First-hand knowledge.
Browse the Book
This chapter covers the architecture of SAP HANA, describes the scope
and deployment options of SAP S/4HANA, and discusses the basic functions of the SAP Fiori user interface. These topics on SAP HANA and SAP
S/4HANA make up 10% of the Financial Accounting Associates exam.
The chapter includes real-world scenarios as well as practice questions
to help readers test their knowledge.
“Overview and Deployment
of SAP S/4HANA”
Contents
Index
The Author
Stefanos Pougkas
SAP S/4HANA Financial Accounting Certification Guide: Application Associate Exam
339 Pages, 3rd, updated and revised edition 2021, $79.95
ISBN 978-1-4932-2127-1
www.sap-press.com/5310
Chapter 1
Overview and Deployment
of SAP S/4HANA
Techniques You’ll Master
쐍 Explain the SAP strategy for digital transformation
쐍 Describe the SAP framework for the digital enterprise
쐍 Understand the role of the SAP Business Technology Platform
and intelligent technologies
쐍 Review basic SAP HANA technology
쐍 Describe the scope of financials for SAP S/4HANA
쐍 Choose the relevant deployment option for SAP S/4HANA
쐍 Explain the SAP Fiori design pillars
쐍 Use the SAP Fiori launchpad
쐍 Describe the basic SAP Fiori app types
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Chapter 1 Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA
In this chapter, we’ll explore the architecture of SAP HANA, describe the scope and
deployment options of SAP S/4HANA, and discuss the basic functions of the SAP
Fiori user interface (UI).
Real-World Scenario
As a consultant, you need to understand the underlying architecture that the
SAP S/4HANA system is built on. SAP HANA is at the core of the SAP strategy,
and you need to feel comfortable explaining this technology to your customers in simple terms. SAP HANA is a faster database, but there’s more information you should be able to pass on without scaring nontechnical people off.
SAP HANA is often perceived as expensive, so understanding technologies
such as compression and columnar store on a high level can help you build a
case to alter this perception for your potential customers.
The SAP S/4HANA system is a separate product line from the old SAP ERP system. SAP ERP is no longer the default go-to enterprise resource planning
(ERP) platform for SAP. This was a huge change and a business decision with
quite a large risk for SAP. It has proven to be successful, and more and more
customers are persuaded by the true benefits of the new system. But what’s
special about it? How difficult is it to adopt? How can customers move to SAP
S/4HANA, and do they risk losing the (potentially) millions they have
invested in the “old” software? You need to be able to explain the reasons for
this move by SAP and what it means for new and existing SAP customers.
Finally, SAP Fiori is the default graphical user interface (GUI) for end users in
SAP S/4HANA, so you need to be able to use it with confidence, explain its
components, and describe the benefits it brings. Explain the importance of a
simple interface with great usability and applications that can be used on
mobile device and on desktops. You should also have knowledge of how the
tile groups, tile catalogs, roles, and users cooperate to form what the user sees
on his own SAP Fiori launchpad.
1.1 Objectives of This Portion of the Test
Intelligent Enterprise Framework
The SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA topic makes up 10% of the total exam.
1.2
Digital Transformation
Because the technological world is expanding with unprecedented speed, it’s
imperative for businesses to not only catch up with these advances but also use
them to their competitive advantage. Computers and software are traditionally
considered supportive to business, and digital transformation brings the digital
world to the forefront of innovation and makes it a key business driver on its own.
Digital transformation in business implies the adoption and use of technologies
such as big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile, artificial intelligence (AI), and
social media to drive business innovation and growth.
1.3
Intelligent Enterprise Framework
The effect of digital transformation can be felt across business functions such as
marketing, operations, human resources, administration, and so on. It forces organizations and people to rethink and optimize how they execute business processes and how they can benefit from adopting automation in their day-to-day
activities. SAP is investing heavily to support all facets of the digital enterprise and
has adopted a strategic framework to help businesses run while using progressive
enterprise technology.
The SAP strategy for supporting the intelligent enterprise is focused on three key
product offerings:
쐍 Intelligent suite
The intelligent suite includes all the SAP applications that support the end-toend business processes of the enterprise (Figure 1.1).
Digital
supply chain
Digital
manufacturing
Customer
experience
Spend
management
Financial
management
People
management
SAP S/4HANA
Intelligent suite
Figure 1.1 Intelligent Suite
쐍 SAP S/4HANA products, and architecture for financials
쐍 Deployment options for SAP S/4HANA
쐍 SAP Fiori launchpad features
쐍 SAP Fiori app types
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Note
The purpose of this portion of the certification exam is to test your general knowledge of the SAP HANA, SAP S/4HANA, and SAP Fiori applications. The certification
exam expects you to have a good understanding of the following topics:
쐍 Overview of SAP HANA in-memory architecture
Section 1.3
쐍 Digital platform
The digital platform refers to SAP Business Technology Platform, an open business platform for building and delivering business applications. The strategy
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Chapter 1 Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA
put forward by SAP is to shift development focus from the core solutions into
the SAP Business Technology Platform to ensure the greatest flexibility both for
SAP and third-party developers while maintaining a lean and stable core.
쐍 Intelligent technologies
The third and final component (formerly referred to under the SAP Leonardo
product umbrella) is a technology framework that combines multiple modern
technological tools that can be used to improve applications by providing automation, detection, and prevention capabilities, among others. Some of the key
words include process automation, AI, machine learning, blockchain, data intelligence, big data, IoT, and predictive analytics.
Traditional business applications and ERP software packages aren’t designed to
fully support businesses throughout this digital transformation journey. SAP saw
this growing gap as an opportunity more than 10 years ago and created SAP HANA
to be the core building block of business software that not only supports but also
drives digital transformation. Today, SAP HANA is at the core of virtually all SAP
product development. But what is SAP HANA, and why is it so important?
Intelligent Enterprise Framework
Section 1.3
쐍 Aggressive compression
All major databases support compression, but what you save in space, you lose
in speed. SAP HANA uses smart techniques to make compression a viable
option while sacrificing little speed. You can expect data in an SAP HANA database to be compressed by a factor of 10 on average, meaning neither acquisition
cost nor storage capacity is a huge factor. One of the ways SAP HANA avoids losing speed is by inserting only new data rather than editing existing entries;
decompressing and recompressing for changing entries is a costly proposition.
By only adding entries and appending the old ones, SAP HANA doesn’t go
through the compress/decompress cycle. With versioning, the system knows
always to read the latest entry for a given data set. This brings us to another
major technical difference that allows larger compression, discussed in the next
list item.
쐍 Columnar data storage
SAP HANA uses the columnar data store type for two major reasons:
– Much better compression
– Faster data retrieval for queries (when only a subset of the full table data set
is required)
1.3.1 SAP HANA Architecture
In its simplest form, SAP HANA is a database management system. It performs all
the expected database functions of storing and retrieving data for applications
that sit on top of it, but SAP HANA is unique in how it performs these tasks. In addition, SAP HANA has embedded advanced analytics capabilities such as predictive
analytics and text analysis, mining, and search. SAP HANA also offers application
development services supporting a variety of programming languages. Finally,
SAP HANA provides a slew of data access, administration, and security support services. Clearly, SAP HANA is much more than “just” a really fast database.
Interesting as all the features are, we’ll concentrate on the database architecture.
We won’t get too technical, and we’ll keep things in scope both for the certification
and the financial accounting associate role. The SAP HANA database has three
standout features that work together and make it unique:
쐍 In-memory database
Using RAM to store all data has only even been imagined as a possibility in the
past decade or so. Memory is faster than disk storage—in fact, much faster. In
best-case-scenario sequential reads, the best solid-state disks today can read
data at about 3 GB/s. Modern, fast memory reads, writes, and copies at rates
around 60 GB/s. That’s a factor of 20 against best-case-scenario disk drive
speed. Of course, this method is more expensive, but these costs usually aren’t
prohibitive for enterprises. In addition, the data storage capacities supported
aren’t as large, but modern servers can support tens of terabytes of capacity.
The memory size limitations aren’t critical in any but the most extreme cases
due to the other features of SAP HANA, described in the next list items.
Column storage also works great for data aggregation (SAP HANA is used for ad
hoc aggregation a lot) and parallel processing. Column storage is more commonly found in online analytical processing (OLAP) applications (e.g., business
warehouse systems), rather than online transactional processing (OLTP) systems (which a typical ERP system might be considered), for which row storage is
considered faster. Although SAP HANA supports both types of tables (developers can decide what works for their use case), the columnar store is where SAP
HANA shines.
1.3.2
Technology Enablers for Success with SAP HANA
Most databases are designed to work optimally with the technology available at
the time of their design. The de facto approach before SAP HANA was for applications to minimize disk access requirements and perform calculations in the code.
However, as technology continues to progress, this design is no longer the only
way to go. The following are the main technology drivers and trends that led SAP
to invest in SAP HANA:
쐍 Large-volume, extremely high-bandwidth, affordable memory
Memory has always been much faster, but 20 years ago, it was inconceivable to
be able to purchase and take advantage of the volumes that we can today.
쐍 New-generation microprocessors with multiple cores and larger optimized
caches
CPUs can now access data at much higher rates than in the past.
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쐍 Expandable modular data centers
Modular data centers now can be expanded by adding servers for more memory and processing power to scale to any new sizing requirements.
쐍 Cloud computing applications
These apps are used more and more by customers as an alternative to investing
in on-premise software, even for critical backend components. Customers save
on IT costs, and their solution is always up to date. The subscription model
makes the cost of ownership more transparent and increases flexibility because
the buy-in is smaller.
1.4
SAP S/4HANA
SAP S/4HANA is the current ERP solution from SAP. As the name implies, it’s optimized for SAP HANA. In fact, unlike all previous ERP solutions from SAP, it will
only work on SAP HANA. SAP S/4HANA comprises the SAP S/4HANA Enterprise
Management digital core, the component closest in scope to the SAP ERP solution,
and various line of business (LoB) solutions, which are generally cloud solutions
that are SAP products gained through mergers and acquisitions. These LoBs have
been and are being optimized to work together as a seamless, integrated solution
(Figure 1.2).
SAP Ariba
SAP
Customer
Experience
SAP
S/4HANA
SAP Concur
Digital Core
SAP S/4HANA Section 1.4
쐍 SAP Concur for travel management
쐍 SAP Ariba for sourcing and procurement
Now let’s explore the digital core, in which you’ll find the financial components
this exam is about. SAP S/4HANA is a new breed of ERP system written specifically
with two major goals in mind:
쐍 Writing code to take advantage of SAP HANA
SAP removes architectural redundancies to simplify and speed up the system.
New code was developed for the core system architecture that did away with the
aggregation tables the old system relied on. The system doesn’t use separate
totals tables to store values; instead, totals are calculated on the fly from the line
items. The system also did away with the index tables used for reporting
because SAP HANA is fast enough to work on the line-item level. Indices
increase code complexity and have been removed. These are ambitious simplification steps that seem incompatible with the second goal.
쐍 Safeguarding existing customer investments
Writing a completely new logic for the SAP S/4HANA system was and is ambitious. Doing so while maintaining compatibility with custom code written for
the previous SAP ERP system seems like it would require some form of witchcraft. However, this is exactly what SAP programmers have managed. The exact
description of the mechanism isn’t in scope for this certification, but, in a nutshell, SAP HANA compatibility views make it possible to replicate obsolete
tables on the fly. In this way, an existing program that, for example, reads data
from an index table (removed in SAP S/4HANA) can continue to retrieve the
data because the system creates an on-the-fly replication of the original table.
Another manifestation of this goal is the option SAP offers to customers to
transform their SAP ERP systems into SAP S/4HANA systems and continue
business as usual without extensive downtimes.
Figure 1.3 shows how data is accessed for traditional applications that use compatibility views and aggregates, along with the simplification achieved from reading
directly from line-item tables with SAP HANA–optimized apps.
Non-SAP HANA-Optimized
Application
SAP
Fieldglass
Compatibility View
Aggregate/Index
Compatibility View
Aggregate/Index
SAP
SuccessFactors
Compatibility View
Aggregate/Index
Compatibility View
Aggregate/Index
Compatibility View
Aggregate/Index
Figure 1.2 SAP S/4HANA: Digital Core
The following are the main LoB solutions you should be aware of:
쐍 SAP C/4HANA, the customer experience and engagement suite
SAP HANA-Optimized
Application
Table
쐍 SAP SuccessFactors and SAP Fieldglass for human resource management
Figure 1.3 SAP HANA Application Simplification
Table
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SAP S/4HANA Section 1.4
Note
Warning
For a little history, the first component of SAP ERP to be “simplified” through module unification and removal of aggregates was Financial Accounting with the introduction of the
universal ledger in the SAP Simple Finance 1503 add-on (internally at SAP, this release was
referred to as SFIN2.0). The financials-only version of SAP S/4HANA was originally sold as
a separate product in parallel to the complete SAP S/4HANA suite, but they have now
been consolidated into a single, complete product.
The any-premise edition is what was referred to as on-premise in previous releases of SAP
S/4HANA. The certification and this book focus only on the any-premise edition of SAP
S/4HANA, although, of course, there is overlap with the cloud version).
1.4.2
1.4.1
SAP S/4HANA Deployment Options
There are currently three deployment options for SAP S/4HANA that customers
can choose from, as detailed in Table 1.1.
SAP S/4HANA Cloud, SAP S/4HANA Cloud, SAP S/4HANA Anypublic edition
private edition
Premise
Innovation lifecycle
Quarterly
Semiannual
Annual, customerled
Total cost of ownership (TCO)
Lowest
Lower
Higher
System governance
SAP-led
Customer-influenced Customer-led
IT infrastructure
SAP, public
SAP, dedicated
Customer-managed
Customization
Within standards
Within standards
Open to modifications
Extension
Platform as a service
(PaaS), SAP BTP
PaaS, SAP BTP
Open, SAP BTP
System delivery
New implementation
New implementation
New or SAP ERP conversion
Table 1.1 SAP S/4HANA Deployment Options
For simplicity, and from a functional consultant perspective, you can simplify this
into two editions:
쐍 SAP S/4HANA Cloud (the first column, private edition)
In this edition, the scope and customizing possibilities are slightly limited (SAP
is looking to achieve scope and feature parity by the end of 2021).
쐍 SAP S/4HANA (the other two columns)
This edition provides the full scope of functionality and configuration flexibility. It’s referred to as any-premise as it can be deployed on local and cloud system infrastructure with the same scope and functionalities.
Tip
SAP naming conventions mandate that when referring to the on-premise editions, the
product is SAP S/4HANA. The cloud edition is referred to as SAP S/4HANA Cloud.
SAP S/4HANA Adoption
Customers have four major options to start using SAP S/4HANA: a new implementation, system conversion, landscape transformation, or Central Finance. Let’s drill
down into these adoption options:
쐍 New implementation
In this case, customers can move from their legacy system (SAP ERP or a nonSAP system) and implement SAP S/4HANA from scratch. This scenario is also
known as a greenfield approach. Customers with older, highly customized ERP
solutions might prefer this option to clean up their systems and start over. This
option is available for all editions of SAP S/4HANA.
쐍 System conversion
This is for customers who want to convert their existing SAP ERP system into an
SAP S/4HANA system. The benefit is that customers can move to SAP S/4HANA
without a reimplementation and with no major disruption to existing business
processes. After the conversion is completed, customers can gradually update
their processes to adapt to SAP S/4HANA and SAP Fiori. This option is available
for on-premise and private cloud customers of SAP S/4HANA.
Tip
The specific tasks required of a financial accounting consultant during a system conversion project are a part of the SAP Certified Application Professional – Financials in SAP
S/4HANA certification curriculum. However, this is out of scope for the application associate certification.
쐍 Landscape transformation
This adoption method is for customers who want to consolidate multiple
diverse landscapes. In essence, this will entail consolidating the systems into a
single SAP S/4HANA system. This is generally not completed in a single step, but
with a gradual approach. Landscape transformation scenarios work on premise
and may selectively work with the cloud deployment as well.
쐍 Central Finance
Customers can take a gradual approach toward moving their landscapes to SAP
S/4HANA. With Central Finance, the source ERP systems remain intact, and
most business transactions are still performed in the source systems. The data
is then replicated into a central SAP S/4HANA system. For the replicated data,
you can then use the features and advantages of the Universal Journal and
reporting using the SAP S/4HANA system.
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1.4.3
SAP S/4HANA System Landscape
System landscapes can vary greatly depending on the customer requirements and
legacy ERP systems in use. A new installation for SAP S/4HANA would typically
require two basic productive systems: the SAP S/4HANA backend server and an
SAP Gateway server. The SAP S/4HANA backend is, of course, a required component because without it, there is no ERP system. The SAP Gateway server is where
the connections and settings to SAP Fiori are established. You can access both with
the traditional SAP GUI. Figure 1.4 shows the SAP Logon window with the twosystem setup we use in SAP Training and Adoption courses for most SAP S/4HANA
Finance courses: T41 is the backend server, and T4N is the gateway server.
Figure 1.4 SAP Logon Screen with SAP S/4HANA Backend and SAP Gateway Server
Note
SAP Fiori is, in theory, an optional component of SAP S/4HANA; however, you aren’t taking full advantage of SAP S/4HANA without it, and as the product matures and is
enhanced, you’ll be using fewer and fewer of the new developments for it. Performing a
conversion of SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA without implementing SAP Fiori must only be
seen as the first step toward adopting SAP S/4HANA.
SAP Fiori User Interface
1.5.1 SAP Fiori User Experience Paradigm
The SAP Fiori design and user experience paradigm is built on five principles:
쐍 Role-based
Applications should be focused on providing the functionality required for a
specific task. Complex screens with infinite selection options and one app for
doing everything isn’t the aim.
쐍 Responsive
Apps should be usable on multiple devices and be able to adjust their interface
to fit the device size, input methods, and so on.
쐍 Simple
Apps should not need a manual or special training to be used. The apps should
be designed for a single user and use case, and they should require no more
than three screens end to end.
쐍 Coherent
The design has to be coherent between apps, and users should feel instant
familiarity when accessing new apps. In addition, apps should be designed with
technical coherence as well, meaning they can be ported to other systems and
speak the same language.
쐍 Instant value
Apps need to be useful immediately, meaning they need to be easy to install,
configure, and deploy in your IT landscape. On the user side, the purpose of the
apps should be clear, and users should have no problem learning how to use
them. Ideally, users who have seen a couple of SAP Fiori apps in action should be
able to move on to other apps without needing help or training.
1.5.2
1.5
SAP Fiori User Interface
Section 1.5
SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA
SAP Fiori is the common design paradigm for SAP. The SAP Fiori design language
affects the look and feel of all things SAP, not only the interface of the new SAP
S/4HANA system. SAP recognized that everyday apps are becoming simpler to use
and more flexible. Business software needs to keep up with this development, or
else the disconnect between “work software” and “daily apps” will cause issues in
user acceptance, satisfaction, and productivity.
SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA refers more specifically to the apps available for the system. The SAP development teams are constantly developing new native apps for
SAP Fiori to replace the traditional and usually “busier” SAP GUI apps that SAP
S/4HANA inherited. Native apps can also make use of all the exciting new technology available with SAP S/4HANA, such as conversational UI, machine learning,
immersive experiences, and the like. SAP S/4HANA Finance has a good head start,
and quite a few native apps are already available.
To create apps in SAP Fiori, you use the SAPUI5 framework. This framework is in
turn based on the open-source OpenUI5 framework, with the addition of a few
extra SAP-specific tools. SAPUI5 is an open-source framework; that is, anyone can
use it and implement improvements. The main development tools to work with
SAPUI5 include HTML5, CCS3, jQuery, and JavaScript. Basing the entire development platform on open standards with general and broad acceptance ensures that
a lot of people will be familiar with the tools needed to develop SAP Fiori apps and
that the apps have great compatibility with multiple device platforms.
In addition to the native SAP Fiori apps, you can also launch SAP GUI apps from the
SAP Fiori launchpad. These apps will be launched in the web browser with an SAP
Fiori “look” design theme (see Figure 1.5). The scope of the SAP ERP apps is huge,
and not immediately having to replace everything at once gives SAP some breathing room to create useful and simpler native apps without sacrificing scope coverage. Customers can always develop their own apps as well, and easily adding SAP
GUI apps to SAP Fiori allows any legacy custom ABAP apps to work through SAP
Fiori.
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You can see an example of the SAP Fiori–look classic apps in Figure 1.5. The basic
design elements for these apps include the following:
1 A text-based toolbar instead of icons
2 All labels right-aligned
3 Condensed table rows
SAP Fiori User Interface
Section 1.5
SAP Fiori apps fit into one of three categories:
쐍 Transactional apps
Apps used to perform operations such as master record creation and maintenance or posting transactions, such as the Clear Incoming Payments app shown
in Figure 1.6.
4 New design icons with common design language
5 The SAP logo and buttons in the SAP Fiori header replace the in-app navigation
controls
6 Redesigned tab strips (the active tab highlighting)
7 Processing and closing actions moved to the footer of the screen
Figure 1.6 Transactional App Example: Clear Incoming Payments
쐍 Analytical apps
These are detailed reports used to drill down to finer details or “zoom out” to
the organization level you need. One of these, Overdue Receivables, is shown in
Figure 1.7.
Figure 1.5 SAP Fiori Look for HTML SAP GUI Apps
Tip
SAP GUI apps are referred to by SAP in the new system as SAP S/4HANA classic applications.
Figure 1.7 Analytical App Example: Overdue Receivables
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SAP Fiori User Interface
Section 1.5
쐍 Factsheet apps
Quick overviews of a specific object, with the basic details and even some key
performance indicators (KPIs) in one screen. You can often navigate directly via
links from one factsheet to another for related objects. Figure 1.8 shows an
example factsheet app—Supplier Invoice Search.
Figure 1.9 SAP Fiori Launchpad with the User Menu Expanded
Figure 1.8 Factsheet App Example: Supplier Invoice Search
SAP now offers more than 2,000 native apps built for SAP Fiori, and you can also
access and use the more than 9,000 classic SAP GUI and Web Dynpro apps direct
through the SAP Fiori landscape. SAP also offers more than 500 standard business
roles, ready to assign to users. These offer a preconfigured set of apps for you to
use as they are or to use as templates for you to combine in your own roles for
users.
1.5.3
Let’s explore the important characteristics and functionalities of the SAP Fiori
launchpad:
쐍 You access it from a web browser with a fixed URL. The URL can be shared with
anyone on the network. If they have a user name/password and are authorized,
they will be able to log on without further installations of local software (see the
top of Figure 1.10).
SAP Fiori Launchpad
The SAP Fiori launchpad is the user access point to the system, as shown in Figure
1.9. It’s a customizable web-based interface from which all the apps a user has
assigned can be launched. The apps don’t need to be from one specific system; the
tiles can launch apps and links for any system that’s connected and compatible.
Figure 1.10 Browser View of SAP Fiori
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SAP Fiori User Interface
Section 1.5
쐍 Apps are displayed as tiles (or, rarely, as text links). The tiles can be static, meaning they have a fixed icon, or active. Active tiles show some important information directly without needing to be clicked. Active tiles update displayed
information at customizable periodic intervals and can be helpful to provide a
quick status overview for topics of interest, such as open payments, number of
open workflow messages, and more. The three last tiles in the Bank Account
Management group shown in Figure 1.10 are examples of active tiles.
쐍 The advanced search functionality isn’t limited to applications; there is a dropdown list to search for many characteristics. The system will display information for the searched-for object directly in a factsheet, as shown in Figure 1.11.
Figure 1.12 Editing the Homepage
Warning
The scope of apps each user can open, the initial grouping of apps, and the apps included
in these standard groups are all controlled by an administrator.
Within most native SAP Fiori apps, and especially for reports, a user has the option
to save the current view (with whatever inputs have been made) as a new tile.
Clicking on the tile directly from the SAP Fiori homepage will execute the app with
the settings defined when the tile was created. This is useful, for example, in KPI
reports when you want to have easy access to information for a specific combination of characteristic values. You can see the popup for creating your own tile in
Figure 1.13.
Figure 1.11 SAP Fiori Launchpad: Search for Cost Centers
쐍 An end user can customize the apps and app groups displayed in the SAP Fiori
launchpad. Selecting the Edit Homepage option (shown previously in the user
menu in Figure 1.9) allows a user to reposition, remove, and add apps (that the
user has access to), as well as move, add, rename, and remove groups completely. A user can at any time reset groups back to their default. You can see the
SAP Fiori launchpad in edit mode in Figure 1.12.
SAP Fiori has a state-of-the-art context help menu available to provide guidance
for end users directly in the application. You can access the help menu by selecting
the question mark icon in the launchpad header. The help menu includes general
application help, field explanations, and, in some cases, video tutorials on how to
use the app. The help menu for the Post General Journal Entries app is shown in
Figure 1.14.
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SAP Fiori User Interface
Section 1.5
Customers can use their own themes to fully customize the look of the SAP Fiori
launchpad. The colors, background, logos, fonts, and so on can all be changed from
the SAP-delivered standard theme. You can design multiple themes, and users can
select from among them. All such customizing is done with the UI theme designer,
as shown in Figure 1.15.
Figure 1.13 Save App View as Custom Tile
Figure 1.15 UI Theme Designer
The user can select the Settings option in the user menu to display information for
his user account, as shown in Figure 1.16.
Figure 1.14 Context Help in SAP Fiori
Figure 1.16 SAP Fiori Launchpad User Settings
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This is also where users select the theme and default language and region settings.
Under User Profiling, the user can enable a customized search, which tracks the
user’s activity to tailor search results, and, if enabled, clear the search cache.
Finally, the user can set default values proposed by apps for many system attributes, such as company code, plant, planner profile, and so on.
1.5.4
SAP Fiori Launchpad Designer
In SAP S/4HANA, you define roles that provide authorizations for performing various functions, and then you assign these roles to users. A user can be assigned to
multiple roles. SAP delivers a standard set of roles and sample users through SAP
Best Practices content. It’s the same in the SAP Gateway server, but the business
roles you assign here contain SAP Fiori tile catalogs and tile groups. Catalogs and
groups are assigned to roles, which are in turn assigned to users. This assignment
defines which application tiles a user sees on his SAP Fiori launchpad, has authorization to add to groups, and can launch through the app finder. You can rely on the
many SAP-delivered standard catalogs and groups if you don’t want to make
changes, or you can use them as a reference for your own. With the SAP Fiori
launchpad designer, you create the catalogs and the groups for your SAP Fiori
launchpad, as shown in Figure 1.17.
SAP Fiori User Interface
Section 1.5
SAP Fiori catalogs hold configuration information for apps. Here you maintain
names, subtitles, icons, and other options for the more technical settings for your
tiles (these are useful to understand, but completely out of scope for this book).
After you’ve created a catalog, you assign it to a role (and the role to a user). The
application tiles inside the catalog define the applications a user has access to. If a
tile is included in an SAP Fiori tile group to which a user is assigned, but the tile
isn’t in any of the catalogs assigned, the user won’t be able to see the tile. You’ll
need to assign the catalog to the user that the tile is in. You can create as many catalogs as required to meet the needs of end-user roles (see Figure 1.18).
Figure 1.18 SAP Fiori Launchpad Designer: Catalogs
The name of a group and the tiles included in that group are assigned in the SAP
Fiori tile group configuration in the SAP Fiori launchpad designer (see Figure 1.19).
You can add tiles to the group from many different catalogs, but the user must be
assigned to all the relevant catalogs to see and use the tiles. You can select whether
the end user will be allowed to change a tile group on his own launchpad or not.
Finally, you select whether apps will be displayed as tiles or as links.
Warning
If you make changes to SAP-delivered catalogs or groups, these will be overwritten by
updated versions of the groups and catalogs provided by SAP. It’s always best to create
your own and assign tiles as needed. You can then assign these to your own roles.
Figure 1.17 Role Maintenance in SAP Gateway Server
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Practice Questions Section 1.7
쐍 SAP Fiori
A new common design paradigm for all SAP applications. The design goal is to
make business apps intuitive to use and available on all platforms and devices.
SAP Fiori is based on the following design principles: role-based, responsive,
simple, coherent, and instant value.
쐍 SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA
A group of applications that are designed for SAP S/4HANA. There are three
basic app types: transactional, analytical, and factsheet.
쐍 SAP Fiori launchpad
The UI “cockpit” for SAP Fiori that is accessed through any modern web browser
without extra software requirements. It displays several applications in flat,
rectangular forms called tiles. The applications available depend on the user’s
role and authorizations. The SAP Fiori launchpad offers many Customizing
options for the end user, such as theme selection, custom grouping, and displayed application selection.
Figure 1.19 SAP Fiori Launchpad Designer: Groups
1.6
Important Terminology
In this chapter, the following terminology was used:
쐍 Columnar store
Data is stored in columns instead of in the more traditional rows; this allows
speedier read performance and greater compression capabilities. The downside
is suboptimal transactional processing.
쐍 In-memory technology
Data storage in RAM instead of in disks to capitalize on lower latency and read/
write times. The technology still makes use of disks for historic data and backup
purposes.
쐍 Intelligent technologies
Technological frameworks that are used in conjunction with SAP Business Technology Platform to develop next-generation applications. Relevant technologies include machine learning, IoT, process automation, predictive analytics,
blockchain, data intelligence, and big data.
쐍 SAP Business Technology Platform
SAP Business Technology Platform is a development and deployment platform
that aids in the creation of intelligent, integrated, and mobile-ready applications to support business operations.
쐍 SAP Fiori launchpad designer
Administrator interface to customize the catalogs and groups available in the
system. You define the configuration for SAP Fiori tiles in the Catalog section
and for the tiles included in groups in the Group section.
쐍 SAP Gateway server
The server used to connect SAP Fiori to one or more SAP S/4HANA, SAP ERP, SAP
Business Warehouse (SAP BW), and other such backend systems. SAP Fiori app
configuration is performed here, as well as SAP Fiori user maintenance.
쐍 SAP S/4HANA
The new ERP system from SAP that leverages SAP HANA to simplify the code
and data structures. It’s designed to be the digital core for all business applications of the customer and to allow businesses to go digital. It’s offered on premise with a traditional ownership model and in the cloud with a subscription
model.
1.7
Practice Questions
These practice questions will help you evaluate your understanding of the topics
covered in this chapter. The questions shown are similar in nature to those found
on the certification examination. Although none of these questions will be found
on the exam itself, they will allow you to review your knowledge of the subject.
Select the correct answers, and then check the completeness of your answers in
the next section. Remember that, on the exam, you must select all correct answers
and only correct answers to receive credit for the question.
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Chapter 1 Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA
Practice Questions Section 1.7
1.
Which SAP technological products provide the platform required for SAP to
support the digital transformation of an organization? (There are two correct
answers.)
6.
True or False: In an environment of systems using SAP HANA, you can perform both OLAP and OLTP processing without duplication of the data for the
SAP BW and SAP ERP systems.
첸
A. SAP HANA
첸
A. True
첸
B. SAP Data Intelligence
첸
B. False
첸
C. SAP Fiori
첸
D. SAP Business Technology Platform
7.
SAP HANA makes extensive use of which high-speed hardware technology to
offer more speed?
2.
You want to develop a substantial enhancement for the purchase-to-pay process in your SAP S/4HANA system. Where does SAP recommend you perform
this enhancement?
첸
A. Read-only memory
첸
B. Solid-state drives (SSDs)
첸
C. Graphics processing units (GPUs)
첸
D. Multicore CPUs
8.
True or False: SAP S/4HANA replaces SAP ERP, and development and support
are shifted completely to it.
첸
A. True
첸
A. SAP Analytics Cloud
첸
B. SAP Fiori
첸
C. SAP Business Technology Platform
첸
D. SAP S/4HANA core
3.
True or False: SAP S/4HANA (on premise) can be deployed on a cloud infrastructure.
첸
B. False
첸
A. True
9.
첸
B. False
Which of the following product lines does the SAP S/4HANA system rely on
for procurement functions?
첸
A. SAP Concur
첸
B. SAP SuccessFactors
첸
C. SAP Ariba
첸
D. SAP C/4HANA
4.
The SAP HANA database relies on which of the following technologies for storing data? (There are three correct answers.)
첸
A. In-memory
첸
B. Aggregation
첸
C. Indexing
첸
D. Columnar store
첸
E. Compression
10. What technology did SAP leverage to eliminate aggregate tables from the SAP
S/4HANA system while maintaining compatibility with many legacy programs?
첸
A. Columnar store
Data in the SAP HANA database is stored in which two ways? (There are two
correct answers.)
첸
B. Compatibility views
첸
C. Data aging
첸
A. Random
첸
D. Indices
첸
B. Vector
첸
C. Column
11.
첸
D. Row
True or False: Choosing between SAP S/4HANA and SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition, is also a matter of required scope and Customizing flexibility.
첸
A. True
첸
B. False
5.
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Chapter 1 Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA
12. True or False: The only version of the SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition, a
customer can be on is the latest released version.
첸
A. True
첸
B. False
13. A user wants to add an app to his SAP Fiori homepage but can’t find it in the
app finder. What does the admin have to do?
Practice Question Answers and Explanations Section 1.8
18. You use the search in your SAP Fiori launchpad to loop up information for a
cost center. What kind of app is used for the information shown in the search
results?
첸
A. Transactional
첸
B. Factsheet
첸
C. Analytical
첸
D. List
첸
A. Assign the corresponding SAP Fiori tile group to the user.
첸
B. Assign the corresponding SAP Fiori tile catalog to the user.
첸
C. Add the tile to a tile group already assigned to the user.
1.8
첸
D. Add the corresponding tile catalog to the tile group.
1. Correct answers: A, D
SAP HANA is SAP’s default platform to support the digital transformation for
businesses. In addition, the SAP Business Technology Platform provides the
infrastructure and tools for developing next-generation applications.
14. Where can an SAP Fiori end user change the theme of his SAP Fiori launchpad?
첸
A. In the User Menu of the SAP Fiori launchpad
첸
B. In the Tile Catalog area of the SAP Fiori launchpad designer
첸
C. In the Tile Group area of the SAP Fiori launchpad designer
첸
D. In the UI theme designer
15.
True or False: Anyone with an appropriate user name and password can log on
to the SAP Fiori launchpad through a web browser.
첸
A. True
첸
B. False
16. What kind of customizations can users make to their SAP Fiori launchpads?
(There are two correct answers.)
첸
A. Change the name of tile groups.
첸
B. Create their own tile groups.
첸
C. Change the names of tiles.
첸
D. Change the icons on tiles.
17.
Which of the following are SAP Fiori design principles? (There are two correct
answers.)
첸
A. Role-based
첸
B. Routine
첸
C. Rational
첸
D. Responsive
Practice Question Answers and Explanations
2. Correct answer: C
Traditionally, such enhancements are made directly in the core SAP ERP component. This will indeed still work today in your SAP S/4HANA system; however, SAP wants to shift such development to the SAP Business Technology
Platform. This is part of a strategy to keep the core running lean and as close to
standard as possible. The other answers are wrong because SAP Analytics Cloud
is a product for planning and reporting that uses intelligent technologies; and
SAP Fiori represents the UI level, so you would incorporate SAP Fiori as the
default UI of your enhancement, but it’s not where the enhancement is developed.
3. Correct answer: A
True. There is no limitation on the location of the hardware that the on-premise
version of SAP S/4HANA is deployed on. A customer can choose compatible
third-party cloud vendors other than SAP. If a customer chooses to go with SAP
as the cloud infrastructure vendor for an SAP S/4HANA on-premise deployment, the product is called SAP S/4HANA Cloud, private edition; with other
vendor infrastructures, it’s just SAP S/4HANA.
4. Correct answers: A, D, E
In-memory is the most obvious answer here; columnar store is the preferred
SAP HANA data storage technique; and through compression, SAP HANA manages to cut down on the infrastructure costs and support larger customers. On
the other hand, aggregates are supported but should be avoided as the idea is
to have all the data at the highest granularity to provide flexible reporting. The
same is true for the indices because, with SAP HANA, they offer little speed
improvement and sacrifice too much in the way of flexibility as they must be
predefined, and adding reporting characteristics is difficult.
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Chapter 1 Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA
5. Correct answers: C, D
Column store is the preferred method for SAP HANA as discussed because it’s
better for reading data. Row storage is preferred by classic databases and is supported fully by SAP HANA.
6. Correct answer: A
True. SAP HANA was designed to fulfill the goal of combining optimal OLTP and
OLAP processing in one database. This simplifies the process of answering
questions such as “How did I come up with this number?” and saves on IT
resources by requiring fewer systems to support.
7. Correct answer: D
With many streams of data to process and large requirements for communication between memory and the CPU cache, you can use a lot of CPU cores at the
same time. Even though GPUs might seem the most out of place here, they
offer tremendous calculation power and are developing faster than CPUs.
Although many companies are considering using some of their special characteristics in the business application world, and we might be hearing of more of
these exploits in the future, for now, they aren’t used by SAP HANA. SSDs offer
a big boost to traditional databases, and because SAP HANA uses disk drives for
many non-speed-critical processes (e.g., backup and aged data), they can be
used with SAP HANA. Unfortunately, they don’t offer much in the way of
improved speed due to the architecture. Read-only memory is irrelevant.
8. Correct answer: B
False. SAP S/4HANA is the successor to SAP ERP, but it doesn’t replace it. There
is still a huge customer base that relies on SAP ERP, and SAP has promised support until 2027 (at the time of publication) for these customers.
9. Correct answer: C
SAP Ariba is the product that supports the SAP S/4HANA digital core with procurement. SAP SuccessFactors is for human resources, SAP Concur is for travel
management, and SAP C/4HANA supports everything around the customer
experience.
10. Correct answer: B
Compatibility views can be materialized on demand for data in line-item tables
of the SAP HANA database to support programs that read old aggregate and
index tables that are no longer in the system.
11. Correct answer: A
True. The product scopes still vary, with SAP S/4HANA being the more complete solution currently and offering more customizing possibilities. The SAP
S/4HANA Cloud solution is a better fit for new subsidiaries of large enterprises
or companies interested in a lean digital core solution that is always up to date
with the latest features and functions and that can live with the (decreasing)
limitations of the public cloud solution. Note that the private edition option is
Test Takeaway Section 1.9
basically equivalent to the any-premise edition and differs mostly in the licensing model (perpetual versus subscription licensing).
12. Correct answer: A
True. Quarterly updates in the realm of the multitenant public cloud solution
are always required. A customer can’t choose to skip a product release cycle
because the system is upgraded for all at the same time. All other editions give
customers more flexibility when selecting their upgrade path and frequency.
13. Correct answer: B
The SAP Fiori tile catalog defines which tiles a user is authorized to use. If the
user isn’t assigned to the right catalog, he won’t see the application tile even if
it’s part of a group he is also assigned to.
14. Correct answer: A
An end user will only typically have access to the SAP Fiori launchpad; other
SAP Fiori tools are for administrators. The user menu is where users control all
changeable settings for their SAP Fiori launchpads, including theme selection.
15. Correct answer: A
True. No special software needs to be installed; all modern, up-to-date web
browsers with HTML5 support will work. In our training system, we recommend using the Google Chrome browser because it seems currently to offer a
better speed/compatibility mix.
16. Correct answers: A, B
Changing the name and look of tiles can only be done in the catalog view of the
SAP Fiori launchpad designer. End users can only access the SAP Fiori launchpad where they can manage their tile groups.
17. Correct answers: A, D
SAP Fiori principles mandate that applications should be role-based, catering to
specific tasks performed by specific users. SAP Fiori apps should also be responsive, adjusting their interface to work optimally for different devices.
18. Correct answer: B
The result will be displayed with a factsheet app, which will provide key facts for
the object you searched for. You’ll have the option to navigate to a transactional
app, such as Manage Cost Centers, or an analytical app, such as a cost center
report. The List answer option isn’t an official app type in the SAP Fiori design
language.
1.9
Test Takeaway
You now have a good overview and understanding of the SAP HANA database. You
understand the benefits of the SAP HANA architecture and the technologies that it
uses to improve on traditional disk-based databases. You also got an introduction
to the SAP intelligent enterprise strategy and the new product portfolio that
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Chapter 1 Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA
supports it, namely the SAP Business Technology Platform and intelligent technologies (together with SAP HANA, SAP S/4HANA, and the other cloud LoB solutions).
In addition, you got a thorough introduction to SAP S/4HANA, the successor to
SAP ERP and the core software required for SAP’s vision of the digital business revolution. You understand the deployment options available and should be able to
determine which option best fits a customer’s needs.
Finally, you gained insight into the SAP Fiori design paradigm and what it means
specifically for SAP S/4HANA. You learned about the basic SAP Fiori tools and how
the tile catalogs and groups control the apps a user sees and can use.
1.10 Summary
You’ve gained a high-level understanding of SAP HANA, SAP S/4HANA, and SAP
Fiori. You can now explain the basic concepts and benefits of these to customers
and can propose deployment options. You can also help users with basic SAP Fiori
operations.
This chapter is the only one not directly related to financial accounting in SAP
S/4HANA, and it’s also the most technical chapter in the book and exam. However,
the knowledge here is very important for both new and experienced consultants
with no prior experience with SAP S/4HANA.
In the next chapter, we’ll cover general ledger accounting business processes and
Customizing, starting first with the description of the core organizational units in
financial accounting with SAP S/4HANA.
7
Contents
Preface .....................................................................................................................................................
15
Introduction: The Path to Certification ........................................................................................
19
1
Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA
45
1.1
Objectives of This Portion of the Test ........................................................................
46
1.2
Digital Transformation .....................................................................................................
47
1.3
Intelligent Enterprise Framework ................................................................................
47
1.3.1
1.3.2
48
49
1.4
SAP HANA Architecture ......................................................................................
Technology Enablers for Success with SAP HANA .....................................
SAP S/4HANA ........................................................................................................................
50
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
SAP S/4HANA Deployment Options ...............................................................
SAP S/4HANA Adoption ......................................................................................
SAP S/4HANA System Landscape ....................................................................
52
53
54
SAP Fiori User Interface .....................................................................................................
54
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4
SAP Fiori User Experience Paradigm ..............................................................
SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA ................................................................................
SAP Fiori Launchpad ............................................................................................
SAP Fiori Launchpad Designer ..........................................................................
55
55
58
64
1.6
Important Terminology ....................................................................................................
66
1.7
Practice Questions ...............................................................................................................
67
1.8
Practice Question Answers and Explanations ........................................................
71
1.9
Test Takeaway ......................................................................................................................
73
1.10 Summary .................................................................................................................................
74
2
General Ledger Accounting
75
2.1
Objectives of This Portion of the Test ........................................................................
76
2.2
Organizational Units ..........................................................................................................
77
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
77
80
84
86
1.5
Client .........................................................................................................................
Company Code ......................................................................................................
Company .................................................................................................................
Profit Center ...........................................................................................................
8
Contents
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.3
2.4
Segment ..................................................................................................................
Functional Area .....................................................................................................
Business Area .........................................................................................................
87
88
89
Integration with Non-Financial Accounting Organizational Units ...............
89
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
Integration with Controlling ............................................................................
Integration with Logistics ..................................................................................
Integration with SAP ERP Human Capital Management ........................
90
91
92
Master Records .....................................................................................................................
92
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.5
2.6
Chart of Accounts ................................................................................................. 92
Creating a Chart of Accounts ........................................................................... 93
Account Groups ..................................................................................................... 94
Maintaining General Ledger Accounts .......................................................... 96
Primary Cost and Revenue Accounts and Secondary Cost
Accounts .................................................................................................................. 100
Profit Centers ......................................................................................................... 101
2.8
Practice Questions ............................................................................................................... 146
2.9
Practice Question Answers and Explanations ........................................................ 153
2.10 Test Takeaway ...................................................................................................................... 159
2.11 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 159
3
Accounts Payable and Accounts Receivable
3.1
Objectives of This Portion of the Test ........................................................................ 162
3.2
Business Partners ................................................................................................................. 163
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.9
3.2.10
Global Financial Accounting Configuration ............................................................ 104
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.5.7
2.5.8
2.5.9
2.5.10
2.5.11
2.5.12
2.5.13
2.5.14
2.5.15
Parallel Accounting .............................................................................................. 104
Configuring Ledgers ............................................................................................ 105
Deactivating Ledgers ........................................................................................... 107
Ledger Group Definition ..................................................................................... 108
Extension Ledgers ................................................................................................ 109
Accounts Approach .............................................................................................. 111
Accounting Principles .......................................................................................... 112
Fiscal Year Variant ................................................................................................ 113
Integration of Controlling with the General Ledger ................................. 115
Currencies ............................................................................................................... 115
Document Types and Number Ranges .......................................................... 118
Posting Keys ........................................................................................................... 120
Tolerance Groups ................................................................................................. 122
Tax Handling .......................................................................................................... 123
Analyzing Document Splitting ......................................................................... 127
2.5.16
2.5.17
Document Splitting Characteristics ............................................................... 130
Document Splitting Steps ................................................................................. 131
Business Transactions in the General Ledger .......................................................... 133
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
2.6.6
2.6.7
2.7
Contents
Posting General Ledger Documents ............................................................... 133
Changing Documents ......................................................................................... 137
Reversing Documents ......................................................................................... 138
Cross-Company-Code Postings ........................................................................ 141
Financial Document Clearing ........................................................................... 142
Default Values for Data Entry .......................................................................... 143
General Ledger Overview ................................................................................... 144
Important Terminology .................................................................................................... 144
3.3
3.5
3.6
Categories ............................................................................................................... 163
Business Partner Roles ........................................................................................ 164
Role Grouping ........................................................................................................ 165
Number Range Definition ................................................................................. 166
Business Partner Types ....................................................................................... 167
Business Partner Field Attributes .................................................................... 167
Customer and Supplier Account Groups ...................................................... 169
Account Group Details ........................................................................................ 170
One-Time Accounts and Normal Accounts .................................................. 172
General Data .......................................................................................................... 174
Payment Terms ..................................................................................................................... 182
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.4
161
Payment Term Definition .................................................................................. 182
Installment Payments ......................................................................................... 185
Payment Block Reasons ...................................................................................... 186
Customer/Supplier Tolerance .......................................................................... 187
Invoicing .................................................................................................................................. 188
Manual Payments ............................................................................................................... 195
3.5.1
Posting on Account .............................................................................................. 196
3.5.2
Foreign Currency ................................................................................................... 197
Automatic Payments ......................................................................................................... 198
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.6.6
3.6.7
3.6.8
3.6.9
3.6.10
Customizing the Payment Program ............................................................... 198
Company Codes .................................................................................................... 199
Customization ....................................................................................................... 201
Country Level ......................................................................................................... 202
Payment Medium Workbench ......................................................................... 205
Automatic Payment Run .................................................................................... 209
Payment Selection Parameters ........................................................................ 209
Review ...................................................................................................................... 211
Payment Run .......................................................................................................... 213
Payment Media Creation ................................................................................... 214
9
10
Contents
3.7
3.8
Dunning ................................................................................................................................... 215
4.7
Screen Layouts ...................................................................................................................... 268
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3
3.7.4
3.7.5
3.7.6
3.7.7
3.7.8
3.7.9
3.7.10
Define Dunning Areas ......................................................................................... 216
Define Dunning Keys ........................................................................................... 216
Define Dunning Block Reason .......................................................................... 217
Dunning Procedures ............................................................................................ 217
Dunning Level Maintenance ............................................................................. 219
Dunning Text Maintenance .............................................................................. 221
Dunning Charges .................................................................................................. 221
Special General Ledger Indicators ................................................................... 223
Company Code Settings ..................................................................................... 223
Dunning Groupings ............................................................................................. 224
4.8
User-Defined Fields ............................................................................................................. 270
4.9
Asset Master Data ............................................................................................................... 271
3.7.11
3.7.12
Dunning Details .................................................................................................... 225
Dunning Run .......................................................................................................... 226
Correspondence ................................................................................................................... 227
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
3.9
Contents
Correspondence Types ........................................................................................ 227
Payment Differences ........................................................................................... 229
Printing Correspondence ................................................................................... 230
Special General Ledger Accounting ............................................................................. 230
3.9.1
3.9.2
3.9.3
Configuring Special General Ledger Indicators .......................................... 232
Down Payments and Down Payment Requests ......................................... 234
Posting to Different Reconciliation Accounts ............................................. 235
3.10 Reporting ................................................................................................................................. 237
3.11 Important Terminology .................................................................................................... 241
3.12 Practice Questions ............................................................................................................... 243
3.13 Practice Question Answers and Explanations ........................................................ 249
3.14 Test Takeaway ...................................................................................................................... 254
3.15 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 255
4.10 Integration with Plant Maintenance .......................................................................... 272
4.11 Asset Transaction Types ................................................................................................... 273
4.12 Asset Acquisitions ............................................................................................................... 274
4.12.1
4.12.2
4.12.3
Acquisition with Automatic Offsetting ........................................................ 275
Acquisition Integrated with Accounts Payable .......................................... 277
Asset Acquisition with Purchase Order Integrated with
4.12.4
Materials Management ..................................................................................... 278
Gross and Net Document Types ...................................................................... 280
4.13 Asset Retirements ............................................................................................................... 282
4.13.1
4.13.2
4.13.3
4.13.4
Posting an Asset Sale Invoice ........................................................................... 282
Creating Asset Retirement ................................................................................ 283
Asset Sale Line Items ........................................................................................... 283
Retirements Worklist .......................................................................................... 284
4.14 Asset Transfers ...................................................................................................................... 285
4.14.1
4.14.2
4.14.3
Intracompany Transfers ..................................................................................... 285
Intercompany Transfer ....................................................................................... 286
Transfer Methods ................................................................................................. 287
4.15 Low-Value Assets ................................................................................................................. 288
4.16 Assets Under Construction .............................................................................................. 289
4.17 Investment Support Measures ...................................................................................... 291
4.18 Asset Depreciation .............................................................................................................. 293
4.18.1
4.18.2
4.18.3
Calculation of Depreciation .............................................................................. 293
Time-Dependent Depreciation Definitions ................................................. 294
Depreciation Posting Run .................................................................................. 296
4.19 Asset Year-End Process ..................................................................................................... 297
4
Asset Accounting
257
4.1
Objectives of This Portion of the Test ........................................................................ 258
4.2
Fixed Asset Accounting ..................................................................................................... 259
4.3
Chart of Depreciation ........................................................................................................ 260
4.4
Depreciation Areas .............................................................................................................. 261
4.4.1
4.4.2
Configuration ......................................................................................................... 262
Derived Depreciation Areas .............................................................................. 264
4.5
Asset Class .............................................................................................................................. 264
4.6
Account Determination .................................................................................................... 266
4.20 Asset Reporting .................................................................................................................... 299
4.20.1
4.20.2
4.20.3
4.20.4
4.20.5
Asset Accounting Overview .............................................................................. 299
Asset Value Report ............................................................................................... 301
Manage Fixed Assets ........................................................................................... 301
Asset Balances Report ......................................................................................... 302
Asset History Sheet .............................................................................................. 303
4.21 Asset Legacy Data Transfer ............................................................................................. 304
4.21.1
Migration Preparation Customizing .............................................................. 304
4.21.2
4.21.3
Performing Manual Data Migration .............................................................. 305
Performing Data Migration with the Migration Cockpit ........................ 306
4.22 Important Terminology .................................................................................................... 308
11
12
Contents
Contents
4.23 Practice Questions ............................................................................................................... 310
5.8
5.8.1
5.8.2
5.8.3
4.24 Practice Question Answers and Explanations ........................................................ 314
4.25 Test Takeaway ...................................................................................................................... 318
4.26 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 319
SAP S/4HANA Financial Closing Cockpit ................................................................... 367
5.9
Task Templates ...................................................................................................... 368
Task List .................................................................................................................... 370
Dependency Configuration ............................................................................... 370
Methods for Intercompany Matching and Reconciliation ................................ 371
5.10 Important Terminology .................................................................................................... 373
5.11 Practice Questions ............................................................................................................... 375
5
Financial Closing
5.1
Objectives of This Portion of the Test ........................................................................ 322
5.13 Test Takeaway ...................................................................................................................... 382
Financial Statement Version .......................................................................................... 323
5.14 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 383
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.2.6
5.2.7
5.2.8
5.3
5.6
Posting Periods ...................................................................................................... 335
Balance Carryforward ......................................................................................... 337
Auditing ................................................................................................................... 338
Accrual/Deferral Journal Entry ......................................................................... 341
Recurring Journal Entry ...................................................................................... 342
6.1
6.2
Manual Accruals Process .................................................................................... 343
5.5.2
5.5.3
Manual Accruals Configuration ....................................................................... 345
Purchase Order Accruals Process .................................................................... 348
6.3
6.4
Closing Activities in Materials Management .......................................................... 361
5.7.1
Physical Inventory ................................................................................................ 361
5.7.2
5.7.3
Goods Receipt/Invoice Receipt Account Clearing ...................................... 362
Stock Valuation ..................................................................................................... 366
Bank Account Management ........................................................................................... 387
Overview of Document Parking ....................................................................... 393
Document Parking Workflow Customizing ................................................. 394
Document Parking with Workflow ................................................................. 398
Journal Entry Verification ................................................................................................ 402
Verification Process ............................................................................................. 403
Workflow Configuration .................................................................................... 404
Validations and Substitutions ....................................................................................... 407
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
6.5.4
6.5.5
6.6
Bank Directory ....................................................................................................... 388
House Bank ............................................................................................................. 389
Bank Account Creation ....................................................................................... 390
Document Parking .............................................................................................................. 392
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.5
385
Objectives of This Portion of the Test ........................................................................ 387
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
Closing Activities in Receivables and Payables ...................................................... 350
Balance Confirmation ......................................................................................... 350
Foreign Currency Valuation .............................................................................. 352
Value Adjustments .............................................................................................. 357
Accounts Payable/Accounts Receivable Regrouping ............................... 359
Organizational Assignments and
Process Integration
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
Accruals Management ...................................................................................................... 343
5.5.1
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.7
6
Accruals and Deferrals ....................................................................................................... 340
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.5
Definitions for the Financial Statement ....................................................... 323
Financial Statement Version Item Hierarchy .............................................. 324
Financial Statement Item Definition ............................................................. 325
Account Assignment ........................................................................................... 327
Global Accounting Hierarchy for Financial Statement Version
Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 328
Financial Statement Output with SAP Fiori ................................................. 330
Financial Statement Report with ABAP ........................................................ 332
Output of Ledger Comparison Report ........................................................... 333
5.12 Practice Question Answers and Explanations ........................................................ 380
General Ledger Closing ..................................................................................................... 334
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.4
321
Overview of Validations and Substitutions ................................................. 407
Substitution Definition ....................................................................................... 410
Validation Definition ........................................................................................... 414
Sets Definition ....................................................................................................... 416
Rules Definition ..................................................................................................... 418
Data Archiving ...................................................................................................................... 418
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
General Customizing for Data Archiving ...................................................... 419
Object-Specific Customizing for Data Archiving ....................................... 420
Performing Data Archiving: General Ledger Account Example ............ 421
13
14
Contents
6.7
Data Aging .............................................................................................................................. 425
6.7.1
6.7.2
Data Aging Customizing .................................................................................... 426
Data Aging Run ..................................................................................................... 428
6.8
Important Terminology .................................................................................................... 429
6.9
Practice Questions ............................................................................................................... 432
6.10 Practice Question Answers and Explanations ........................................................ 436
6.11 Test Takeaway ...................................................................................................................... 439
6.12 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 439
The Author ............................................................................................................................................. 441
Index ........................................................................................................................................................ 443
443
Index
A
ABAP ........................................................... 55, 78, 153
report ................................................................... 332
Account assignment .......................................... 327
financial statement version checks ......... 328
Account clearing .................................................. 362
Account determination ................. 266, 267, 308
Account group ............................ 94, 144, 172, 179
clearing with customer ................................. 179
correspondence ............................................... 179
customer ................................................... 169, 242
definition .............................................................. 94
details .................................................................. 170
house bank ........................................................ 179
individual payment ....................................... 179
maintenance ..................................................... 177
normal ................................................................. 172
one-time ............................................................. 172
payment methods .......................................... 179
payment terms ................................................ 178
posting block .................................................... 179
reconciliation account .................................. 177
sensitive fields definition ............................. 173
sort key ................................................................ 177
supplier ..................................................... 169, 242
tolerance group ............................................... 179
Accounting principle ......................................... 112
assignment ........................................................ 112
definition ............................................................ 112
Accounts approach ............................................. 111
Accounts payable ................................................ 162
closing activities .............................................. 350
Accounts payable/accounts
receivable regrouping ......................... 359, 373
Accounts receivable ............................................ 162
closing activities .............................................. 350
Accrual ..................................................................... 373
Accrual engine ...................................................... 373
Accrual item ........................................ 344, 346, 373
Accrual methods .................................................. 347
Accrual object ........................... 343, 344, 348, 374
Accruals management ....................................... 343
basic settings .................................................... 346
Active document split ....................................... 132
Additional learning resources .......................... 37
Aggressive compression ..................................... 49
Alternative payer/payee ................................... 174
Analytical app ......................................................... 57
Application area ................................................... 429
Archive ..................................................................... 429
variant ................................................................. 429
Asset accounting ................................................. 258
assets under construction ....... 289–291, 309
low-value assets .............................................. 288
plant maintenance integration ................ 272
transactions ............................................ 273, 274
year-end process ............................................. 297
Asset Accounting Overview app ................... 299
Asset acquisition ................................................. 274
automatic offsetting ..................................... 275
integration with accounts payable ......... 277
materials management integration ....... 278
simulation ......................................................... 278
transaction data ............................................. 275
Asset class ............................................ 264, 265, 309
configuration ................................................... 265
definition ............................................................ 264
Asset depreciation .............................................. 293
calculation ......................................................... 293
depreciation key .............................................. 294
posting run .............................................. 296, 297
time-dependent ............................................... 294
Asset legacy data transfer ................................ 304
data migration ...................................... 305, 306
migration preparation ................................. 304
Asset master data ................................................ 271
creation ............................................................... 271
subnumber ........................................................ 271
Asset reporting ..................................................... 299
balance report .................................................. 302
history sheet ..................................................... 303
value report ....................................................... 301
Asset retirement .................................................. 282
asset sale invoice ............................................ 282
create ................................................................... 283
partial retirement ........................................... 283
worklist ............................................................... 284
Asset sale line items ........................................... 283
Asset transaction type ....................................... 309
Asset transfer ........................................................ 285
intercompany ................................................... 286
intracompany .................................................. 285
methods .................................................... 287, 288
Asset value date ................................................... 309
Asset Values app .................................................. 301
Audit Journal app ...................................... 334, 339
Auditing .................................................................. 338
Automatic payment ........................ 198, 206, 241
company codes ................................................ 199
444
Index
Automatic payment (Cont.)
country level ........................................... 202, 203
customization .................................................. 201
customizing ...................................................... 198
exceptions .......................................................... 212
parameters ........................................................ 209
review ........................................................ 211, 212
run ......................................................................... 209
B
Balance carryforward ......................................... 337
Balance confirmation .............................. 350, 374
Balance Sheet Values by Account app ........ 366
Bank account management ............................ 387
create ......................................................... 389, 390
house bank ........................................................ 389
maintenance ..................................................... 390
Bank directory ............................................ 388, 430
Bank group ............................................................. 430
Billing document ................................................. 193
Book structure ........................................................ 15
Business area ........................................................... 89
definition .............................................................. 89
Business partner ........... 162, 163, 179, 225, 241
address ................................................................ 175
categories ................................................. 163, 241
communication ............................................... 175
customers ........................................................... 175
field attributes ................................................. 167
general data ...................................................... 174
grouping ............................................................. 241
groups ................................................................. 163
number range definition ............................. 166
organizations ................................................... 163
persons ................................................................ 163
role .............................................................. 164, 242
role definition ................................................... 164
role grouping .................................................... 165
supplier ..................................................... 175, 182
type ............................................................. 167, 242
C
C_ACTIVATE12 ....................................................... 21
C_S4CFI ...................................................................... 22
C_S4FCF_2020 ........................................................ 23
C_S4FTR_2020 ........................................................ 22
C_TS410_1909 ........................................................ 21
C_TS4CO_2020 ....................................................... 22
C_TS4FI_2020 ................................................... 22, 24
Callup point ........................................................... 430
Carry Forward Balances app ............................ 337
Carryforward ......................................................... 374
Index
Cash management .............................................. 386
CCS3 ............................................................................. 54
Central Finance ....................................................... 53
Changing documents ........................................ 137
Chart of accounts ...................... 92, 145, 155, 267
alternative ............................................................ 92
blocked ................................................................... 94
country ................................................................... 92
create ...................................................................... 93
description ............................................................ 93
group ...................................................................... 93
maintenance language ................................... 93
operational .......................................................... 92
settings ................................................................... 93
Chart of depreciation ...................... 260, 267, 309
Client ................................................................. 77, 145
Client 000 ................................................................... 77
Client 001 ................................................................... 77
Client 066 ................................................................... 77
Client 200 ................................................................... 78
Client-dependent ................................................... 78
Client-independent ............................................... 78
Columnar store ....................................................... 66
Company ................................................................... 84
Company code ............................................... 80, 145
address ................................................................... 82
chart of accounts ............................................... 83
company ............................................................... 84
copy ......................................................................... 80
country chart/accts. ......................................... 83
create ...................................................................... 80
credit control area ............................................. 84
currency ................................................................. 80
definition ............................................................... 81
field status variant ............................................ 84
fiscal year variant .............................................. 84
global parameter ............................................... 83
posting period variant ..................................... 84
purchasing organization ........................ 91, 92
sales organization ............................................. 91
workflow variant ............................................... 84
Controlling ................................................................ 90
CO-PA, account-based .......................................... 91
Correspondence ................................................... 227
example .............................................................. 230
payment differences ...................................... 229
printing ............................................................... 230
types .................................................. 227, 228, 242
Create Correspondence app ............................ 230
Create Supplier Invoices app .......................... 195
Cross-company-code posting ........................ 141
Currency .................................................................. 115
maintenance .................................................... 117
types ..................................................................... 117
Currency exchange rate .................................... 115
direct quotation .............................................. 117
indirect quotation .......................................... 117
maintenance ..................................................... 116
Current partition ................................................. 430
Customer/supplier tolerance ......................... 187
D
Data aging ..................................................... 425, 430
activation ........................................................... 426
Customizing ...................................................... 426
run ......................................................................... 428
table partitioning ........................................... 427
Data archiving ............................................. 418, 430
administration ................................................. 422
cross-object ....................................................... 419
Customizing ...................................................... 419
define ................................................................... 421
general ledger example ................................ 421
job logs ................................................................ 423
object-specific ................................................... 420
Data medium exchange engine .................... 205
Default values ....................................................... 143
Deferral .................................................................... 374
Depreciation
configuration ................................................... 262
key ......................................................................... 309
Depreciation area ............................. 261, 267, 309
configuration ................................................... 262
definition ............................................................ 261
derived ................................................................. 264
Digital platform ...................................................... 47
Digital transformation ................................. 47, 68
Display Financial Statement app .................. 330
Document header ............................................... 133
Document line item ........................................... 136
Document parking .................................... 392, 393
holding ................................................................ 393
release approval path ................................... 397
release group .................................................... 396
subworkflows ................................................... 397
workflow .......................................... 395, 398, 400
workflow builder ............................................. 394
Document splitting .................................. 127, 145
activation ........................................................... 128
characteristics .................................................. 130
deactivate .......................................................... 129
inheritance ........................................................ 128
method ................................................................ 128
standard account assignment .................. 128
steps ..................................................................... 131
Document type ........................................... 118, 145
account types allowed .................................. 119
Document type (Cont.)
authorization group ...................................... 119
batch input only .............................................. 120
customer/vendor check ............................... 120
definition ............................................................ 119
enter trading partner .................................... 120
exchange rate type ......................................... 120
inter-company ................................................. 120
maintenance ..................................................... 119
negative postings permitted ...................... 120
net document type ......................................... 120
number range ................................................... 119
reference number ............................................ 120
reverse ................................................................. 119
Down payments ......................................... 234, 235
Dunning .................................................................. 215
area ............................................................. 216, 242
block reason ................................... 217, 226, 242
charges ................................................................ 221
company code ........................................ 223, 224
configuration ................................................... 216
details .................................................................. 225
grouping ............................................................. 224
key ............................................................... 216, 226
letter ..................................................................... 221
level ............................................................ 219, 220
procedures ...................................... 217, 218, 242
program .............................................................. 242
run ......................................................................... 226
text maintenance ........................................... 221
E
Exam format ............................................................ 24
Exam scope .............................................................. 26
Extension ledger .................................................. 145
F
Factsheet apps ........................................................ 58
Field status error .................................................. 121
Financial accounting ................................... 75, 104
Financial accounting integration ................... 89
controlling ........................................................... 90
logistics ................................................................. 91
SAP ERP HCM ..................................................... 92
Financial closing .................................................. 322
Financial document clearing .......................... 142
Financial statement .................................. 323, 374
ABAP .................................................................... 332
definitions .......................................................... 323
hierarchy .................................................. 324, 325
item definition ................................................. 325
node ...................................................................... 326
445
446
Index
Financial statement (Cont.)
output with SAP Fiori .................................... 330
output with SAP Jam ..................................... 331
Fiscal year variant ..................................... 113, 145
definition ............................................................ 114
list .......................................................................... 113
period ................................................................... 114
Fixed-asset accounting ..................................... 259
Foreign currency .................................................. 197
valuation ............................................................ 374
Formula editor ...................................................... 430
Functional area ....................................................... 88
definition .............................................................. 88
G
General ledger accounting ................................ 76
business transaction ..................................... 133
general ledger entries .................................... 136
overview dashboard app ............................. 144
posting ................................................................ 133
General ledger accounts .............................. 92, 96
account currency .............................................. 98
allocation .................................................... 99, 100
alternative account number ........................ 98
balance sheet account .................................... 96
cash account ....................................................... 96
copy ........................................................................ 80
field status group ............................................ 100
general data ........................................................ 96
integration with controlling ...................... 115
invoice document ........................................... 128
maintenance ....................................................... 96
master record ................................................... 100
nonoperating expense or income .............. 96
open item management ................................ 99
P&L account ........................................................ 98
primary costs or revenue ............................... 96
reconciliation account ................................... 99
retained earnings .............................................. 98
secondary costs ................................................. 96
sort key .................................................................. 99
special indicators ............................................ 223
tax category ........................................................ 98
General ledger closing ....................................... 334
posting period .................................................. 335
Goods receipt/invoice receipt account ...... 374
Gross document type ........................................ 280
H
Head office ............................................................. 179
Held document .................................................... 430
Historical partition ............................................. 430
Index
House bank ............................................................ 430
HTML5 ................................................................ 54, 73
I
Ledger group (Cont.)
representative ledger ..................................... 109
Logistics ..................................................................... 90
Low-value asset .................................................... 309
Individual value adjustment .......................... 374
In-memory technology ........................................ 66
Installment payments ....................................... 185
Intelligent enterprise ............................................ 47
Intelligent suite ....................................................... 47
Intelligent technologies .............................. 48, 66
Intercompany matching and
reconciliation ......................................... 371, 374
International Financial Reporting
Standards .............................................................. 87
Internet of Things .................................................. 47
Investment support measures ...................... 291
Invoice document ............................................... 127
Invoice payment
account assignment template .................. 189
details .................................................................. 189
held document ................................................. 190
screen variants ................................................ 189
Invoicing ................................................................. 188
M
J
N
JavaScript ................................................................... 54
Journal entry verification ................................ 402
process ................................................................ 403
workflow configuration ............................... 404
jQuery .......................................................................... 54
Net document type ............................................. 280
L
Ledger ....................................................................... 105
accounting principle ..................................... 106
configuration ................................................... 105
currency type .................................................... 106
deactivating ...................................................... 107
extension ledger .................................... 109, 110
fiscal year variant ........................................... 106
functional currency ....................................... 106
leading ledger ................................................... 105
parallel accounting using G/L
accounts ........................................................ 106
posting period variant .................................. 106
Ledger comparison report ............................... 333
Ledger group
assignment .............................................. 109, 112
create ................................................................... 109
definition ............................................................ 108
leading ledger ................................................... 109
list ......................................................................... 108
Manage Bank Accounts app .................. 388, 390
Manage Fixed Assets app ................................. 301
Manage Global Accounting Hierarchies
app ....................................................... 86, 328, 329
Manage Journal Entries app ............................ 138
Manage Posting Periods app .......................... 336
Manage Workflows for General Journal
Entry Verification app .................................. 404
Manual accrual configuration ........................ 345
Manual accrual process ..................................... 343
Manual payments ............................................... 195
posting on account ........................................ 196
Master record ................................................. 92, 153
Materials management ....................................... 91
closing activities .............................................. 361
Monitor GR/IR Account Reconciliation
app ........................................................................ 363
O
OLAP .................................................................... 69, 72
OLTP ..................................................................... 69, 72
Open and Close Posting Periods app ........... 335
openSAP .................................................................... 42
OpenUI5 .................................................................... 54
Organizational object ........................................ 430
Organizational unit .............................. 75, 77, 153
client level ............................................................ 90
Outgoing payment ............................................. 195
Overdue Receivables app ................................... 57
P
P_S4FIN_2020 ......................................................... 22
Parallel accounting ................................... 104, 145
accounts approach ........................................ 104
example .............................................................. 104
ledger approach .............................................. 104
Parallel valuation ................................................. 111
Parked document ................................................ 431
save ....................................................................... 398
Passive document split ..................................... 131
Payment block ............................................ 184, 186
reasons ................................................................ 243
Payment media creation .................................. 214
Payment medium workbench .... 203, 205, 243
Payment methods ............................................... 243
Payment run .......................................................... 213
Payment term .................................... 182, 185, 243
account type ..................................................... 184
baseline date ..................................................... 184
day limit ............................................................. 183
default baseline date ..................................... 184
definition .................................................. 182, 183
Physical inventory .................................... 361, 374
continuous ........................................................ 362
cycle counting .................................................. 362
periodic ............................................................... 361
Plant maintenance ................................................ 91
Post General Journal Entries app ....... 120, 133,
135, 403
Post Incoming Invoices app ............................ 398
Posting accrual ........................................... 340, 341
automatic reversal ......................................... 341
journal ................................................................. 341
Posting deferral .......................................... 340, 341
Posting key .......................................... 120, 145, 157
account type ..................................................... 122
conflicting field status .................................. 121
definition ............................................................ 121
range .................................................................... 122
Posting period variant ....................................... 145
Posting schema .................................................... 347
Practice questions ............................................... 146
Primary cost and revenue account .............. 100
Profit center .................................................... 86, 101
hierarchy ..................................................... 86, 101
maintenance ..................................................... 102
Profitability analysis ............................................ 91
Purchase order accruals .................................... 348
R
Reconcile GR/IR Accounts app ....................... 363
Reconciliation account ........................... 235, 236
alternative ......................................................... 236
Recurring journal entry .......................... 342, 374
Release approval path ........................................ 431
Release group ........................................................ 431
Reporting ................................................................ 237
accounts payable overview ........................ 239
accounts receivable overview .................... 238
balances .............................................................. 240
characteristic .................................................... 374
item status ......................................................... 240
key figured ......................................................... 375
447
448
Index
Reporting (Cont.)
line item .............................................................. 240
Reverse Accrual/Deferral Documents
app ........................................................................ 341
Reversing documents .............................. 138, 139
reversal reasons ............................................... 140
Revise Payment Proposal app ........................ 213
Rules .......................................................................... 431
S
Sales and distribution .......................................... 91
SAP Ariba .................................................................. 51
SAP Best Practices ....................... 38, 79, 264, 323
SAP Business Planning and
Consolidation ................................................... 322
SAP Business Technology
Platform ............................................... 47, 66, 363
SAP Business Workflow ................. 387, 431, 436
SAP Cash Application ......................................... 255
SAP Community .................................................... 42
SAP Concur ............................................................... 51
SAP Customer Experience ................................. 50
SAP ERP ................................................. 101, 110, 308
SAP ERP Financials .................................... 162, 386
SAP ERP HCM .......................................................... 90
SAP Fieldglass .......................................................... 50
SAP Financial Closing cockpit ........................ 322
SAP Fiori .............................. 46, 54, 67, 70, 73, 191,
234, 329–331, 387
app custimization ............................................ 60
browser ................................................................. 60
for SAP S/4HANA ....................................... 55, 67
launchpad ............................................................ 46
theme ..................................................................... 63
tiles ......................................................................... 60
user experience .................................................. 55
user interface ............................................... 46, 54
SAP Fiori apps reference library ...................... 41
SAP Fiori launchpad .......... 46, 55, 58, 60, 67, 73
designer .................................................. 64, 65, 67
SAP Gateway ..................................................... 54, 67
server ..................................................................... 64
SAP GUI ............................................ 54, 55, 306, 329
SAP HANA ................................................... 46, 48, 71
architecture ......................................................... 48
columnar store ........................................... 49, 69
compression ........................................................ 49
database ............................................................... 68
in-memory database ....................................... 48
SAP Help Portal ...................................................... 38
SAP Information Lifecycle Management .. 428
SAP Learning Hub .......................................... 30–32
SAP Learning Rooms ............................................ 31
Index
SAP Live Access ............................................... 29, 31
SAP Live Class ........................................................... 29
SAP Logon .................................................................. 54
SAP Product Assistance ....................................... 40
SAP S/4HANA ..... 46, 50, 67, 69, 72, 77, 79, 104,
110, 163, 259, 262, 264, 272, 291, 322, 336
administrator settings .................................... 78
backend server .................................................... 54
customizing ...................................................... 140
deployment .......................................................... 52
system landscape .............................................. 54
SAP S/4HANA adoption ....................................... 53
landscape transformation ............................. 53
new implementation ........................................ 53
system conversion ............................................. 53
SAP S/4HANA Financial Closing cockpit ... 367
dependency configuration .......................... 370
task list ...................................................... 370, 375
task template ................................................... 375
task templates ................................................. 368
SAP SuccessFactors ................................................ 50
SAP Training and Adoption courses ............... 27
SAP user enablement videos ............................. 40
SAPUI5 ........................................................................ 54
Screen layout ......................................................... 268
definition ............................................................ 268
tab layout ................................................ 269, 271
Secondary cost account .................................... 100
Segment ............................................................. 87, 96
definition ............................................................... 87
reporting ............................................................ 146
Set .................................................................... 416, 431
basic ..................................................................... 417
create ................................................................... 416
multiset ............................................................... 417
Special general ledger accounting ................ 230
configuration ................................................... 232
indicator ................................................... 234, 243
indicators ........................................ 231, 232, 234
Standard ledger .................................................... 146
Stay-current materials ......................................... 37
Stock valuation ........................................... 366, 375
Substitution ....................................... 407–411, 431
define ................................................................... 413
fields ..................................................................... 411
method ................................................................ 412
rule definition .................................................. 418
Supplier Invoice Search app ............................... 58
T
Target audience ....................................................... 15
Tax code ........................................................ 125, 146
category .............................................................. 126
Tax code (Cont.)
management .................................................... 126
Tax handling ................................................ 123, 124
sales tax .............................................................. 124
value-added tax .............................................. 124
withholding tax ............................................... 124
Tax procedure ....................................................... 124
Technical clearing account .............................. 309
Time-dependent tax (TDT) .............................. 125
Tips .............................................................................. 35
exam taking ........................................................ 32
Tolerance group ......................................... 122, 146
maintainence ................................................... 123
Trading partner ...................................................... 85
Transaction
ABLDT .................................................................. 305
AS100 ................................................................... 308
AS91 ...................................................................... 305
BAUP .................................................................... 388
BIC2 ....................................................................... 388
F110 ....................................................................... 213
FB50 ...................................................................... 135
FBZP ...................................................................... 198
FTXP ..................................................................... 157
LSMW ................................................................... 308
LTMC .................................................................... 306
SU01 ............................................................ 190, 252
SU10 ...................................................................... 252
Transactional app .................................................. 57
Transactional data ............................................... 153
U
UI theme designer ................................................. 63
Universal Journal ... 76, 109, 111, 128, 179, 193
US generally accepted accounting
principles ............................................................. 87
User-defined field ................................................ 270
V
Validation ........................................... 407–410, 431
definition ............................................................ 414
rule definition ................................................... 418
Valuation
area ....................................................................... 375
area definition ................................................. 353
configuration ................................................... 352
delta posting logic .......................................... 354
exchange rate differences ........................... 354
foreign currencies ........................................... 354
foreign currency .............................................. 352
method ................................................................ 375
results .................................................................. 356
run ......................................................................... 358
selection parameters ........................... 354, 355
Valuation method ............................................... 357
Value adjustment
flat-rate ..................................................... 357, 358
individual ........................................................... 357
Verify General Journal Entries –
For Requester app ........................................... 403
Verify Journal Entries – For Processor
app ........................................................................ 403
W
Warehouse management ................................... 91
Workflow ................................................................. 431
subworkflow ..................................................... 431
variant ................................................................. 431
Z
Zero-balance clearing line formation ......... 132
449
First-hand knowledge.
Stefanos Pougkas is the certification exam owner for the 1909
and 2020 exams, and has led the effort to design and write questions for these exams. More generally, at SAP Education, he is part
of the learning architect team and is responsible for the financials
curriculum. He is a subject matter expert for financials courses and
lead trainer in the global SAP Financials learning room.
Stefanos Pougkas
SAP S/4HANA Financial Accounting Certification Guide: Application Associate Exam
339 Pages, 3rd, updated and revised edition 2021, $79.95
ISBN 978-1-4932-2127-1
www.sap-press.com/5310
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