Distinguish Technical
Terms Used in Research
(Research Paper)
Why is research important?
 inform action,
 to prove a theory, and
 contribute to developing
knowledge in a field or study.
 It is a way of life.
What is “Research?
-defined as “a systematic and
scientific procedure of data collection,
compilation, analysis, interpretation,
and implication pertaining to any
problem.”
Researc
Quantitative
Qualitative
h
research
research
-describes, infers,
and resolves
problems using
numbers.
-is based on words,
feelings, emotions,
sounds and other
non-numerical and
unquantifiable
elements.
Action research, thesis,
dissertation, and case
study are examples of
research.
- Income – P5,000 –
Concept is a
P8,000
term that
- Age – 18 y/o – 20 y/o
- Education Level –
abstractly
High School Graduate,
describes and
College Graduate, Post
names an object, Graduate
a phenomenon, - Number of Siblings –
3 siblings in the family,
or an idea.
4 or more siblings in
the family
Examples:
Theory is an
organized body of theory of
relativity,
concepts and
atomic theory,
principles
theory of
intended to
evolution, and
explain a
quantum
particular
theory
phenomenon.
Quantitative Example is a
Method This is drug abuser
a method that telling you
focuses on
how many pills
numbers,
they consume
objective hard per week.
data.
Qualitative Examples is a
drug abuser
Method It
telling
you
uses words
how
they
feel
instead of
about abusing
numbers to
drugs.
display data.
Variables are any Examples are age, sex,
business
income
and
quality of a person,
expenses, country of
group subject,
birth, capital
event, condition or expenditure, class
situation that
grades, eye color and
varies or takes on vehicle type
different values.
Hypothesis is
a logical
supposition, a
reasonable
guess, and
educated
conjecture.
For example, a researcher
might be interested in the
relationship between
study habits and test
anxiety. The researcher
would propose a
hypothesis about how
these two variables are
related, such as "Test
anxiety decreases as a
result of effective study
habits."
Sampling it is the For example, a random
sample may include
process of selecting choosing the names of 25
participants who
employees out of a hat in a
are representatives company of 250
employees. The population
of a larger
is all 250 employees, and
population – gain the sample is random
an understanding because each employee
has an equal chance of
of a larger
being chosen.
population.
SMART is a good way to
remember the fundamentals
of research paper writing, and
to help prepare an author in
writing a successful research
paper.
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time
Here are some common
ways you can narrow
down a research topic:
By demographic
characteristics
Narrow it down
by age group,
occupation,
ethnic group,
gender, etc.
e.g. challenges
faced by
international
college
graduates
entering the
workforce
By relevant issues
e.g.
challenges
Try to identify key
issues related to your faced by college
topic, especially ones
graduates
who
that you have an
are unable to
opinion on. You can
turn your opinion into
find
meaningful
your thesis statement
or research question. or relevant
work
e.g. challenges
By location
faced by college
Focus on a
specific country, graduates
province, city, or entering the
type of
workforce in
environment
rural Ontario
(rural vs. urban).
By timeframe
e.g. challenges
Decide whether you
faced
by
college
want to study recent
events or a historical graduates
time period. This will entering the
also help you decide workforce during
how current the
the
COVID-19
information you use
pandemic z
must be.
By causes
e.g. Why do
You can take employers
the perspective
hire fewer
of looking for
college
causes of an
graduates?
issue you are
researching.