GEOGRAPHY
FIELD PROJECT REPORT
TOPIC:
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
BY
_____________________________
EXAMINATION NUMBER:
_____________________
© ECZ
2025
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly, I would like to extend my gratitude and thanks to my supervisor at School for his
guidance and support throughout the process of this field report.
Secondly, I am indebted to thank my other family and parents for their support and financial
assistance for me to carry out this project successfully. Their efforts, love and prayers have
significantly contributed to this work.
May God bless them all!
(i)
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DEDICATION
This work is dedicated to my father, mother, sister and my little brother for their tireless
support and daily prayers which made me to accomplish this work successfully.
(ii)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknolwledgement................................................................................................................... i
Dedication............ ................................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Background of study........................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Location of the study area.................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Aim .................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Objectives............................................................................................................................ 8
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Methodology.......................................................................................................................9
2.1 Sampling techniques...........................................................................................................9
2.2 Data collection....................................................................................................................9
2.3 Instrumentation...................................................................................................................9
2.4 Data Analysis......................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Data presentation...........................................................................................................10-11
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................12-14
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................15
5.1 Recommendations..............................................................................................................15
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Evaluation .........................................................................................................................16
6.1.Limitation of the study.......................................................................................................16
6.2.References/Appendices.................................................................................................17-19
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TITLE OF THE REPORT
HOW BENEFITS OF POWER PRODUCTION FROM KARIBA DAM FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Background to the study
Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower. In Zambia energy is an important
driving force for economic development and one of the key influencers on social life (Ryan,
1980). The amount of energy required by humans has both increased and diversified into many
directions. Human energy requirement has emerged mostly from the need of cooking food,
heating, and more complex requirements such as commerce, industry, agriculture and
transportation.
In Zambia after H.E.P is generated it is supplied to different households and industries. Zesco
Limted a company that generates electricity uses prepaid meters to help it bill and generate
income from its customers. The Kariba Dam is a double curvature concrete arch dam in the
Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi river basin between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The dam stands 128
metres tall and 579 metres long. The dam forms Lake Kariba, which extends for 280 kilometres
and holds 185 cubic kilometres of water.
The creation of Lake Kariba, a large artificial lake formed by the dam, has brought about many
advantages to the people around the dam. This brings economic benefits through Agriculture,
employment, electricity supply, tourism-related activities, such as boating, fishing, and wildlife
safaris, which can provide employment opportunities for local residents. This report focuses
how has production of power benefited the people living around Kariba Dam.
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1.2 LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA
The study was undertaken at the Kariba Dam is a double curvature concrete arch dam in the
Kariba Gorge of the Zambezi river basin between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The dam stands 128
metres tall and 579 metres long. The dam forms Lake Kariba, which extends for 280 kilometres
and holds 185 cubic kilometres of water.
SKETCH MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
Source: Google maps, 2025
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1.3 Aim of the study
The aim of this study is to find out the importance of Kariba dam Hydro Power Station in
Zambia.
1.4 Objectives
 To find out the economic activities at Kariba dam.
 To find out the impact of Kariba dam hydroelectric power on live hood of the local
people.
 To assess how H.E.P contributes the economy of Zambia.
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The research
instruments that were used in the collection of data were questionnaire and interview schedules
alongside with observation.
2.1.SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
A random sampling technique was used to choose the people to be interviewed in this project
report. The study site was observed and Interviews guides and questionnaires were used to
collect data from the 10 random selected local people at Kariba dam.
2.2 DATA COLLECTION
Secondary sources from books and primary data sources were used in the collection of data.
The researcher also visited the areas under study to collect data using questionnaires and
interview guides as well as through observations on the areas under study.
2.3 INSTRUMENTATION
The study utilized a number of instruments which include the smart phones, interview question
guide, observation sheets, pens and note books. The pen, pencils and notes books were used in
jotting downs data and sketching of the townships. Smart phones were used in taking photos,
showing campus directions and used for time checking. Observation sheets and questionnaires
were used to indicate comments on sub-themes.
2.4 DATA ANALYSIS
Much of the collected data was qualitative and quantitative and thus it was first summarized
and sorted then analysed using pie charts, tables and bar graphs.
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CHAPTER THREE
DATA COLLECTION
3.0 Economic activities at Kariba dam
The table below shows the number of activities at Kariba dam
MAJOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AT KARIBA DAM
Agriculture
Lodges/Guest houses
Mountains,
Tourism, Archaeological sites / game areas
Hydro Electrical power station
Fishing
3.1.1Chart showing the major economic activities at Kariba dam
Economic Activities at Kariba Dam
Agriculture
Lodges / Guest houses
Mountains/ fishing
camps
H.E.P
Tourism,
Archaeological sites
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3.2 Table below shows the responses from people on the advantages of Kariba dam
hydroelectric power
ADVANTAGES OF H.E.P POWER IN ZAMBIA
1. Renewable energy won’t run out (Readily available)
2. Maintenance requirements are lower
3. Renewables save money
4. Source of foreign energy sources and HEP
5. Easy Intermittency
3. Can produce high voltage
4. Has few Geographic limitations
3.2.1 Chart showing people responses on the advantages and hydro – electric power
Readily available
Saves money
Lower maintenance
ADVANTAGES
No health implications
Easy
Intermittency
Lower upfront
costs
Low Geographic
limitations
Water resources are
available
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS
Benefits of Power Production from Kariba Dam for Local Communities
The Kariba Dam, completed in 1959, has played a significant role in the energy landscape of
Southern Africa, particularly benefiting the regions surrounding it. The dam generates
hydroelectric power that is crucial not only for Zimbabwe but also for Zambia. Here’s a detailed
look at how power production from the Kariba Dam has benefited local communities:
4.1. Economic Development and Job Creation
The hydroelectric power generated by the Kariba Dam has been instrumental in driving
economic development in both Zimbabwe and Zambia. The availability of reliable electricity
has facilitated industrial growth, particularly in sectors such as mining, manufacturing, and
agriculture. For instance, Zambia’s copper-mining industry heavily relies on the electricity
supplied by the dam. This industrial activity creates jobs directly related to power generation
and indirectly through ancillary services and industries that support these sectors.
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4.2. Improved Access to Electricity
Before the establishment of the Kariba Dam, many communities in the region had limited
access to electricity. The dam’s power production has significantly increased electricity
availability, allowing more households to connect to the grid. This access to electricity
enhances living standards by enabling better lighting, heating, and cooking facilities, which are
essential for daily life.
4.3. Support for Infrastructure Development
The revenue generated from power sales has allowed governments to invest in infrastructure
improvements within local communities. These investments include roads, schools, and
healthcare facilities that are vital for community development. Improved infrastructure not only
enhances quality of life but also facilitates further economic activities by making transportation
of goods and services more efficient.
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4.4. Agricultural Advancements
With increased access to electricity, agricultural practices have improved due to better
irrigation systems powered by electric pumps. This advancement allows farmers to cultivate
crops more effectively and increase yields, contributing to food security within local
communities.
4.5. Community Projects and Initiatives
Some of the revenue generated from the dam’s operations is allocated towards community
projects aimed at improving social welfare. These projects may include educational programs,
health initiatives, and skills training workshops designed to empower local populations and
enhance their livelihoods.
4.6. Environmental Management Efforts
While there have been significant environmental challenges associated with the dam’s
construction and operation (such as displacement of communities), ongoing management
efforts funded by revenues from power production aim at mitigating these impacts.
Organizations involved in environmental conservation work towards restoring ecosystems
affected by the dam while promoting sustainable practices among local communities.
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4.7 tourism-related activities
the dam, has brought about many advantages to the people around the dam. This brings
economic benefits through tourism-related activities, supply, such as boating, fishing, and
wildlife safaris, which can provide employment opportunities for local residents
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CHAPTER FOUR
5.0 CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION
5.1. CONCLUSION
This study has revealed that, the production of power from Kariba Dam has provided
substantial benefits including economic development through job creation, improved access to
electricity for households, enhanced infrastructure development within local communities,
advancements in agricultural practices through better irrigation methods, funding for
community projects aimed at social welfare improvement, and ongoing environmental
management efforts.
Kariba dam Hydroelectric power plays a crucial role in the lives of local people in various
ways, making it an essential source of energy for many communities around the world. One of
the primary importance of hydroelectric power to local people is its contribution to economic
development. Hydroelectric projects create job opportunities during construction and operation
phases, providing employment for local residents. Additionally, the revenue generated from
selling electricity to the grid can be reinvested in local infrastructure, education, healthcare,
and other essential services, thus improving the overall quality of life for the community.
Hydroelectric power offers a reliable and consistent source of energy, which is crucial for
ensuring energy security in remote or rural areas. By harnessing the power of flowing water,
communities can reduce their dependence on imported fossil fuels and mitigate the risks
associated with volatile fuel prices and supply disruptions. This energy independence
empowers local people and enhances their resilience to external shocks. In conclusion,
hydroelectric power plays a vital role in supporting the socio-economic development, energy
security, environmental sustainability, social well-being, and cultural integrity of local people
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS

The government should, provide and promote a supportive environment friendly source
of energy to cushion the demands for HEP.

The government should scrutinize the advantages and disadvantages of prepaid meters
and reduce the cost of HEP to improve people lives.
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CHAPTER SIX
6.0 EVALUATION
This study has drawn some clear conclusions about the importance Kariba dam power station
to the local people. A number of evaluative points can be made. Firstly, given time and
personnel restrictions it was difficult to survey the whole Kariba dam dam accurately. It is
worth concluding that although this was a fairly broad piece of fieldwork, there was so much
more which could be investigated. Different groups of people have very strong views on
gentrification and it is hoped that this piece of work provides an impartial outsider’s view on
its nature and extent of the activities at Kariba dam dam.
6.1. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The report likely had biased as the data was undertaken in Kariba dam dam town only,
hence its findings are limited to Kariba dam dam and cannot be generalised across
other tourists centres in Zambia. To overcome this, there is need to carry out similar
studies across other tourist centres in Zambia.

Some respondents who were selected were illiterate to the extent that they could neither
read nor write on the questionnaires, thus researcher had to read and write on their
behalf .

Time was also inadequate and this encounter did not allow the researcher to build a
strong rapport with the research community. There in need for more time allocation.
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REFERENCES
Aboagye, A. (1986). Tourism Sector Employment in Kenya. Geneva: ILO Publishers.
Hart, K. (1971). Economic Opportunities and Urban Employment in Tourism. London:
Journal of Modern African Studies Vol.11 No1
ILO, (1999) Social and labour issues in small-scale Tourism. Geneva: International Labour
Office Geneva.
Labonne, B. and Gilman, J. (1999). Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Smallscale mines. Geneva: International Labour Organization (ILO).
Sanny I. (1991). A Reassessment of Kenya’s Rural and Urban informal Sector. Great Britain
University of East Anglia. Great Britain World Development Volume 19 No 6.
Sida. (2004). Strategic Guidelines for SIDA Support to Market-Based Rural Poverty
Reduction. Improving Income among Rural Poor. Stockholm: Department of Natural
Resources and the Environment.
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Appendix I
QUESTIONNAIRE
(FOR OFFICIALS FROM MINISTY OF TOURISM)
Q
No
.
1
2.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Gender of the respondent
Male
Female
How long have you worked in this ministy
less than 5 years
between 5 and 10 years
over 10 year
3.
What is the major occupation of most people in Kariba dam dam?
Tour Guides
Teachers
Nurse or Doctors
Farmers
Self- employment
4.
Others specify………………………………………………….
What is your monthly income
less than K500
K500 to K1,000
K1,000 to K2,000
K2,000 to K5,000
More than K5,000
5.
Do you socially benefit from Tourism activities in this area?
Yes
No
Don’tknow
Job creation
improvement of road infrastructure
maintenance of sanitation such as drainages
student scholarships
health care services
recreation services such as sports
6.
Kindly explain how Tourism contributes to the Zambian economy
…………………………………………………………………………………………...…
……………………………………………………………………………..………...
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INTERVIEW SHEET (COMMUNITY MEMBERS)
Q
No
.
1
2.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Gender of the respondent
Male
Female
How long have you lived in this township
less than 5 years
between 5 and 10 years
over 10 year
3.
What is your occupation
Tour Guide
Teacher
Nurse or Doctor
Farmer
Self- employment
4.
Others specify………………………………………………….
What is the importance of tourism in Kariba dam dam
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.
Do you socially benefit from Tourism activities in this area?
Yes
No
Don’t know
Job creation
improvement of road infrastructure
maintenance of sanitation such as drainages
student scholarships
health care services
recreation services such as sports
6.
Kindly explain how Tourism contributes to the Zambian economy
…………………………………………………………………………………………...…
……………………………………………………………………………..………...
THANK FOR YOUR TIME
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