Intellectual Property & Patents Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Intellectual Property (IP) What is intellectual property? • Intellectual property is an intangible, e.g. an invention or discovery that can be bought, sold, or licensed • It can be protected by patents, trade secrets, copyrights, and trademarks, which prevents others from the unauthorized manufacture, copying, use or sale of the property Whose property is it? • The Patent Policies of most US universities state that any invention developed at the university by university employees or resulting from research carried out under university auspices must be disclosed • University has the right to take over the rights to the invention (in which case the rights must be assigned to university) or return the rights to the inventor(s) • If university takes the rights, it will also enter into a revenue-sharing agreement with the inventor(s); at NYU, the net royalties are split 15% to NYU Office of Industrial Liaison (OIL), 42.5% to NYU, and 42.5% to the inventor(s) - NYU covers patent expenses, etc. Intellectual Property & Patents Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Patents • Most often (except perhaps for some software), an invention or discovery is protected by a patent, which excludes others from making, using, or selling the IP for 20 years from the date of filing in the United States; different outside of the US • US patent law has been changed to conform with laws of other countries What is patentable? • Any process, machine, manufacture, compound, or composition of matter, or a new and useful improvement on any of those, may be patentable, provided the inventor is capable of making a disclosure which would enable a person of ordinary skill in art to make and use the invention without extensive research or experimentation • The invention must be useful (i.e. practical, not a mere laboratory curiosity), novel (i.e. has not been known or used by others, and not obvious (to any person of ordinary skill – and here is the root cause of most patent litigation, the terms obvious and ordinary skill are not well defined and subjective !) • Equations and natural phenomena CANNOT be patented BUT: what about genes ? Not so easy ! Intellectual Property & Patents Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Public Disclosure • Premature disclosure of an invention jeopardizes the right to patent protection. US patent law allows a one-year grace period between the first public disclosure of an invention and the filing of a patent application; however, almost all other countries do not and the right of patent protection is lost immediately upon disclosure. • Public disclosure is any written or oral communication of details of the invention, e.g. its appearance in university newsletters, newspapers, abstracts and presentations, or through the public discussion at a conference. So be careful ! • A Nondisclosure or Confidentiality Agreement makes the disclosure non-public ! Priority • All countries now have a “first to file”, not a “first to invent” policy IP and federally funded Research • The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 allowed universities to control the IP that results from federally funded research (subject to a “shop right” for the government). Intellectual Property & Patents Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship What about inventions conceived by students ? Graduate and Undergraduate Students The principles below apply to students enrolled at NYU and non-enrolled visiting students. (1) Class Work: In general, NYU will NOT claim ownership of Inventions conceived, reduced to practice and developed by students as part of their uncompensated class work. Student compensation excludes financial aid without a work requirement (2) Other: NYU will claim ownership of the IP when a student, solely or jointly, conceives, reduces to practice, or develops an Invention in the course of (a) sponsored research (e.g., under a graduate or research fellowship or assistantship), incl. research for the student’s thesis/dissertation, (b) any research or other activity involving Substantial Use of University Resources, (c) participation as a team member in a University project involving other members of the University Community (unless all participating members are students acting in the capacity of students) or (d) employment or other compensated duties at NYU the Inventions are the property of NYU and the student shares in the proceeds as an Inventor, according to the NYU revenue sharing policy. Intellectual Property & Patents Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Of course, if you invent something in your spare time and you don’t use significant NYU support and facilities you, as a student, own the IP ! If the students own the IP, now what ? • Taking an invention from concept to the next step(s), incl. patenting the invention and protecting the patent, developing the technology to market readiness, identifying potential customers, articulating a clear value proposition, pitching the technology to investors, identifying industry partners, etc. requires money and/or access to test facilities – students usually do not have any money, nor easy access to facilities nor the proper skills • Solution 1: students go with the standard NYU patent policy – and share in the net revenue according to the NYU patent and revenue sharing policy • Solution 2: students go it alone, raise money, develop invention further • Solution 3: students work with NYU on a “hybrid” deal Technology Readiness Level Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) TRL 1 – basic principles observed TRL 2 – technology concept formulated TRL 3 – experimental proof of concept TRL 4 – technology validated in lab TRL 5 – technology validated in relevant (industrial) environment TRL 6 – technology demonstrated in relevant (industrial) environment TRL 7 – system prototype demonstrated in operational environment TRL 8 – system complete and qualified TRL 9 – actual system proven in operational environment university-driven proof-of-concept center/accelerator/incubator dominated (large-scale) industrial commercialization Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Universities – Incubators of Innovation Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Why do universities commercialize IP ? After Bayh – Dole (1980) that allowed universities to control the IP derived from federally-funded research, IP commercialization became another source of revenue/income for the universities. It is all about $$$ ! What are we talking about ? After Bayh – Dole (1980), research universities have accumulated large IP portfolios. The University of California System receives about 500 patents annually. New York University has about 1,200 patents (of which 60% are licensed). BUT: IBM has ~ 100,000 patents and receives close to 10,000 new patents per year; Microsoft owns ~ 85,000 patents and receives about 7,500 new patents per year. How do universities commercialize IP ? • Sell the patent – least lucrative financially • License the patent to a third party for commercialization • Form a partnership with a third party and jointly commercialize the IP • Create a spin-out company, i.e. through startup formation Universities – Incubators of Innovation Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship New York University Technology Transfer Statistics • NYU is a sustaining member of the US National Academy of Inventors (NAI) and NYU’s President, Andrew Hamilton, is an elected Fellow of the NAI (as am I) • ~1,200 patents were granted to NYU Faculty & Postdocs, 3/4 have been licensed • NYU is the #1 University (in the US) in license income (2007-2011 and 2004-2016) with $1.8B for the period 2007-2011 and $2.5B for 2004-2016 • NYU has formed >90 startups, more than 50 in the last 5 years • More than $1B in Venture Capital has been raised by NYU startups • 44 NYU products incl. 25 biomedical products are on the market • 15 NYU-developed products are in clinical trials NYU has: • 18 different Colleges and Schools, incl. a School of Medicine • About 50,000 Students • About 2,000 Professors • 12 Study Sites & 2 Portal Campus Locations World Wide (incl. NYU Berlin) IP Commercialization Commercialization Myth Basic & Applied Research Discovery / Invention / IP Creation Venture Formation & Growth Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship IP and IP commercialization Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship The Lean Launchpad (LLP) Methodology – Steve Blank Launching a new enterprise has always been hit-or-miss. Traditionally, you write a business plan, pitch it to investors, form a team, introduce a product, and start selling as hard as you can. However, about 80% of all new ventures fail. Reason: Startups are not simply smaller version of traditional larger businesses and their road to success follows a different trajectory. Solution: The LLP methodology introduced by Steve Blank. It favors: • experimentation over elaborate planning • customer feedback over intuition • iterative design over traditional “big design up front” development. Although the LLP methodology is only about 10 years old, its concepts such as “developing a minimum viable product (MVP)”, “getting out of the building, i.e. talking to potential customers”, “maximizing product-market fit”, and “pivoting in response to feedback” have quickly taken root in the startup world, and many business schools as well as incubators/accelerators have begun adapting their curricula to teach them. NSF I(nnovation)-Corps: The National Science Foundation made the LLP approach a cornerstone of its I-Corps Programs. IP Commercialization Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Commercialization Reality II Basic & Applied Research Discovery/ Invention / IP Creation Venture Formation & Growth The “technological valley of death” (or the “ditch of death”) and “money” is NOT the solution ! IP Commercialization Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Commercialization Reality III Basic & Applied Research Discovery / Invention / IP Creation Customer Discovery & Prototype Dev. Business Model & Team Formation • Customer/market discovery • Engineering/prototypes • Mentors and advisors • Collaborative spaces • Business leadership • Legal counsel • Capital The “technological valley of death” Venture Formation & Growth Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship at Tandon Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Business Model Canvas 1. What problem do you solve ? Guess Guess Facts Facts 3. Why would your Guess customers care? Guess Facts Guess Facts Facts Guess Guess Facts 2. Guess Who are your likely customers? Guess Facts NSF I-Corps Program Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Creation of the I-Corps Program, ~13 years ago • Maximizes impact of NSF investments – accelerate readiness to transition tech out of the lab • $50,000 grants to create prototypes & commercialization roadmaps • 7-week ‘bootcamp’ that leverages best practices such as the LLP Methodology • Facilitates team formation Principal Entrepreneurial Investigator (PI) Lead (EL) Industry Mentor (IM) • Creates a national network of scientists, engineers, innovators, business leaders and entrepreneurs • I-Corps Regional Nodes, Sites, and Teams Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship at Tandon Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship NSF I-Corps Regional Node (NYCRIN) – CUNY/NYU/Columbia Collaboration - NYCRIN connects academic technologists to business and entrepreneurial partners through a 3-fold mission: - Teach the NSF I-Corps curriculum, a training program based on the Lean Launch Pad (LLP) methodology - Outreach, and commercial development activities across the network Gather and analyze assessment data to optimize the way institutions support and foster the national innovation ecosystem NYU Tandon I-Corps Site “Enhancing Diversity in STEM Entrepreneurship” The program introduces aspiring tech entrepreneurs (many of them women or from underrepresented groups in STEM) to the LLP methodology and helps them develop marketable solutions to real-world problems. Both ended and have been replaced New: NSF Innovation Hub (CUNY/NYU/Columbia Collaboration) Just awarded, starting date 1/1/2022 for 5 years. Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship at Tandon Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship INNOVENTION - Your idea. Engineered. InnoVention is a prototyping competition run by students and supported by the Future Labs. It challenges student teams to validate, prototype and pitch commercially viable technology ventures that solve global problems. InnoVention adds to the NYU’s entrepreneurial ecosystem and works with the NYU Summer Launchpad program and the $300k Entrepreneurs Challenge. InnoVention builds a robust competitive culture at Tandon that drives innovation through ideation, education, mentorship and funding, leading student entrepreneurs to start and take their ventures forward. Now truly global by integrating NYU Abu Dhabi and NYU Shanghai. STUDENT CHALLENGES Pose specific problems to either student teams of student/faculty teams and challenge them to come up with solutions that be reduced to practice, i.e. can be implemented in the real world (and may lead to a commercial entity that produces and markets them. • • Tandon Made Challenge (conceived during pandemic) Tandon – Rusk Rehabilitation Challenge in partnership with the NYU School of Medicine Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship at Tandon Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship THE MAKERSPACE AT TANDON The MakerSpace is a 10,000 sq ft collaborative workspace/lab that provides great opportunities for students and faculty to engage in innovative and entrepreneurial activities. The space highlights new kinds of iterative, interdisciplinary teamwork using tools of rapid prototyping and digitally driven production. In addition to modern tools, from advanced software to milling machines to 3D printers to integrated manufacturing facilities, it functions as a stimulating environment which fosters collaborative learning. It also connects students to the broader tech and engineering scene in NYC by hosting hackathons, guest lectures, and tech talks. PROTOTYPING FUND The NYU Prototyping Fund is a collaborative program offered by the Greenhouse at NYU Tandon and the NYU Entrepreneurial Institute that awards student teams up to $500 in the first round of funding and up to $2000 in the second to be used to build hardware or software prototypes, and connects them with the resources, tools, and mentors they need to bring their ideas to life. Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship at Tandon Resources Invested Ditch of Death Urban Growth Hub/Step-out Space STTR SBIR NSF I-Corps/ Proof-ofConcept Centers Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Series A Small Business Industry Investors Tandon’s Future Labs Valley of Death Company Formation University/Garage Grants/F&F Discovery Development Commercialization Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship at Tandon HELP: Affordable Step-out Space, the Growth Hub STTR SBIR HELP: or NSF I-Corps/ Incubator ProofProof-of-Concept of-Concept Center Centers (e.g. PowerBridgeNY) Accelerator Program Resources Invested Ditch of Death Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Series A Industry Growth Hub Small Business Investors Tandon’s Future Labs Valley of Death University/Garage Grants/F&F Discovery Development Commercialization From the Poly Incubators to the Tandon Future Labs The Mission of the “Poly Incubators” • To support new and emerging science and technology startups during the critical start-up period when they are the vulnerable • To provide low-cost facilities, technological and business support services, such as flexible leases and shared services (legal, accounting, HR, and marketing), and access to financing, students, faculty, and equipment/facilities • To help grow the startups into mature ventures that will create new jobs and contribute to the economic development of New York City, New York State, and the nation • To play a pivotal role in developing an entrepreneurial academic environment at NYU Tandon Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship From the Poly Incubators to the Tandon Future Labs Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship After the 2008 financial crisis, the NYC government began to diversify the NYC economy through entrepreneurship, support for startups, and incubators, seeded through the Economic Development Corporation. “NYC will be the most welcoming city for people who want to start a business. The incubator program shows how government can help create such an environment and spur job creation.” From humble beginnings in 2009 as incubators for early-state startups, we created the NYU Tandon Future Labs as Technology Acceleration and Commercialization Hubs. Urban Future Lab Digital Future Lab Data Future Lab Other Assets at NYU: + + Veterans Future Lab + AI NexusLab A 4-month AI Accelerator Program, jointly with ff VC • • • • • • Combine Program (Media Lab) Entrepreneurial Institute Leslie eLab Berkley Innovation Lab Endless Frontiers Lab StartAD From the Poly Incubators to the Tandon Future Labs Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Future Labs Ecosystem Augmented/Virtual Reality, Video, Virtual Machines, Digitization AI, Machine Learning, Data, Natural Language Processing, System Architecture Veteran Led Technology Ventures Cleantech, Smart Cities, Smart Grid From the Poly Incubators to the Tandon Future Labs Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Typical Startup the NYU Tandon Future Labs • Technology-focused, between Seed Stage and Series A financing (typically $3-8M); requires a minimum viable product (MVP) and some seed funding • Selective acceptance, <10% of applicants high “graduation rate” (85%) and high postgraduation success rate (>80% still in business 2 years after graduation) • Maximum stay of 2 years, consecutive 6-mo leases; renewal is dependent on successful completion of technical and business milestones From the Poly Incubators to the Tandon Future Labs Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Our Service Portfolio Office Hours Mentorship Mentors, Service Providers Academia, Industry, Finance Internships Paid or for academic credit Faculty Engagement Monthly Pitch Events F-EIRs, Domain Expertise Flash Pitch – 8 companies pitch to 4 investors; draws audience of >150 International Partnerships Preferred landing platform for startups from Germany, Denmark, the UK, Canada, the Netherlands, Estonia, Turkey, and others … From the Poly Incubators to the Tandon Future Labs Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship NYU Tandon School of Engineering Incubators and their Economic Impact To date, 120 Companies have graduated (i.e. completed Series A financing and/or grew beyond incubator capacity through other funding) Market valuation of the all graduates: more than $2B 30 Acquisitions, two for $100M and one for about $70M More than 7,500 New Jobs Created More than $7B Economic Impact in NYC (since 2009) ~$500M in Venture Capital Raised and > $600M in Project Financing About 1/4 of our incubator companies are NYU-affiliated companies Internships for our Students (for credit or paid) 6 Tandon Faculty Engineers in Residence working with the tenant companies > 100 International Delegation Visits, 6 executed MOUs/LOIs to collaborate executed Participant in IN2NYC H1-B Visa Program to attract foreign entrepreneurs 25 The Role of Government Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship The Importance of Public – Private – Academic Partnerships and the Role of Local (NYC) and State (NYS) Support NYC Economic Development Corporation: Data Future Lab (2009) - $250,000 seed funding + NYU commitment to cost share and achieve financial sustainability after 3-5 years through industry support and corporate sponsorship Digital Future Lab (2011) - $200,000 seed funding + NYU commitment to cost share and … Urban Future Lab (2013) - $750,000 seed funding + NYU commitment to cost share and … NYC Media Lab (2012), $1,500,000 seed funding + ongoing programmatic support + NYU/Columbia commitment to cost share and … NYC VR/AR Lab (2018), $6,000,000 seed funding + NYU commitment to cost share and … NYC Cybersecurity Hub (2018), $30,000,000 seed funding + Columbia/NYU/CUNY/Cornell Tech commitment to cost share and … NYC Center for Responsible AI, $7,000,000 seed funding – currently in proposal stage Other NYC Support: Appropriations from NYC Council Appropriations from Brooklyn Borough President 26 The Role of Government Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship The Importance of Public – Private – Academic Partnerships and the Role of Local (NYC) and State (NYS) Support, continued Empire State Development Corporation (NYS): Designated Incubator Program, $125,000 per year to startup incubators + NYU cost share Incubator Hotspot Program, tax-benefits for startups in Designated Hot Spot Incubators Center for Advanced Technology Program, $1,000,000 per year; requires 1:1 industry match NYS Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA): Ongoing programmatic support of Cleantech Incubator + NYU cost share + Industry Support Five-year, $5,000,000 support for Cleantech Proof-of-Concept Center + NYU cost share Other NYS Support: Regional Economic Development Council, up to $2,000,000 per project (construction and equipment only); requires 4:1 match by grantee StartupNY Program, provides tax benefits for 10 years for startups and their employees in designated StartupNY incubators; amount of benefit scales with job creation Appropriations from NYS Assembly and NYS Senate through local Representatives 27 Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship at Tandon Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Why is this important/beneficial to the School/University Benefits for our students: • Work experiences for student interns in an environment not found in the classroom or research lab • More than 1,000 Student intern positions created; internship is combined with educational offerings; often internships have led to “permanent” employment with startups • Some students have created their own startups around their idea (after internship with startup) Benefits for our faculty: • Numerous faculty consulting projects and close collaborations between startups and faculty • Contact with entrepreneurs has motivated some faculty to bring their own inventions to market Benefits for our academic programs and academic environment: • Internships with startups provide educational opportunities for our students beyond the traditional class room, teaching lab, research lab, and coop offerings • New course and program offerings, e.g. the common Freshmen course “Forum on Innovation” or “Biotechnology & Entrepreneurship” MS Program • Engagement with the IVS, InnoVention Society, a student-driven organization that introduces our students to our academic entrepreneurship environment • Engagement with “Patent Pending”, an organization that provides students with the opportunity to innovate and engineer with the assistance of faculty, industry, and other students. The Future Labs at the SoE Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Why is this important/beneficial to the School/University Benefits for our students: • • Experiences for student interns in an environment not found in the classroom or research lab More than 1,000 Student intern positions created; internship is combined with educational offerings; often internships have led to “permanent” employment with startups Some students were encouraged to create their own startups around their idea • Benefits for our faculty: • • Numerous faculty consulting projects and close collaborations between startups and faculty Contact with entrepreneurs has motivated faculty to bring their own inventions to market Benefits for our academic programs and academic environment: • • • • • • Educational opportunities for our students beyond the traditional class room, teaching lab, research lab, and coop/internship offerings New course and program offerings, e.g. the common Freshmen course “Forum on Innovation” or “Biotechnology & Entrepreneurship” MS Program Engagement with IVS, the InnoVention Society, a student-driven organization that introduces our students to our academic entrepreneurship environment Prototyping Showcase, a collaborative effort of our MakerSpace and the EI @ WSQ The InnoVention Competition, a student “Ideation to Prototyping” competition; winners receive cash prizes, a spot in our incubator, IP help, and a place in our Summer Launchpad Program The Tandon Made Challenge (triggered by COVID-19), the Rusk – Tandon Challenge, etc. Other Resources Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Other Entrepreneurial Resources at NYU • The Tandon Future Labs (aka Incubators), http://engineering.nyu.edu/business/future-labs • The Entrepreneurial Institute, http://entrepreneur.nyu.edu/ • The Leslie eLab, http://entrepreneur.nyu.edu/resource/leslie-elab/ (incl. Blackstone Launchpad, http://entrepreneur.nyu.edu/resource/blackstone-launchpad/ • The NYU Stern Berkeley Innovation Lab • EdTech Incubator at Steinhardt • NYC Media Lab Combine Program, http://www.thecombine.nyc/about/ • Also: Tisch, Integrated Digital Media @ Tandon, … • NYU Innovation Venture Fund, http://entrepreneur.nyu.edu/resource/innovation-venture-fund/ • Also: Office of Therapeutic Alliances, NYU School of Medicine, https://www.med.nyu.edu/research/office-therapeutics-alliances + Numerous Maker Spaces / Fabrication Facilities across NYU (incl. at NYU AD), the most recent addition is a 10,000 sq ft space at Tandon IIIE @ Tandon Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship The Institute for Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship at Tandon IIIE Vision: The IIIE empowers our faculty to become thought leaders around Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, i2e, and to educate our students to become innovative and entrepreneurial thinkers in addition to possessing deep disciplinary knowledge. The IIIE serves the Tandon community and connects us to the rest of NYU: • A one-stop shop that coordinates all school-wide i2e activities • A platform for all academic activities supporting our goal to integrating i2e into our academic culture and curricula • A vehicle to advance Tandon’s student & faculty appreciation of and skills in inventiveness, innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurial and design thinking • Connects our faculty & students to other NYU activities/entities that promote i2e, e.g. the Entrepreneurial Institute and the Leslie eLab, the Stern Endless Frontiers Lab and the Berkley Innovation Lab, the Games Center Incubator, StartAD, etc. • Links the Tandon community to the broader NYC technology ecosystem through hackathons, workshops, competitions, guest lectures, and tech talks IIIE @ Tandon Kurt H. Becker, PhD Vice Dean for Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship The IIIE realizes its Vision through a wide range of Activities • Creates a nurturing environment for faculty & students to pursue research on the translation of lab breakthroughs into new technologies, products, and processes • Supports new learning opportunities to integrate i2e into courses and programs to provide students with the basic knowledge and experience of entrepreneurial thinking • Creates a forum for faculty to engage in exploratory and interdisciplinary research around i2e, entrepreneurial sabbatical research and to form entrepreneurial collaborations across disciplinary boundaries (jointly with other NYU entities) • Provides seed grants and Fellowships for i2e-relevant research initiatives in high impact and potentially disruptive areas, e.g., AI, Cybersecurity, Mixed Reality, Gaming, 5G Wireless, and the societal and social impact of emerging technological innovations • Assists in proposal preparation that promote innovation and entrepreneurship • Provides guidance in the preparation of SBIR and STTR proposals and helps identify potential academic partners for startups • Organizes workshops and competitions, supports experiential learning opportunities that explore entrepreneurial ideas, facilitates connections with the venture community, and encourages collaborations with peers from other departments and schools