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New Words
Combustion
the chemical process in which
a substance reacts rapidly with
oxygen and gives off heat
Rust
an orange-brown solid that forms
on metal and flakes off easily
Metal Oxide
the product formed when a
metal reacts with oxygen
Oxidation
the addition of oxygen to an
element and the loss of electrons
Properties and Examples of Metals
Properties
•
a solid material at room temperature
•
hard, shiny, and malleable
•
conducts heat and electricity
•
tends to donate electrons
Examples
Magnesium
Iron
Copper
Silver
Tin
The General Reaction
Some metals react with oxygen in a process called combustion.
When these metals are burnt in air containing oxygen, the product
is called a metal oxide.
Let’s look at two examples:
The reaction of Iron
with Oxygen
The reaction of Magnesium
with Oxygen
Reaction of Iron with Oxygen
When iron is burnt in air that contains oxygen,
the product formed is iron oxide.
Word Equation:
iron + oxygen
iron oxide
Chemical Equation:
Fe + O2
Fe2O3
Picture Equation
+
Oxygen
Iron
Reaction of Iron with Oxygen
Practical Investigation The teacher can do
We will use steel wool in the demonstration.
Steel wool is wire wool made of very fine steel
threads. Steel is an alloy made mostly of iron.
You will need:
• Steel wool
• Long-nose pliers
• Bunsen/spirit burner
• Matches
• Safety goggles
this investigation to
demonstrate what
happens when iron
reacts with oxygen.
Reaction of Iron with Oxygen
Practical Investigation
Procedure:
1. Use the pliers to hold a
small amount of steel wool.
2.
Place the steel wool over the
flame of the bunsen burner.
3. Observe what happens.
Reaction of Iron with Oxygen
Practical Investigation
Observation:
• The heat cause the iron to react with oxygen
surrounding the steel wool.
• This reaction creates the spark we see and release
of heat that heats up the next iron molecule.
• The very bright light is because of the extreme heat.
• Once the steel wool has burnt, it is a greyish colour
and can no longer be ignited. This is proof that the
steel wool has been chemically changed into the
compound of oxide.
Reaction of Iron with Oxygen
Practical Investigation
1. What was the colour of the flame of the burning iron?
A: Yellow
2. What is the colour of the product formed?
A: Brown
3. Name the product formed?
A: Iron oxide
4. Write a balanced chemical reaction for
the reaction between iron and oxygen.
A: 4Fe2 + 3O2
2Fe2O3
Reaction of Magnesium with Oxygen
When magnesium is burnt in air that contains oxygen,
the product formed is magnesium oxide.
Word Equation:
magnesium + oxygen
magnesium
Chemical Equation:
Mg + O2
MgO
Picture Equation
+
Oxygen
Iron
Reaction of Magnesium with
Oxygen Practical Investigation
We will use Magnesium ribbon in the
demonstration.
A thin ribbon of magnesium metal is used in
laboratory demonstrations and in the
magnesium lamp.
You will need:
• Piece of magnesium ribbon
• Long-nose pliers
• Bunsen/spirit burner
• Matches
• Safety goggles
The teacher can do
this investigation to
demonstrate what
happens when
magnesium reacts
with oxygen.
Reaction of Magnesium with Oxygen
Practical Investigation
Procedure:
1.
Take about 50mm of
magnesium ribbon.
2.
Use the pliers to hold a small
amount of magnesium ribbon.
3.
Place the magnesium ribbon in
the flame of the bunsen burner
until it ignites.
4. Observe what happens.
Reaction of Magnesium with Oxygen
Practical Investigation
Observation:
• When the magnesium metal burns,
it reacts with oxygen found in the air
to form magnesium oxide.
• The ribbon burns with a blinding white flame.
• Oxygen and Magnesium combine in a chemical
reaction to form this compound.
• After it burns, it forms a white powder,
which is magnesium oxide.
Reaction of Iron with Oxygen
Practical Investigation
1. What was the colour of the flame of the burning magnesium?
A: Blinding white light
2. What is the colour of the product formed?
A: white
3. Name the product formed?
A: Magnesium oxide
4. Write a balanced chemical reaction for the reaction
between iron and oxygen.
A: 2Mg + O2
2MgO