ASSESSMENT OF THE ABDOMEN
PEPTIC ULCER
• PEPTIC ULCER, or open sores, that form in the lining of
the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine when acid
eats away the protective mucous covering and erodes
the underlying lining of these organs.
• GASTRIC ULCER - ulcer in the stomach
• Helicobacter pylori
PEPTIC ULCER
Other symptoms:
chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, black
or tarry stools, and vomiting, which
may be bloody
Signs & Symptoms:
• painful
• can bleed
• some people experience no pain until the ulcer is quite advanced
If left untreated:
üinternal bleeding
üinfection
üscar tissue
üabdominal pain, felt anywhere between the sternum and navel
üburning sensation that often wakes the client in the night
üworse on an empty stomach (often temporarily relieved with acidreducing medications / foods)
üfeeling of fullness that leads to reduced fluid and food intake, hunger, an
empty feeling 1 to 3 hours after a meal
ümild nausea
PEPTIC ULCER
Screening:
At present, there is no recommendation for screening
for peptic ulcer disease.
PEPTIC ULCER
PEPTIC ULCER
GASTROESOPHAGEAL DISEASE
• GERD
• a digestive disease that occurs when stomach acid or contents flow
back into the esophagus. The backwash (reflux) irritates the lining
of the esophagus, and, if left untreated, over time, chronic
esophageal irritation can lead to serious complications.
• These complications include narrowing of the esophagus
(esophageal stricture), esophageal ulcer, or Barrett esophagus, a
condition involving precancerous changes in the esophagus (Mayo
Clinic, 2020a).
GASTROESOPHAGEAL DISEASE
• When both acid reflux and heartburn occur at least twice a week,
or interfere with daily life, it is recommended that a person see a
health care provider, as permanent damage to the esophagus can
result.
• Symptoms of GERD include hoarseness, laryngitis, chronic dry
cough, asthma or worsening of asthma symptoms, feeling as if
there is a lump in the throat, sudden increase in saliva, bad breath
(halitosis), earaches, and/or chest pain or discomfort (seek
emergency care for chest pain) (Cleveland Clinic, 2019).
GASTROESOPHAGEAL DISEASE
Symptoms:
ühoarseness
ülaryngitis
üchronic dry cough
üasthma or worsening of asthma symptoms
üfeeling as if there is a lump in the throat
üsudden increase in saliva
übad breath (halitosis)
üEaraches
üchest pain or discomfort
GASTROESOPHAGEAL DISEASE
Screening:
Upper Endoscopy
GASTROESOPHAGEAL DISEASE
GASTROESOPHAGEAL DISEASE
GASTROESOPHAGEAL DISEASE