1. Which register in a CPU is used to hold the memory address of the next instruction to be executed in a program? A) Instruction Register (R) B) Memory Address Register (MAR) C) Accumulator (A) D) Program Counter (PC) 2. What is the primary function of the Memory Buffer Register (MBR) in a CPU? A) Holding the current instruction being decoded and executed B) Storing memory addresses involved in instructions held in the Instruction Register (IR) C) Holding the result of operations performed by the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) D) Temporarily storing instructions or data obtained from memory or elsewhere before further processing 3. What component of a CPU is responsible for creating control signals that inform other parts of the processor about the actions, steps, and data they should be using to process instructions? A) Decoder B) Timer or Clock C) Control Logic Circuits D) Arithmetic and Logic Unit 4. What is the primary responsibility of the control unit within a CPU? A) Performing arithmetic and logic operations B) Storing and retrieving data and instructions C) Issuing control signals to other areas of the processor and instructing them on the next operation to be performed D) Holding the results of operations and storing information about the last operation carried out by the ALU 5. How are addition and subtraction operations typically performed within a CPU? A) Through dedicated floating-point hardware within the CPU B) Using additional chips known as math co-processors C) By constructs of logic gates such as half adders and full adders, with the aid of inverters and two's complement' arithmetic D) By shifting operations using a shift register 6. Which operation involves comparing values to determine whether one number is greater than, less than, or equal to another? A) Addition B) Multiplication C) Logical tests D) Comparison 7. Which component of the CPU is responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations such as addition, subtraction, and Boolean/logic operations? A) Control Unit B) Register Array C) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) D) Memory Address Register 8. What is the main function of the Control Unit within the CPU? A) Performing arithmetic and logic operations B) Storing and retrieving data and instructions C) Decoding instructions, providing timing and control signals, and synchronizing the execution of instructions D) Holding the results of operations and storing information about the last operation carried out by the ALU 9. What component of a microprocessor system is responsible for coordinating operations and communicating with external devices by carrying signals relating to control and coordination of various activities across the computer? A) Address Bus B) Data Bus C) Control Bus D) CPU 10. What component of a microprocessor system is responsible for coordinating operations and communicating with external devices by carrying signals relating to control and coordination of various activities across the computer? A) Address Bus B) Data Bus C) Control Bus D) CPU 11. What term describes an external socket on a microprocessor system where peripheral devices such as printers, keyboards, or network cables are plugged in? A) RAM B) ROM C) CPU D) Input/output (I/0) port 12. Which type of memory is primarily used for storing data that is utilized by the system during program execution? A) ROM B) Cache Memory C) Hard Disk D) RAM 13. What is the main function of cache memory in a computer system? A) Storing the system program for the system to operate B) Temporary storage of frequently used data C) Storing and retrieving digital information, primarily computer data D) Storing step-by-step instructions for the system to operate 14. Which component of a computer system is responsible for controlling operations by fetching instructions from memory and executing them? A) Memory B) 1/0 Ports C) Buses D) Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Microprocessor 15. Which of the following statements accurately describes microprocessors? A) Microprocessors are equipped with CPU, RAM, ROM, and other peripherals on the same chip. B) Microprocessors are designed for specific tasks where the relationship between input and output is defined. C) Microprocessors typically operate at lower clock speeds compared to microcontrollers. D) Microprocessors require external addition of resources like RAM, ROM, and 1/0 ports to function. 16. In which type of applications are microcontrollers commonly used? A) Applications where tasks are unspecific and require high resources like RAM and ROM. B) Applications that require high clock speeds and complex processing tasks. C) Applications where the relationship between input and output is defined and specific tasks need to be performed. D) Applications where external peripherals like keyboards, mouse, and digicams are required. 17. Which of the following companies is known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors? A) Apple B) Hewlett-Packard C) Texas Instruments D) ARM 18. During which year did Intel introduce its Core 2 Duo processor featuring a Level 2 cache of 4 MB and approximately 253 million transistors? A) July 2006 B) November 2006 C) January 2009 D) February 1982 19. Which processor architecture marked the beginning of the multi-core era, combining multiple processor cores with graphics processing functionality? A) Core 2 Duo B) Core i3, Core iS, Core 17 C) 286 D) Larrabee 20. Based on the provided timeline of microprocessor developments, which processor marked the beginning of the multi-core era, combining multiple processor cores with graphics processing functionality? A) Pentium 4 B) Core 2 Duo C) Core 2 Extreme QX6700 D) Larrabee 21. What are some common uses of general-purpose microprocessors in personal computers? A) Industrial process control and robotics B) Digital control of appliances and automobiles C) Computation, text editing, multimedia display, and internet communication D) Cellular phone network management 22. What is the primary function of a microprocessor in a microcomputer system? A) Providing power to peripheral devices B) Processing digital data according to stored instructions C) Transmitting data wirelessly D) Storing data in non-volatile memory 23. Which statement accurately describes the historical development of microprocessors? A) Microprocessors first emerged in the late 1990s for use in personal computers. B) The earliest microprocessors were primarily used in industrial machinery. C) Affordable 8-bit microprocessors with 16-bit addressing led to the first general-purpose microcomputers in the mid-1970s. D) Microprocessors were initially used exclusively for telecommunications. 24. Which Arduino model is equipped with 54 digital pins, 16 analog inputs, and 4 serial ports? A) Arduino Uno (R3) B) Arduino Nano C) RedBoard D) Mega 2560 Rev3 25. Which Arduino model is notable for being the first development board to utilize a single microcontroller with built-in USB, allowing for cheaper and simpler designs, and featuring code libraries enabling the board to emulate a computer keyboard, mouse, and more? A) Arduino Uno (R3) B) Arduino Nano (C) Arduino Leonardo D) Arduino Mega (R3) 26. Which Arduino model is suitable for projects requiring numerous digital inputs or outputs, featuring 54 digital input/output pins (14 PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power jack, and a reset button? A) Arduino Uno (R3) B) Arduino Nano C) RedBoard D) Arduino Mega (R3) 27. Which Arduino-compatible board offers stable programming via a USB Mini-B cable, compatibility with Windows 8 without requiring changes to security settings, and the ability to power the board via USB or a barrel jack with a voltage range of 7 to 15VDC? A) Arduino Uno (R3) B) Arduino Nano C) RedBoard D) LityPad Arduino 28. Which Arduino model is specifically designed for wearable technology and can be sewn into clothing using conductive thread? A) Arduino Uno (R3) B) Arduino Nano C) Arduino Mega D) LilyPad Arduino 29. Which Arduino model is recommended for beginners due to its versatile features, including digital and analog inputs/outputs, PWM outputs, USB connection, power jack, and reset button? A) Arduino Nano B) Arduino Mega C) Arduino Uno (R3) D) Arduino Due 30. Which of the following terms are commonly associated with Arduino hardware or pins? A) USB connection B) Alligator clips C) Bluetooth module D) Ethernet port E) HDMI output 31. Who is the target audience for Arduino hardware and software, and what types of devices can Arduino interact with? A) Engineers and scientists; limited to basic electronic components B) Artists, designers, hobbyists, hackers, and newcomers; restricted to computer peripherals C) Students and educators; compatible only with specific Arduino modules D) Artists, designers, hobbyists, hackers, newcomers, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments; a wide range of electronic components, including buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet, smartphones, and TVs 32. Which advantage does Arduino offer in terms of hardware accessibility and programming simplicity? A) Compatibility with various programming languages and complex hardware setups B) Dependence on an external programmer and intricate coding requirements C) Utilization of a USB cable for code uploading and utilization of a simplified version of C++ D) Requirement of advanced knowledge in micro-controller architecture and assembiy language 33. What advantage does Arduino offer in terms of programming and hardware interfacing? A) Requires a separate programmer and complex software setup B) Utilizes a proprietary programming language and complex hardware interface C) Uses a USB cable for code uploading and employs a simplified version of C++ D) Requires advanced knowledge architecture and assembly language of micro-controller 34. What is the primary target audience for Arduino hardware and software? A) Engineers and scientists B) Artists, designers, hobbyists, hackers, and newcomers C) Government agencies D) Financial institutions 35. Which of the following devices can Arduino interact with? A) Refrigerators and washing machines B) Cars and airplanes C) Buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet, smartphones, and TVs D) Medical equipment only