NAME OF THE PROGRAM COURSE TITLE General Education PREREQUISITE/ CO-REQUISITE None COURSE OUTCOME MODULE 1 LESSON LEARNING OUTCOME/S TOPICS WEEK / INCLUSIVE DATE MODALITY ▪ Readings in Philippine History COURSE CODE COURSE UNIT SOC 101 3 units CO1: Discuss the importance of primary and secondary sources in Philippine history and comprehend the meaning of history as an academic discipline Learning History – Part One After successful completion of this module, you should be able to: a. explain the relevance of studying history as an academic discipline and its underlying philosophy and methodology; and b. cite primary sources for their credibility, authenticity, and provenance. ⮚ Relevance of studying history ⮚ Meaning of history as an academic discipline and its underlying philosophy and methodology ⮚ History and historiography Week 2 August 22-27, 2022 Synchronous (Zoom/Microsoft Teams/RingCentral) Asynchronous (Neo LMS) LESSON PROPER Why study history? History is the study of change, and historians are specialists in analyzing and interpreting changes in human identity as well as changes in society and civilizations over time. The different ways that people have differed in their ideas, institutions, and cultural practices; the extent to which their experiences have varied by time and place; and the difficulties they have faced while living in a common world are some of the historical questions they attempt to answer and the diversity of past human experience they attempt to reconstruct. By combining details from many sources, historians can create narratives that offer important insights on both the past and the present. By analyzing how the past has affected (and is still forming) relationships between societies and individuals on a local, national, and global scale, studying history aids us in understanding and addressing difficult challenges and conundrums. History as an academic discipline Everyone has a history and a tale to share about the past. Every part of this globe has a past and a history, including cities, nations, and entire civilizations. The past, however, is not the same as that history. What is history, exactly? What distinguishes it from prehistoric times and the past? In this lesson, we examine these ideas. When we discuss history as a subject of study, we are referring to the body of knowledge that deals with the interpretation of the past, particularly by historians. These are the people who investigate past results, examine them, and then elaborate on them. History can be viewed of more broadly as the study of the past by anybody, including academics, researchers, laypeople interested in history, and the general public. History is a field of study, and as such, historical studies include one essential component. No matter the research, studying historical events always involves some level of interpretation. Philosophy of History The human mind is fundamentally shaped by the idea of history. It raises questions about the supposed significance of historical events as well as human action, change, and the place of material circumstances in human affairs. By comprehending the events, decisions, and conditions that led us to our current situation, it suggests the prospect of "learning from history" and the potential for a deeper knowledge of ourselves in the present. Therefore, it is not strange that philosophers occasionally focus on attempts to analyze history and the nature of historical knowledge. For the same reasons that the history of everything is relevant, the history of philosophy is generally relevant to matters of human affairs. Knowing our origins helps us make sense of where we are as well as where we might be going. Historical Methodology On the other hand, the study of history is the study of change across time. Historians try to explain this change in some detail. The way that historians use to do this is collectively referred to as historical methodology. The historical method is used by historians to gather evidence of historical events, assess the evidence, and interpret what the data indicates about historical events. History research is not a science. However, a lot of the historical method's components take a scientific approach and necessitate analysis, critical thought, and judgment. However, understanding the history is ultimately influenced by the prejudice of the person drawing the findings. Because of this, historical events may be interpreted differently even when they are supported by the same pieces of evidence. Historical Writing Finding and evaluating information. Paying attention to structural concerns, are all necessary for historical writing. There are several questions that a historian must address in their writing. These inquiries cover both why and how in addition to just what happened. The author must also discuss the event's history, the key players, important dates, and how the event may affect developments in the future. It is because of this structure and in-depth factual investigation that historical writing is challenging. Objectivity. Writing historical material must be objective. A writer shouldn't allow their prejudices to taint their work. Writers must refrain from assigning values to historical occurrences. They should thoroughly examine their conclusions for any potential bias. The writer should pause and consider whether the problem is with the source material. Analysis. Historical writing involves more than just assembling notes from diverse sources. The author must include analysis and personal reflections on the issue. A writer can frequently develop such material when taking a break from writing, allowing them to engage in activities other than staring at a page of notes. History and Historiography Both historiography and history are concerned with the past. Historiography is the study of history writing, while history is the study of the past as it relates to humanity. Historiography is the writing of the past based on critical analysis and the evaluation of sources, whereas history is the study of the past and might involve writing about it. Historiography refers to any historical writing about a certain topic. Books and records are also used as sources in history and historiography. Writing about history is the subject of historiography. It is the “study of the history of history” in its broadest meaning (as it is described by historians). Famous Historians in the Philippines Teodoro Agoncillo Agoncillo wrote abundant books and papers about Philippine History. To name a number of his famous works are History of the Filipino People; The Crisis of the Republic; The Revolt of the Masses. Encarnacion Alzona Alzona was a reputed historian and guru to a generation of other famous historian’s and at the same time as University of the Philippines professor in history. Gregorio Zaide Legendary historian to Philippine history, Dr. Zaide has made noteworthy contributions. A diligent scholar, he authored 67 books, some were use as textbooks in history for secondary and colleges in the country. Ambeth R. Ocampo A Filipino public historian, academic, cultural administrator, journalist, author, and independent curator, was born in Manila in 1961. He is well recognized for his authoritative publications about José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. Michael Charleston "Xiao" Briones Chua Born January 19, 1984, is a Filipino historian, academic, and television personality. He is best known for his scholarly works on Philippine history and for his numerous appearances as a commentator on historical subjects on Philippine television. At the moment, he teaches at De La Salle University. ▪ ACTIVITY/ EXERCISE/ASSIGNMENT Activity 1: Online Forum ⮚ Share your insights about the questions below and post it in the forum section of the NEO LMS. 1) What particular History of the Philippines do you want to study? Why? 2) If you will be given a chance to exhume an original account referring to Philippine History, what would it be? Why? Activity 2: Reflection Essay ⮚ Why studying history is relevant in our daily lives? ⮚ Submit your work on the drop box via NEO LMS. ▪ EQUIPMENT OR MATERIALS TO BE USED (for face-to-face) None ▪ PRACTICAL EXERCISES (for face-to-face) None ▪ SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS Read: Cheprasov, A. (n.d.). Important points of historical writing. Link: http://writing2.richmond.edu/training/project/history/fpbody.html Read: García-Bullé, S. (2022, January 11). What is the difference of History and historiography? Link: https://observatory.tec.mx/edu-news/history/ ▪ REFERENCES Howell and Prevenier from Reliable Sources, (pp. 17-68). Keyser, A. Sullivan, N. & Little, D. (2020). Philosophy of history. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/history/ Keyser, A. Sullivan, N. & Little, D. (2019). Historical Methodology: Historical Evidence and Interpreting History. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/history/ Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History, (pp. 41-61, 1 17-170). NAME OF THE PROGRAM COURSE TITLE General Education PREREQUISITE/ CO-REQUISITE COURSE OUTCOME None MODULE 2 LESSON LEARNING OUTCOME/S TOPICS WEEK / INCLUSIVE DATE MODALITY ▪ Readings in Philippine History COURSE CODE COURSE UNIT SOC 101 3 units CO1: Discuss the importance of primary and secondary sources in Philippine history and comprehend the meaning of history as an academic discipline Learning History – Part Two After successful completion of this module, you should be able to: a. explain the relevance of studying history as an academic discipline and its underlying philosophy and methodology; and b. cite primary sources for their credibility, authenticity, and provenance. ⮚ Distinction of primary and secondary sources ⮚ Repositories of primary sources, and different kinds of primary sources and examples of historical criticism Week 3-4 ● August 30-September 2, 2022 ● September 5-7 to September 8, 2022 Synchronous (Zoom/Microsoft Teams/RingCentral) Asynchronous (Neo LMS) LESSON PROPER Historical Evidence What exactly is historical evidence? Anything intimately connected to a prior event, person, or era is considered historical evidence. It gives details that could aid in our understanding of what occurred before our examination. A historian starts by looking for and gathering various pieces of evidence related to the particular history they are researching. They must take into account which of the evidence's sources are primary and which are secondary when doing so. Primary sources were "eyewitnesses," or participants in the actual history, of the event. Secondary sources have arrived to us via a middleman of some sort. They were not "eyewitnesses" to history since they were not personally involved in the events we are investigating. A primary source, is intimately related to the history we are studying because it truly originates from the past. In the framework of historical study, there are many different primary sources. The historian must choose which types of sources to emphasize for their particular research topic. ⮚ Example of Primary Sources ● Written records, such as letters, diaries, journals, official documents, and speeches, are included here (written or printed) ● Books, periodicals, diaries, autobiographies, printed government documents, maps, and other printed materials produced or published at the time ● Visual sources include photographs, artwork (at-the-time made sketches, drawings, paintings, sculptures), and video recordings (this can also be an audio source) ● Audio sources include any recordings of sound that were made during the period being studied, including tapes, LPs, digital audio files, speeches, and interviews (recorded) ● Physical sources: artifacts, or things connected to or used during the historical era (frequently found during archaeological investigations) (historical evidence definition does not define the object - it can be anything) Secondary sources are items that were produced by someone who did not personally experience the history under study. A secondary source typically draws its information from primary sources and bases its interpretation on the data presented there. Secondary sources give us access to current historical interpretations and are helpful when attempting to comprehend another person's view of historical events. ⮚ Example of Secondary Sources ● Published sources are books, articles, or essays written about historical events that the author did not personally see ● Audio sources: songs and podcasts regarding historical events ● Visual sources include artwork produced by someone to depict a historical event they did not witness and videos that are not authentic recordings of historical events (a video of the 9/11 twin towers collapse is a main source, but a show or movie about 9/11 is not) What is Historical Criticism? A specific type of literary study called historical criticism considers a text in the perspective of all of human history. A common name for this style of analysis is higher criticism. In historic criticism, scholars frequently compare works from the same era, drawing on additional sources to gain a deeper knowledge of how a particular piece interacted with its surroundings when it was created. The examination of the vast category of historical writing generally referred to as "holy texts," which includes the analysis of the Bible, a book that informs much of Western civilization in numerous ways, is one example of applying historical styles of critique. In cultures that place a high importance on the Bible, the use of historical criticism or analysis has stirred up a lot of debate. ⮚ How did things used to be is a question that historical research answers? Historical scholars must decide between external and internal criticism. The authenticity of the document is the subject of external criticism. Researchers must decide whether a document's content is accurate after it has been confirmed to be authentic. Internal criticism, on the other hand, tries to prove the document's content's reliability. The process of determining if the information contained in a document is reliable is known as internal criticism. Its aim is to determine whether the contents of the document can be trusted. It is concerned with the veracity of the information. The material is subjected to internal scrutiny to identify any inaccuracies or fabrications. The process of reconstructing historical narratives is crucial and important. Reasons why historians conduct historical research - to apply prior knowledge to current issues - to make forecasts about the present based on historical data - to comprehend current procedures and guidelines in the context of the past - to look at trends across time ▪ ACTIVITY/ EXERCISE/ASSIGNMENT Activity 1: Reflection Essay ⮚ Discuss the importance of analyzing historical evidence in understanding what happened in the past and how people responded to those events. ⮚ Submit your work on the drop box via NEO LMS. Activity 2: Research Work I. Visit the National Archives of the Philippine (NAP). II. Afterwards, research one (1) primary source in Philippine History. ▪ III. Analyze credibility, authenticity, and provenance of the primary source that you have researched. IV. Submit your work on the drop box via NEO LMS. EQUIPMENT OR MATERIALS TO BE USED (for face-to-face) None ▪ PRACTICAL EXERCISES (for face-to-face) None ▪ SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS Read: Cheprasov, A. (n.d.). Important points of historical writing. Link: http://writing2.richmond.edu/training/project/history/fpbody.html Read: García-Bullé, S. (2022). What is the difference of History and historiography? Link: https://observatory.tec.mx/edu-news/history/ ▪ REFERENCES Keyser, A. Sullivan, N. & Little, D. (2020). Philosophy of history. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/history/ Keyser, A. Sullivan, N. & Little, D. (2019). Historical Methodology: Historical Evidence and Interpreting History. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/history/
