INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
INFROMATION
Refers to the knowledge obtained from reading,
investigation, study or research, in other wards
information is processed / summarized data that
has been organized and arranged in a manner
that gives a meaning to the recipient and aids
him or her in decision making.
DATA
Raw facts and figures that are processed into
information
COMMUNICATION
 Is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process whereby
information is exchanged between individuals using
symbols, signs or verbal interactions.
Previously communication was done using symbols, poetry,
performing drama
With the advent of technology communication is done by the
use internet, email, or video conferencing, chatting,
whatsapp etc.
Communication is important in order to gain knowledge and
with knowledge one is more confident in expressing their
thoughts and ideas
TECHNOLOGY
 The Application of Scientific knowledge, experience
and resources to create processes and products that
fulfil human needs.
OR
 The application of scientific knowledge to make
different operations easier and more convenient.
Technology is vital in communication
 Aiding communication: Telephone, mobile phones,
television
 Spreading communication; news broadcast, weather
reports
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
 Information Technology, commonly referred to as
IT
 Information Technology is a term used to describe
the range of products and systems which handle,
manage, process and produce information using a
computer and other communication devices.
 IT is the hardware and software used to create,
store, transmit, manipulate and display
information and data especially by the aid of
Computers
 IT
is foundational to modern society,
impacting almost every aspect of our daily
lives and the operations of organizations
across all sectors.
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
 Is the Technology required for information
processing, in particular, the use of
electronic
computers,
communication
devices and software applications to
covert, store, protect, process, transmit
and retrieve information from anywhere,
any time.
IT vs ICT
 IT is often considered a subset of ICT that deals with the
technical aspects of managing information while ICT is a
broader term that encompasses both IT and
communication technologies
 IT deals primarily with computer hardware, software and
networking technologies, ICT includes not only these
technologies but also communication technologies such as
telegraph, telephone etc.
Key Components of IT:
 Hardware: Physical devices such as computers, servers, networking
equipment, and peripheral devices.
 Software: Programs and applications that run on hardware, including
operating systems, productivity software, and specialized
applications.
 Data: Digital information that is processed and managed by IT
systems.
 Networks: Communication systems that connect different hardware
components and enable data exchange, including the internet,
intranets, and extranets.
 Processes and Procedures: Standardized methods and practices for
using IT effectively and securely.
Importance of IT:
 Business Operations: IT is essential for day-to-day
operations in businesses, enabling everything from
communication and collaboration to data management
and transaction processing.
 Healthcare: IT systems are used to manage patient
records, support telemedicine, and enhance diagnostic
tools.
 Education: IT provides platforms for e-learning, virtual
classrooms, and educational resources.
Importance of IT Cont……..
 Government:
IT supports the efficient
delivery of public services, e-governance,
and
data
management
for
public
administration.
 Personal Use: IT impacts our personal lives
through social media, online shopping,
entertainment, and personal productivity
tools.
Effects of ICT
 Home
and domestic activities e.g. control of washing
machines, refrigerators, phones etc.
 Social
Networking,
sites like FB, Whatsup, Twitter,
Instagram, snap chat, viber, next-door etc.
 Education/E-learning, Odel, zoom
 Shopping /E-Commerce
 Banking
 Employment/jobs
Impact of ICT on Society

ICT has reshaped the world’s economic landscape and workforce dynamics

E-commerce has created new opportunities for businesses and consumers alike supporting
globalization by enabling transactions and interactions beyond borders

Smart cities are improving urban living by leveraging IT and communication Technology to
improve transportation, public service and municipal infrastructure

Digital literacy has become a necessary skill for every one

Environmental effects of ICT have been profound. Data centers and electronics require
significant amounts of power.
Other impacts of ICT both positive and negative in our daily lives

Social relations

Information sharing

Communication

Entertainment

Self employment

Paperless environment

Health literacy
Negative

Reduced face to face interactions

Social disconenect

Health problems

Cost

Job loss

Loss of privacy
Role of IT Professionals:
 IT professionals are responsible for designing,
implementing, managing, and maintaining IT systems.
They ensure that technology is aligned with the goals
and needs of organizations and individuals.
 Roles within IT include system administrators, network
engineers, software developers, cybersecurity
specialists, and IT support technicians.
Future of IT
 The
field of IT is continually evolving with
advancements in technology. Emerging trends
include cloud computing, artificial intelligence
(AI), machine learning, big data analytics, the
Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain
technology. These advancements promise to
further transform how information is managed
and utilized, driving innovation and efficiency in
various domains.
A computer
Is an electronic device capable of inputting,
storing, processing, manipulating/analysing
and outputting large sets of data or
information.
Characteristics of Computers
 Speed, The computer is a very high speed electronic
device capable of handling large tasks in short time.
 Storage, Computers have a capacity to store a lot of data
in a small space. The storage can be on temporary or on
permanent basis.
 Accuracy, In addition to being very fast, computer is also
very accurate device.
 Diligent, A computer can continually work for hours without
creating any error. It does not get tired or bored
 Automation, A computer can automatically perform operations
without interfering the user during the operations. Artificial
Intelligence
 Computers are artificially intelligent. They can respond to requests
given to them and provide solutions.
 Versatility, This is with respect to inputs it can accept. a computer
can do all computations with not only numbers but also with
alphabets, pictures, sound, images captured etc.
 Reliability, The electronic components in modern computer have
very low failure rate.

USES OF COMPUTERS

Now-a-days computer is playing a main role in everyday life it has become
the need of people just like television, telephone or other
electronic
devices at home. It solves the human problems very quickly
as well as
accurately. There are several uses of computers: -

Word Processing

Internet

Digital video or audio composition

Desktop publishing

Computers in Medicine

Mathematical Calculations

Banks Travel

Telecommunications

Defence

E-Learning Gambling

Examinations

Computers in Business

Certificates

ATM machines

Marriage

News

Classmates

Robotics - Robots are controlled by software.

Washing Machines

Microwave Oven

Planning and Scheduling

Plagiarism

Greeting Cards

Sports

Aeroplanes

Weather analysis