "Green Revo ution,' DL]ring th]S period, four impoltant farrning techno1o9ies , brin9ing immense benefits,They are: . irr]gat on, а technology that brin9s Water to crops; , chemica pest cldes to help kil or control insects; . fегt lizers, Which g Ve p]ants What they need to 9row; . 5mа er р ants that prodLrce аý much food as larger р ants. lJnfoatunately, we can по longel depend оп agricu tural production late5 to continue to increase а5 they have in the past,Thi5 puts uS in а dangerous Situatlon,The nine ofthe рlоЬlегп is the rising globa] popu ation, Which threatenS to bilion Ьу the уеаr 2050, Manyare now W llhelp the Word avoid а l0ture nlghtmare а second "Green Revo Ution"that With excessively hlgh food food st]ppl]es, and their d]sastroU5 consequences, prlce5, оп the other hand, many experts remain optimistlc that another ln aglicultural ploductivity Wllloccur if farme15 lJrbanralm оп York citи usA to uSe GlV1 сrор5 апd sustainable farmin9 methods, Опlу tlme will tell ifthis second 'Green Revolution'can food for future generations. ensule tl ta.- l f Match the words апd phrases with their synonyms. Use а dictionary if needed. ], 2.-ampe са for а. ь, go beyond з, 4.-colnclde exceed inadeq!ate 5, _ 6. opt 7, 8,-outplrt root 9, ]0,- ! coexlst insufficlent d, abundant е. yield rise s, situatlon h, demand scenar]o chooSe sulge caU5e Choose the correct collocation for the Word or phrase iп bold. Use а dictionary or concordancer to hеlр you. ], The fUnds fol the Seed program WeIe (darky /emptily/ hopelessly)inadequate, 2, The ]oot (to/ ofl for)the eХtinction Was the modificat]on ofthe birds'habitat, з, The Winner shouted, "This cal15 fo] (celeblat n9 / а celebration / ce]ebration S)l" 4, After the ire, the diversity of plants Will return given ample (peliod / а9е / tiгпе), 5, The merits ofthe plantý exceeded (conidence /eХpectations/ hypotheses), 6, А flood wiping oL]t the crops Would Ье а Worst (model / state / case) scenario, 7, The Warrn, Wet sprln9 U tiгnate у caUsed а 5ur9e (Upl atl in)the insect population, В, The triba сеrеmоп]еs coincide (With / as / to) the beq nning ofthe соrп harveSt, 9, MUltip е storms Were the reason for the (low / bale / cheap) output offarms that year. ]0, The farmer opted (оп / forl to)a variety of r се With eХcept onaJres]stance to disease, I With а partner, make sепtепсеs about food issues with collocations from exercise D J Work with а partner. Discuss the questions. > The chaice of ге|tачlопts iп mу neiqhbarhoad is hopelessly inodequote. ,l, 2. PER50NAL Z NC When shopp]ng forvegetables, do yoU opt fororganic Varieties? Expla п, lп your opinion, what i5 the root ofthe Wor d hunger iSsue? з, Have you ever had а restaorant eХperience When the food, the Servlce, or someth]ng else Was inadeqUate? HoW about an eХper]ence that exceeded your eХpectations? t LiStening А Conversation about Food prices вЕFоRЕ LlSTENlNG РRlО R KNOWLEDGE !О' тhе dlifоrегсе a WorkWith а partnet Discuss thequestions, What are tо-д oo(siole lёа5ог> - Оu,.hdгl oe|ow, 'n thc Jгitеd 5tdle5 and 5'ngaoole ' p"ra"n,dge oI iг,оmе )репl on tooo ' ',uou,r" о",*""" 'Г" and the other countries shown? :, iliо, p",,"n"o" ог rоJr 'nco-e оо you or vouI [aml,y spend ог tood 2 lq the p"rceata9e ircieasir9 о, dec,eocln9] Fхоlа'П ur"io." ,"u,опS fol chan9e5 iп food prices? з, Whut Pelcent ofFamily lncome spent оп Fооd 6,1 Nigeria WHlLE LlsTENlNG Ll5TEN lN G FоR MAlN lDEA5 в ПФ issues, тhеп read the statements, Listen to а conversation about food NotG,ven, -t for-r True,F lot Fо!уе, or NG for infolmation Т plices, т iS affect]ng food prlces, 2. Есопоrпiс 5ucce55 ]п certain countnes т pushe5 grain prlcesdown, З,Тhе hablt ofeating meat and dairy Т aid for parts ofAfrica апd As]a, 4, GоVеrпmепts ale р anninglood Т shortages are а hopeless Situat]on, 5, Lucas feels the current food l. Em]ly 5ау5 there ale multiple Гactols affect]ng food choose F F F t t LlsTEШl]tG sKlLL Liste п ing fo r Sugg estions -ij"",1""r,o, *5о л" о ruo,, гld, р lhp,rdnqF, lo ,"";" ;;;;:;il,] .ЬiоqпЙ tr,"r" Klna, of5u9geSt]on5, !isten fol: . th" p,onoun, th"y,,o, ebody, sаmеопе + should,,y",!!.i:,'2::!::),2::::, :l}Ъ:ii:'.",ЁilХ';|л||iiйi|ii";iiьй,tЬ,,уt!?:,(::":::оу::::,]:_, ап agent (e,g,, rhjs рrоЬlеm : il?i:;il;Ё ;';;;,й,, biu",o, nba,, *nno;t rcol]y пееds to Ье solved.) 196 UNlT 1о LESýoN в NG NG NG NG NG I sп !ЕП Ljsten to four excerpts. For each, Wlitё the problem and suggestion you heal, ], 2. з. D П !E Preview the questions. Then listen а9а:п to the conversation. Take notes а5 you listen. Write по mоrе than thrее Words оr а numberfor еасh answer. LlSTENlNG FоR DETAlLS ], Whаldое5ЕгallуLrе evel5theba5iccaU5eof risinq 1ood |)ri(l\l 2. About how mUch cUltivatable farmland has Ьееп lost in the past 40 years? з, what kinds offoods do middle classes tend to eat mole of? 4, What amount of meat сап Ье prodUced With З,2 ki ogram5 of grain? 5, About what percent ofthelr са or]es do humans der ve floni 9rain? 6, What have some governments са led for to en9ure реор е have епоч9h food to eat? 7, Whlch contlnents may See arge аrеаs become deselts in the future? 8. Where do ýс ent 5t5 5ug9e5t increasing the quantity offood qrown? АFтЕR LlsTENlNG Е Work in а small 9rочр. Discuss the questions, cRTlcAL ТН lN KlN G: l. What are Some Spec hc trend5 in tood pr]cesthatyoU'Ve notccd? What сhапgе5 n А NALYzlN G the ava ab]lity of food have you noticed? 2, Where аrе the Vegetable5 and fru tS you eat grown? Where s the m-"at ra 5ed? Do yol] З expect the Supplies to remain Steady п the future? Ехр а n HoW has yol.]r d et chanqed over the years1 HaVe youl food cho]ces Ьееп affected Ьу yolrr income ol lilestyle? тнЕ FUTURE оF aooD 1r7 Speaking sU bjunctive verbs in rhdt %se We сап L]s То oive advice ]n а fоrгпаl context, Сlач5е5 with а subjL]nctive ve'b, Юrm hjqubt;nct've velo i' аlwdуs ;1 the Ьа5' iB best thot we slцto oul budget, Гаr 'ib"упаw, l think соuпtlу iлgLезьQоgicufturоl оutput,",оrn."nа tbot """ry , ёllа n,е,Ь, and е,Р'е,5lОГ, J5. а lлol L |oUsA л rh lnp Lb| lгL,iчеdIlёl '] .Verbsofadvice advise rcсаmmепd s'gge'l iпsЬt рrаро5е rcqOPst . ExpresS]on5 l! ,< imро|Oпt (lhal) , , ll i. es<enlia]-lha| . lt isviral (thot) . , . lt is сruсiо] (that) . , lt isbest fthot) .., . lt i5 imреrаtiче (thot) -, advisors to the president of,a smallisland Workin а small qroup. lmagine you are the letter апd Йпtуоч а letteraskino foradvice, Read l'"ii],l.iьЁЪ,"jiй;i in thot clauses, 'as u, you,un, U,",ubjunctive velbs ;;;";iion, ;:#;';;;;;; '> в cruciol thot we stop Usiпg mопосuhurе tt| апd increose сrор diver;ity! То Му Tnr9rca AaV 5оr5: r еа5е аdу 5е ве опhоw La aee\wilhlhe .^q, _ll l аа ro\bw|r\4\55ae5 lа^о,"'о,,"'о о,.l t a'Jaa" . vle пееd ttэ\etthe warld|!1avl aba|l aV dеliс а|5 аqr a\л5l5 h2vе v,.л cj\l,Jla praaacl5- d nr]r]gh 14 every уе2 r, , The aft\o\)nl af 1eifaoa caL,qhl аfойа lhе , Т о ,о , ']arlai5 ol i1]апd rе5l2llfд|l5, сап?lаlп\пq abo|tlhe q|a l! r Lrtr tion, fran hea'lh ?rablen5 aue lа Poor а5 а саrее, ,Ihele i5 а 5саrс\lу al уалq ?еорlе whа wanl p|f5rc lа,mп' , \9]ataers are 5affelin| 1 1ааk f а.Nаrd ta hеаr n4 yo|f Bluёb€rlieýdi5played atan olganicfalmerý ma.ket in Maine, UsA ,ýý 'nv "a a |able 5,Jq4ебllап5 РRОNuNСlАТlОN Reduced AuХiliary Phrases ПЕ Аuхlllаrу verbs, SL]ch а5 moda s or other he]pinq verbs, аrе commonly reduced, The vowels in these Unstressed Wolds reduce to 9chwa 7а,4, and certain сопsопапt sollnds are changed or dropped, Llsten to these examples, ) /'Iodav/ must have ) /'гплstач/ would have ) /'wodav/ may have ) /'melyav/ might hale ) / maldaV/ could hа\€ ) / kUdav/ Want to ) /'Wлпа/ 5hou dn't have ) / IodnaV/ going to ) /'qлпа/ wouldn't have ) /'Wodnav/ oughtto)/rda/ Supposed to ) /5ё poUsta/ couldn't have ) /'kUdnav/ ) / hёfta/ has to ) /'hesta/ have to Shou d have Note: In ca5Ual 9peech, the /V/ Sound lS often dropped from hove. tоr examp е, should hdче 9ounds like Jhau]da l/'IUde/). Е@ Read the sentences. Underline the auxiljary phlases,Then listen апd repeat the sentences. Notice the reduced рhгаsеs. ], could hаVе told you lt WaS going to lain, 2, They mL]st have raised the plice again. З, l'l have to qet 5ome next time, 4, l cou d have told you that. 5, someone rea 1у has to do Soгnething about ]t, 6, Would have brought home lambfordlnner. 7, And l сеrtаiпlу WoUldn't have had апу troLJb е buying rice| В. Wete gо]п9 to Ье in trouble, With а рагtпеr. practice the conversation usin9 reduced auxlllary phra5es.Then 5Witch roles and repeat. А: D]d you check out thefarmers'market on sunday? The Vegetab е5 Wele amazlng. В: l didn't know about it, BUt couldn't have gопе anyway, l Was studylng for а test, А: HoW did you do оп the test? Вi l could have done bettel, but l Was tired, l shou dn't have stayed up 5о ate, А: YoU know What might have helped? Blueberr]es ftom the farmers' market. В: B]ueberries? l don't know how those Would have helped, А: Well, theyte st]pposed to Ье reaIly good foI the Ьlаiп, В: Rea!ly? You 5hou d have to d me that before the test. l love blueberriesj FlNAL ТА5К Making а Formal Proposal YoU and your gloup members are рагt ofa government appointed tearn assigned to cleate а рrоgrагп to address а paгticularfood or nutritlon isSL]e,This Wil requke identlб7ing а popu]ation wth unmet nutritionalor oth,"rfood reated needs,indln9 SolUtions to rneetthose needs, апd preparing а proposalto ýUbmit to the appropr]ate qovernrnent аgепсу for approva, тн€ FUTUHE оF FooD 'l99 Wolkinasmallqroup.LookatthechartanddecidethepopulationyouWilltargetand you will provide, check your choice,, ,t irp"rbr " ""Ё""* tчпd5 to pUrchase food Food giVeaWay5 and di5tribut!on Eldelly lп community Llv]ng Sett]ngs Eldelly 1iving alone L]mited-income familie5/indiVidual5 Kitchen аррl]апсе5 and tools Assistance With food related tranSportatlon A55istance With food preparation ногпеlеss families/ind]viduals schoolchildren PeopleWith mobil]tyltran5poгtation orqanizing farmers' market5 i5SUe5 other: other: вRАlN5тоRмlNG inctude, With your 9roup, blainstorm information needed for each section, Read the foul sections that you r proposalshould iаЁ-, unJpr"pur"tr," ,lpt oT of,o,rr proo,o_], Provide ап overview: a|ve. bl',' оё\, l, оlоgldmп"еmр]lго to пррl, vv|E| 2, DescribetheproЫem:Whdl п"о,\j l),o \tr'P'd,opl оооUld'l()l, lvnР{\] о] d5l,\'d'lcёWlI ro,1 p,o/oe?Who ,pl 1epdl,,1рол л'| /oL ,о оi..riй iь" ,.l"ibn: Whai дr, lo, do ^ l i^ |he || ,Ф] lot,, |-о,л W,l, \oJ о чF е,ор, ' ;=.;; ;,;:;й;;l рrоD'6Фl оо, oJ ,,)оL"д,Wl, /о,,lёеd-mоп,, рёор'', ц, bescribe the resour<es needed: Wгаr oйmaterialsu How wiIthese resoulces Ье Lrsed? With vour qroup, рrераrе а presentation of your proposal to ап approp'iut" Ы;ffi ;i;;';fi b;a;..p,:1l Tiiii,iiij;:1fr the subjun(tive, and 5uppolt your loeas \л needed, уоuт presentation а5 PRE5ENTlNG present youl proposat to the class, After ёа(h group has the stronqest point in each proposal, l use in the гuture? 2, What aSpects ofthe modern food industry d fferently aftel finiShing thiS unit? do yollsee presented, discuss what was phrasesfrom the J, Here aretheVocabu aryWords and L]5e, unit, Сhесk (/) the опе5 you сап Dadvocate' Edrawback Е output' Eleýistance Eexceed Е Е ample Е Ьу mеап5 of П]nadeqLrateE Пrооt E]ntense' Е ScenarioE Е callfor EcoincideE Einvaluable Пskeptic Е surge Е cult]vate ПoffsetE Edetr]mental tr opt 2оо uN|T ro LES5oN в _,_ _ ":::ý;:}T:JT;:H REFLEcTloN ], WhlchSkil ]ntheUnitdoyouthnkyouW]llbeab]eto , lndependent Student Handbook Table of contentý Listen пq Ski s Note-Takin9 Skilb organizin9 lnfolmation Speakingl Соmmоп Phraseý Spea king: Phraýes fol Presentin9 Presentat on strategies Vocabu ary Buiding Strategies \ page20] ра9е 203 paqe 204 page 20б д ра9€ ?08 ра9е 209 ра9е 2] ] ра9е 2]2 l t ра9е2]3 LlSTENlNG S KlLLS Predicting Speakers qivinq folmal ta k5 usually begin Ьу introducin9 themselve5 and their topic. Listen carefully to the ]ntroduction ofthe topic so that you сап predict What the talk Wil beabout, strategies: U5e visualinformation inclUdin9 tit е5 оп the board оrоп presentation 5 des, Think about what уоч already know about the topic, Ask yourse fqUestions that you think the speaker.night answel. Listen for specific рhrаsеs that indl.ate ап introductlon (е,9,, Му topjci5.,,) Listening for Main ldeas t i5 impoltant to Ье able to tel the difference between а 5реаkеrЗ maln dea5 and supportin9 details, lt ]5 more соmmоп fol teacher5 to te5t understandlng of main ideas than of ýpecific detailS, strate9ie5: Listen carefully to the introdoct оп- Speakers оftеп State the main idea in the introdLrct оп, , Listen for rhetorical questions, or qoestions that the speakel asks, and then anSwers, often the answer is the staternent ofthe ma n idea, Not се Words апd phra5e5 that the Speaker repeats Repet t оп often deaS Listening for Details (Examples) А speaker olten prov]des example5 that sUpport а mа]п ]dea, А good ехаrпрlе can hе р уоu understand and remernber the ma n idea better, Strategie5: Listen lor specific phraSes that ]ntroduce exampleS, Listen for general statements, ЕхагпрlеS often follow general statements ANDBooK 2о1 Listening for Details (Сач5е and Effect) effects to 5Upport their idea5, Speakers Йеп give reasons or l]St cau5e5 and/or strategie5: -tuooi" . a's ht sig паl causes/reasons (e,g" foctol|, influences, nou nS causes, rеd5ол5) от consequences), tе.9,, еЙес ts, iesults, autcames, eЙectsZresu tB 'r,u' !а, аhе,l,,гЛцр_п, е dPrc!mine , , velb5 thdl m gпl siqnal (aL5es/Ied(on( e,q _,onoib,ae NоГсе р,о,duсе. rцчп ,п о, Бiесtс/IесU'lq Iоftёп llê,e dlp pd\( /e,eq"15dneL'poOy| understanding the structure of а presentation that Will the audience to impoltant information An oroun,r"d ,p"uk", ures expreýsionS to aLelt i( lndel5la'rd гоw а p,e,p'ttalinn ; g"aI wold, аго ol ,",еьw||геlруо, ';j;;;";;;";;q olganized and the relation5hip between idea5, lntroduction Д good a',oaua'o" the topic and giVeS ап idea of how the 'a"ntifies are some expressions to ]ntroduce а topic: wili Ье organized, Here lectule ol presentation Mytopici5.-- t'll Ье talkjпg obout . , , There are three lеа5оп5. -, There are bo|tcol]y two groups . -- Body Intheboclvofalecture'speaket5L]suatlyeХpandUponthetopic'TheyoftenUsephraSesthat Here are some :;;.j ;Ё;"; ;й;";вЪ, suЫорlс, and tt,eп relationShip to each othet flê bodv о[а'ect,JlF: ors to геlр "stепёL [o1,ow "iples. , Thte firstlnext/finol (point/reosan) is . дпоthеr rcо5оп , Fns|Next/F inolly, \et\ look ot , , , j5... сопс!ч5iоп What they have 5aid,They may also often sUmmarize lп the concluSion of а lectule, 5реаkеБ 'п the согс|Uпоп tо_9€т lhe me\ they а)л а oUe51,on )omel sLqqёqt|onc, ol maKe olediction( o,_rdience to Th,nk more aboJt lпе lop,(, hе,е ale some e\ple(slon( to 9 ve а (oIlL u\lul , lп 5чmmоrу,... Д5 yau соп see. . . То revierv, + (re|lotement af mаiп раjпl') Understandin9 Меапiп9 from context (poarel сd! , loL cdn (o-etime) gJF( , ll-e When voJ ale not idml' dl /v|tn " ,^,,о,о lhat d mе"п'поогtпеwо,о ol -'| intheqapsl], ng lгосопlе,l or5ilUdt,on,l,eStrategies, -'Joni pun;., You ao"'t а ways undeБtand every Wold ofWhat а speaker says in your first langLla9e, e]ther. jLl5t before orjuSt afterthe UsJcoitext ctues to ntt iп the blank5, What did you L]nderstand mi55ing part? What dld the speaker probably 5ау1 or expIanation (e,g,, Whdt thot l isten ior words апd phra5es that 5i9nal а definition m€dпJ ls,.,), 2о2 lNoEPENDENT ýTuDENT HANDBooK Recognizing а SреаkеrЪ Bias SpeakeБ оftеп have ап opinion about the topic they are discuss пg. tЗ importantforyou to know ilthey are objective or Subject ve about the topic. objectve speakers do поt express an орiпiоп, 5ubjective 5реаkеБ have а bias or а Strong fee in9 about the topic. 5trategies: Notice Words like adject]ves, advelbs, and moda 5 that the speaker u5e5 (e.g., ideaL horribly, ,hould, shоUldп't), These 5u9ge5t that the speaker has а blas, Llsten to the speake/s voice. Does he оr she SoUnd exc]ted, angry, or bored? Notice if the speaker 9ives more We]ght or attention to one point of vlew over another, Listen for Words that sigпа opinionS le.g., i гhlлk,.,), NoTE-TAKlNG SKlLLs Taking notes ]5 а personaLlzed skilL. ]t i5 important to develop а note takinq syStem that works for you, HoWeVeL there ale some comrnon 5trategies to improve your поtе tak]ng. BeforeYou Listen Fосч5 mind before the speaker begins so you can рау attention, lfpo55ible, revieW prevlous notes or think about What you а ready know about the toplc, Try to clearyour Predict fyou know the toplc of the talk, think abol]t What yoU гпi9ht hear' Listen Take Notes Ьу Hand Research 5Uggests that taking notes Ьу hand ratherthan оп а computer i5 more effective, Takinq notes Ьу hand lequlres you to sUmmarize, rephraýe, and synthes]ze infolmation, This he р5 you елсоdе the information, or put it into а form that you can underStand and remenrber Listen for signalWords and Phrases Speakers often USe siqnal Words and phrases (е,g-,Todoy wele qainq ta talk dbout.,,) to organize the]r ]deas and show relationships between them. L]st_"ning for siqnal Words and phrases can help you decide What information to Write in уоUr noteý, conden5e (shorten) lnformation n Аý yot] listen, focus on the most impodant ideas,The Speaker Wil Usua yrepeat,deine, eХplain, and/or qive eХamples ofthese ideas,Take notes on these ldeas, speaker: The ltaipu Dom provides obaur 20% of the electliciry used iп Brozil опd abour 75% af jtЗ the electricity Used in Poroguoy- Thot electlicity goes to millionsof hоmе| опd businesses, So gaod fоr the есопоmу of bath countries. r Don'tWlite fullsentenceý, Write опlу key Words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs), phra5es, or shоГ( sentences, F0 5епtепсе: Iedchers d rе поlmоllу at the tap af the list of happiest jobs. N olet t e а cher1 h aPPie'l NDEPENDENT ýTUDENT HANDBOOK 2ОЗ out information that is obvious, ...гutt,"nt"n.".pлotoqrapherAnnieGгiffrthsi5famausforherbeourjfu]phatagrophs,'he Leave tlovels ollayer the wаld to take phara\ I;rаvе|э world Notes: А, Gгiffilrh9 famo uэ lor рhаlоэl (9 bili Э57' Write n!mbels and statistics usin9 пчгпеlа!S, э) symbols (=, +, >, <, %, use аЬЫечЫiопs (e,g,, ft,, mln"yr)and *,'i";.in ideas on the left slde of the paper,Indent detail5, ;;;;;;;;, Benefrts of eoting чg]у faods sdvе 5 10 20% оп ug]у frLljts & vegs- ot mоrkеt yoLr lemember them, Wr]te detaiL5 Under keytennS to help Wolds, Wr]te the definition5 of important new You Listen After " апу detail5 you m]ssed, ,"on after the lecture or presentation, Add "*", v1,,Ih а , |а,\mdlё о| ted(hP" ( l,rlitv dnvth,'rq yoL dol i L.ldor)Io']d ln !oUI го|е5 or гд( е((аry mdiгidеd\,Сlо,5оL]lоеl],\lгdI dlFг t lmооrldгt ^joo ц'qr,9п' out|ine or other understand, Rewrite your notes in an Rewlite anyth]nq that ls haId to read ol tГР, ln[ol -a::;,l1; ,:;;]t ;,;.. ; о oI gdlйF opl weel'deJ< *:.;l" . Vlsu *"-"'", Й", | tjse arrows, boxes, dlagrarn5, oI other ""\1.1p\ oRGANlzlNG lNFoRMATloN |,_ .д1, ц.q о q,аргiс o,od1,/p, 1о IaLp 1ote) whl,e r'o J are '' ,te1 19, о, to o'odn|/e VouI '! ne\ "i", "оч,1,"",п".".,оmееtо-о,е,оlо,аог,'о,оо1|1F'5' l Flowcharts are used Б = --rh*up.."rr"r,or.uUse/ef caL]se lectrelationshipS, cauSe effect 1 l-ind aup, ,no* ,h" .on| ,ct:o1 оаIwеегl, corc ePTb 1he main I wirhbupport,rq ideaso,ld 2о4 lNoEP€NoENT STUDENT HANoBooK оеlа||сd,оuгd idea ]s usL]allyin thecentel @in ideasanddetails- То u5e ап outline fortaking notes, Write the main ideas atthe left margin ofyour рареa Below the гпаiп ideas,lndent and Write the sUpporting ideas and details,YoU may do this as you listen, оr qo backand rewrite your notes а5 ап outline later, l. lntrodUction: How 1rо tееdlhе wаrld l|. stePs 5tep Опе: Эlар аеfо.ебIrаtiоп л 51rар ЬOrпй9 ra пfо.еэt5 Ь, qrow cloP5 аf аfа 5 ze ot 9о||Ь Arae.ica T-charts согп ра re two top]c5 climate chan9e in Greenland Benefit5 Drawback5 5hofter wi|Ner' riaino 5еа |eve|9 Timelines shoW а seqLrence ofevents, ]350 Paзt 1ь92 ___ !у!! d"raaa aor"ra" * contrast two от more fu]pa! IlleOrre ll) ] ,] """" 5]miaritles, Dolphins mammal5 sharký liчё in ocean, have fiпs fish ] lNDEPENoENT 5TUDENT HANDBooK 2о5 SPEAKlNG: COMMON PHRASES Phrases for Expre55ing You15elf Likes and Dislikes Expre59in9 opinions ln mу opinian/view., - l сап't stond. . . lhote... l reolly dоп'l like . . . то mе,-,. Givin9 tacts There js ечidепсе/рrоаf. . . Exper ts с] о1 m/о l gue - -. SlOdiesShaw... Re\eorcher| fочпd. .. Therecold'haws.,- l daп't core far. . , GivingTip9 or 5U99estion5 lmpelotives (e.g,,Try ta get mоrе sleep) Yоuме should/shou]dn't, , , Yauщeoughtta... lt\ hat) а gooll ideola", l |uggest (thot) , , - Lеr!,., HaW obaul,-. + (поuп/gеrчпd) what obout,.. + (пачп/gеruпd) why dоп't we/ya' . . , YаOмесоuld.,. A9reeing ]ogreeTrue. Gооd point. Exoctly. ДЬ5аlчtеlу. l wos just about to soy that, Defrnitely. Riqht1 2об lNoEPENDENT sTUoENT HANDBooK Disa9reeing ldisoqree, l'm поt 5а surе obout thot. ТhаlЗ о gaod point, but l dап'l agree- l see whol you mеоп, but l think that Phrase5 fol lnteractin9 with others clariryin9/checkin9 Your Under5tanding Soarc уач sауiпq lhat,.,? Askin9 for clarifi cation/confi rming Undeгstanding sawhot you mеоп is..,? whot dayau mеап? Наwзthоt? ]'m поl sOre l uпdеr|lапd the que|tian. Sorry, l didn't cotch thot. Could уоч repeot it? l'm поt Sure 1uпdеlslопd whotyau mеап, Sarry, |'m поt follawing уоu. l'm nat sule l understond/fal]ow. Дrеуоч sауiпg that..,? Doyou mеоп,.,? ]f l чпdеrstопd carcctly, yoO're soying lhat. . . ]'m not |urе what yau mеоп. ah, поw l get it, Yaule tolking obout,.., riqht? checking others' U ndersta nd ing Asking foropinions Whotdayou thiпk? Does that make sеп5е? Doyou uпdеlstапd? Dayou see whot lmеоп? we hоvеп't hеоrd frcm уоч in о while. Da you have апуthiпg to odd? What оrе youl thought5? Дrе уоu fоllоwiпфwith mе? Doyou hоче опу questioпs? Whatbyaur орjпiоп? TakingTurns lnterrupting Politely Со п/Мау l say samet h i п q? Lxcuse mе- CaOld ]odd Someth]ng? Соп l Just soy. ., ? Fаlgjче mе for iпtеrrчрtiпg., l\loy]contlnue? ]hote ta iпtеrrчрt but... Сап lfrnish what ]was saying? Соп lsrapyau for а 5есопd? Did you frnish уоur thoughr? Letmefrnish. LеrЗ get back ta. . . Asking for Repetition could yau soy thot о9аiп? 5hoWin9lnterest lsee. Goad for you. l'm sarry? Reolly? seiausly? Nokidding! Wow, дпd? (тhеп whot?) ldjdn'tcotch what уо0 soid. |'m sorry. ]mЬ\еd lhat-Whot did уо0 soy? Соuld yau repeatthot please? That's fuппу / аmо.iпg / iпсrеdiЬlе / owful! '1NDBooK 2о7 l SPEAKlNG: Рн RASES FоR PRESENTlNG lntroducin9 aTopic l'm going to talk obout \Today we'rc goinq la tolk oboul - - , Mly topic is,.. I l NoйRiqht/soЩell, l'm 1oing lo yesent - . 1 So we're gaing to show you . . . \pause), /et3 /ооА ot l There ore three qraups/reosans/effects/ рlап ta discu's. . . I foctars,.. Let! srdrt With, ,. There ore fаш Steps iп this proces\. si9nalin9 ProblemS/solution5 Listing or Sequencin9 Fi|t/гirst af oll,Пhe ftrst hоuп)/Та Ьеgiп,... а пе proble m/ issue/cho l l епgе is 'furr/To Опе sal utian/a п swer/re 5ра п se is Sесопd/iесоп dlуПhе secan d/ Nехt/Дпаth е r/ д]|опhеп/lп odditjan,... Lost/The losr]Finolly,. . . Тhеге ore many/severolfthree types/kinds of/ Givin9 Rеаýопs ol causes Givinq Results or Effects Beaouse + (clause): вecou se the climote is l so + сhапgiпg... Becaure oF+ (noun ph ra 5е| BecaOse of c]imate ] tbe,etote. l lle,lle.r(el, дrdrеsult + (sentence) consequentlи + (5entence) l , ,adures + (поUп phrase) 5iпсе + (claU5e) ,,,/eods to + {почп phrase) The rcа|оп lhot l like hip hop is... | апеrcоsоп thot реар]е П5lеп to mu']с is.,. | Опе Fl]ator i5 + (noun phlase) /леIрlо,е / иелl /о lhe sуmрhопч. I сhопgе,., Due to + (nol]n phlase),,, (с auset so / went ta the Sуmрhапч - --hod ап mрасUеflесt ол + (noun phra9e) The mо]п rео5оп thot... Repeating and Rephra5in9 you пееd to lпоw Б. . |what Giving Examples ] Theflrst exomple iS.,. Неrе'5 оп ехаmрlе af whot l mеоп . , . l ll sav thls agoin .. I so аqоп, let mе rереаt. . mosr mро, tont роiпt ts Let mе give уа0 оп example , . . |The ...sOch as.,. l NDENT 5TUDENT HANDBOOK Si9nalin9 Additional Examples or Signaling to stopTakin9 Notes ldea5 Yau dап't пееd thli ror the te|t. Notonly...but Thisinforпotion i5 ]п уоur Ьоаk5/оп уой hопdачt/оп lhe Besldes.-. websile. Not опlуdо..., but al|o Yоч dan't hоче tawfte ol]thjs down, ldentiryin9 а side Track Rеturпiп9 to а Plevious Topic Gettinq back ta оur previous dlscussion,... Оп а different |ubject,... Та rеtчп toaul eoliertopic.., ОК, gettiпg Ьасkап topic,., sa to rеturп towhat We werc soying,... 5i9naling а Definition Talking aboutvi5ual5 Th Ь gra ph/ i п fog rc р hi.Jd i ag ra m Shows/ex р] о п 5 j dboyli m og е rc ие se пts... Whot thot mеоп5 is.., Th е l i п ar... The mоiп point afthis VisL1olis... Yau сап ,ее . , . Дпоlhеr way to say that i5 Frаm thlswe сап 5ее, . . Thot is... Thot j5 to 5ау... concluding То sчm up, We|l/Sa, thot\ how l9ee it. Дsуач сап 5ее,.-. дt lhe епd,,.. То review, (+ restotementofmoin роiпts) PRESENTAT|oN sTRATEGlEs YoU Will often have to give individUal оr group plesentations in yol]r clasS, The sтategies Ье oW Wi he р you to prepare, present, and reflect оп your plesentationS, Prepare As yot] prepare your presentation: consider Your Topic choose а topic уоч feel passionate about. lf you ale paSsionate about your top с, yoUr audience Wil Ье more interested and ехс ted about youl toplc, too, tосUS on опе major dea that you сап brlng to life, The best ldeaS are the ones your aUdience Wants to experience, NDEPENOENT STUDENT HANDBOOK 2О9 considerYour Purpose Have а strong start. U5e an effective hook, such а5 а quote, an intelest]ng example, nclude опе rhetorical qLie;tion, or а powerful mage to get your audience's attent]on, а sentence that ехр ainS What you Wl1l do ]n your presentation and po]nts, Avoid stay focused. Make sure youl detai s and examples support youl main yourtopic, yoll from away sidЁtrасks or unnecessary ]nformatlon that takes ]nfographics, charts, Use visua15 that aelate toyour ideas. Drawing5, photoS, Video clipS, Why, map),,,o.5,.ndp'rv>,alobi"rl'.dгo'tvoJ,d,Jo,nce)dtte11,o1dгoe\oloiг|ded) help your aLrd ence еffЁсtiчеlу, Fоr example, а photo or map оГа location yoLr rпепtiоп can plciure а place tпеу rrave пеvеr been. slides with on у key words апd phrases сап help bmphaslze your main points. ViSUals 5hould Ье bright, clear, and 5iгпрlе, pulpose аý а stronq Have а stlong conclusion. А 5Поп9 concLusion should serve the 5ame refel 5tart to get io0r аudlепсеъ attention and make thern th]nk, Good сопсluslопs often q(restion you а if ask tоr example, presentatlon, back to thъ lnirodUction, or beginning ofthe restate yol]I main in the beginn]nq, you сап answer it ln the concJUsion, RегпеmЬеr to points, and add а concluS]on dev]ce sllch as а question, а caL to action, or а quote, Consider your Audience р,l(F A)\voL, eJl\e\e Use familiar concepts. lh п, dooLl Ihe оеор,е l1loLI dLd n.",tions,Wb. . аrЬ Lг.\ -о-) rloл о d.lp lr ру? Wгdt \lnel,bd(tqloLnd'Wha'dol'lev lan9uage апd uti"uOy t no* ubout .У toplc? What lnformat оП do t need to explain7 Use concept9 they Wlll L]ndeБtand. sharea peisonalstory. consider presenting information that willget ап emot]onal curioUs, reaction;fol examp е, l;lormation that Wi make yoLrr audience feel 5Ulprl5ed, woпied, оr upset, Thls w]ll help your aUd]ence re ate to yoLr and your top]c, WordS that yolr know апd Ве authenti( (Ье yourýelf!). Write your presentatlon уоursеlf, Use ale comfortable uS]ng, Rehearse Make an outline to heIp yoLr organize yolrr ideas. wite notes оп notecards. Do not Write full5entences,just key Words and phra5e5 to help places to paUse, you lemernber important ideas. Malk the Words yoL] shou d stress апd about W]th Review pronunciation. checkthe pronunciat]on ofWoTds you ale uпсеrtаiп pronunciation ofdifficlrlt а cJassm;te, а teacher, ol in а dictionary, Note and practice the Words, Memoaize the introdrtction and (oncluýion. Rehearse your presentation sevela piactice saylnq it oLlt oudtoyourself(perhapsinfrontofamirrorolVideorecordel)andln front оl оthеб. t]mes, оп Askforfeedback. Note and revi5e lnformation that doesn't ioW 5mooth у baSed 1t]ll а phrases аrе feedback апd оп your own реfоrmапсе in rehealsal, lf Specific Word5 or ploblem, rephra5e them, Present As you present: Payattention to уочr pacing (how fast or 5lowly you Speak), RеmеmЬеr to Speak slowly апа clearly, pau5e to а low your audience to process informat оп, not too speakat а volume loud епоч9h to Ье heard Ьу everyone in the audience, but talk, of уоUr l;ud, A5k the audience if your Vo Ume is ОК at the Ье9 nning zto lNoEPENDENT sTUoENT HANDBooK l varyyour intonation. Don't speakln the 5ame tопе thloughout the talk, YоUr audience Wi ! Ье more lnterested ]fyour Volce rises and fa 5,Speeds up апd slows down to rпаtсh the ldea5 you ale ta king about. Ве f]iendly and relaxed With уоч, audience remember to smlle| show enthusiasm for your topic. Use hUгпоr ]fappropr ate. Have а relaxed body posture. Don't 5tand With your arms fo ded, or look down at yoUr notes, Use gestures When hе pful to emphas ze your points. Don't read di]ectlyfrom your notes. Use thern to he р you remember ideas, Don't look at ol read from youl visuals too mчсh. Use them to sLrpport your dea9. Make frequenteye contactWth the entire aUdience. Reflect А5 you reflect on your presentation: consider whatyou thinkwent wel|durinq your preSentation and What area5 уо! сап improve upon, Get feedback from уоur с asSmateý and teacher, HoW do their cornments relate to yolrr own thoughts about yoUr presentation? D d they not се th ngs уоu d]dn't? HoW can yolr Lr5e their feedback iп your neХt preSentatlon? PRESENTATloN oUTLlNE Whenyou аrе p]anning а pleSentation, you пlауiпd it helpfu to t]se an outline. lf it 5 а group presentation, the outline сап provlde an eaSy Wayto divide the content, Fоt example, опе stl]dent сап do the introduct]on, another student the first idea iп the body, and so оп. 1.1ntloduction Topic: Hook: Statement of main idea: 2. Body F Бt Step/eХamp e/reason sOpport]n9 details: Second Step/eХamp e/leason: 5upporting detail5 - Ih]rd Step/exarnp e/reason: sUpportin9 detallS: з. сопсlчsiоп Ма]п points to SLrmmarize SUg9eStlons/Predictions С osin9 comments/summary: - lNDEPENDENT 9TUDENT HANDBooK 21'l f PRoNUNclATloN GUlDE sounds and symbols сопýопапt5 symbol Кеу words hot, stop cat, ran fiпе, nice eat, пееd sit, him name, say get, bed счр, What aboUt, le5son boot, пеw book,.ould go, road law, Walk house, поw Symbol Keyword symbol Keyword lЫ ldl ldзl lfl |g| lh/ lk/ /l/ lml lпl Iq| lp| lrl ltl lЧ| iob, t]ridge lчl lwl face ly| 9о lzl hat Ьоу day ket car love my nine sing lбl lol l!/ lзl tea cheap vote we yes zoo they th]nk 5hое mea5uTe реп right toy, coin Soulce:IheNeWbUryHoOJeDiclionaГ|plusGrannolReferen.eFifthEdt]on'NatlonaGeographictearn]nq/ cen9ageLearnin9,20]4, The ,1Лh- о- Сг9l 5l^ irvolvec )|,ёý5 dпd pdJ( 1q, stress . English Words are based оп syllables-unlts ofsound that ]ncLude опе vowel sound, . ln every Word in EngliSh, опе syl abIe has the primary stress, of . lп English, speakers group Words that go together based on the mеапlпg and,context group, ib"sJ"i"nl", Тr,"r" g.up5 ofWords are called l houghl9toups п each thought tпе wltn ]able sy placed on the is stressedbore than the othels the stress ls on_" word рrimаry Stress ln this Wold, . ln 9епеrа, пеW idea5 and inforrnatlon are stlessed, Рач5iп9 . PaUses in EngJiSh сап Ье divided ]nto two 9roups: long and Sho't pauses, . EngliSh speakers L]Se long pauseý to markthe сопс usion of а thought, item5 choiceS 9iVen, in а liýt, or . 5hort paLJses aIe Used ]n between thought group5 to break up the ]deas ]n sentences ,-a,lel, -о,. mо.lаgеdD е t,lJгk5 o'II 'o'maao1 2't2 lNDEPENDENT sTUDENT HANDBooK ]nto lntonation English speakels use intonatlon, or pitch (the rise and fall oftheir Voice), to help expless mеапiп9, tоr eХamp е, 5peakers usualy use а ri5in9 intonation at the епd af уе5/по qUestion5, and а falling intonat]on at the end of иr'h- qUestions and statements. vocABULARY BUlLDlNG sTRATEGlES Vocabu ary еаrпiпg iS ап оп gоiпg process Тhе strateg es Ье oW Wil help уо! earn апd rегпеrпЬеr new VocabUlary Word5, Guessing Meaning from context YoU сап often 9uess the meaning of ап unfamiliar Word Ьу looking at or liSten пg to the Words and Sentences arol]nd it. Speakers usuaily know When а Word is unfaгnlliar to the aUdience, or ls essential to Undelstandin9 the mаiп ideas, and often provlde clues to its meanin9, Repetition:A 5peaker may u5e the 5ame key Word оr phrase, or U5e another form ofthe 5агпе Word, Restatement or synonyrn:A speaker may qive а synonym to explain the meaning oia Word, USlnq phraSes Such as jn other word' alsa called, оr.,., аЬо kпаwп os. Antonyms:A speaker.nay defrne а Word Ьу ехр ainin9 What it is NoT, The speaker may say Unlike А,/lп canrюst taA, В is.,. Definition:Listen for signa15 5!ch а5l,vhlch rпеол5 or 15 defлed о5, Definitions сап also Ье signaled Ьу а раO5е, Examples: А speaker may provide examples that can help you figure out What something 5 tоl eХample, MosaotJ drе а чеry populor morketinq too].YaO've sееп them оп commerciols опd iпоdsоп Sociolmedio cute, blightly cololed crealules that help iell а yoduct. ANDBooK 2!з Understandin9 Word Families: stems, Prefixes, and Suffixes L]sevoLrUгoe.(tdnol'l9o.5lem\p,ёh'"''and(Jlг.e.To.e\oQ,lzeL-]/arillal'WoldSdr.d ;;;;"; } ъе''еm пе loo оо, j ;:Ё;;;", .l ж; l": н: ;:1:.l1.;:т; ;1. meanlng, А prefix соrпе' b:P': the part of 'h:":L':."^;'"]"iti,,,й wold means'aqaLn"ol 'Ьасl"), А suttl* соrпе ""j "9,r.ri.r,й9еs dtlontodv;r;chanqe5ittoanoun),Wordsthatsharelhe sDeech (e,q,, addlng -lon,,i,oл, or ,u,ntfut, uneventfu], uпечепtfullу), word fа-Й llу \",6,, same stem оl root belong to the same "u"nt, anniVersaly, millenniUm chronological, 5ynchlonize сhrоп(о) flexible, reflection flex, flесt graph]cs, раrа9rарh qrорh 1abol, collaborate 1оЬ automobile, motivate, mover tran5port, import port sectol, blsect Ject dis- not, opposlte of diýappeal, diýadvantages incon5istent, immatL]re, ille9al, irlesponsible lnternet, internationa1 iпtеr between bad, badly, incorfectly mi5Undel5tand, m]sjUd9e pfehistolic, preheat rе again;back repeat;retum TansfeL tlansIate tюпs -oble, ible uncooked, uпfап Worth, ability -еп to cauSeto become;made of er, -or опе Who believable, impos5ible lengthen, strengthen; 9olden teacher, directol beaLltif Ul, 5uccessfl]l fullof simpliry, satisry to rnal.e or become -ion,-tian, -otion -ize mепt леJJ 214 lNDEPENDENT sTUoENT HANDBooK lcondition, occa5ion, education, foundation action Б@ modernize, 5ummarize lcallse l conditlon or result l state of being caIefUllv happily I assignment,statement l haooiness, sadness Using а Dictionary Here are some tips for Usin9 а dlctionary: , When you see or hear а пеW Word, try to 9uess its part ofspeech (поUп, verb, adjective, etc,) and meanlnq, then ook it up in а dictionaгy, Some Wolds have mU tiple meaning5. Look up а new Wold in the dictionary and try to choose the correct meaning for the context, Then see if it makes sense Within the context, , When yoU look up а Wold, look at а the defin]tions to see lfthere iS а basic core meanlng, This Wi 1 he р you undelstand the Word When lt is used ]n а different conteХt, Also look at all the related Wordý, orWords in the 5ame fam]ly,This сап help you expand youl Vocabulary, tоr example, the core rпеапiп9 of Jrructirre invo ves Someth ng bU lt or put togethel, stochrre /'stлktJ-/ ,. l [cl rbuiИi!8 оf.ду }ind:.l w,treh.E Ь Ьiла b/llt оп й. соп.,.2 |claay аrЕыt с,tпt оЬjфt of шу Ь!d| 7h. й1.1 Togel i, о |айо.r| РаfЬiол,ф!Е. З М tllc wзу рсrв зtl рч! to8.фct d Ф8!дiЕd: й. st ucw. olo,опglР Ьlriпсss'з { m -rultd, .lofing -mrв to р! lоgсtЬсl or orвrдizc wls of s,L| Уе оrр iмпIЦ а Plan to hire пс,а lachers4d_ i. .Еtr.mг.L Source: Ihe NeWbUry HoUJe D,сliэпоry plus Grоmmd Refelena Lealning,20l4 Multi-Word Units Youcan]mproveyourflUencyifyoulearnandOsevocabOalyasmUt wordunts: dioms (glo the extrd rnjle), со locations (и/ldе rdпgе), and fixed expre55 on5 (lп other,vo],ds), Some n,]Ulti Word units сап оп у Ье Undelstood aS а chL.]nk the ind v dual Word5 do not add up to the same overa l mеап]пg. Кеер Пack of mU tl word units iп а notebook or on notecalds, vocabulary Note cards You сап expand yoL]r Vocabu ary Ьу Using vocabUlary note cards or а vocabulary bUilding арр, Write the Wold, expresslon, or sentence that you Want to ealn on опе side, Оп the other, draw а four 5qUale grld and Write thefollowing information in the sq Ua res] defi п ition; tra nslat on (iп yo!r first angUage);sample sentence; 5упопуm5. chooseWord5 that are high frequency or оп the academic Word ist, lfyou have looked а Word Up а few tirnes, you should make а саrd for it olganize the cards in review 5et5 5о you can plaatice them, Don't put Word5 that are 5im]lar n 5pelling or mеапiпg in the same rev]ew set а5 you rnay get them гпiхеd up. Go through the card5 and testyourselfon the words or expression5,You сап а so practice W th а partner AN DBooK 215 t VOCABULARY lNDEX Word Ра9е to ]04 advocate ]84 14 afiuent affordable 4 ]з4 aid alalming 44 З4 а locate 194 ample апаlИiса ]64 anticipate 74 applicatlon 74 archaeologist u assemb]e ]04 associate 124 authority З4 autholze/ 4 accustomed ] aUthorbe Ье derived fiom 54 blame 24 uniqueto 14 144 Ьу leaps апd Ье to Ье boUnds Ьу means cal lor of сlаriб/ colncide с] с] с] с] с] с] с] с] с2 с] с2 detr]mental diaqnoSiý d]minish dbpace dlstinct diveБity dominant drawback ecology emerginq с1 с1 с] с] с] с] (2 en9ag_o in enrich envision ethical ethnic с1 ехh b]t 194 с2 с] ext nct с] с] с] с] floUrbh ]4 сопfоrm confront 94 con5ent 1]4 constitute 44 constructive 54 (to) с) 144 confidential 144 contrary descendant detect deteImine 194 component м contradictlon с] excessively comparativey ]44 competence Ы t Wo]d с] с2 ]84 colIaborate 14 consu сЕFRt Level 144 ]04 з4 controversy З4 cult]vate ]84 daydream 54 debatable 14 dedicated (to) 94 174 deepen 1з4 deoosit exclus]Vely fac]litate fч frllment / fUnd5 off-list qadget qenetic с] с] с] с] с2 с] с] с] habitat hardship heritage hypothe5b Cl с1 off-llst с] с] с] 216 vocABULARY NDEx impact ]mpl]cation impose inadequate inevitably inferiol ]nfluentia1 initiate Page СЕFR Level Page СЕFR' Level Word 84 с2 ]54 с] 124 с1 ]84 с2 144 L2 94 с] 94 с] 44 с1 ]]4 с] ]4 с] ]84 с] 94 с] 74 с1 ]04 с] ]4 с] 1)4 с) 74 (] 44 с1 174 с2 ]4 с] 44 с1 ]94 с] 114 с2 innate innovat]ve 4 с] 54 С] insert ]nsiston ]04 с] integrate 54 С] ]84 с1 intense ]34 с] interest interfere 94 с1 internal]zel ]4 off, Bt 44 с] 54 с1 24 (1 64 с1 ]]4 с2 124 с2 4с] 144 с] 84 с] 24 с1 ]]4 с] ]]4 с) а4 (2 84 с] 124 с1 74 Ll 24 L] 194 сl фс] 174 с] 14 с1 з4 с2 intelna i5e intuition 164 с2 invaluable 184 с] isolated ]04 С] keep trackof 1А4 С] С] labor/ Labour ф leqвlation 94 С2 Livelihood ]4 off liýt 164 С] logic 74 с1 mass maximlze/ 4 с2 ] 1]4 с1 merit 84 с1 migrate 24 С1 modify и с] monitor 1Ф С] паmеlу з4 с] neglect ]34 С2 пепе9g 174 с1 nolm 84 с] notable ]54 С] noti6/ nutr]tional ]54 с] objective ]64 В2 ob5olete 174 с] ]84 С2 offset 24 С2 ongoing ]94 с] opt 124 С2 outook 194 с2 output ]з4 с] overdo overwhelming 94 С] perceive 44 С1 perspective 84 С] per5\]asive 54 С1 peltain (to) & off lБt рогtаЬLе 74 С1 Word plactical predator preservation principle prioritize/ priorit]se productivity prorninent promBing pUrsUe radica rank ratio regUlate feluctant leminder renovation repetitive Page СЕFR' Level Wo.d ]54 54 з4 ]04 34 ]04 4 replicate 114 off]вt resistance ]84 с2 resolve ]54 с] restrict 14 с] letain 64 с2 loot 194 с] 4 С2 scarcity scenalio ]я С2 64 с] sectoT security 124 С] sedentary ]54 С2 seemingly ]З4 С] skeptic/sceptic ]84 off-l]st 164 off-list Spatial status 24 с1 stem from 174 с] stloll 4 с] subjective 16Д С] subsequently 84 С] substantially 54 с1 superior 174 С] 194 с] surge sustainable З4 с] с] с] с] с] off ist с2 off]ist ]54 с] 74 с2 64 с1 124 с] ]54 с) ]04 с] 174 с] цс1 ]4 с] цс1 4с] 1ц с] ]34 с] 4с] ]54 с1 Page cEFRi Level Word Ра9е СЕFR Level tendency threaten thrive 144 с] )4 track ]54 transaction ]з4 transition ]04 174 с] с] с2 с] с2 с2 с] с] с] с2 unqUe5tionably upkeep 54 с1 з4 vefba1 164 164 124 с2 с2 с2 с] с2 24 tribal 94 ult]mately 114 undeniable undertake з4 vice versa virtue vBuallze/ ] ]4 u ]& ofl l]st visUal se Well-be ng 124 Wde5pread 64 W ре olt Withdraw 24 ]з4 с] с] с2 с] +тhе соmmоп EUropean Fra mework of Rеfеrепсе for Lan9uages (СЕFR)Ь ап nternatona ýtandard fordescribing lап9ча9е proficiency, Pathways Level 4 ]s intended for ýtudenБ at СЕt R eve] С ] , Тhе ta rget Voca bulaly ]5 at t he fol owing сEFR lеvеl5: These Word9 are on the дсаdеrпiс Word List (ДWL), The AWL iý а l]ýt ofthe 570 h ghestieqUency academ]c Word families that reqularly appear in academic tехБ,Тhе AWL Was comp]led Ьу rеSеаrсhеr Aver lcoxhead based оп her апаlуýЬ ofa 3,5-mil ion,Word corpus (coxhead, 2000), vocAB(]LARY lNoEx 217 r RU BRlcs UN|T 1 Lesson В LessonTask check (4 ifthe pre5enter did the followin9: а city and its causes ]. desclibed а problem affect]ng pou,b," ,o|Lllonq to tпА р,оЬ,рr- БЬr^о iidьсiЪ",о "r,о о, the rbpi, iгчоdLсе addl'londl а,ре( ls 4, diVided the ple5entation appropriately 5 sooke clearly and at an appropllate расе 6 llled aDoropriate vocabUlaIy -бчвпдr_t- пдтtt,lс ь,, l., l_ |л$,.\l ý.n|ohes| п D п tr п a ra tr п 2з 4 + п ъ ]- п + Notes: UNIT 2 I -r I+ п п п tr п п п 45 ; 12 з45 т Lesson В FinalTask check {/) ifthe pre5ente15 did the opp,op''at' ,Jpoo( Ilp,ov,deo followin9: п 'г r"vol о/ ol dоd,'rЫ the ar9ument 2, responded to arguments appropriately з. debated for three tofive minutes 4,spoke clearly and at ап appropriate расе 5, used appropriate vocabulary OVERALL BAT|NG Note: ] = lowest; 5 = highest п ---г 123 Notes: L tr п п п п п D п з45 4 5 L 2з l UNlT з Lesson В FinalTask check (7) ifthe presenter did the fo!lowing: i described fashion tlends iп а part]cuJar ocation ]n detail 2. disp]ayed appropriate Vist]a 5 З, ol9anized the presentation applopr]ately 4, paraphrased new or diffrcolt information 5,spoke clearly and at ап appropriate расе 6, Used applopr]ate Vocabulary OVERALL RAT|NG Note, l-lowe5t:( - |'ighesl п п п п п tr D п п D п п п п tr Е tr 2з45 ,a# п п ч п п п п п tr tr tr Б в tr tr ,, ^, Notes: UNlT4 Lesson В LessonTask check(4 ifthe presenters did the following: ], descl]bed а soclal media platfolm апd its hlstory 2, discuSsed the advantages ofthe platform and how it .omoares to others з, evaluated the platform in terms ofitS effect оп olobalization and it5 fUture prospects 4, c!ar]ied telms/idea5 Wlth definitions 5, spoke slowly and confidently 6, used appropliate VocabUlary OVERALL RАТlNG Note: ] = Lowest;5 = hiqhest Notes: ]l] ]45 2з4 9 tr i l п tr ; UNlT5 Lesson В FinalTask check (/) ifthe presenters did thefollowing: ], explained the апiгпа migration cleally п п п 2, d]splayed а time lne ol the animal ml9rat]on п п п 3, hanc]led audlence que5tionS appropriately п п п п п -_ U п п п 4,spoke с earlyand at ап appropliate расе 5, used appropriate vocabu ary з45 OVERALL RAT|NG Note: l- |o\,\pq':5 - пiglе\l 2з 2з45 4 Notes: L UNlT 6 Les5on В FinalTask check (7) if the presenters did the following: ], described а current пadition in detaiL 2, organized ldeas effectively З U5ed rhetorical question5 appropliately 4, USed stlategies to appear conбdent When 5, Used appropriate п гj tr п п п tr п чосаЬч]аrу OVEBALL RATlNG N.te, ] = lowest: 5 = hiqhest Notes: speakin9 п 2з 45 г- I ] ] __L 2з o rl, п -]- t -l UNlT7 LessonBFinalTask check (4 ifthe presenter did the following: ' г,рqрrtеd а оа anced oLdgl_ п п п l de,.,,beo d рlа1 to |еоаY Tlê \liегт\ debl п tr п п п п tr п tr п п п 2345 2з45 2з45 п п п п п п п a п tr " п п п tr п З,, Used appropliate connectors to olganize ideas 4 5Done cleallv a'ld d[ dп aop,op"ate od(e 5, U5ed appropriate _ VocabU]ary OVERALL RAT|NG Note: l_|owesl:\ - higl-Pqt I Notes: _L UNlT8 Lesson В Fiпаl Task check (r') ifthe presenter did the followin9: ], descr]bed а health/frtneSs technoLogy plodUct 2, emphasized З. disc055ed important information the positlve апd negat]ve asse55mentS ofthe orodL]ct 4, presented а pros and cons chart for the produd ]j "d ou",y]::j111119:T" 6, ч5еd appropriate vocabUlary OVERALL RATlNG Note, l = owest:5=hrqheSt Noteý: п п + 2з 45 l 2 з4 1]] ,, ^, f UNlT9 Lesson в FinalTask che(k (,/) ifthe presenters did the following: ffi"yrolu", and/orwho they benefit 2- discussed hi5/her pelsonalexperience With and/or op,n,ons ol the l'е l,ac[q 3, Used appropriate 9e5tUles 4.spoke сlеаrlу and atan appropriate расе 5, used appropriate vocabulary OVERALL RAT|NG Note:] = lowest; 5 = h ghest п п п п п п п п п tr п п tr п п 2з45 ] 2з45 12з45 9 п п п п tr п п tr п п tr Е Notes: UNlT r0 Lesson В FinalTask check (") ifthe рrеsёпtеrs djd the followin9: ] ехр а ned how the proqram Solves а ртоЬ em 2. described the resources needed to implement th_д I program З.5uрроrtеd ldeaS With otheБ'opinlon5 Whеп approprlat-" 4,5poke clear]y and at ап approprlate расе 5, used appropriate VocabU аrу + tr ] tr ,r,.rТ,r,., OVERALL RATlNG Note: ] = owest;5 = h]ghest Notes: ll ll 2з45 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Тhе AuthoБ and РUЬlЬhеr Would ]ike to acknow edge the IеасhеБ around the Wor d Who participated in the deve opment ofthe second Aspecia thanks to our AdVBory Board for then valuable input during the development ofth s ser]es, ADV|SORY BOARD Mahmoud AlHosni, Modern Со egeofBus]nessand Scien(e, Muscatj safaa Al-salim, KUWa]t Univelsty, KuWa tcity; Laila AlQadhi, KU!,va t UniveБity, Kulva tcity;Julie Bird, RM|T U niversity Vietnam, Но ch М nh city; Elizabeth Bowles, virqinia Tech LanqUaqeand cU|tU re n5t tute, В ack5burg, VAi Rасhеl Bricker, Arizona state Universit, Tempe, AZj James Broadbridge, ],l Oberlin UniveБity, Tokyo; Marina Broeder, МВ5 on Со ege, santa clara, СА, shawn campbell, Hangzhou High School, Hangzhou] Trevor Са rty, Jarneý cOOk UniveБity, siпgароrе; Jindarat De vleeschauwer, chiang MaiUniveб ty, ch ang Mai]wai-si ElHaýsan, Plince Mohammad В п tahd UniVeБ]ty, Dha h ran] Jennirer Fаrпеll, UпlVеБ ty of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, СТ; Rasha Gazzaz, King AbdU aziz t]niveБity, ]eddah; Keith Graziadei,santa Monica college, Santa Monica,cA,Janet Har(lerode, santa Monica СоrпmuпitуСо ege, Sanla Мопса, СА; Аппа Hasper, Teacheilra п, Dubai;Phoebe KamelYacob Hindi, AbU Dhab Vocational Edu(at on andTraining ln9ttute, AbU Dhab; Кчеi-рiпg Н5ч, Nationa Tsing HUa UniveБity, Hs]nch u; Greg Jewe|l, Drexel Univeбity, Ph ade ph а, PA;Adisra Katih chu alonqkorn U n]vers]ty La nguage lnnitute, Bangkoh Wayne Кеппеdу, LaGOa rdia community Со ]ege, Long s and С ty, NY Beth Коо, central Р еdrпопt commUn tyco ege,charotte, Nc;Denise Kray, Bridge SchOOl, Denver, СО; chantal Kruger, lLA Vietnam, Но ch М пh citrwil|iam Р. Kyzner, Fuyang АР center, FUуапg, Becky Lawrence, Massachusetts nternationa Academy, Mal bolouqh, МА; Deborah M(Graw, Syracu5e Uпiчебitу, syвcuse, NY Mary Мооrе, UniveБity ofPUertO Ri(o,5ап JUaniRaymond Purdy, ELs LanqUage centeБ, Pr псеtоп, N.]; Anouch ka Rасhеlsоп, М arni Dade Со ege, М am , FL; Fathimah Razma п, [] п vels t Utara Ма aysia, S ntok; Phil Rice, U n]versity of Delaware EL], NeWark, DE]scott Rоч55еач, fuпеr can Unlvers ty ofShaljah, Shaljah;vema santos-Nafrada, К пg SaUd Uп verý ty, R уаdh; Еч9епе sidwell, American ntercon ]nstltute, Рhпоm Penh]Gemma Thorp, Monash Univeб]tyEnglsh Languaqecentre, Ме bourne; MattThurston, Un чеБ ty ofcentra] Lan(a5hire, Preston; Сhristiпе Tierney, HoUston community coleqe, Houston, ТХ; Jet Robredillo ТопоgЬапча, FPT UniveБity, Hanoi GLOBAL REV|EWERS AslA Antonia cavcic, Asia Un]vers]ty, Tokyo]soyhan Egitim, Tokyo Un чеБ ly ofSc епсе, Tokyo;caroline Hand|ey, Asia LjniveБity, Tokyo; Patrizia Hayashi, MeikaiUniveб ty, UrayasuiGreg Holloway, UniveБity OfKtakyt]9hu, К lakyushu; Anne С. lhata, Musashino l]п VеБ ty, TokyoiKathryn МаЬе, А5lа Un veБlty, Tokyo;Frede.ick Nav.rro Bac.l., Yokohama city l]n veбit, Yokoharna; Tyýon Rode, Meika LJniveбity, Uraya5u, scott shelton-strong, Asia Un чеб ty, Tokyo;Brooks slауЬачgh, Yokohama cty Univelsity, Yokohana; susanto sugihartq sutomo Senior H]gh 5сhоо, MedaniAndrew zltzm.nn, Unvels lyofKlakyushu, l(itakytrshu LAT|N АмЕRlсА ANDTHE cARlBBEAN RaUlBillini, Prolingua, Dominican RepUb ic; Aleiand]o Ga.<ia, Со egio Marce па, Mexico]Humberto Gчечаrа, Тес de Montetrey, aаrпрUý Мопtепеy, Mexico,Romina U п verý dad ol9a Рlапаý, centro cultUral ParagUayo AmelicanO, PalagUaIcarloý Ri(o-Troncoso, Pontifrc а ]aver апа, Со om bia; lаlё schetty, Enioy Englвh, Brazil] Аllпе slmoes, Way То Со Pr vate Eng 9h, Braz ; Рач lo cezar Lira Torres, АРепg 5h, Brazi;Roýa Enilda vasquez,swisher Domincana, Dominican Repub c]Terrywhitty, LDN Langlage School, Brazil, MlDDLE EASTAND NORTH АЕRlСА susan Daniels, KUWait l]n]veБity, KUWait Mahmoud Mohammadi Khomelnl, SokhaneAshna Lan9Uage 5choo, kап;Мu9е Lenbet Кос LjniveБity, Turkey;Robert Anthony Lowman, Рriпс€ Mohammad Ь п Fahd UniveБity, saudi Afa Ь аj simоп Ma(kay, Prin(e Mohammad bin Fаhd Uп ч€rý ty, saudiAraba, USAAND CANADA FrankAbbot Houston comm unity colleqe, Houston,TX; HosseinAksari, Bilinglal Educat оп n5tluteand Holston com munity college Hounon,Tt sudie дllеп-непп, North seattlecolleqe, Seatt]e, Wд;sharon дlliе,5апtа моп са cornmuntyco egeSanta моп са,сд; JerryArchei oregon Sйte Universty,corva s, oft Nicole Ashton, central Р edrnont community college, cha rlotte, Nc; Barbara Barr€tt, Univeбity of Mia mi, Соrаl Gab е5, EL Maria Bazan-Myri(k HoUstOn community Со ege, Houston, ТХ, Rebecca Beal, Со eges of Mar]n, Kentiie]d, СА] Mar|ene Beck, Eastern Mich qan UniveБity, Yps ant , Мl; Michel|e Bell, U п чеб ty of Southern Са fornia, Los Дпgеlеs, СД; Linda Bolet, HoUston commUnity colleqe, HOUnon,TX;Jenna BolIinger, Eastern Michigan Un]veБity, Ypslant], Ml; Moni(а Boney, HOUston com munity Соllе9е, Houston, TX;Nanette Bouvier, RlrtgeБ l]n чебtу Ne!,va rk, Newark, NJ; Nапсу Boyer, Gо den West col ege, HUnt ngton Bea(h,cA; Lia Brenneman,l]n Velstyoftlolida Enq ýh LanqUaqe п5t tute, Gainesvi е, FL;colleen Brice, бrand valley state Univelsit, А епdаlе, М ; Kristen Brown, Massachusetts lnternat]ona Academy, Ма r borough, МА; Philip Вrоwп, l-]ouston Соmгп Unity AcKNoWLEDбEMENT5 22з е, WA; Emily Со ege, HOUston, ТХ; Dongmei Сао, 5ап ]ose c]ty Со е9е, Sап JOse, СА, Molly МсРН5 ii".i, ir," rl"М.l5,уЫЬ"sаs, Lawrence, KSlLuke Coffelt, пtеlпапопа Engbh centel, Botlde| со Wi|liamе, сТХ]соlе-Frепсh, B]lingua condon, LUcy HUnбv Universty, HoUýton Stat€ Sam lnnituteat Language unM"ir,y, Bouon, ЙП,СЬ"rlеs Соl5оп, Enq bh V rgin а ТеСh Languaqe а nd nd Юw, Da ý, ]N; Сhа7l€ п е пd ana ndia na, lnternexuý ро iaucaloil' nst tute, Houston, тх; Janice Crouch, college, Wenm nster, СА; Marta Dmytrenko-Ahrabian, Wаупе cU tUre lnstitute, Blacksburg, VA; Loreкa Daviý, coanline cornmunity Сhепеу, l] n velslty Ot Washington, S€att ntelnat onal Епq lrh centel, iЙt" uni*"ity, O"t,oit, М l Воппiе Duhart, Hou5ton com mU п ty col eqe, Houston, ТХ; Каrеп Eichhorn, Moni(a, cД]Jennifer Evans,l]n]Vels ry of Wбhington, seattle, WДi ВоuЙеr, COlTiacey Гltb, Santa Monica Community college, santa St. coLrd State University, 5t, cloud, MN;Ke|ly Мопtiiо Fink, Eagerland, R'hoda EdL]cation lnstitute, Ноustоп,ТХ; Маrlа Ewart, Bili;gua ri,k*"Jl"Й.*iiу СЫЪqе, cedar Rapids, LД;Сеlеýtе Flowerý, Un чеб]tу OfaentlaIДrkanras, СопWау, ДR]КIrtis Foster, MБýoulislate BoU der, iасhеlGаrсiа, В ngUalEducation lnnitute, HoL]ston, ТХ;Тhоmаs Germain, Un]veбity OfcOlolado u"""Йio,rqi"i, eqe, LoWe tyco MiddlesexcommUn Glazer_weisneq Fа rfах,Vд;маrilуп "О, Uп чеб ty, n а lnternation; й""lа"i,'ёсj, o"i da, Sanford, , "сrrБъ,Vпg Gous5a kova, 5егпiпоlе State col ege of tlоr МД; ДmЬеr Goodall, soLrth Piedmont Lom mUnfy colleg;, challOtte, Nc] Katya Меrсеl county comrnUnity coIleqe, Weýt Windsor TownshLp, Hampton, TXiTherea Гi;jаiе C.unaao, T"*s Stale l]пiчеб ty, San Marcos, NiJane напsоп, Univerýity of Neblaska Linco]n, L]nco n, NE;Laufen Heather, LjniveБ]ty Of теха5 at San дпtопiо,5ап дпtоп]о,тх] Со ege Of SIаtеп s and, staten l5La пd, NY; Beve.ly Jап nette Hermina, cam рЬе sville lntemationa Language centel , southiie d, Ml; Tim Hooker, МД] Kristin НоmчЙ, iobbs, 'uп*,iпу,С ark University, Wolcerter, of BridqepOrt, Br]dgeport, UniveБity L. Howling, ]D;К"rеп Po.,t.llo, LJniu",rlty, Stat" i.rpMrr" i", Ky;Raylene Houck,ldaho Mon са, Соmmчп tycoLege, santa Мопiса, СД; Дпdrеа Kahn,Santa Мопiса СоmmUп tyco ege,santa Sagin;W Valley state l] п Vеб ty, Saginaw Ml; Gail Hernandez, it siarbn bite, Ъпu Monica Ма rlbolouq h, МА] Mandy Ка ma, Georgetown СД; Eden Bradshaw Kaiser, Massa(huýettý nternationa Дсаdеmу, U п Vers ty, Waýhin!]ton, DC;AndreaKaminski'l]nVeБtyofMichiqan-Dealborn'Dealborn'M;PhoebeKang'BlockUnveбty'onW]O;Eile€nKramer,Boston Durham, NH;Janet Langon,Glenda е community college, unlu",rity СГLОе ЫооИ.", МД; R;сhеl LасЬапсе, UniveбltyoiNeW Напrрsh]rе, Са forn]a State L]niveбity,l-U е(оп,СД;Неlеп s, Mays Еsth€ r Lee, Hou;ton, ТХ, Gепdа е,СД;Frапсеs LeGrand, LJniveБ ty of Houston, fiiverCoege' Sacramento, cA;Dhammika LiУапаgё' American Limmaneepraselt' Lefal, дmеr]сап Learninq nntute, Dallas'TХ; oranit ege,san{a Mon]ca community college, CA;Ari commUn]tyco пtа l\,ion ca mer, 5а Бirinq;a Гdu.tion rnrtrtute, HOUnon, ТХ; Emily lod ОН; Undarmaa Maamuujav Са forn]a State Dayton, чеБ ty of Dayton, kas, L]n Lч i"pir, Й"П.." b""I"q bniiute Dalbs, тх; N ichole Ni UgatUck Va еу community co]1ege, Majeýki Melanie ble5, tL, cOlal Gа of Мlаm!, niu"B ty, Lo, ЯпqеЪs, Са-; oiane Ма hin, t] n]VeБ]ty u Йчt",Б",у,ir Juiy М-".со, 5апtа Monica com;U п]tу Со ege, santa Monica, СА] Мч rray М_(Маhап, Univers ty of А berta, А Ьеф] tБbulgh, РД; cynthia Miller, Ь"iiй'iм.йчuiу,ln *,5tyofNebraska omaha,om;ha, NЕ;sчzаппе Meyer, UniveБ]ty of Р tБburg h, РHouston commL]n]ty Со е9е, Miraglia, TX]Gwendolyn HoUstOn, college, corn munity BПunJCoL"qe, Оаlаr,ТХ] sa;a Miller, Hounon Boulder, BoU del, aololado Of Un]ver9ity ms Moorq Ruth Willia der, aО; centel, BoU Hounon, ТХ; Йtiе Mitch€ll, lпtеrпаt]опа Enq sh СА] stephanie Glendale, ty Со е9е, com mun G enda е Navarro, Sandra Houýton, ТХj СО; Бtiу ltaian, Houston com munity Со еaе, Sa пtа Моп са Nig htingale, Melody СТ; Bl dgeport, Bl dgeport, п чеБltу of U ttoom Bbston Unrverы tv, Во5tоп ]vА, ва rbara Niemczyk, ДLrst п СопrmUп]tу oliver, Kimberly СA; Lо5Дпgеlе5, Дсаdеrпу, а LangUage Мопlса,СД Дlissа olgun,calLforn l"'.."",iy iЫr"q", '""i" Оl5оп, lnternationa Ёпq sh Сепtеr, Bou der, СО; Fеrпа nda ortiz, U пVеБ ty of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,loel l;tln, Ti; it"r"n iot М ch gап Dearborn, "q", Ыw.rhiпgtоп, Seatt е, WД Erin Pak,schooklaft aolleqe, L Vопiа, Ml;GeriPappas, Un veв ty of ОrЙi.Ь.uпi*о',у Patnaik, МаБhа l]n]veБ]ty, HUntington, WV]Mary Dearborn, Ml, Hea;or Paterson, Erie Соm mUnity colleqe, BuffalO, NYsumeeta гeacock'Bchlandcotleqe'Daa5'TX]KathrynPorter,UniveБityofHoUstOn'HoU'tOn'TX]EileenPrince'PrnceLanqudgeдýýociates' Rаmm, Мiсhigап state l]nVeбlty, Ean Lansing, Newton Н ghands, МД;Йаriпа Ramirez, Houston соmmUп tyco е9е, HOUston, ТХ; Laura Br]tish columb а; sydney Ri(e, NeW Westminne. е9е, Со Reimer, Douglas FL cyndy Tam or south Floiida, Йi cii пе"Ь9, uпiчеъitу'"'lp"ria ра, tL] М;rсеr UniveБity, Масоп, GД;Неlеп Е. Roland, M]amiDade aо leqe, Miami, *p",i.iViiЪ'y Ь bg", , СД; Lуппеttе Robso;, Теха, st;te Un vеБ ty, san Maria Paula carreira Rolim,southeast М 9sо!п State Un]VeБty, capeGnardeaU, МО; Jill Rolston,Yateý, eqe, seattl€, WД]Jоhп schmidt seattle centra Marcos, TX;David Rоss, Hou5ton Соmmuпilу college, HOUnon, iX; Rachel scheiner, _co Shаdьчrп€. дU5tiп community tt] Erika Gab]e5, м am], cora of UniveБity bchueman, г"trоь B.9,am, дuпiп, тх; M;riah Des Мо!пе5, WД William ege, Highllneco oýha sky, Houston,ТХ; СоrЙЪ", Д*t n, ТХ; Mubai shamsi, Houston СоmrпUпtycoleqe, Hilbbolouqh Smith-Palinkas, Nt]Barbara tinco п, Lincoln, of NеЫаskа U;]verý]ti U"".Ыtу оrЪ*r, ДUПiп,ТХ;Таkаkо smith, of МБsоU r], colLr mЬ]а, MO]Mary;.Evelyn sorrell, Bilinqua EdUcation lnstittlte, i"* йп*l* Sbil, io.run,ty Cotl"g",Tu.pu, FL;Paula snyder, Unveбity Ho"ito"Ti, iriri"n Л"чЯ"r, lntefnatio;al Eng ]ýh cenier, Boulder, со; christina stefanik,The Lan!]Uage Соmрапу,Тоedo,ОН;cory_ Tom sugawara, Univeбity Of stЙrt, uniueБПy оr Houston, HOUston, ТХj l;urie stusser-McNeill, Highline Со е9е, Des Мо пе5, WA] ofco orado BoU del, Boulder, сOi UniveБity sullivan, MO]Mark columb а, м ssour], йur,bingio", s".i Ё, wд,s"rа sulko, Un Vels ty of Olivia i;;o, Boston UniveБity, Boston, МД] ДmЬеr Tal|ent, UniveБity of NеЫаskа Omaha, Огпаhа, NEi Amy Tate, Rice UniveБity, HoUnon, state Со eqe, Fort Муеб, FL; Дппе ust Ду" С. Ti".ob, В ng Ual E;U(at]on nst tUIe, HoUstOn, ТХ] Troy Tucker, Florida Southwestern дпd rea vasquez, iio"n, su**.b соiъq" оr дrt апj Derign, Sava п паh, Gд] м ichael vallee, lnternat]onal Engl sh centel Boulder, сOi vendeville, мачfееп Ed nbUrgh,TХ; Valley, R]o Gjande Ljniveбity ofTexas U'пП",siфоrSоutr,е,п Йа ne, Portbnd, МЁ;JоsеЧаsqчеz, Nac опаl LjniveБided vi|larreal, Мli Дdriana n Verý ty, Rochester, U oakl;nd v;rvinck, savanna h, GДj Melissa S"".""ii i"Й.iC" "q., cO;Mer@des Wilson-Everett, HOUston дUtопоmа de Мех]со, ýа; дпtопiо, ТХ, sчmmеr Webb, ntelnationa Enq ]5h center, Bouldel, State bl"g", Н"*aп,ТХ; Lora Yasen, Tokyo hternat onalUn Vебltу ofAmer са,Salem, oft Dennis Yommer, Younqstown l".."",ty Un]versity, Youngsiown, ОН; Melojeane 224 AcKNowLEDGEMENTs (Jоlепе) zawilinski, Univerýity Of М chigan tliпt,t nt,Ml, cREDlTs Photos cover cEdit Guanq N u/Getty maqes 15(t)DESGNPcsNc/NationaGёographccrёalve16(cl)ФNat]onaбeograph.Maps,(b)DEslGNPlcslNc/NatonaGФqraphccreatve19()FRANcolSGULLOT/Gelly ]ohnsbnmeyerLLc/NatonaGeographicc,eative,84(tl)ceпgageLearninq,nc,06(t)MARKTHEssEN/NalonaGeoqraph.,88(b)GreqoryMan(he$/NatonЫGeoqiaphn GеоgIа р h . creative, 95 (Ь) ] onathan Eden/Alam, 97 (Ь) M|сHAEL N С BoLyN al опа Geoglap h . crcat ve, 99 (Ь) .]oEL ýARTORE/NaI опа бeoq ra рh . ccative, 101 (с) ЕR кд 121(.)MOHAMEDEL|sHAHED/Gettylmages,122(t)ФKOavdHarson,t22_12З(c)ochrstbnHeeb/lairRedox126(b)bzvanlonutDlaqomnescu/AamyrtodPhotorЗ2(l) mа9е5, ]]5 (Ь)В епd magerAamysto.kPholo ]]6 (Ь)@]аmе5 Fоriо/Rеduх,lз9(t)Oачd Ltsche/АаmуstockPhoto,141(0 5leph сhаmфб/дР maqes, В oomberg/6etty ма пЬ/АamyslockPhoto, rл 1t)Fatcamera/Getly ma9e5,172 (t)NoRBEп MlLLALJER/Gelty ma9e5,l75 ()]оshuа Dачепроп/д!аmу 51ock Photo,176 (b)decade]d anatomy Nat ona GeogG phic c real W (cr) cen 9a9e Le nnq,hc,,194_195(b)R(hardLevine/дbmyslodPholo,198(b)oвobbieGeoцe/Natona Gеоgйрhiссrеаlче Maps WЫk,"NаtопЫGеоgЕрh. 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Many activities in thi5 book pract]ce or foclr5 on the key exam skillý needed fol test success, ln addit]on, а number olact]Vlties are deý gned to Ье the 5аmе aS (or siгnilal to)common question types found in these tests and to pIoVide effective practice ofthe5e qOest]ons, Listening Кеу Exam skills IELTs D 5t nquБh nq facG йomtheolies l Lbien пq for advantaqes LЫепnqfolca fyngапswеБ Llten nq fol keydetai5or5pe.ifrI ТОЕFr Paqe(r) / Exercirё(r) KEY tL 86 L5 s7 c,99 D EverфayLanguaq( й L5,67c 96Ll97D 56Ls,56с, 77c,96c, l07c, l27с, Iз7с, I г 177 D,197 D 7 c4n в,56 в,76в,ф в,106B, ]26 в,Iзб в ]56в, ]57 D, ]66 в, ]8б в,lф в Lbleninq lorpo5l ve or negative ч ews LБtепiп9 for 5h fБinlopc Tal пq noles] u5 nqabb.eviationj ]57L5,]57( ffi lх ]]7L5 7 NT, 7 D,7 E 87Nl370,]07NT l46Nl ]47 D бLr6в ]6L!,]6A,66A,96A, l46А |ELTS юЕFL Page(s) / Exёrcise(s) Соопе. tinq Фпlепl 146c 156B.]66B 136B 46 BJ]/ D, lбs д х MU tip есhо.е MU I pe rеsропsе I 76в,]фв,lзбв 27 D,77 Е,47 с 57 D,67 с,77 с, а7 D,107 а,117 а, :, ].47 D, ]67 с,I77 E,l37c, ]3/D 5епtеп.е.оmр.п.п lNDEx оF ЕхАм 5KlLts AND TA5KS 227 l |NDEX ОF ЕХАМ SKlLLS AND TASKS speaking кЕY ТОЕFL Ра9е(r) / Ехеrdsе(s) L ] х + + + + х х х t lпо leseach ol [nowledqeabeqloup5 х х D {Usпg ребопа] ёхреiеп.еsоIfее пq5 х Еmрh iziп9imporlant nformation х E,pre$,nq ор п,оп,апd/о ,рфопs х Lхрrе$п9 probab Lityand ро$ bi ity х ] п5 NT ]03 ss l08c 28д 59 А, ]07 Е,l19 в,200 в ]28!5 ]23А ]23в,l3355 ]89в ]9lB х х х l0B, ]0 с,69 D х х з7F ]3 в,55 0, 7в в, ]49 t х 39с 90Е ]я PRoN. ]3 д, ]3 в, ]8с, ]oPRON, зOЕ,з0 F, зо G, х Maknq 5uqq еп]оп ý ol leco mmendatio L! 33s5 89в l + 11 +] азрRоN.98 А,93 в,98 с, ]]3рRON,lз8А ]7l EL,l7] с 49 sr, 5з t х РIопочпс]п9 reduced wolds speakinq aboUl abstrac1.on.epк 28 в, ]5 с,45 I05Е.п]t ]15Е, l]7Е ]25E,]]]l-, l57D,]75D,]9]I speakinq about GU, rе]аt]опshiрз J х | х l68ss,l69 D l0F,l] F, !l06, ]27 D 67 D,7sв,8ос,s9 в,9] А,9l в,93с, ]l8A, ]]8c,l20l l]оf ]n в 1]6А ]5] в ]55 E,165( 1 l 1 х]х ]еп '.]r -l* сЕFR с1 lELTs Вапd Leve ] ф 5,5 6,0 Level 2 R] в7 4,5 50 Pathways Цче!4 LeVe ] lАr-ы toundations А] -А2 6.5-7.0 0 40 228 lNDЁх оя ЕхАм 5KlLLs ANo TAsKs 7] B,7l ( 2оА 20D ]0 в, зOс,99Е, ]30I 9D ззс,43в ]89( ] о9 PRoN, l09 D, ] 09 Е ToEFL score l эrщq l Л 8t] з] 50 о]0 PДHWAYS,,,*,* Listening, speaking and critical Thinking student Bookw th onlineworkbook student Book Student BooUDVD and Audio cD Package ciassroom DvD/Aud о cD Package с assroom Preýentation Tool UsB A55e55ment cD RoM With Examview' 9/8 ] зз7-56250 8 9/8 ] зз7_40770 0 978 1-зз7-88924 7 97а l зз7-562454 978_ ] _з]7_6899G8 91а-l -зз7 -56273 7 97аl -зз7-5626а 3 Level '| student Book with оп ]neworkbook 978_],з37 5625] 5 Sp t Edition A/online Workbook Packaqe Sp t Edition B/on lneWorkbook Package Stldent Book/DVD апd Audio cD Package 978_] 337 5625G0 97а-l-зз74о7717 978_]_]37 5б255 з 978_]_337 88925-4 978,]_]з7 56246_] classroom Presentat]on Tool USB 9781-зз7<а992-2 97в),зз7 562744 Аssеяrлепt cD-RoM w th Ехаmv eW" 978-1 з37 56269-о classloom DVD/AUdio cD Package Level2 Student Book with onlineworkbook St!dent Book Split Ed tion MonlineWo*book Package 5plit Editlon B/online Workbook Packa9e student BooUDVD and Audio cD Package class,oom DVD/A!d о cD Package с a55room Pleýentation Tool U5B Assessment cD Пом With Examview' 97а 1 з31 56252-2 97а \ зз/ -41)77 2-4 97а 1 зз7-5б157-7 978 ] зз7-5б2584 978 ] зз7 8892б,] 97а 1 зз7 56247-а 978 1 зз7-б899з 9 9/а 1 зз7-56275 1 97а 1 ззJ-5627о 6 Lечеlз student Book w th onlineworkbook student Book Sp t Edition A/online Wolkbook Package 978-1-зз7,5625з 9 97&1-зз74о77з 978_ ] _з]7,5625} 1 ] Split Edition В/Оп]lпе Wolkbook Расkа9€ 97а-1 зз7 5626>7 Stldent Book/DvD апd Audio cD Package 978_],337 88927 8 978-1-зз7 5624а 5 cla9sroom DvD/AUdio cD Package aliýcroom Presentat]on Tool USB Aýeýrлent сD-RоМ w th цаmУеW" 9781-зз7<а9944 97в-l-зз7 56276 а 978,] з37 5627]-з Level4 snrdeni Book with опliпе wolkbook StLrdent Book 5plit Ed t]оп MonlineWorkbook Package 5plit Edit on B/onlineWorkbook Packa9e student Book/DVD and Aud о cD Package 97а-1 зз7 56254-6 97а 1 зз,/Ао774-8 978 l зз7-5626]4 978 l з37 56262-] 978 ] зз7 88928-5 97а 1 зз7 56249-2 С assroom DVD/Aud о cD Package 97&] зз7-689 -0 с as5room Preýentation Tool USB Аýýеssm€пt сD,пом With Examview' 97а 1 зз1-56277-5 97а 1 зз1-562714 L'r9i7{ оо2 PATHWAYS,,,,,* Listening, speaking, and critical Thinking PathwdyJ,second Edition is а global,five levelacademic Ел9lЬh program. Са lefu llу g uided les5ons develop the lan9Uage skill5, clitica l thin kin9, а nd learnin9 strate9ies required foracademic success. Using aUthentic and relevant content from National Geographic, including video, chafts, апd other info9raphics, РdthWdуs prepares student5 to Work e{fectively а пd conidently in ап academic environment. NEW in Pathways: Li5tenin9. speakin9, and criti(alThinking . Exp|i<it instfuction and p]actiCe of note-ta king, listenjng, 5реа king, grammar, vo(abulary, and pronunciation d€velop langua9e ploficiency and build academic 5kills, . slideshows oflectures and presentations en ha п(е lЫепiпg activities and develop plesentation skill5, . Exam-styleta5k5 prepale students fora rangeof international exam5, includin9ToEFLc апd lELTs, . student Book . student Book Split Editions . onllneWorkbook . studentWebsite . теасhеrъ GUide . classroom Preýentatio п Tool . classroom DVD and Audio cD Package . Assessment cD-ROM With Examviewo 'tGL.cen9age.com/pathwaysseries online workbook A((ers code lncluded Г-FRаl l-'l шдтlошдr 1_1свосплRнlс LEARNlNG I s в N - ], з : 1 ? - _ ] ?_5ьаsч-ь 90000 А ], Brin8in8 the wond to the classroom and the с assroom to life NGL.сепgа8ё.соfil/ЕLт llшJil]шшilшшшш illшlllil

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