Neutralization
Definition
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form salt and water. The
reaction typically involves the combination of hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid and hydroxide ions
(OH-) from the base to form water (H2O).
General Equation
Acid + Base => Salt + Water
Examples of Neutralization Reactions
1. Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide
HCl + NaOH => NaCl + H2O
2. Sulfuric Acid + Potassium Hydroxide
H2SO4 + 2KOH => K2SO4 + 2H2O
3. Nitric Acid + Calcium Hydroxide
2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 => Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Applications of Neutralization
1. Medicine - Antacids (like magnesium hydroxide) neutralize excess stomach acid.
2. Agriculture - Lime (Ca(OH)2) is added to acidic soil to neutralize acidity.
3. Water Treatment - Acids and bases are used to neutralize wastewater before disposal.
4. Personal Care - Toothpaste neutralizes acid in the mouth to prevent cavities.