See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353068744
Role of english in research
Chapter · July 2021
DOI: 10.26524/royal.53.6
CITATIONS
READS
0
990
1 author:
Dasari Sandeep
Vellore Institute of Technology University
2 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Dasari Sandeep on 08 November 2022.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53
WRITING SKILLS FOR
ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Authors
J.KARTHIKEYAN
CHONG SENG TONG
May 2021
Royal Book Publishing
Book Title
Editors
WRITING SKILLS FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Dr.J.Karthikeyan
Associate Professor of English
School of Social Sciences and Languages
Vellore Institute of Technology
Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Seng Tong Chong
Senior Lecturer
Department of Social Sciences & Humanities
College of Energy Economics and Social Sciences
Universiti Tenaga Nasional
Malaysia
Book Subject
Academic Writing
Book Category
Research
Copy Right
Editors
First Edition
May 2021
Book Size
B5
Paper
B5-21 kg, Maplitho NS
Price
INR.500
Publisher
Royal Book Publishing
21/11, K M Nagar,
Ayodhiyapatinam,
Salem.
Tamil Nadu-636103
contact@eleyon.org
Cell:+91 7598141199
Email: contact@royalbookpublishing.com
Website: www.royalbookpublishing.com
ISBN Assigned by Raja Ram Mohun Roy National Agency for ISBN, New Delhi – 110066 (India)
ISBN:
WRITING SKILLS FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Published by Royal Book Publishing
© Copyright, Authors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by
any means, electronic, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior written consent of its Authors.
This book has been published with all reasonable efforts taken to make
the material error-free after the consent of the author. The author/s of
this book chapter is solely responsible and liable for its content including
but not limited to the views, representations, descriptions, statements,
information, opinions and references [“Content”]. The publisher does not
endorse or approve the Content of this book or guarantee the reliability,
accuracy or completeness of the Content published herein. The publisher
and the editors make no representations or warranties of any kind with
respect to this book or its contents. The editors and the publisher
disclaim all such representations and warranties, including for example
warranties of merchantability and educational or medical advice for a
purpose. In addition, the editors and the publisher do not represent or
warrant that the information accessible via this book is accurate,
complete or current.
First Published in May 2021
ISBN:
Preface
Jael Perales(2021) Mastering the English language is a difficult task, even for native
speakers. Although some mistakes are permissible, being regarded as errors
common to all English speakers, journal editors and reviewers are very aware of
the mistakes often made by those whose first language is not English.
Unfortunately, it is possible for a reviewer’s opinion of an author submitting to an
English journal to be negatively impacted by any indication that the author is not a
native English speaker. Even worse, mistakes made in the abstract of a manuscript
can cause a reviewer to scan a paper with a more critical eye, which means that
mistakes that normally would not count against an author suddenly have greater
negative impact, often resulting in a rejection letter.
The objective of this book aim at understanding common mistakes made by
Scholars and Teachers while writing research papers, research proposals and
research articles as a part of academic research. Data from 300 teachers and 250
scholars were collected pertaining to the errors they make in English Language
while writing. The samples are basically non-native speakers of English currently
affiliated to a technical institution. A thorough analysis of the collected data reveals
that these teachers and scholars need rigorous training in functional English with
emphasise on Subject Verb agreement, Tenses, Punctuation, Singular-Plural,
Sentence structure, Preposition, Articles and vocabulary. These trainings will
enrich their writing skills and nurture their language competencies in the near
future and will avoid rejection of their research work with reference to English
language. The study was conducted by Full Time Research scholars of Vellore
Institute of Technology, Vellore, under the joint supervision and guidance of
Dr.J.Karthikeyan and Dr. Seng Tong Chong. The findings of individual scholars are
published as chapters in this book which make this book as a major resource for
researches in academic and research writing.
J.KARTHIKEYAN
CHONG SENG TONG
CONTENT
S.No
Author's Name
1
ADLA PADMA
2
AMUDHA
3
ANANDHI G
IYAPPARAJA M
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Title of the Chapter
A Survey on importance of English skills
for Academics and future growth of
scholars
Researcher significant challenges and
difficulties while writing a research
paper using English language
P.NO
A logical study of issues in academic
writing
Challenges faced by research scholar in
ARCHANA S
writing research paper in English
A case study on the need of English
language proficiency in academic
ATHIRA P SHAJI
research
An immense analysis on problems faced
by EFL people while writing technical
DASARI SANDEEP
papers
An analysis on the complications faced
by scholars for writing a research paper
HARITHA T
in English language
Analysis to understand the difficulties in
JAYASHREE M
writing English for academic publishing
General problems faced by research
scholars and academicians in paper
MEENAVOLU S B KASYAPA writing
Importance of academic writing skills for
students & research scholars with
respect to English language while writing
NANAVATH KIRAN S N research paper
Significance of English Writing Skills in
NANDA KISHORE K V the Development of Researchers
A review on consequences of English
POSHAM UPPAMMA
language while writing a research paper
A contemplate on issues faced by
scholars with English language while
composing a research paper
PULLIGILLA MANOJ K
An empirical study on problems faced by
researchers while writing and publishing
RADHIKA C
research papers in English
36
RAMA KRISHNA GUDURU
A survey on problems faced by researchers
with English language while writing a
research paper
1
19
56
73
90
108
124
141
158
178
199
218
234
251
16
RAMYA BHARATHI
17
SATHIYA PRIYA R
18
SHUBHAM
19
SREERAAG G
20
SUPRIYA K
21
VASAVI CHITHANURU
Complications confronted by researchers
during writing and publishing research
papers
The evolution and impact of English
language for the research students
A comparitive analysis of the issues faced
by research scholar in writing English
and in publishing their research paper
A study on problems faced by
researchers while using English language
for writing an effective research paper
A survey on problems faced and English
knowledge for writing research papers
A review on the use of English language
as an important factor in academic
writing
270
291
310
331
349
367
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
CHAPTER -1
A Survey on importance of English skills for Academics and
future growth of scholars
Adla Padma
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
adla.padma2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Nishanthi, R. (2018) In this paper, what is the importance of English
language for researchers, Teachers and students to improve their
communication around the world. Initial stage faced lot of struggles to
learn English, but practicing more get the fluency and increase
opportunities in global world. It can be useful for different purposes like
education, Transportation, Travel, Business, Entertainment and many
more. English is a international tongue, because of that everyone should
practice and learn the Language by that we can grow up our personal
and professional life's[1].Li, F., Ren, J., & Zhao, H. (2016) Author
conducted a survey on English writing skills and related problems to
analyze the difficulties of students in writing skills. Teachers should
learn efficiently about the writing skills before guide the students. And
what is the importance of grammatical errors like sentence formation,
tenses, modern verbs, passive and active forms to avoid the cultivates in
writing skills. By using modern tools strongly learn four English basics
reading, listening, speaking and writing. Most of the students learn for
their academic purpose not for their future growth[2].
McKinley, J., & Rose, H.(2018) author describes about how to write
error free research paper. For that publisher should know about
standards, norms, journal guidelines before writing the paper. But some
of the guidelines are ambiguous either we should follow British or
American English standards to write paper. Re Conceptualization is
1
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
needed to write efficiently to get top journal publication. L2 writers
check manuscripts with native language and can be motivated by non
native speakers compare to native speakers. International journals find
more L2 authors in their higher studies[3].
Rao, P. S. (2019) Author will give suggestion to learners how to
increase their reading and writing skills. English language learners
suffered with grammatical mistakes, passive conventions, letter writing,
report writing. They listed some effective writing techniques like report
writing, essay writing, games, brain storming, short paragraphs, essay
writing, story writing etc. By adopting effective writing skills, we can
easily publish papers with good research writing report. In globe most
of the people using English as the primary language to communicate the
different countries people. Teachers will get the knowledge about
writing techniques and learners also express their thoughts whether it is
right or wrong[4].Wang, L., & Fan, J. (2020) Author stated that mixing
services are qualitative and quantitative data sources. Business English
include various levels(low,high and intermediate) to predict the
knowledge of English proficiency. Always students and scholars are
trying to learn English for academic only not for improving global
communication
between different people. Whether teacher is
conducted workshop or not and students are interactively participated
or not all things can be measured. Four phases are involved first
literature review and document analysis, second phase examine the all
related details of teachers and students next scale and explore the
results[5].
Flowerdew, J. (2019) In this paper author explained how the
research is conducted and Hyland argues that only non native speakers
face difficulties for English. It believes that debate learning is useful for
publication and it goes count as hundreds. Most of the learners under
estimating the English and ranges of forms, vocabulary and core related
issues. L1 writers can communicate with advance learners and low level
learners with different languages. Writers can join and review the paper
before publishing[6].Rahman, M. S. (2020) Researchers use qualitative
and quantitative research methods to get accurate result and take less
time to collect the data. In language assessment test allocates grades like
pass, fail, satisfactory, good and excellent. To share feelings, opinions
2
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
regarding assessment and English knowledge skills. Five normally
constituted principles: British capacity unit harm, respecting
independence, protecting privacy, offering interchange, treating people
equitably. Limitations sample size some times neglected. In research
method having merits and demerits[7].
Literary Survey
Björk, B. C., & Solomon, D. (2013)In traditional publication printed
bundles used but now its change to digital publication. In this paper
Author collected different types of journals in various science field by
using random sampling method mainly scopus indexed and compere
those journals how much time its going to take for peer review process.
Some of the journals having more delay like financial journals delay 18.0
based on discipline and peer review committee group size. the
Academicians are trying to publish their work with in time for that, they
submit manuscript to different journals simultaneously.Either open
access or Restricted journals. The publications are send to review
process, in review process check the line by line in manuscript to avoid
publication issues, for that its take long time to peer review process. In
review process they consider financial factors,quality,length of paper
and author history. Limitations:author didn’t describe how delays are
overcome. Even if manuscript is accepted or rejected how delay for peer
review. Future scope: it limited to only in science field in further we to
all disciplines[8].Demir, S. B.(2018)Authors to increase their publication
count and to complete their academics under the pressure, they
approach predatory/fake journals.To avoid that author guidelines will
be provided in publication. they compare different countries papers
Most of the developing countries using PFJ compare to developed
countries. Most of the researchers don’t have any idea to find right
journal to publish their research work and researchers have the
knowledge about journal that will suitable to their work or not. In this
paper author using Beall’s list to identifying PFJ. Young researchers
using this predatory journals, based on location and IP address author is
going to find who is publishing this predatory journals and their
country. Sequential explanatory design is used for qualitative research
design.Limitation:Author is using English language to find predatory
3
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
journals, they are not consider other languages. In Future we can Extend
this research to all languages[9].Hua, F.et.al.(2017)To improve the
usage of resources and better performance, researchers using open
access. No need to pay for resources, and to increase citation count.In
green open access articles are placed in authors websites and institution
repositories. By this average revenue is increased for open repositories.
In gold open access publisher is involved based on policies of journals
direct, hybrid and delayed OA. Indirect journals are access freely, subscripted journals accessed in hybrid and versions of subscription
journals access in delayed OA. They compare different types of journals
in open access lot of consequences can be solved by using this journal.In
open access also we need to find out predatory journals and solve the
consequences faced by this journals. Scholar can prefer any open access
either green or gold based on their requirement[10].Guo, X., Li, X., & Yu,
Y. (2021)Scholar has publish their research in good impact factor
journals. Impact factor calculated by journals officials websites. How
many publications can be done by that particular journal, citation count
for papers and provide more publications with limited period. Based on
this journals will be divides into Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4. with good impact
factor journals will include Q1 and Q2. some of the journals they will not
follow the things what they mentioned in their sites that can be ranked
Q3 and Q4. journal impact factor(JIF) and publication delay can be based
on valid time period in journals. They collect the journal citation
information by using different sites to prepare journal citation
report(JCR). to generate JCR author noted by using web of sciences,
online publication or any other resources.Some times JCR and top
impact journals also mismatch because of lack of communication
between journals. Finally negative impact can be avoided by using this
research. Because of publication delay scholar send their manuscript to
different journals, this history can be recorded[11].Akyürek, E., &
Afacan, Ö. (2018)Most of the scholars completed their post graduation
simply like schooling and also completed project work by buying from
third party institutes. So, they don't even have idea about how to
complete the project and present their paper. While coming to PhD, they
facing some problems because of no idea about paper selecting also.
Meanwhile they have some family responsibilities, don't have financial
4
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
support in that age. They need to effort more while doing PhD. Because,
they have to do this on their own knowledge. To overcome this problem,
They have to learn the process of paper choosing or for further process
in depth. Most of the students feeling stress to complete their works, and
they simple follow the copy and paste technique to complete their
work[12].Bocar, A. C. (2013)In this paper, It was said about the student
experience on their education. Students simply joined college just for
degree certification. They are not supposed to show interest on
education or subject to gain knowledge. Simply come to college for
enjoying with their friends. They even don't have any idea about their
future. They are chosen the course as their friends suggestion, but not
on their own effort of knowledge or interest. By doing like this they
don't know what they are doing in college. Simply sitting in college for
attendance and writing exams for getting pass marks and finally getting
a certificate of degree. Even a single student don’t put their efforts like
selecting a paper, finding gaps between that, what are the limitations of
paper and how we can extend this work in future[13].
Flowerdew, J. (1999)In Hong Kong people are refer local language
papers instead of English. High indexing journals accepts manuscripts in
English, developed countries accepting English compare to their first
language. Because English can be national wide, citation increased, all
authors prefer these manuscripts. Method of analysis conducted by
suing ATLAS.ti software to verify researcher work.Native speakers write
very fluently and take less time compare to other researcher. Finally
they conduct survey different countries authors opinions on writing and
speaking in English[14].Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019)Scholars
lining many problems in writing research in L2. Because the research
proposals are in L2 competence, the good knowledge on English writing
skills helps them for better presentation. Most of scholars facing same
issues like unclear idea on topics, terminologies of research, failure in
methodology, and also problems in reporting the review of literature.
problems in writing thesis are difficulty in presenting their ideas in L2
compare to L1 and not able to develop their confidence in transfer
academic voice[15]. Salager-Meyer, F. (2014)This paper describes about
how the journals are divided and what type of information stored inside
mainstream and peripheral journals.Native English authors rejected by
5
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
peripheral journals. Journals face different type of challenges to solve
the native authors. Peripheral journals publish both the regional and
other languages also. For good researcher need to follow the ethical
publication is most important to avoid shade and plagiarism. Finally
peripheral journals include the databases, science honor index and
humanities honor index. By including all its going to get high indexing
value[16].Huang, J. C. (2010)Scholars having the confidence about
scientific research in journal publication if they are having English
proficiency are not. Lack of English ability and non language related
problems can prevent scholars to prosperity their publication.
Epistemology follows grounded theory movement and sampling
interview data collection method used. Reviewer give comments
regarding research writing and judging will be embarrassed even
research is accepted. To subdue this author propose a framework to
how to write if they are not soothing.Reviewer Granular comments on
language also verified by scholar using framework[17].
Karimnia, A. (2013)In this paper scientific research reading and
writing strategies are mainly adjusted on academic papers and English
writing skills, For that they demeanor study on contrary type of
questions with scholars and teachers. Non English writers also best their
reading and writing skills, quality of data by that their paper will be
selected for great journal. If back ground research is same then junior
and senior scholar work together and writing is same for other
languages by exchange with
similar words[18].Mukminin,
A.et.al.(2015)In this qualitative study no cultural backgrounds in
authorship, disclosure of subject, with out knowledge of academic
writing and demand of help of lectures. Scholars has to follow the
trustworthy, finding of problems instead copying. How the issues are
faced by non English communicating universality to English teachers
and researchers. Its difficult to produce the papers with out proper
cognition of English. Teachers should encourage students by conducting
course of study, webinars,workplace and group discussion. And students
maintain proper communication with teachers[19]. Alfaki, I. M.
(2015)This paper focus on how to identify English writing problems, for
they trait sketch on variety of assignments to students. And find some
difficulty like syntax fault, usage fault, orthography, capitalize etc.
6
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
Reason behind that lack of knowledge, practice, panic and without
knowing semantic structure. In sampling acting they use descriptive
research acting to determine the difficulty. Methodology also used in
terms of tools- how they apply the research method and subjectgathered information from different university students and teachers.
This research used to creative writers[20].Moses, R. N., & Mohamad, M.
(2019)Students who are having English is second language those face
some of the challenges like grammatical mistakes, word power,
vocabulary because of exposure to reading and writing. In school level
foundation thought caviling, adopting new environment, problem
troubleshooting. Students are trying to speak and write in diametric
manner, to reach high level they equivalence with blooms taxonomy.
Teacher play crucial role to finer the student skills,Teacher has to follow
selective method to improve student skills by required content and
action[21].
Statement of the Problem
English proficiency and language fluency for rising their skills in
academic research writing.
Research Objectives
 Refreshing students to immersion on the grandness of English
language proficiency
 Enabling students to develop ability to acquire internationally
intelligible English
 Novel students to acquire proficiency, fluency and accuracy in English
 Motivating students to grow and improve their English language
skills/proficiency.
Significance of the study
This study focused on what are the difficulties faced by the scholars
and teachers with respect to the English language.This will suggest
authorities to help them to get rid of problems with fluency and
accuracy.This will helps to the designers make a new curriculum for the
institutions and universities to focus more on writing skills with
reference to academic research.
7
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
Limitations of the study
 This study only limits the research scholars under going Ph.D
students.
 It limits to the teachers in technical institutions will not applicable to
others.
 It focus only for the students get good proficiency and fluency in
English while academic writing.
Research Methodology
Research Method
Kutlay, N. (2013). This paper focus on level of involving teachers
conducting the research and the data can be collected from different
sources through the language experts though the questionnaires.The
results shows that the teachers can be assessed and it should be
compatible with the academic research. The scholars should be more
practices on research and taken required support provided by the
academics. Teachers should train them to learn new courses to study on
academic research work along with teaching[22].
Population of the sample
Martínez-Mesa, J. et. al. (2016). Author states basics of sampling,
sampling process, whether the part of sample can be included or whole
sample include. Sample size dependents on number of population
participated and sample frame is targeted to group of targeted
people[23].Various sampling methods are available based on problem
apply appropriate sampling method. I create a google form with the
questions and options on a topic of Problems faced while writing
research work or research papers with reference to ENGLISH
LANGUAGE and sent itto 58 members of faculty in Design & Automation
Department, SMEC School.
Questionnaire
I Prepared google form with different type of Questions like what
type problems faced by students and teachers while writing Research
papers and academic writing. Google form return valuable feedback to
us to overcome those issues.
8
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
Data Collection
Martínez, I. M. P. (2020). Author says that data collection regarding
the English language learning and what are metrics are reached
according to the research.Different data collection methods are applied
for getting better results in language proficiency and collected the
responses from the language experts to be specified what are the
consequences are raised while learning and speaking in
English[24].There are totally 16 (sixteen) questions which are to be
responded mandatory and options are same to all questions which
refers to confidence level of the scholars.
 I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
 I commit mistakes in using tenses
 I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
 I struggle to use apt preposition
 I make errors in punctuation's
 Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
 Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
 Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
 I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
 I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
 While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
 Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I read
or what I did
 I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
 I get confused with American and British spellings
 I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
 I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
These are the questions placed according to that given information I
place the same choosing options as follows Strongly Agree, Agree,
Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree. Here, I got 20 responses for the
google form, from different research scholars of SMEC School.
Data Analysis:
Data analysis is the process of methodological approach explains
statistical and analytical techniques to evaluate the information.
9
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
Quantitative Analysis
It is a technique for measuring mathematical and statistical
approaches and relating to the research study. Quantitative analysis can
be defined in terms of numerical values and performance evolution
according to the research. This methods provides the summary of the
research work related information accordingly data to be
collected.Quantitative analysis is very useful for research area to find
out the important data collected and analyzed based on recent trends
information what is going on and what are the new implementations are
stated. These techniques can be used for particularly identifying
methods can be applied based on your research study.
Summary of Analysis
This study focuses on what are the major problems are raised while
writing are search paper. In this analysis students, teachers/faculties
faced a lot of problems while writing a research paper and I taken the
survey on 20 of research scholars from the school of Design &
Automation Department, SMEC School at VIT University.
I struggle to use
appropriate verbs while
writing
I commit mistakes in
using tenses
11
10
7
2
2
0
3
3
1
1
Strongly Agree Neutral DisagreeStrongly
Agree
Disagree
Fig: 1
Fig: 2
Figure-1 represents that 50% of the scholars Disagree for that they
felt difficult in using correct Conjunction while writing their research
paper, 35% Agree, 10% Neutral, and only 5% of them are Strongly
Disagree to the statement.
10
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
Figure-2 represents that 55% of the scholars Disagree that they
were making mistakes in using tenses while writing their research
paper, 15% Agree & Strongly Disagree each, 10% Strongly Agree,
5% of them are Neutral to the statement.
I have difficulty in using
correct Conjunction
I struggle to use apt
preposition
9
8
5
6
4
5
2
0
1
0
Fig: 3
Fig: 4
Figure-3 represents that 40% of the scholars agree for that
they felt difficult in using correct Conjunction while writing their
research paper, 30% Disagree, 25% Neutral, and 5% of them are
Strongly Disagree to the statement. Figure-4 represents that 45%
of the scholars are Agree for struggling to use apt preposition while
writing their research paper, 25% Disagree, 20% Neutral and 10%
of them are Strongly Disagree to the statement.
11
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
I make errors in
punctuations
6
Some of my errors are
in the use of CAPITAL
and SMALL letters
6
5
8
9
3
0
1
1
1
Fig: 5
Fig: 6
Figure-5 represents that 30% of the scholars are Agree& Disagree
eachthat they make errors in punctuation while writing their research
paper, 25% Neutral and 15% of them are Strongly Disagree each to the
statement. Figure-6 represents that 45% of the scholars are Strongly
Disagree that they make some errors in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL
letters while writing, 40% Disagree and only 5% of them are Agree,
Strongly Agree & Neutral each to the statement.
Use of suitable
vocabulary is a big
challenge for me
Sometimes I notice
errors in the use of
Singular & Plural forms
8
5
4
7
6
3
4
2
1
0
Fig: 7
Fig: 8
Figure-7 represents that 40% of the scholars are Neutralin facing
problems while using suitable vocabularyon writing paper, 25%
Disagree, 20% Agree, 10% Strongly Disagree and only 5% of them are
12
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
Strongly Agree to the statement. Figure-8 represents that 35% of the
scholars are Disagree that they noticed some errors in the use of
Singular & Plural forms while writing paper, 30% Agree, 20% Strongly
Disagree and only 15% of them are Neutral to the statement.
I make errors while
constructing a lengthy
sentence
I am confused with the
use of active and
passive voices
9
7
5
3
4
3
3
2
2
2
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Agree Neutral DisagreeStrongly
Agree
Disagree
Fig: 9
Fig: 10
Figure-9 represents that 35% of the scholars are Agreethat they
make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence in writing a paper,
25% Neutral,15% Strongly Agree & Disagree each and 10% of them are
Strongly Disagree to the statement. Figure-10 represents that 45%
Disagree that they confused with the use of active and passive voices in
writing a paper, 20% of them are Strongly Disagree, 15% Agree, 10%of
the scholars are Neutral and Strongly Agree to the statement.
13
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
While writing, I have
difficulty to express
what I know
Sentence construction
is a big trial for me
while I express what I
read or what I did
9
5
1
2
8
3
4
4
3
1
Fig: 11
Fig: 12
Figure-11 represents that 45% Disagree that while writing papers
facing difficulties to express what they know in writing a paper, 25% of
them are Strongly Disagree, 15% Neutral, 10% Agree, and 5% of the
scholars are Strongly Agree to the statement. Figure-12 represents
that40% Disagree that they had a problem during sentence construction
to express what they read or what they did,20% of the scholars are
Agree and Strongly Disagree, 15% Neutral and only 5% of them are
Strongly Agree to the statement.
I notice lot of spelling
errors in my writing
I get confused with
American and British
spellings
11
8
4
1
2
7
2
3
2
0
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Fig: 13
Fig: 14
14
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
Figure-13 represents that 55% of the scholars are Disagree that they
noticed lot of spelling errors in writing paper, 20% Strongly Disagree,
10% Agree& Neutral and only 5% of them are Strongly Agree to the
statement. Figure-14 represents that 40% of the scholars are Agree that
they confused with American and British spellings while writing
paper,35% Neutral, 15% Disagree and 10% of them are Strongly Agree
to the statement.
I use the same words
and phrases repeatedly
6
I notice translation from
my mother tongue in my
writing
6
7
4
2
5
5
2
2
1
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Fig: 15
Fig: 16
Figure-15 represents that 30% of the scholars are Agree &
Disagreethat they using the same words and phrases repeatedly while
writing a paper, 20%Neutral and only 10% of them are Strongly Agree &
Strongly Disagree to the statement. Figure-16 represents that 35% of
the scholars areDisagree each about they noticed translation from their
mother tongue in writing a paper, 25%Neutral & Agree, 10% Strongly
Disagree and only 5% of them are Strongly Agree to the statement.
Recommendation
In future strongly recommend to scholars and teachers to follow
morals and ethics when they publish their work. Teachers play crucial
role students life thats why motivate students to improve their skills in
different zonal, then it helpful to their future growth.
15
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
Conclusion
English language for academic communication and research work.
There is demand for to better English writing skills for academic
research.
Cardinal number
Percent
Strongly Agree
0.05625
Agree
0.253125
Neutral
0.1875
Disagree
0.353125
Strongly Disagree
0.15
Table:1
English writing skills are important to every scholar and teacher.
It can
be useful for academic writing, research papers, report writing
and etc. Most of L2 writers can be identify by their nativity in writing
papers, and their work can be rejected by editors. But in case of L1
writers growth will be increased and they can be aware of copy writing
techniques. Some of L2 writers having knowledge but they don’t know
how to write for that Authors to increase their publication count coping
the others work and publish with their names. To avoid this we propose
every teacher should know the writing skills before teach to students
and to attend different type of workshops to improve their skills,
motivate students also participate and conduct different type of
seminars, workshops and webinars. teachers follow the ethics and
morals to guide the students.
Reference:
1. Nishanthi, R. (2018). The importance of learning English in today
world. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and
Development, 3(1), 871-874.
2. Li, F., Ren, J., & Zhao, H. (2016). Grammatical mistakes in college
English
writing:
Problem
analysis,
reasons
and
solutions. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and
Translation, 2(3), 20-28.
3. McKinley, J., & Rose, H. (2018). Conceptualizations of language
errors, standards, norms and nativeness in English for research
16
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
publication purposes: An analysis of journal submission
guidelines. Journal of Second Language Writing, 42, 1-11.
4. Rao, P. S. (2019). Effective teaching of writing skills to the English
language learners. International Journal Of English Language,
Literature and Translation Studies (IJELR), 6(4), 196-205.
5. Wang, L., &Fan, J. (2020). Assessing Business English writing: The
development and validation of a proficiency scale. Assessing
Writing, 46, 100490.
6. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or
reality. Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
7. Rahman, M. S. (2020). The advantages and disadvantages of using
qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods in language
“testing and assessment” research: A literature review.
8. Björk, B. C., & Solomon, D. (2013). The publishing delay in scholarly
peer-reviewed journals. Journal of informetrics, 7(4), 914-923.
9. Demir, S. B. (2018). Predatory journals: Who publishes in them and
why?. Journal of Informetrics, 12(4), 1296-1311.
10. Hua, F., Shen, C., Walsh, T., Glenny, A. M., & Worthington, H. (2017).
Open Access: Concepts, findings, and recommendations for
stakeholders in dentistry. Journal of dentistry, 64, 13-22.
11. Guo, X., Li, X., & Yu, Y. (2021). Publication delay adjusted impact
factor: The effect of publication delay of articles on journal impact
factor. Journal of Informetrics, 15(1), 101100.
12. Akyürek, E., & Afacan, Ö. (2018). Problems Encountered during the
Scientific Research Process in Graduate Education: The Institute of
Educational Sciences. Higher Education Studies, 8(2), 47-57.
13. Bocar, A. C. (2013). Difficulties encountered by the studentresearchers and the effects on their research output. Proceeding of
the Global Summit on Education, 10.
14. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication
in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 8(3), 243-264.
15. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
16. Salager-Meyer, F. (2014). Writing and publishing in peripheral
scholarly journals: How to enhance the global influence of
17
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.1
multilingual scholars?. Journal of English for Academic
Purposes, 13, 78-82.
17. Huang, J. C. (2010). Publishing and learning writing for publication
in English: Perspectives of NNES PhD students in science. Journal of
English for Academic Purposes, 9(1), 33-44.
18. Karimnia, A. (2013). Writing research articles in English: Insights
from Iranian university teachers’ of TEFL. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 70, 901-914.
19. Mukminin, A., Ali, R. M., & Ashari, M. J. F. (2015). Voices from
Within: Student Teachers' Experiences in English Academic
Writing Socialization at One Indonesian Teacher Training
Program. Qualitative Report, 20(9).
20. Alfaki, I. M. (2015). UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ENGLISH WRITING
PROBLEMS: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY.
21. Moses, R. N., & Mohamad, M. (2019). Challenges faced by students
and teachers on writing skills in ESL Contexts: A literature
review. Creative Education, 10(13), 3385-3391.
22. Kutlay, N. (2013). A survey of English language teachers’ views of
research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 188-206.
23. Martínez-Mesa, J., González-Chica, D. A., Duquia, R. P., Bonamigo, R.
R., & Bastos, J. L. (2016). Sampling: how to select participants in my
research study?. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 91(3), 326-330.
24. Martínez, I. M. P. (2020). Methods of data collection in English
empirical linguistics research: Results of a recent survey. Language
Sciences, 78, 101263.
18
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
CHAPTER -2
Researcher significant challenges and difficulties while
writing a research paper using English language
AMUDHA M
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
amudha.2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
English has been the language of choice for several international
scholarly journals. In most cases research papers are often rejected
assist to lack of excellent writing skills in English and lack of using
appropriate words/vocabulary or sentence structures. English
utilized in everyday situations or general purpose is sort of different
from English utilized in academic writing. Academic English is
purposely used for reading and understanding the study materials,
and writing about the topic. It’s wont to describe an object, situation,
a process or how something works and explain something.
Researchers should have command over the knowledge of English so
as to precise their ideas, opinions, hypothesis and insights about
their research and to disseminate their research findings and results
to the people of related research area.
The paper was critical of guidelines that indicated poor language,
and not the contribution to knowledge, would be a primary reason to
reject a manuscript. One among our conclusions was for author
guidelines to not foreground ‘good’ language or ‘error free’ writing as
a criterion of educational excellence.
Error types, causes of errors, effects of errors on their field of
specialization and the way the errors might be remedied were
discussed. Data were collected from the engineering students’
written materials in English. Three sets of materials were collected:
examination scripts, tests scripts and composition scripts. Error
types were classified through careful reading of the scripts and
marking them. Error analyses were presented graphically and
discussed. It is observed that errors occurred most in grammar,
19
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
followed by expression, punctuation, spelling, vocabulary and least in
connectives. Among the three test papers, analysis further revealed
that less error occurred within the composition.
Today’s global world, the importance of English can't be denied
and ignored since English is that the greatest common language
spoken universally. This type of tendency prevents students from
learning English sufficient practice isn't given to students to find out
a language. Knowledge of English is important if one wants to return
up in life. It’s the main window of the fashionable world. This is often
all the more true where the advanced countries have opened their
doors for recruiting technically qualified persons.
E-learning stands for education via the web, network, or
standalone computer. E - Learning is actually the network-enabled
transfer of skills and knowledge. It refers to using electronic
applications and processes to find out. These applications and
processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning,
virtual classrooms and digital collaboration When students learn
English for free of charge,it's important that they enjoy the
experience. This suggests they ought to cash in of the fun activities
available on the location to assist to the training process. Adult
learners will enjoy the straightforward pace of the teachings that
begin with easier concepts and realistic situations, like topics that
include the way to introduce you and keep it up a brief conversation
a few sorts of topics. Many of us have the thought that learning
English may be a difficult process. In fact, the other is true and
therefore the language is basically easy to find out. They ought to
proceed in small steps and learn from their own mistakes.
Academics are coming under increasing pressure to publish
internationally. Given the worldwide dominance of English, this very
likely means publishing in English-medium journals and with
publishers which publish in English. This raises the important
question of the possible disadvantage of these scholars whose
mother tongue isn't English and who therefore have the extra burden
of getting to develop adequate proficiency in a further language,
English.
This study aims to research challenges in writing of English
research articles faced by the non-native-English-speaking (NNES)
postgraduate students. This survey study had 157 postgraduate
students of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang,
20
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Bangkok, Thailand responding to the questionnaires. The
quantitative data were analyzed within the SPSS program with
descriptive statistics techniques. The results revealed that the
scholars had a moderate level of difficulty in writing academic paper
(M=3.25, SD=0.87). Furthermore, 31% of the participants reported
that that they had faced problems during an academic writing in a
moderate level. The findings indicated that 43% of the participants
who were required to write down research in English had
encountered many difficulties in writing process.
Literary Survey
Challenges to identify and choose journals
Knight L.V et.al. (2008)This paper addresses the issues faced by the
academic scholars can determine the optimal journal for submit their
research. The objective of this research was to create an extensive
model with the help of that an author should select a journal for
submission of a manuscript. The extensive model developed here used
to assists the authors in comparing journal alternatives and it provides
three primary journal selection categories are weighed and balanced.
Such as Time to Publication, Review Cycle Time Delay, and Publication
Time Delay, are identified and named, and their state is characterized in
this article. Researcher typically makes journal selection decisions is a
recurrent event throughout their careers. Since the submission and
assessment process can easily take months and academic researchers
are expected to submit a manuscript to only one journal at any given
time, the proper selection of a journal is critical to publishing success.
Luse, A. et.at.(2012)Research is the an important activity for the
research scholar, Many research scholar do not have a research focus,
and even those who do may still lack the experience needed to develop
an explicit topic with in a broader research area. The process of
selecting research topic plays an important role, once we selected the
topic then need to search for a journal to publish the work. Journal
selection process is the critical thing for all researchers, research scholar
want to identify the journal which meets all criteria like cite score and
impact factor, acceptance rate and cost of the journal everything taken
as a confinement.
21
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Mercer, J. (2007).This paper explores the challenges faced by the
academic researchers to publish their work in a journal. At the starting
stages the research scholars are struggle to publish in a good journal,
but often that could be because their work, even when it is of good
quality, often need the finesse and the attention to detail that an
experienced researcher’s work. Researchers constantly move back and
forth along a number of conditions, depending upon time, location,
participants and topic. Once your manuscript is ready, you have to select
a proper journal. Once you have submitted to a journal and have
received peer reviewer comments, you should try incorporating the
reviewers’ suggestions. This will help improve your manuscript, and
even if your paper is rejected initially, it will eventually be published.
Colwell, A. C. (2011). The problems faced by students in writing the
research paper. There are a lot of students who have the ability to write
the research paper, but due to the lack of guidance and not familiar with
the format and the process of writing a research paper, they are unable
to write this type of academic work. In this study is the problem in
selecting the research topic, and choosing a journal to publish were
discussed. The type of journal can be selected based on the research
area. The journal selection is the important strategy; journal is selected
by using the journal selection tool like JANE, springer, Elsevier journal
finder. Students choose any one journal but need to know about that
clearly. Students were facing lot of problem while choosing a journal
funding problem, peer review problem, lack of replication problem,
acceptance rate.
Sonia Regina Jurado et.al. (2014)The scientific papers published in
the research area have increased significantly. Still, the quality of these
scientific publications has been discussed. In this, we examined some of
the major problems regarding identifying the journal for publishing our
work, with importance on the structuring of a scientific paper. The
description of components, which form the structure of the scientific
text, guidelines for the process of choosing the journal for publication,
desirable language characteristics in the construction of the text,
procedures for submission for publication, and causes of rejection.
Bavdekar S. B et.al. (2015).Research work can be justice by name of
journal we use to publish our work, selecting a good journal early is
22
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
important, journal have different criteria based on the style in which
abstract is written, permitted word count and way of citing references
etc. The author facing more problems while publishing the manuscript
in the best journal, the authors need to spend more time and effort on
altering the article format to suit journal style and requirements. It is a
time consuming process at that time authors have patience in trying to
satisfy several reviewers. Some journal charges fees for publishing the
wok, this charges could be charged at any stage till publication. The
author should face the problem based on the above constraints i.e.
acceptance rate, fees, reviewer satisfaction.
Problems with writing in English
Toks, S. (2017) Research paper writing is a long, heuristic, openended, and inventive process. Students are not familiar with writing
research papers from their high school days, the real fact that research
paper writing skills require more training and practice. Research
papers differ from other written assignments. They are not the
collection of writer’s own idea or views like essay type tasks. The
problems students faced should be categories into three types: (1)
finding the concept of research, (2) writing/presentation of the research
idea, (3) problems with language. The researcher facing trouble with
language, students encounter in written tasks, sentence framing, and
misused words. Demotic errors considered by students in writing essays
like punctuation and capitalization errors and preposional error.
Research students wants to develop critical reading skills, it will
improve their writing ability.
Azizah U.A et.al. (2018)This survey indicates that acquiring
knowledge was the most difficult
aspect in writing the article. In
research, there are several contexts considering difficult in writing
process, which represent literacy view, knowledge, technical aspect of
writing, difficulties faced by researchers are classified into three types:
(1) discursive challenges, non-discursive challenges, and (3) other
challenges. Discursive challenges refer to language and context
including well-structured paragraph, vocabulary, citation, making
reference and so on. While non-discursive challenges relate to the
factors like plagiarism, motivation, emotional and psychological factors,
23
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
and others. And the last, other challenges mean lack of support in
conducting research. The aim is to enquire the problems of research
students in writing English scholarly article for an international journal.
Fareed M et.al. (2016)Writing is an essential skill for students,
where students face many
challenges in writing. The present study
was conducted with an aim to investigate problems in Pakistani
undergraduate ESL learners’ writing and factors that prevent their
writing skills. For this purpose, focus groups of Pakistani English
language teachers ‘and undergraduate ESL learners were conducted.
Writing samples were also collected from 30 ESL undergraduate
learners to find the major problems in their writing. The students and
teachers delineated several problems in the writing of undergraduate
ESL learners. They agreed that ESL learners lack knowledge of
appropriate vocabulary. They don’t know the appropriate use of words.
Learners also have difficulties in grammar and syntax. They make
mistakes in subject-verb agreement, pronouns, tenses, articles,
prepositions and basic sentence structures. ‘The major problem is with
the uses of tenses and articles and preposition and sentence structure.
Moses, R. N et.al.(2019)This study aims to explore the challenges
faced by both the scholars and teachers in learning also as teaching
writing skills in primary schools. English is a world language. English
is most generally used language around the world. However, English
writing has always been a challenge for second language students to
teacher. Developing students’ ability in writing English may be
challenges faced by the ESL teachers in most faculties nowadays.
However, writing has always been a serious difficulty faced by
students in English learning, particularly in primary schools. Not
only that, teachers also are facing some challenges in teaching
writing skills for college kids in primary schools. The power to show
writing effectively at primary schools is one among the critical skills
among English teachers. A number of the challenges that are faced
by the ESL students are lack of vocabulary, poor grammar, poor
spelling, students’ readiness and lack of exposure to books and
reading materials. This paper provides a literature review on the
challenges faced by both teachers also as students in teaching and
learning writing skills.
24
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Problems while writing research paper
Genç, B et.al. (2010) This study aims to the difficulty regarding the
utilization of English as a primary, second or foreign language round
the world with a selected regard to academic writing. Within the
times, English has become the language of not only science but also
collection, computing, diplomacy, and tourism. English plays a
neighborhood within the cultural, political, or economic lifetime of
the subsequent countries Translation problems from other languages
into English cause serious problems for people doing business.
International English offers the users its own advantages: this sort of
English saves scholars from having to re-edit publications for
individual regional markets. Teachers and learners of English as a
second language also find it a beautiful idea; both are often
concerned that their English should be neutral, without British,
American, Canadian, or Australian coloring. This is often because any
regional sort of English features a set of political, social, and cultural.
Karimnia, A. (2013)This study aims to look at differences and
similarities in reference to their academic experience, and to spot
Iranian researches of TEFL language difficulties then to match the
strategy that helped them to beat these difficulties in writing
research papers. So, interviews were conducted with 10 Iranian
university teachers` of TEFL 5 junior, 2 middle-ranking and three
senior researchers. The analysis cares not only with their difficulties,
but also with their strategies to affect them. Another important
characteristic seems to be their learning strategies, and these
strategies are divided into two categories. The primary one focuses
on reading academic papers in their field to find out typical writing
patterns. This strategy was followed by all. The second involves
giving direct attention to those researchers seem to prefer simply to
affect their English. It might even be interesting to match how
English speaking researchers and non-English-speaking researchers
apply the utilization of tense, voice and verbs.
Carter, S. (2009)This paper describes and evaluates one response
an article support group for EAL doctoral students using volunteer
native speakers. The article concludes by watching this community of
practice from several positions—student, supervisor, institution and
25
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
volunteer, and my very own as a tertiary learning advisor. Some
students would like professional editing at the submission stage to be
provided without cost, something they're unlikely to urge. Thus one
set of limitations relates to resources. One student identified that
D.EAL are often a waste of your time for proficient writers. “If your
English is at a really good level already it's difficult to enhance in
D.EAL sessions because often the session partners are comparing or
rather have compared my English to others students and their
difficulties. I also found that some partners have enjoyed an honest
conversation more that really performing on the text itself.”
YAĞIZ, O et.al.(2012)As English uninterruptedly expands because
the leading language
for transmission of educational knowledge
then the question of writing effectively and in expected ways causes
considerable challenges to students requiring graduates to find out
to master then on achieve the academia. Many Turkish students until
get on their graduate studies appear to not have learned the way to
write systematically and gained adequate writing experiences except
being instructed to be grammatically correct and writing in certain
number of paragraphs. That specializes in the precise abstraction
needs and practices of particular groups in academic contexts,
English for tutorial purposes, takes on an understanding of the
cognitive, social and science demands of specific academic
disciplines. During this context, academic writing instructor can
undertake a task of guidance. In academic writing centers will assist
inexperienced writers and students in terms of literary genre and
conventions through their written products. Therefore, universities
can found writing centers with professional personnel’s and allocate
adequate budget to profit from good writers and technological
facilities within the field of educational writing.
Statement of the Problem
In the academic research English language plays an important role.
Scholars and students facing difficulties while using English language.
26
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Research Objectives
Researcher’s difficulties writing a research paper in English language
while doing research work.
Significance of the study
The ability to write effective research papers is becoming
increasingly important in our global community.
Limitations of the study
This study focus on Research scholar undergoing PhD program and
Teachers working in technical institute.
Research Methodology
 Research Method
Williams, C. (2007). The common research approaches, qualitative,
quantitative, and mixed methods, along with the various research
designs commonly used when conducting research within the
framework of each approach. The quantitative research is the process of
collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the results of a study,
while qualitative research is the approach to data collection, analysis,
and report writing differing from the traditional, quantitative
approaches.
 Population of the sample
Barreiro, P. L. et.al. (2001). This selection process corresponds to a
random sampling. We will say that we are making random sampling
when the process, through which we choose the sample, guarantees that
all the possible samples that we can take from the population have the
same probability of being chosen, this is, all the elements of the
population have the same probability of being chosen to belong to the
sample.
 Data Collection
Hox, J. J. et.al. (2005). To collect data using different data collection
strategy one is experimental and another one is survey method using
structural questionnaires, data collection strategy involves using a large
27
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
amount of data for small purpose. As this survey had been conducted
using survey questionnaire, the data provided in google form it.
Therefore, when this questionnaire had been distributed to all the
respondents, the questionnaire set is collected as soon as all the
respondents completed answering it.
 I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
 I commit mistakes in using tenses
 I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
 I struggle to use apt preposition
 I make errors in punctuations
 Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
 Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
 Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
 I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
 I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
 While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
 Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I read
or what I did
 I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
 I get confused with American and British spellings
 I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
 I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
Data Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis (QA) is a technique that uses mathematical
and statistical modeling, measurement, and research to understand
behavior. Quantitative analysts represent a given reality in terms of a
numerical value. Quantitative analysis is applied to the measurement,
performance evaluation, valuation of a financial instrument, and
predicting real-world events.Quantitative Studies Statistical analysis
lets us derive important facts from research data, including preference
trends, differences between groups, and demographics.
Because the data is in a numeric form, we can apply statistical tests
in making statements about the data. Quantitative studies’ great
strength is providing data that is descriptive for example, allowing us to
28
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
capture a snapshot of a user population—but we encounter difficulties
when it comes to their interpretation.
Summary of Analysis
Fig.1
Fig.2
In above fig.1 12 % and 2% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 2% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 3% of respondent neutral.
In above fig.2 12 % and 2% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 2% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 3% of respondent neutral
Fig.3
Fig.4
In above fig.3 9% and 0% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 1% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 9% of respondent neutral
In above fig.4 10% and 0% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 2% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 7% of respondent neutral
29
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Fig.5
Fig.6
In above fig.5 6 % and 1% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 5% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 7% of respondent neutral
In above fig.6 3% and 2% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 2% and 11% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 4% of respondent neutral
Fig.7
Fig.8
In above fig.7 7 % and 1% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 0% and 5% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 7% of respondent neutral
In above fig.8 6% and 1% responded for “agree” and “strongly agree”.
Here 1% and 5% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree. However
7% of respondent neutral
30
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Fig.9
Fig.10
In above fig.9 11% and 1% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 2% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 5% of respondent neutral.
In above fig.10 5% and 3% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 2% and 2% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 8% of respondent neutral.
Fig.11
Fig.12
In above fig.11 5% and 3% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 5% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 6% of respondent neutral
In above fig.12 6 % and 4% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 5% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 4% of respondent neutral
31
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Fig.13
Fig.14
In above fig.13 3% and 1% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 5% and 6% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 5% of respondent neutral.
In above fig.14 7 % and 3% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 0% and 1% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 9% of respondent neutral.
Fig.15
Fig.16
In above fig.15 12 % and 1% responded for “agree” and “strongly
agree”. Here 1% and 2% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree.
However 3% of respondent neutral.
In above fig 8 % and 3% responded for “agree” and “strongly agree”.
Here 3% and 4% responded “strongly disagree” and disagree. However
3% of respondent neutral
32
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Recommendation:
Researchers with important and easy tips for correct usage of the
English language and grammar.We also recommend Researchers will
have a better understanding of good English writing skills and fluency,
clarity, and readability. Workshop and conference are helpful to
improve the English skills.
Conclusion:
This study is to explore the challenges faced by Researchers writing
skills in writing a research paper. It can be concluded that researchers
are facing many challenges to learn writing skills.The main problems
that the researcher face while constructing a research paper are lack of
experience, trouble with referencing, lack of critical reading skills and
not being self-confident in writing a research paper. The researcher
reading ability in terms of awareness and critical thinking plays an
important role in their writing ability.
References:
1. Rao, V. C. S. (2018) The Use of English Language in Research,
jrspelt.
2. McKinley, J., & Rose, H. (2019). Standards of English in academic
writing: The authors respond. Journal of Second Language Writing.
3. Ngadda, Z. Y., & Nwoke, A. (2014). An analytical study of errors in
the written English of undergraduate engineering students, ATBU a
case study. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(38), 8-16.
4. Nishanthi, R. (2018). The importance of learning English in today
world. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and
Development, 3(1), 871-874.
5. Nedeva, V., & Dimova, E. (2010). Some advantages of e-learning in
English language training. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 8(3), 21-28.
6. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or reality.
Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
7. Khemanuwong, T., Muangnakin, P., Phairot, E., & Kho, S. H. (2020).
Difficulties in Writing English Language Research Paper: The
Experience of Thai NNES Postgraduate Students.
8. Knight, L. V., & Steinbach, T. A. (2008). Selecting an Appropriate
Publication Outlet: A Comprehensive Model of Journal Selection
33
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
Criteria for Researchers in a Broad Range of Academic
Disciplines. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 3.
9. Luse, A., Mennecke, B. E., & Townsend, A. M. (2012). Selecting a
research topic: A framework for doctoral students. International
Journal of Doctoral Studies, 7, 143.
10.Mercer, J. (2007). The challenges of insider research in educational
institutions: Wielding a double‐edged sword and resolving delicate
dilemmas. Oxford review of education, 33(1), 1-17.
11.Colwell, A. C. (2011). 242: Writing Challenges for Graduate Students
in Engineering and Technology. Purdue University, Calumet (Tech).
12. Sonia Regina Jurado ,Jomara Brandini Gomes ,Renilda Rosa
Dias,(2014), Dissemination of Knowledge
in Nursing: From
Elaboration To The Publication of a Scientific paper Rev Min
Enferm.18(1): 252-260
13. Bavdekar, S. B., and Save, S. (2015). Choosing the right journal for a
scientific paper. Journal of The Association of Physicians of India.
14. Toks, S. (2017). Problem Faced by Pre-Service English Language
Teachers in Writing Research Papers.
15. Azizah, U. A., & Budiman, A. (2018). Challenges in writing academic
papers for international publication among Indonesian graduates
students. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics
Studies), 4(2), 175-198
16. Fareed, M., Ashraf, A., & Bilal, M. (2016). ESL learners’ writing skills:
Problems, factors and suggestions. Journal of Education and Social
Sciences, 4(2), 81-92.
17. Moses, R. N., & Mohamad, M. (2019). Challenges faced by students
and teachers on writing skills in ESL Contexts: A literature review.
Creative Education, 10(13), 3385-3391
18. Genç, B., & Bada, E. (2010). English as a world language in academic
writing.
19. Karimnia, A. (2013). Writing research articles in English: Insights
from Iranian university
teachers’ of TEFL. Procedia-Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 901-914.
34
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.2
20. Carter, S. (2009). Volunteer support of English as an additional
language (EAL) for doctoral
students.
International
Journal of Doctoral Studies, 4, 13-25.
21. YAĞIZ, O., & YİĞİTER, K. (2012). Academic writing difficulties and
challenges in Advanced Academic Literacy. The journal of academic
social science studies, 5(8), 1261-1272.
22. Williams, C. (2007). Research methods. Journal of Business &
Economics Research (JBER), 5(3).
23. Barreiro, P. L., & Albandoz, J. P. (2001). Population and sample.
Sampling techniques. Management mathematics for European
schools, 1(1), 1-18.
24. Hox, J. J., & Boeije, H. R. (2005). Data collection, primary versus
secondary.
35
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
CHAPTER -3
A logical study of issues in academic writing
1ANANDHI G, 2DR IYAPPARAJA M
1Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor
School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
Corresponding Author: anandhi.g2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Al-Khairy, M. A., (2013).One million students worldwide are
studying English, highlighting the value of English teaching/learning for
academic purposes.Students must be able to work clearly in the target
language since English has become "the medium of a great deal of the
world's information." English has become the language of science,
commerce, literacy, and so on. Bridgeman, B., (1983). Writing ability
was graded as important to succeed in graduate school, but it was rated
much more essential to progress after graduating.Discourse-level skills
in writing of natives and non-natives have been viewed as very similar,
but substantial differences in sentence and word skills as well as in
overall writing have been identified.
Singh, C. K. S., et.al, (2017). For several students, writing is a dynamic
and demanding activity; teachers should concentrate on the
grammatical principles necessary for clear communication of
meaning.One of the most widely used theories of second language
learning is Error analysis (EA). It focuses on determining the errors
made by L2 learners by comparing their acquired standards to desired
language norms and describing the errors found.Teachers find EA
valuable because it offers information on common language learning
problems that can be used to prepare effective teaching materials.
Nedeva, V., et.al. (2010). E - learning is simply the transference of
skills and information across the network. Learning Management
System (LMS) offers advantages from the management of education, the
maintenance of educational records, to the distribution of online courses
and online communication functionality. It is also used in companies to
simplify registration and registration for employees. MOODLE is an
36
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
open-source framework which educators can use to build online courses
Management System. De Caro, E. E. R. (2009). Both written and oral
practises are useful for dialogues and roles. Writing dialogues could
inspire students without burdens to write. Pairing and role-playing
activities could help them remember the dialogue through repeated
practises. It was easier and more fun to remember the English languages
because they exchanged English languages with friends and enjoyed
learning them.
Anderson, J. (1993). There was a refusal to engage in open
discussions, low visibility of native English speakers, lack of language
skills, different needs and motivations of trainees, and inadequate
training of teachers.These issues have led to big problems. Due to an
unwillingness to engage in open talks for fear of losing face and
sacrificing future employment prospects.Yunus, M. M., et.al.
(2013).Teachers communicate with their students using technologies
such as instant messaging (IM) or blogs. Students, on the other hand,
will not take the assignment seriously and will not apply what they have
learned in school to their job postings. The students are exposed to a
variety of reading materials and types of writing, but there are risks to
lead to rapid, shallow and often inaccurate comprehension of the
content with the computer screen reading skills acquired.
Literary Survey
Challenges to identify and choose journals
Qasem, F. A. A., et.al. (2019). Students in the English department and
the computer science department each carried out their studies in
English as a second language (ESL). As can be seen from the results, it is
evident that 70% of the participants have the greatest challenge to
compose research or present research assignments in English. The
study reviewed various and familiar difficulties such as the challenge of
deciding on a subject for research, as well as an absence of clarity
information about the methods. This research is designed to include
some advice on how to make the research proposal and research project
writing processes better.
Naz, A., et.al. (2011). This paper argues that social science research
is hindered by a lack of appropriate guidelines for researchers and a
friendly research environment. The following tools and techniques are
used for data analysis: statistical testing, Chi-square testing, and
correlation analysis.70 graduate and post-graduate students from
37
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
various social science departments at Malak and University are used for
data collection in quantitative analysis.The results and observations
suggest that social science researchers face different problems and
challenges during the study process.
Yoshihara, R., et.al. (2020). The study explored the practical issues
and difficulties encountered by teachers when they used communicative
language teaching (CLT) in their classrooms and how they reflected on
their struggles through reflective journals for future teaching. Data
analysis is carried out with help of reflective journals and the data is
carried out from various sources. They found that their problems with
CLT included the unwillingness of the students to participate in group
activities, the challenges of instructors with the use of L1 (first
language) and the challenge of finding a balance between course
objectives, English proficiency of the students and a CLT approach.
Yalçın, M., et.al. (2016). The aim of this study is to identify the
research problem in educational administrative studies. Case study and
criterion sampling is been used in this work. Data is collected using
content analysis. The content review consists of five key issues that
consolidate comments by researchers in education administration on
factors that are seen to be important in identifying research problems.
They are i. “criteria for identifying research problems,”, ii. “resources for
identifying research problems,”, iii. “criteria for limiting the extent of
research problems,”, iv. “criteria for assessing research problems,” and
v. “theory-practice balance in research problems,”
Martín, P., et.al. (2014). A online survey is conducted for Ph.D holding researchers in a research institute. as a result, the researcher
requires assistance in order to complete his research study. Using this
survey's results, we should be able to create training materials that
could help scholars who are multilingual. By making scholars aware of
the similarities and variations in the methods of rhetoric chosen by
writers can feel more secure about the rhetorical choices they have for
members of their particular disciplinary group.
Yalçin, S., et.al. (2017). This research is done to determine the
challenges faced during the academic research process. Data is collected
and analysed with a semi-structured protocol form and descriptive
analysis respectively. During the study process, the findings obtained
from the research determined that academics had problems with
foreign languages, difficulties in the process of data processing,
problems with publishing their research, time problems with their
38
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
research, problems with collaborative work with their colleagues and
difficulties in accessing international resources.
Problems with writing in English
Ozdemir, N. O. (2014).The research is intended to examine the
postgraduate Turkish students for the use of English as a Science
Foreign Language.A formal interview was conducted in either English as
a Foreign Language (TOEFL) test or the international English as an
international language test for graduate studies. Content analysis is
done to clarify the interview data. The key results show that these
students assumed that the advantages of English as the dominant
language of academia outweighed its negative aspects; participants
concentrated on English as a universal language, Communication mode
for sharing research and meeting professional requirements. while most
post-graduate students (78.125 percent) felt like they were working at a
disadvantage.
Muresan, L. M., et.al. (2014). The aim of paper is to report on the
study of communication practices behaviours and conditions towards
the role of English. Clear understand of languages in bi-/multiliterate
educational settings like the Romanian community is discussed. They
examine a local scholarly community in which various uses are allocated
to English, to the global language and to other multiple languages. The
method used here is version of the questionnaire, original survey
instrument. The results indicate ambiguous positions and almost
everyone recognizes the need for a common research language and feels
more personal benefits in its work.
Javed, M. (2019). In drafting the first research paper and addressing
these issues, the difficulties faced by students and addressing these
issues are discussed. Eight problem have been found and they are
choosing the research topic, difficulties in writing literature review,
plagiarism problem and so on. The major problem faced by fifty percent
of the student is writing research paper in second language (English).
Population and sample method is used and descriptive research design
is used for solving problem in research. They conducted a survey from a
university and the result show that nearly 80% of students have the
problem in second language.
McGrath, L. (2014). This research starts to resolve the gap by
analysing the languages used at a major Swedish university for scholarly
and community publication. In parallel to the questionnaire and
39
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
database trawl, semi-structured interviews collected data. The findings
for the research are in line with studies focused on other linguistic
contexts that demonstrate that language usage is decided by extrainstitutional powers. The outcome of semi-structured interviews with
15 participants indicate that language practices are defined
predominantly by logistical forces such as the target audience,
publication outlet, subject and genre, rather than by theoretic.
Problems while writing research paper
Shahsavar, Z., et.al. (2020). The exploratory sequential mixed
method has been used. Evaluation process is carried out by Descriptive
analysis, Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. The findings indicate
that, most students, even excellent ones, were unable to fabricate,
review or describe the literature while writing. They concentrated
primarily on illustrating the observations and perspectives of other
researchers. Finding a solution will not only alter the bad feelings and
thoughts of students in writing their literature, but also will encourage
student effectively to compose some pieces of writing.
Shaheen, N. (2016). The research adapted a qualitative approach to
investigate the experiences of British teachers on teaching foreign
students at UK universities. Critical thinking is particularly important
since it is one of the four standards for learning evaluation for marking
and ranking at the level of honor. The results show that students from
multicultural traditions are distinct, which tends to potentially impact in
academic.Specific effort is advised to create awareness to encourage
students to adapt to the new academic atmosphere.Lodge, J. M., et.al.
(2018). In learning process there are lot difficulties, particularly for
conceptual learning. The issue in the education system is that the
teachers are unable to give individual and specific attention to help the
student. This problem is because of the increased use of digital
technology for leaning and larger classes. The development of a sense of
cognitive disequilibrium is an important aspect. They try to provide a
comfort zone for students using conceptual model. This will help to
outline the process of confusion creation and resolution so that, as a
result of being confused, researchers and learning designers will
continue to develop strategies to ensure students achieve positive
results.
Tiwari, H. P. (2019). Writing the study paper in the form of a thesis
is considered among the students to be the most difficult. They have
40
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
used interview method to collect data. Qualitative research method is
used for their study. The collected data is analysed using Descriptive
techniques of qualitative data analysis. The results of the study showed
that the mentors' unsupportive actions and difficulties in choosing the
exact field or area of the interest are major challenges when writing the
thesis in English Education.
Statement of the Problem
The problem statement is that English is one of the most challenging
aspects of academic study for researchers and students.
Research Objectives
1. Focuses on metalinguistic awareness in the development of English
academic writing proficiency in higher education.
2. Enhancing the writing skills of students, the pedagogical approaches
used by the faculty members.
3. Revealing significant differences in language proficiency and
multilingualism in relation to academic performance.
4. Motivating the growing body of literature on the multifaceted and
dynamic nature of motivation in the field of second language
acquisition.
5. Demonstrate the significance of right prefrontal areas for language
proficiency
Significance of the study
This study is going to be very important consequences of study This
study will helps us to understand what are the difficulties faced by
research scholars and teachers with references to English language. We
will suggest the authorities to take necessary steps to help them get rid
of this problem with fluency accuracy. After this study, we have to read
literature and we have collected data. We identified that; research
writing is little bit challenge in case if we don’t have sufficient English
skill.
Limitations of the study
We are focusing our research on two area.
1. Only research scholars seeking a Ph.D. are eligible to participate in
this review.
2. This research is limited to teachers who serve in technical schools.
41
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Methodology
 Research Method
Glasow, P. A., (2005). A survey is a simple method for collecting
data for conducting investigation. Survey research is used to
explain particular aspects of a population in a quantitative
manner.The survey will obtain data from large population samples.
There are two types of survey question open- ended questions and
closed- ended questions.Open ended questionnaires allow
respondents to answer themselves.The respondent must choose
from a collection of answers to closed questions. Research can be
conducted in different methods. we use survey method. In that we
are going to conduct a reference on survey method. In survey
method we use questioner, conduct a survey, collect data, make
analysis and findings.
 Population of the sample
Taherdoost, H. (2016).It is uncertain that researchers are able
to gather data from all cases in order to address the study
questions. Therefore, a sample must be chosen. The whole number
of cases from which an investigator sample is taken is called
population. Sampling process include six stages (Fig. 1).
Stage 1: Clearly Define Target Population
Stage2: Select Sampling Frame
Stage 3: Choose Sampling Technique
Stage 4: Determine Sample Size
Stage 5: Collect Data
Stage 6: Assess Response Rate
42
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Fig. 1 Stages of sampling process
My sample is teachers from department of chemistry in the school of
advanced sciences. I have sent the request in order to collect data from
74 samples
 Data Collection
Granello, D. H., et.al. (2004).Various online data collection methods
are available. E-mail surveys and Web-based surveys are the two most
popular.In the e-mail survey, the participants are sent an email with email survey, click the answer button, fill in the survey, and click the Send
button.On the other hand, web-based surveys require that the method
be accessible on a web site. we need to fill in the form online, after
completing it, click on a "Submit".
Advantages of online data collection are
1. Reduced response time.
2. Lowered cost.
3. Ease of data entry.
4. Flexibility and control over format.
5. Advances in technology.
6. Recipient acceptance of the format.
7. Obtain additional response-set information.
I gathered data by developing an 18-question questionnaire.
43
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
1. School
2. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing.
3. I commit mistakes in using tenses.
4. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction.
5. I struggle to use apt preposition.
6. I make errors in punctuations.
7. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters.
8. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me.
9. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms.
10. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence.
11. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices.
12. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know.
13. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what
I read or what I did.
14. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing.
15. I get confused with American and British spellings.
16. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly.
17. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing.
All the questions were given the same options
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
I added the above-mentioned query to a google form and
submitted it to the study. I have received feedback from 25
different samples.Just a few of the sample's responses are shown in
(Fig. 2).
44
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Fig. 2 Sample responses from responders
Data analysis
Quantitative analysis (QA) is a method for understanding behaviour
that incorporates mathematical and statistical modelling, calculation,
and testing. Quantitative analysts quantify a situation by assigning a
numerical value to it. Quantitative analysis gives analysts instruments to
assess and interpret past, present and predicted events.QA applies in
many fields such as scientific, economic, social and organised sport.
In the health and social sciences, quantitative data collection is an
essential aspect of the evidence-building process. It can be used for any
form of research question and design, including descriptive,
explanatory, and causal research.
 Descriptive research: We actually want an accurate overview of our
study variables
 Correlational research: We examine associations between our
sample variables in correlational research.
 Experimental research: We analyse whether there is a cause-andeffect relationship between variables
Summary of analysis
The struggles with using acceptable verbs when writing is depicted
in this bar chart Fig.3. In this case, 40% of the population disagrees with
the use of acceptable verbs, while 20% agreed with the definition. Just
28% of the sample is still neutral. This bar chart Fig.4 shows how to
45
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
make a tense error. While 44% of the sample disagreed with this, 20%
of the sample agreed. Neutrality is maintained by 16% of the population.
Fig.3
Fig.4
46
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Fig.5
The difficulty in using proper conjunction is shown in Fig.3 bar map.
The proper use of conjunction is a problem for 52% of the population
sample. 28 percent are unconcerned about the definition, while 16
percent acknowledge the challenges they face. Fig.4 shows that 60% of
the sample disagreed about the use of apt preposition, while only 16%
agreed. Although 20% of the people are undecided.
Fig.6
The sample making punctuation errors when writing is depicted in
Fig. 5. Making mistakes is highly agreed upon by 8% of the population
sample and strongly disagreed upon by 8%. Making mistakes is accepted
by 32% of the survey. In Fig. 6, 44% of the population sample strongly
disagree that using small and capital letters. 36% of the people in the
survey disagree. Just 8% accept of the practise.
47
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Fig.7
Fig.8
Fig.9
48
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
In Fig.7, errors in the use of singular and plural forms are plotted. In
regards to the use of singular and plural, 24% of the sample disagreed.
This was strongly opposed by 28% of those polled. The errors made
when constructing a long sentence are depicted in Fig.8. 36 percent of
the sample agreed with this issue, while 16 percent strongly disagreed.
In terms of use, 20% is considered neutral.
Fig.10
The use of active and passive voices may be confusing, as seen in
Fig.9. To this issue, 36 percent disagreed, while 24 percent strongly
disagreed. 12 percent agreed that they have difficulty distinguishing
between active and passive voices. The remaining 24% was undecided.
The construction of sentences is defined in graph Fig.10. 40% of those
polled disagreed, with 24% strongly disagreeing. The construction of
sentences is a major trail, according to 28% of respondents.
Fig.11
49
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Fig.12
The bar chart in Fig.11 indicates whether the population sample has
trouble expressing what they know when writing. 40% of the people
surveyed disagreed with this, with 32% strongly disagreeing. Just 12%
admitted that they are having difficulties. The use of appropriate
vocabulary, as shown in Fig.12, is a significant challenge. This result
indicates that 36% of the population sample agreed and disagreed
equally on this issue.
Fig.13
50
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Fig.14
Fig.15
Fig.13 depicts spelling mistakes discovered while writing. Since
they would not note spelling mistakes, 40% of the population
strongly disagreed. The issue was agreed by 28% of the sample and
disagreed by 28%. The confusion between British and American
spelling is depicted in Fig.14, a bar map. About 20% of the sample
is unconcerned. In reference to the uncertainty, 48 percent
disagreed.
51
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Fig.16
Fig.17
The Fig.15 bar chart discusses the use of the same words and
phrases frequently. The use of the same words repeatedly was
criticised by 44 percent of the sample, and 20 percent were
strongly opposed. Those who approved or were neutral made up
16% of the population sample. In the graph shown in Fig.16, the
mother tongue translation is observed in their writing. 44% of the
people polled disagreed with this, while only 16% agreed.
52
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
Fig.18
Recommendation
I see several limitations in this study that future researchers
might discuss, such as the effect of students' L1s, the complete
evaluation and competence of the texts prior to such exams, the
inclusion of grammatical indexes with a finished grammar
standard, sub disciplinary variations, and the syntactic complexity
of such students, which is obtained/tracked.At the organizational
level, the duration of successful training sessions should be
enhanced, and a language immersion programme should be
developed so that researchers can engage and integrate with other
institutions' research groups.
Conclusion
To summarise, teachers face a variety of problems and
challenges in effectively disseminating their duties in Writing
English for research, and numerous factors contribute to these
challenges.The most popular challenge or difficulty students face in
the early stages of writing research proposals and projects. A few
of the major challenges:Using English as a Second Language to
write research proposals and programme., Choosing the
appropriate topic, Choosing the best proposal writing
methodology.
53
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
References
1. Al-Khairy, M. A. (2013). Saudi English-Major Undergraduates'
Academic Writing Problems: A Taif University Perspective. English
Language Teaching, 6(6), 1-12.
2. Bridgeman, B., & Carlson, S. (1983). Survey of academic writing tasks
required of graduate and undergraduate foreign students. ETS
Research Report Series, 1983(1), i-38.
3. Singh, C. K. S., Singh, A. K. J., Razak, N. Q. A., & Ravinthar, T. (2017).
Grammar Errors Made by ESL Tertiary Students in Writing. English
Language Teaching, 10(5), 16-27.
4. Nedeva, V., & Dimova, E. (2010). Some advantages of e-learning in
English language training. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 8(3), 21-28.
5. De Caro, E. E. R. (2009). The advantages and importance of learning
and using idioms in English. Cuadernos de Lingüística Hispánica,
(14), 121-136.
6. Anderson, J. (1993). Is a communicative approach practical for
teaching English in China? Pros and cons. System, 21(4), 471-480.
7. Yunus, M. M., Nordin, N., Salehi, H., Sun, C. H., &Embi, M. A. (2013).
Pros and Cons of Using IICT in Teaching ESL Reading and
Writing. International education studies, 6(7), 119-130.
8. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and problems
faced by students in the early stage of writing research projects in
L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Special
Education Research.
9. Naz, A., Khan, Q., Hussain, M., Khan, W., & Daraz, U. (2011).
Problems and Challenges to Graduate and Post Graduate Research
Students of Universities in KPK: A Case Study of University of
Malakand. BIOINFO Sociology, 1(1), 1-8.
10. Yoshihara, R., Kurata, A., & Yamauchi, A. (2020). Reflective journals
to explore struggles and difficulties of novice Japanese EFL
university instructors. Reflective Practice, 21(1), 81-93.
11. Yalçın, M., Bektaş, F., Öztekin, Ö., &Karadağ, E. (2016). Factors
affecting the identification of research problems in educational
administration
studies. Educational
Sciences:
Theory
&
Practice, 16(1).
12. Martín, P., Rey-Rocha, J., Burgess, S., & Moreno, A. I. (2014).
Publishing research in English-language journals: Attitudes,
54
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.3
strategies and difficulties of multilingual scholars of
medicine. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 16, 57-67.
13. Yalçin, S., & AltunYalçin, S. (2017). Difficulties Encountered by
Academicians
in
Academic
Research
Processes
in
Universities. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(6), 143-153.
14. Ozdemir, N. O. (2014). The role of English as a lingua franca in
academia: The case of Turkish postgraduate students in an
Anglophone-centre
context. Procedia-Social
and
Behavioral
Sciences, 141, 74-78.
15. Muresan, L. M., & Pérez-Llantada, C. (2014). English for research
publication and dissemination in bi-/multiliterate environments:
The case of Romanian academics. Journal of English for Academic
Purposes, 13, 53-64.
16. Javed, M. (2019) What are the Problems for Students in Writing The
First Research Paper in a Second Language?.
17. McGrath, L. (2014). Parallel language use in academic and outreach
publication: A case study of policy and practice. Journal of English
for Academic Purposes, 13, 5-16.
18. Shahsavar, Z., & Kourepaz, H. (2020). Postgraduate students’
difficulties in writing their theses literature review. Cogent
Education, 7(1), 1784620.
19. Shaheen, N. (2016). International students’ critical thinking–related
problem areas: UK university teachers’ perspectives. Journal of
Research in International Education, 15(1), 18-31.
20. Lodge, J. M., Kennedy, G., Lockyer, L., Arguel, A., &Pachman, M.
(2018, June). Understanding difficulties and resulting confusion in
learning: an integrative review. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 3, p.
49). Frontiers.
21. Tiwari, H. P. (2019). Writing Thesis in English Education: Challenges
Faced by Students. Journal of NELTA Gandaki, 1, 45-52.
22. Glasow, P. A. (2005). Fundamentals of survey research
methodology. Retrieved January, 18, 2013.
23. Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology;
how to choose a sampling technique
for research. How to Choose
a Sampling Technique for Research (April 10, 2016).
24. Granello, D. H., & Wheaton, J. E. (2004). Online data collection:
Strategies for research. Journal of Counseling& Development, 82(4),
387-393.
55
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
CHAPTER -4
Challenges faced by research scholar in writing research
paper in English
ARCHANA S
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
archana.s2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Rao, V. C. S [1]. The international mobility of young researchers is
facilitated by English as the global academic language. Many foreign
academic journals have chosen English as their language of choice.
Academic writing is difficult, structured, objective, explicit, ambiguous,
and accountable. It is carefully structured and meticulously
designed.Langum.V et al. (2017) Doctoral students in non-English
speaking countries, who are often forced to publish in English rather
than their native language, have long been considered to face an even
greater challenge in meeting the expectation of having foreign academic
publications before joining the job market. Ngangbam, H. (2016). As a
non-native English speaker, writing and speaking in English presents its
own set of challenges. Grammatical errors come in many forms, and they
can easily cause confusion and obfuscation of meaning. Prepositional
errors are a common blunder. The most critical aspects of speech are
subject verb agreement, tenses, punctuation, pronunciation, and other
aspects of speech.Alfaki, I. M. (2015) English language for research can
help you understand solution to important research problems. It can
also help to read and understand many research papers more
easily.Ahmadi. D et al. (2018) The ability to communicate in English
facilitates contact with other English speakers on social networking sites
and allows for more direct and reliable access to information on the
internet.The researcher described the words "technology" and
"technology integration," clarified how technology is used in the
language classroom, examined previous research on using technology to
56
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
develop language learning skills, and made suggestions for bettering the
use of these technologies to help learners improve their learning skills.
Ramírez-Castañeda,
V.
(2020).More than 90% of scientific papers
published by Colombian researchers are written in English, and publishi
ng in a second language incurs additional financial costs for Colombian d
octoral students, as well as difficulties with reading comprehension, writ
ing ease and time, and anxiety.43.5 percent of doctoral students
registered rejection or revision of their papers due to errors in English
grammar, and 33 percent chose not to attend international conferences
and meetings because oral presentations must be in English. Finally, the
cost per article for the translation/editing services checked is between
one-quarter and one-half of a doctoral monthly salary in
Colombo.Yateendra Joshi (2014) Poor English can delay the publication
of research and makes it impossible for a reviewer to assess the paper.
Literary Survey
Challenges to identify and choose journals
Fawaz Ali Ahmed Qasem et al.(2019) presented a research study on
the challenges on writing research report by students. From the
understudy perspective, this paper end eavours to explore the
difficulties that are looked by students when they are preparing the
research proposal at the beginning phases. The examination target
bunch involved students in the last year of arts and science, Alnamas,
University of bisha, saudiArabia.The students under department of
English and department of Computer Science who performed research
project in English language were participated in the research study. The
questionnaire and interviews with students were conducted to perform
study. The outcome from study showed that around 70% of the
members who are doing research or writing reports in English is one of
the dominating difficulties for them. The study listed many other
common issues in research report writing and give some suggestions for
the common challenges or difficulties.
Ojala, M., Reynolds et al.(2020) presented a paper on the growth in
predatory journals and the questionable tactics they use to recruit
scholars to publish in them and work on their editorial boards is
disrupting the world of academic publication. Distinguishing between
genuine and predatory papers and journals is increasingly difficult.
During NASIG's 34th Annual Meeting, two views of this challenging
landscape were presented. MarydeeOjala, a former academic/corporate
57
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
librarian and now publisher of a librarian newsletter, highlighted
threats such as pirated copies of research publications and fears that the
inclusion in Open Access journals of misleading and incoherent "sting"
articles has soured the mindset of the general population towards
scientific knowledge. Debasing scholarly scholarship is a powerful
challenge to academic disciplines and libraries in a "fake news"
environment. The head of the U.S. ISSN Centre, Regina Reynolds,
recounted the perspectives of ISSN workers on the front lines of coping
with the full spectrum of emerging publishers and discussed the larger
issues posed by the phenomena of predatory publishing. In this modern
reality, libraries, academia, traditional publishers, and others need to
continue to grapple with their positions and obligations.
Wardah D. Gumbia et al.(2015) presented a research study on the
challenges faced by research students. It cannot be denied that a
student pursuing an undergraduate degree faces many challenges and
problems.This type of study is examined in the case of student
researchers at a teacher education institution in the southern
Philippines.Some student researchers were intentionally selected and
their personal problem as a researcher and coping mechanism were
determined by conducting some interviews.The results showed that the
researcher generally had a problem with stress management, late
allowance, registration, academic loading, library, time, class, subject,
and teacher.Being a scholar at a university does not imply leaving a
regular or comfortable existence based on the outcomes. Because of
academic success, the benefits they enjoy do not guarantee that they are
immune from personal difficulties.Universities should look more deeply
into the lives of researchers and offer assistance if this is necessary.
Mbewe, E. G., (2019).This research was conducted at the University
of Zambia, and It had a two-fold focus: to create academic challenges.
Staff members for the publication of their work in academic journals;
and to illuminate the variables that can improve the production of
publications academy members in Zambia. There were interviews
conducted 33 senior lecturers and deans from seven schools. Data was
qualitatively analyzed using emerging themes from the answers of the
participants. The results indicate that lecturers at the University of
Zambia were interested in both basic science and action studies, but the
production of publications was limited.Lack of research funding,
overreliance on Western scholars with their own research interests, lack
of mentorship among young lecturers, lack of exposure of internally
58
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
produced papers to be used as references while writing, which were
mostly hard copies, were among the challenges found, and processing
time was longer than anticipated for some journals.
Xia, J. et al (2017) presented a paper on predatory journal publishing in
Asia. In recent decades, the circulation of open access journals has
undergone rapid development and dramatically reshaped the field of
academic communication. Unprofessional activities like so-called
predatory publishing have been uncovered in the evolving environment.
. Predatory journals are charging article processing fees to authors but
not provided publishing services (Berger and Cirasella, 2015). It finds
that by misrepresenting editorial information, promising a wide
coverage of scholarly subjects, and levying charges for publications
while ignoring peer review, the predatory journals have primarily tried
to benefit from the open access model to scam people. It is our hope to
use the results to support scholars in the fight against unprofessional
behavior.
Frandsen, T. F.(2017) Presented a paper on predatory journal
publishing. Warnings are abundant about writing in predatory
publications and so are the recommended solutions to the issue. Both of
the latest research confirms that the authors of papers published in
possible predatory journals are usually young and inexperienced. In
terms of articles and citations, to the degree we may deem the topic
trivial is determined by the influence they have on academic
correspondence. This paper analyzes possible predatory journals as well
as potential journals with low scientific criteria. In Scopus, citations to
124 possible predatory journals and journals with low scientific ethics
are reviewed and the quoting authors assessed in terms of geographical
location, publications and citations. The observations suggest that the
attributes of the citing author do not resemble those of the publishing
author.
Problems with writing in English
Chien, S. C. (2019).The present paper examines the attitudes,
challenges, and methods of Taiwanese researchers seeking to be
published in English in the area of English teaching. This discipline
poses an important case for publication, as it is widely anticipated that
this community of researchers in Taiwan will use English as a written
tool for research.They appreciated the importance of English
publications and were keen to spread their innovations through the use
59
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
of English as the medium.The majority of researchers indicated that
they had difficulties with writing. They would not be stuck in them,
though, if they were well-planned. Researchers were optimistic in their
research subject, except for language usage.People will want to learn
more about it because of the rapid growth of Greater China. In the
English publication, they have listed various methods to solve problems.
This study's consequences are explored and concluded with possible
solutions.
Luo, N.et al (2016).A main feature of Chinese researchers writing for
publication in English is explored in this paper. Academics in China are
increasingly expected to publish their studies to advance their careers in
prestigious foreign journals, and are looking to local English teacher for
assistance. Chinese English teachers are playing major role in turning
the huge number of Chinese papers into publishable research paper
papers. However, this partnership is compounded by the lack of
institutional support for this type of language mediation and the
uncertainty that this work will receive an adequate reward. This paper
examines the types of collaboration and difficulties experienced at some
Chinese universities between local English teachers and scientists.
Utami, S. (2018). The first part of the thesis that has an important
function is the introduction section, which summarizes the background
details about the title. The ability to compose a simple and succinct
introductory portion of a study is an important skill for writers, so
scholars need to be informed of linguistic abilities and writing aspects.
Past written literature reviews have found that while several studies
have been written on grammatical mistakes and written errors,
relatively little research has been conducted on grammatical issues in
writing the introduction portion of the thesis. This analysis was a
qualitative analytical study aimed at examining grammatical problems
contained in the introduction portion of the thesis written by English
literature students at STIBA. In this research, students’ thesis was used
as data source. Using coding boards, the data was obtained. The results
of this research revealed that incorrect verbs that were governed by
tense uncertainty and lack of subject and verb alignment were the most
common grammatical problems contained in the introduction portion of
the thesis.
Challob, A. A. I et al (2016).This research explored the impact of a
shared mixed learning writing environment on the written
apprehension and writing success of students as viewed by a selective
60
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
group of EFL students enrolled in one of Malaysia's international
schools. Using semi-structured interviews, learning diaries and
observation, a qualitative case study approach was used. A 13-week
research picked 12 male students participating in Class Ten to
participate. The students followed the methods of the mixed learning
writing process to learn how to collaboratively compose. Students were
separated into three groups and were granted the right to select the
community members for which they would like to collaborate. Via the
class blog and online Viber chat, they went through the writing process
in face-to-face and online learning modes. The extracted data was
qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis. The results revealed that
the learners had good impressions of the interactive blended learning
writing experience they had witnessed. They find that interactive mixed
learning experiences helped them minimise their fear about writing and
boost their writing output while they studied and learned a great deal of
awareness about the micro and macro facets of writing. Students have
noticed that their online conversation and cooperation on writing in
Viber organisations and the class blog supported them tremendously in
their writing assignment.
Problems while writing research paper
Carpenter, S. (2018). There are various scientific, methodological,
and statistical competencies involved in scale growth. Despite the
important role that scales play in our forecasts, researchers frequently
apply procedures for measurement construction that are inconsistent
with best practises. Improper practises can result from deficiencies in
statistical systems, insufficient preparation, and multiple assessment
points.On the basis of a comparative study of the quality of
communication journal articles, scholars have improved very little in
communicating their decisions and practises on scale growth. This
article breaks down and proposes 10 steps to take in the scale
production process for researchers unfamiliar with the process in order
to resolve these recurrent problems.In addition, the current study
provides a unique contribution by detailing methods that scholars can
use to establish their measurements and corresponding objects. The
main aim is to promote the implementation of best practises in scale
growth that create better ideas and a more robust knowledge base in
the long run.
61
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
Paul, J., (2020). A literature review paper offers a detailed overview
of a theme or theory or method-related literature and synthesises prior
research to reinforce the knowledge base. Systematic literature reviews
have considerable importance in the increasing research field of
International Business, but there are not many reviews published
describing how scholars can plan and produce classical review papers.
We include guidance for creating the most informative and valuable
review papers to clarify the intent, process, and framework of a
systematic review. We provide an outline of various forms of review
papers by outlining measures and thumb rules to bear in mind and
explain how prospective scholars might possibly find them useful.
Furthermore, we present nine papers finally chosen for this special issue
of systematic literature review-Looking ahead in the coming days to
look forward to International Market studies.
Azizah, U. A.et al (2018).The aim of this research is to look at the
problems and obstacles that university students encounter while
writing an English scholarly article for an international journal, as well
as to learn more about their experiences on the value of writing for
publication. Furthermore, it investigates unique criteria to complement
their talents throughout the article-writing process. Twenty students
from one of Indonesia's universities are involved in the case study. It
utilises a 24-item questionnaire to ascertain the students' problems and
impressions on topics relating to writing for scholarly publication in
English. According to the results of this report, the most challenging part
of writing the paper was claiming information. Students, on the other
hand, accept that writing for international publication is a vital action in
the academic field, and that they would require university funding to
prepare their writing. Finally, some ideas for students who are having
trouble writing for foreign publication are given.
Salager-Meyer, F. (2014).The author begin this opinion piece by
distinguishing between the two types of scientific journals called
mainstream or center journals and peripheral or small journals. Then
the author looks at the reason for using multilingual peripheral
academics prefer to report their research findings in English-medium
journals and often choose to publish them in national language journals.
Because of the current highly competitive journal publishing
environment, the author proposes a few steps that could be taken to
help multilingual peripheral researchers gain more clout as global
partners in science.
62
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
Statement of the Problem
Research problems are very important in order to conduct
research.Finding a good research problem and stating it in a clear
statement of research problem will take a long time. In this study the
statement of problem is that the researchers and technical teachers of
university find English as one of the difficult part when it comes to
academic research.
Research Objectives
The primary aim of this study is to recognise the obstacles that
researchers and technical teachers face while writing research papers in
the English language.
Significance of the study
This study help us to understand what are the difficulties faced by
research scholars and technical teachers working in university with
reference to English language and we will suggest the authorities to take
necessary step to help them get rid of this problem will fluency accuracy.
Limitations of the study
This study limited to teachers working in technical institution and
the research scholar undergoing PhD degree.
Research Methodology
Research Method
Diefenbach, D et al. (2018).The research methodology used is
survey method. The survey method is a data collection technique that
involves asking questions of people who are believed to have the
desired knowledge. Formal lists of questionnaire were prepared to
collect the data. Generally a non disguised approach is used. The
respondents are quizzed on their demographic interest preferences.
Make quantitative analysis on the collected data from the survey to find
the result.
Population of the sample
Al-Khawaldeh N et al. (2016). The population of this study consisted
of male and female technical teachers from the department of
Embedded Technology, Commerce and Social Science in the school of
SENSE and SSL at the VIT University. I have sent my request in order to
63
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
collect data from 78 samples about the problems they faced when
communicating (reading, writing, speaking and listening) in English.
Data Collection
Martínez, I. M. P. (2020).The method of gathering, measuring, and
evaluating accurate insights for analysis using standard validated
techniques is referred to as data collection. To collect data i made a
questionnaire with these kinds of questions.
 I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
 I commit mistakes in using tenses
 I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
 I struggle to use apt preposition
 I make errors in punctuations
 Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
 Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
 Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
 I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
 I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
 While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
 Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I read
or what I did
 I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
 I get confused with American and British spellings
 I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
 I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
These are the options which I have given for each question Strongly
Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree then I have added
this questionnaire in Google Form and through Google Form I have sent
the information to the samples and collected the data.
Data Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis is a method for understanding behavior that
involves mathematical and statistical modeling, calculation, and
research. Quantitative analysts quantify a situation by assigning a
numerical value to it.Analysts may use quantitative analysis to assess
64
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
and interpret past, present, and predicted future events.
Quantification can be applied to any topic that involves numbers;
as a result, Quantitative Analysis is used in a variety of areas,
including analytical chemistry, financial research, social science,
and organized sports.Statistical analysis allows us to extract
valuable information from research results, such as preference
patterns, group differences, and demographics. We may use
statistical tests to make conclusions about the data since it is in
numeric form.
Summary of Analysis
Fig 1
Fig 2
Fig 1 shows that 35% and 5% were responded “Agree and
Strongly Agree” for the statement. Here a 20% were having neural
options. However 15% and 25% of the respondent disagree that
they struggled to use appropriate verbs while writing. Fig 2 shows
that 35% of Technical Teachers and Research student agree that
they commit mistakes in using tenses. 5% strongly agree this
field.15% and 10% of people Strongly Disagree and Disagree the
statement. 35% responded neural option. Here agreement
outweighs disagreement.
65
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
Fig 3
Fig 4
Fig 3 shows that 25% and 5% were respondent “Agree and Strongly
Agree”. Here 30% of respondent were having neural options. However
30% and 10% of the respondent disagree that they have face some
difficulty in using correct Conjunction. Fig 4 shows that 35% of
Technical Teachers and Research student agree that they struggled to
use appropriate preposition. Here 25% of respondent were having
neural options. 5% strongly agree this field. 25% and 10% of people
Strongly Disagree and Disagree the statement. Here agreement
outweighs disagreement.
Fig 5
Fig 6
Fig 5 shows that 35% and 5% were respondent “Agree and Strongly
Agree” that they would make some errors in using punctuations. Here
15% of respondent were having neural options. However 30% and 15%
of the respondent disagreed the statement. Fig 6 shows that 50% of
Technical Teachers and Research student strongly disagree that they
66
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
commit some errors in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters. Here 25%
of respondent were having neural options. 5% agree this field. 20% of
people were disagreeing the statement. Here disagreement outweighs
agreement.
Fig 7
Fig 8
Fig 7 shows that 40% and 5% were respondent “Agree and Strongly
Agree” that use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for them. Here
15% of respondent were having neural options. However 30% and 10%
of the respondent disagreed the statement. Fig 8 shows that 30% of
Technical Teachers and Research student gave response as disagree for
the statement Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular and Plural
forms. Here 30% of respondent were having neural options. 20% agree
this field. 20% of people were strongly disagree the statement. Here
disagreement outweighs agreement.
Fig 9
Fig 10
Fig 9 shows that 20% and 15% were respondent “Agree and
Strongly Agree” that they would make errors while constructing a
67
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
lengthy sentence. Here 30% of respondent were having neural options.
However 25% and 10% of the respondent disagree the statement. Fig 10
shows that 25% of Technical Teachers and Research student gave
response as strongly disagree for the statement of I am confused with
the use of active and passive voices. Here 20% of respondent were
having neural options. 25% agree this field and 15% strongly agree this
field 15% of people were disagree the statement.
Fig 11
Fig 12
Fig 11 shows that 15% were respondent Agree for the statement of
while writing; I have difficulty to express what I know. Here 25% of
respondent were having neural options. However 60% of the
respondent disagree and strongly disagree the statement. Here
disagreement outweighs agreement. Fig 12 shows that 25% of Technical
Teachers and Research student gave response as strongly disagree for
the statement of Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I
express what I read or what I did. Here 20% of respondent were having
neural options. 25% agree this field and 5% strongly agree this field and
25% of people were disagree the statement
68
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
Fig 13
Fig 14
Fig 13 shows that 50% were respondent strongly disagree for the
statement of I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing. However 35%
of the respondent disagree the statement. Here 15% of respondent were
having neural options. Here disagreement outweighs agreement. Fig 14
shows that 25% of Technical Teachers and Research student gave
response as disagree for the statement of I get confused with American
and British spellings. Here 35% of respondent were having neural
options. 10% agree this field and 20% strongly agree this field and 25%
of people were disagree the statement.
Fig 15
Fig 16
Fig 15 shows that 60% were respondent disagree for the statement
of I use the same words and phrases repeatedly. However 20% of the
respondents agree the statement and 10% of the respondents strongly
agree the statement. Here 10% of respondent were having neural
options. Here disagreement outweighs agreement. Fig 16 shows that
25% of Technical Teachers and Research student gave response as
69
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
disagree for the statement I notice translation from my mother tongue
in my writing. Here 25% of respondent were having neural options.
30% agree this field and 20% of people were strongly disagree the
statement.
Recommendation
A few relevant recommendations are made in light of the study.
Researchers who are interested in conducting exploratory and
longitudinal studies to better understand the essence of research
scholar’s issues faced during research paper writing and the efficacy of
approaches designed to resolve those problems are encouraged to do so.
Conclusion
Researchers' views on research publishing were explored in this
report. The findings revealed that these researchers had faced many
difficulties in writing their reports for publication.Researchers are
encouraged to develop their language use in academic writing, as
language use was identified as the primary problem and limitation in
academic writing by these researchers. The study suggested that
universities and research institutions offer seminars or courses on a
regular basis to help researchers improve their scholarly writing skills
and expand their participation opportunities.
Reference
1. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and problems
faced by students in
the early stage of writing research projects
in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Special
Education Research.
2. Ojala, M., Reynolds, R., & Johnson, K. G. (2020). Predatory journal
challenges and responses. The serials librarian, 78(1-4), 98-103.
3. Guimba, W. D., Alico, J. C., & Taib, A. B. (2015). Problems Experienced
by College Student
Scholars. International Journal of Innovation
and Research in Educational Sciences. Publisher: Timeline
Publication Pvt. Ltd,.ISSN, 2349-5219.
4. Mbewe, E. G., Hambulo, A., Mumba, D., Kasonde-Ngandu, S., &
Mwanza-Kabaghe, S.
(2019). Publish or Perish: Challenges faced
by Academicians in Research Publications at the University of
Zambia. Multidisciplinary Journal of Language and Social Sciences
70
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
Education (2664-083X, Online ISSN: Print ISSN: 2616-4736), 2(2),
211-228.
5. Xia, J., Li, Y., & Situ, P. (2017). An overview of predatory journal
publishing in Asia. Journal of East Asian Libraries, 2017(165), 4.
6. Frandsen, T. F. (2017). Are predatory journals undermining the
credibility of science? A
bibliometric analysis of
citers. Scientometrics, 113(3), 1513-1528.
7. Chien, S. C. (2019). Writing for scholarly publication in English for
Taiwanese researchers in the field of English teaching. SAGE
Open, 9(3), 2158244019870187.
8. Luo, N., & Hyland, K. (2016). Chinese academics writing for
publication: English teachers as text mediators. Journal of Second
Language Writing, 33, 43-55.
9. Utami, S. (2018). Grammatical Problems In Introduction Section Of
Thesis Written By English Literature Students. Jurnal Kata:
PenelitiantentangIlmu Bahasa dan Sastra, 2(1), 107-117.
10. Challob, A. A. I., Bakar, N. A., & Latif, H. (2016). Collaborative Blended
Learning Writing Environment: Effects on EFL Students' Writing
Apprehension and Writing Performance. English Language
Teaching, 9(6), 229-241.
11. Carpenter, S. (2018). Ten steps in scale development and reporting:
A
guide
for
researchers. Communication
Methods
and
Measures, 12(1), 25-44.
12. Paul, J., & Criado, A. R. (2020). The art of writing literature review:
What do we know and what do we need to know?. International
Business Review, 29(4), 101717.
13. Azizah, U. A., & Budiman, A. (2018). Challenges in writing academic
papers for international publication among Indonesian graduates
students. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics
Studies), 4(2), 175-198.
14. Salager-Meyer, F. (2014). Writing and publishing in peripheral
scholarly journals: How to enhance the global influence of
multilingual scholars?. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 13,
78-82.
15. Rao, V. C. S. The Use of English Language in Research.
16. Langum, V., & Sullivan, K. P. (2017).Writing academic English as a
doctoral student in Sweden: Narrative perspectives. Journal of
Second Language Writing, 35, 20-25.
71
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.4
17. Ngangbam, H. (2016). An analysis of syntactic errors committed by
students of English language class in the written composition of
Mutah University: A case study. European Journal of English
Language, Linguistics and Literature, 3(1), 1-13.
18. Alfaki, I. M. (2015). UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ENGLISH WRITING
PROBLEMS: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY.
19. Ahmadi, D., & Reza, M. (2018). The use of technology in English
language learning: A literature review. International Journal of
Research in English Education, 3(2), 115-125.
20. Ramírez-Castañeda, V. (2020). Disadvantages of writing, reading,
publishing and presenting scientific papers caused by the
dominance of the English language in science: The case of Colombian
Ph. D. in biological sciences. bioRxiv.
21. Yateendra Joshi (2014) Can poor English affect the publication and
impact of research? https://doi.org/10.34193/EI-A-6312 Published
on: Mar 17, 2014
22. Diefenbach, D., Lopez, V., Singh, K., &Maret, P. (2018). Core
techniques of question answering systems over knowledge bases: a
survey. Knowledge and Information systems, 55(3), 529-569.
23. Al-Khawaldeh, N., Bani-Khair, B., & Al-Edwan, Y. (2016). The Impact
of Poor English Language Proficiency on Professional Development
of Professors at Jordanian Universities. Arab World English Journal
(AWEJ), 7(3), 134-145.
24. Martínez, I. M. P. (2020). Methods of data collection in English
empirical linguistics research: Results of a recent survey. Language
Sciences, 78, 101263.
72
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
CHAPTER -5
A case study on the need of English language proficiency in
academic research
ATHIRA P SHAJI
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
athirashaji.p@vit.ac.in
INTRODUCTION
Wale, B. D., et.al. (2021) English language is very important
throughout the universe. It is important because it will improve
student’s self-efficiency for writing and also it will improve their
motivation to write. The importance of English is that it makes
successful paper publications in reputed international journals which
improves the profile of individual researcher and academic institutions
[1]. Rao, V. C. S. (2018) For expressing ideas, opinions, hypothesis
English language command is necessary. English is a skill-oriented
language this is necessary to communication or to express one’s ideas.
For publishing our journals in a high impact journals English language
command is necessary [2]. Also, English has been accepted by many
international scholarly journals and conferences. Nuruzzaman, M et.al.
(2018) Findings reveal that common errors the Saudi EFL students
made is the various levels of grammatical mistakes, vocabulary and
pronunciation. A grammar willgive the English language in wellstructured way. Vocabulary is the material of language using the
grammar. Hence, grammar is more important in writing English
dissertations [3].Ab Manan, N. A. (2016) For improving ESL learners
academic writing experience academic formula instruction is very
important. For acquiring academic formulas there is no significance
difference between male and female both are consistent.There are
several advantages of good English language while writing research
papers. For getting a good academic quality papers English language is
necessary. It increases rate of getting publishes. [4].Weissberg, B.
(2000). In EAP writing development formulaic sequences are widely
used. Other advantages are researchers can convey clearly arguments,
73
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
insights, Comprehension of the ideas, results, datasets description,
literature survey, methods and results to the paper. It captures attention
to readers when papers well-written. Excellence of English while writing
papers are more carefully formulated, organized than poor written
research papers [5]. It makes free of plagiarism. Flowerdew, J. (2019).
Non-native speakers usually facing the difficulty while using English for
academic purposes. EAL writers need more time, money, effort in
formally learning language. Common errors committed by researchers
with poor English writing skills: punctuations, errors in compositions of
prepositions, error capitalization, lack of expression, it takes long time
for writing [6]Habibi, A., et.al. (2019) In this study it focuses on various
barriers faced by PhD students from Malaysian universities. A quality
publication is necessary for PhD students. For this good language
command is necessary. Relevant literatures faced difficulty in publishing
in top scholarly journals.Peoples need commitment for doing their work
[7].
LITERARY SURVEY
Phothongsunan, S. (2016) his study investigates various issues found
while writing scholarly publications in English language in Thai
university and also various steps to overcome that issues. They
classified their studies as follows i) Need of writing articles in English
language ii) Difficulties faced during writing iii) Need for research
support. For better journal publication they are suggesting that students
and scholars need better encouragement and support. This will improve
their professional quality and research culture. Also, university
reputation will also improve.
Mohammad, A. A et.al (2017) Main aim of their paper is to identify
various challenges faced by academic researchers while publishing an
article in tourism and hospitality management. Other issues faced by
researchers are number of studies produced annually. Academic
researchers in tourism and hospitality management generally publish
their papers locally. There were very few papers are publishing in
international journals due to long time and high costs associated with
them. Some practices should be taken care is that proper platforms
should be taken for publishing. This can be achieved only through
proper guidance from qualifying researchers and by setting advisory
boards to assist researchers.
74
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
Azizah, U. A et.al (2018) The main aim of their study is to identify
problems and challenges of scholars in writing English articles for an
international journal. Findings indicate that knowledge acquiring is the
main aspect for writing articles. From the investigation it could
understood that international level publication is little bit difficult and
its crucial for their academics. So they need university support for
writing their articles. This study also proposes some suggestions for
writing articles also.
Hyland, K. (2016) his paper discusses issues found during
submissions in academic publishing such as questions against authors
mother tongue and communicative inequality. Native English speakers
are very familiar in speaking English and they can write their articles
well in natural way but second language users may suffer while
expressing their articles so that many journals may reject their articles.
In this paper authors are critically examining the linguistic injustice or
editorial prejudice. Publication rates among various authors are getting
lagged not only because of quality in submission but also due to
intensity of competition among various submissions.
Kumwenda, S et.al. (2017) Their study investigates challenges faced
by young researchers in Africa. Africans normally develop their research
interest in various ways. Normal way is through classroom learning and
for achieving their qualifications. Main challenges include lack of funds
for doing their research, lack of mentoring, poor writing skills etc. Due to
these factors most of the publications are getting rejected. Solutions are
also suggested, such as regular grants should provide also better
mentoring is needed and they should get encouraged.
Mbewe, E. G et.al. (2019) This study is undertaken by university of
Zambia for identifying various challenges faced by academic members
during their publication. They considered both basic and action research
but their overall publication output was low. Main challenges faced
include poor mentorship, lack of funds etc. They recommend to improve
the funding and need to manage the available resources then only
possible to publish in a high impact journal. By publishing articles in
journals annually university of Zambia rankings will get improve.
KARAKAŞ, A et.al (2017) This research paper mainly focused to find
out various issues faced by Pre-service English language teachers at
MehmatAkifErsoy University while writing their research papers. From
the findings it could be understood that, the main issue faced by
teachers are lack of experience, thinking skills, referencing skills and
75
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
also, they are not self-confident in writing their own research papers. To
solve all these issues, they are suggesting that teachers should provide
students a chance to write during their writing courses. Starting from a
small sentence they could form a thesis. For finding students’ progress
teachers can mark remarks also.
Azizah, U. A et.al (2018) This article mainly discussed about various
problems faced by Indonesian students while writing their scholarly
articles in English. They also discussed about the importance of writing
their articles in international journals. Various questionnaire was
conducted for obtaining the results. From the analysis it could be
understood that lack of knowledge in respective subject is the main
issue found in writing the article. Also, students claims that university
support is necessary for writing their articles. Based on the analysis
some suggestions are also discussed in this paper.
Qasem, F. A. A et.al (2019) In this paper authors discussed about
issues faced by students in Saudi Arabia in writing their papers. From
the analysis they could understood that the main issue faced by students
are writing their papers in English language. Also they are facing issues
such as lack of knowledge in methodology, research proposals and
difficulty in selecting their papers etc. For this they conducted various
questionnaire and interviews. The study also proposes some
suggestions for this issue.
Tiwari, H. P. (2019) This paper discusses about various issues faced
by students under English in Tribhuvan university. Various interviews
were conducted for obtaining the results. While writing their thesis
students faced problems such as they are not getting supports from
their supervisors and also students are facing difficulties in choosing
their research papers. Supervisors are not playing a better role during
their thesis writing time. Also, students are not able to write their
proposals well due to their language problems. Solutions suggests that
supervisors should encourage students in writing their thesis well also
need to support them.
Matin, M. A., et.al (2017) This paper discusses about the problems
faced by researchers and supervisors during their research works. General problems faced by students include lack of knowledge, time,
experience and over workload etc. Also, improper guidance from
supervisors, lack of institute level resources, research cells, lack of thesis
writing formats etc. are the problems faced by students from institutes.
Also, various recommendations are also provided for solving these
76
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
issues such as funding should be provided for students for doing their
works, more facilities should be provided, regular workshops should be
conducted for students.
Guimba, W. D et.al (2015) Their study investigates the problems
faced by students and scholars in Philippines. The main issues faced
were stress management, pressure, academic loading, time etc. Along
with these various personal problems are also faced by them such as life
issues, physical conditions, home sickness etc. Various incentives
available from universities does not ensure that students are free from
their personal challenges. So universities should be take care of various
issues faced by scholars personally and should provide assistance to
face that issues.
Kumwenda, S. (2017) Their study proposes various issues faced by
young researchers in Africa while conducting their researches. A survey
was conducted to carry out the research in the form of questionnaire.
From the survey it could understood that lack of funding, mentorship,
writing and reading skills etc. are the problems faced by them. Grants
should be provided for Young researchers. For improving these skills
various mentorship programmes should be conducted.
Manchishi, P. C et.al. (2015) This paper discusses common
challenges faced by students of university of Zambia. Face to face
interview were conducted and from the analysis they observed that
while choosing research paper proposals students made some common
mistakes such as lack of clarity in their topics, failure in stating their
research problems, failure in finding the research gaps etc. Students also
faced some problems such as improper guidance from supervisors, lack
of support from the guide, materials availability etc.
Problem Statement
The main focus of this paper is to find various difficulties faced by
the researchers while writing research papers. The English is the most
common used communication language over the globe. This paper
presents various problems of composing of English skills to write
research paper. There different problems are examined by this article
such as punctuations, errors in compositions of prepositions, error
capitalization, lack of expression, reduction of acceptance rate and
publication of the papers. Also, it demonstrates the various problems
are faced by the researchers in their part of writing paper such as
introduction, methodology, simulations, survey and discussion.
77
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
Research Design
Research Objectives
The main aim of this article:
 To understand how to Use English effectively for writing research
articles
 To investigate the various difficulties faced by researchers.
 To identify the various problems while choosing journals for
publications
 To identify various issues in different stages of papers writing.
 To understand how to choose reputed journals for paper publications.
Significance of the study
English language knowledge is very much important for writing
journal articles and for getting publish in a reputed scholarly article.
Normally research article writing is a challenging activity that requires
good sound of knowledge, planning and hard work. In the current
emphasis the English is a tool to write -publish papers in PhD level. The
proposed paper identifies key skills to write research articles by the
research scholars and the main focus is to develop good article for the
research community.
Limitations of the study
The proposed paper considered only technical teachers and PhD
scholars from technical instruction. This study can be extended to
carried out to investigate for getting more data.That is more data
collection is needed to carry out.
78
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
Research Methodology
A quasi-experimental approach was adopted for two groups of this
design [8]. For this study PhD scholars who enrolled for English for
Researchers Course are involved. The English instructor granted
permission to research scholars to distribute the sample questions using
Google form to the technical teachers. This adopted method has been
used to conduct the questionnaire to technical teachers in technical
institution. This approach developed 16 queries related to various
difficulties faced by teachers in their academic life. The data sample
were collected from 20 teachers and simulations are generated. In the
learning process scholars enabled to make observations, collecting
samples, propose answers and questions. The result analysis exhibits
using various statistical functions such mean, average and standard
deviation.
Population of the sample
The main objective of the sampling was to collect responses from
around 28 research scholars. Different responses obtained from the
google form. It includes 5 categories of responses strongly agree, agree,
strongly disagree, disagree and neutral. Sampling plan helped to obtain
both positive and negative responses from different categories of
people. In the corresponding sampling method, I have sent 16 questions
through google form and collected the data.
Questionnaire
The questionnaire is prepared by taking all the possible questions
related to English language and aiming to identify the optimum feedback
from various faculties and research scholars with reference to their
difficulty in handling English for research works. Around 16 questions
sended to faculties and scholars of various departments for
understanding their difficulty in handling English language. From the
obtained results a graph is constructed. Obtained results shows that
most of the faculties and research scholars faces difficulty in handling
English language for their works.
79
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
Data Collection
Van Rijnsoever, F. J., et.al. (2020) The data collection is done by
making 16 questions related to problems faced by researchers and
teachers during their paper writing. Every questions categorized as
Agree, Strongly agree, disagree, Strongly disagree and neutral. After
creation of the questionnaire data, the data has sent through google
form to the faculty,she then sended that form to her research scholars.
The respondents had 2 weeks to complete the response questionnaire
and those responses percentage shown in the following Table 1.
The following Questionnaires are used for the proposed system.
Questionnaires are:
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
4. I struggle to use apt preposition
5. I make errors in punctuations
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
80
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
11. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
13. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
14. I get confused with American and British spellings
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
Quantitative analysis
Quantitative data is usually collected for statistical analysis. These
kinds of data normally expressed as numerical data. It makes
generalizations from a larger population. Quantitative analysis mainly
focused on numeric and unchanging data. Quantitative analysis results
mainly focused on population of data collection. This type of research
method involves the use of statistical, mathematical tools to derive
results. Furthermore, the researcher adopts the inquiry methods on
confirm alignment with statistical data collection methodology (Lia,
2018). Many other methods are available for quantitative data
collection, those are probability sampling, interviews, questionnaire etc.
Normally the approach starts with a problem statement and it leads to
the formulation of a hypothesis, literature survey, quantitative data
analysis. The main three approaches of quantitative analysis are
descriptive, experimental and casual comparative.
Fig.2
Quantitative data collection analytic results are normally displayed
by using graphs and charts. In this method, thorough study of research
problems is necessary to control and address the accumulation of data
or facts (Babbie,Earl R, 2010). For obtaining precise results qualitative
data collection is used. But it will not give integrity and
authenticity. Summarily, the goal in quantitative research is to
81
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
understand the relationship between an independent and dependent
variable in a population. Any method can be used for quantitative data
collection, but the condition is that collected data should give actionable
insights.
Data Analysis
Fig-3 I commit mistakes in using tenses
Fig: 2 I struggle to use appropriate
verbs while writing
The bar chart illustrates number of researchers who struggle to use
appropriate verbs during writing. From this it could be understood that
out of 20 research scholars gave responses. Around 50% scholars
struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing and 12.5% scholars
disagree with that statement also 12.5% scholars strongly disagree.Fig.3
shows 62.5% of respondents are not finding mistakes while using
tenses. Among these 20 scholars 15% disagree, 10% Strongly disagree
that they commit mistakes in using tenses.
Fig:4 I have difficulty in using correct
Conjunction
Fig: 5 I struggle to use appropriate
preposition
82
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
Fig.4 shows 50% respondents are not having difficulty while writing
correct conjunction. Among these 20 scholars gave responses are 25%
Agree,30% Neutral, 40% Disagree and 10% Strongly disagree.The Fig.5
shows 60% of respondents don't find difficult while writing apt
preposition. Among these 20 teachers gave responses are 25%
Agree,35% Neutral, 45% Disagree.
Fig-6 I make errors punctuations
Fig-7 Some of my errors are in the
use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
The Fig.6 shows 70% of respondents are not finding any errors
while using punctuations. Among these 20 scholars gave responses are
35% Agree,25% Neutral, 35% Disagree.The Fig.7 shows most of the
respondents are finding difficult while using CAPITAL and SMALL
letters. Among these 20 scholars gave responses are 15% Agree,20%
Neutral, 25% Disagree,40% Strongly disagree.
Fig 7 Use of suitable vocabulary is a
big challenge for me
Fig.8 Sometimes I notice errors in
the use of Singular & Plural forms
83
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
The Fig.7 shows most of the respondents are not finding any difficult
while using suitable vocabulary words. Among these 20 scholars gave
responses are 30% Agree,35% Neutral, 35% Disagree.The Fig.8 shows
70% of respondents are not finding any difficult while using Singular
and Plural forms. Among these 20 scholars gave responses are 15%
Agree,30% Neutral, 35% Disagree,20% Strongly disagree.
Fig.9 I make errors while constructing
a lengthy sentence
Fig.10 I am confused with the use of
active and passive voices while writing
The Fig.9 shows 70% of respondents are not finding any difficult
while using Singular and Plural forms. Among these 20 teachers gave
responses are 20% Agree,45% Neutral, 25% Disagree,10% Strongly
disagree. The Fig.10 shows 90% of respondents are saying neutral for
usage of active and passive voices. Among these 20 scholars gave
responses are 20% Agree,45% Neutral, 25% Disagree,10% Strongly
disagree.
Fig.11 I have difficulty to express what I
know
Fig.12 Sentence constructions is a big trial for
me while I express what I read or what I did
The Fig.11 shows 90% of respondents are saying neutral for usage
of active and passive voices. Among these 20 scholars gave responses
are 20% Agree,45% Neutral, 30% Disagree, 10% Strongly disagree.The
84
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
Fig.12 shows the respondents are not finding difficult while expressing
sentence construction on what I read or what I did. Among these 20
scholars gave responses are 20% Agree,25% Neutral, 55% Disagree.
Fig.14 I get confused eith American and
British spellings
Fig.13 I notice lot of spelling errors in my
writing
The Fig.13 shows most of the respondents are disagreed while
noticing lot of spelling errors in writing. Moreover,20 teachers gave
responses are10% strongly agree,10% agree, 15% Neutral, 30%
Disagree and 35% Strongly disagree. The Fig.14 shows most of the
respondents are agreed while get confused with American and British
spellings. Moreover,20 teachers gave responses are 25% Agree,25%
Neutral, 35% Disagree, 10% Strongly disagree.
Fig.15 I use the same words and phrases
repeatedly
Fig.16 I notice translation from any
mother tongue in my writing
The Fig.15 shows most of the respondents are not finding difficult
while usage of same words and phrases repeatedly. Moreover,20
scholars gave responses are 25% Agree,25% Neutral, 35% Disagree,
85
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
10% Strongly disagree.From the Fig.16 shows most of the respondents
are disagreed with translation of mother tongue while writing.
Moreover,20 scholars gave responses are 15% Agree,35% Neutral, 40%
Disagree, 10% Strongly disagree.
Reccomendation
Researchers should update their knowledge in the same field time
to time. They should be aware of whatever happended in the field.
Literature survey should be more clear to get a better results. Extensive
study related to the topic is necessary for better understading. Gap
analysis is necessary for exploring the future works in the
corresponding area. Discuss the issues and problems in your field with
your guide to generate better ideas. Articulating our ideas and
discussing it with anyone else will helps to identify mistakes that we
already identified. Clarity,simplicity and accuracy are the essential facts
for writing a research article. Communicate your work in a clear and
precise manner. If you are extending the current works it is necessary to
provide clear evidences and sufficient supporting arguments for the
current work.
Conclusion
English is predominantly considered for academic and scientific
article writings. It is a global language. Various studies reveals that most
of the students and faculties faces difficulties in writing scholarly
publications in English language. Various questionnaire was conducted
to get an idea regarding the difficulties faced by researchers in using
English for their article writings. Other issues faced by researchers are
lack of knowledge, lack of proper support from their supervisors, Lack of
resources from universities etc. Solutions are also suggested such as,
proper guidance and support from guide is necessary for obtaining a
best work and also proper funding from university is essential. The
importance of English in writing research papers is that it makes
successful paper publications in reputed international journals which
improves the profile of individual researcher and academic institutions.
There are various advantages of good English language while writing
research papers: it makes good quality paper. It increases rate of getting
86
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
publishes. The rate of acceptance the paper will be high in reputed
impact factor journals like IEEE, Elsevier, springer etc.
References:
1. Wale, B. D., & Bogale, Y. N. (2021). Using inquiry-based writing
instruction to develop students’ academic writing skills. AsianPacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 6(1), 116.
2. Rao, V. C. S. (2018). The Use of English Language in Research.
Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language
Teaching, 8(2), 1-8.
3. Nuruzzaman, M., Islam, A. S., & Shuchi, I. J. (2018). An analysis of
errors committed by Saudi non-English major students in the
English paragraph writing: A study of comparisons. Advances in
language and literary studies, 9(1), 31-39.
4. Ab Manan, N. A. (2016). Formula instruction in English language
writing: learnability, teachability and learner variables. Journal of
Creative Practices in Language Learning and Teaching (CPLT), 4(1),
1-14.
5. Weissberg, B. (2000). Developmental relationships in the acquisition
of
English
syntax:
Writing
vs.
speech. Learning
and
instruction, 10(1), 37-53.
6. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or reality. Language
Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
7. Habibi, A., Sofwan, M., Yaakob, M. F. M., &Mukminin, A. (2019).
Barriers to Publication: Stories of Ph. D. Students from Malaysian
Universities.
8. Phothongsunan, S. (2016). Thai university academics’ challenges of
writing for publication in English. Theory and Practice in Language
Studies, 6(4), 681-685.
9. Mohammad, A. A., Shehata, A. M., & Ammar, S. A. (2017). Challenges
to Academic Research and International publishing in the Discipline
87
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Egypt. Journal of
Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 14(2),
67-78.
10. Azizah, U. A., & Budiman, A. (2018). Challenges in writing academic
papers for international publication among Indonesian graduates’
students. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics
Studies), 4(2), 175-198.
11. Hyland, K. (2016). Academic publishing and the myth of linguistic
injustice. Journal of Second Language Writing, 31, 58-69.
12. Kumwenda, S., El Hadji, A. N., Orondo, P. W., William, P., Oyinlola, L.,
Bongo, G. N., &Chiwona, B. (2017). Challenges facing young African
scientists in their research careers: A qualitative exploratory
study. Malawi Medical Journal, 29(1), 1-4.
13. Mbewe, E. G., Hambulo, A., Mumba, D., Kasonde-Ngandu, S., &
Mwanza-Kabaghe, S. (2019). Publish or Perish: Challenges faced by
Academicians in Research Publications at the University of
Zambia. Multidisciplinary Journal of Language and Social Sciences
Education (2664-083X, Online ISSN: Print ISSN: 2616-4736), 2(2),
211-228.
14. KARAKAŞ, A., TOKSÖZ, S., & TOKSÖZ, İ. (2017). PROBLEMS FACED
BY PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN WRITING
RESEARCH
PAPERS1. BalıkesirÜniversitesiSosyalBilimlerEnstitüsüDergisi, 20(3
8), 561-588.
15. Azizah, U. A., & Budiman, A. (2018). Challenges in writing academic
papers for international publication among Indonesian graduates’
students. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics
Studies), 4(2), 175-198.
16. Qasem, F. A. A., &Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and problems
faced by students in the early stage of writing research projects in
L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Special
Education Research.
17. Tiwari, H. P. (2019). Writing Thesis in English Education: Challenges
Faced by Students. Journal of NELTA Gandaki, 1, 45-52.
88
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.5
18. Matin, M. A., & Khan, M. A. (2017). Common problems faced by
postgraduate
students
during
their
thesis
works
in
Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education, 8(1), 22-27.
19. Guimba, W. D., Alico, J. C., &Taib, A. B. (2015). Problems Experienced
by College Student Scholars. International Journal of Innovation and
Research in Educational Sciences. Publisher: Timeline Publication
Pvt. Ltd, ISSN, 2349-5219.
20. Kumwenda, S., El Hadji, A. N., Orondo, P. W., William, P., Oyinlola, L.,
Bongo, G. N., &Chiwona, B. (2017). Challenges facing young African
scientists in their research careers: A qualitative exploratory
study. Malawi Medical Journal, 29(1), 1-4.
21. Manchishi, P. C., Ndhlovu, D., & Mwanza, D. S. Proposal Writing by
University of Zambia Postgraduate Students.
89
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
CHAPTER -6
An immense analysis on problems faced by EFL people while
writing technical papers
DASARI SANDEEP
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
Sandeep.d2020@vit.ac.in
INTRODUCTION:
Publishing research work in journals has become a general practice
to every research scholar. Because English is the only language which
can be acceptable and understandable by many of the people globally.
This article explains the importance of practices in academic writing,
publication. Content Presentation skill in English is important. It is the
only way to share our views to the outer world. This is true that all the
developed nations are hiring technically qualified persons who are good
in English. In this case we can easily understand the impotence of
English.It is a well-known truth that knowledge in English in necessary
for scholarly publication. The current survey was done based on various
reviews collected by conducting a test that everyone needed to study a
text through this we can come to know how effectively we are read,
common mistakes that readers are doing. Current research work
describes the context style, writing style, domain knowledge, skill of a
reader is considered. It became necessary for everyone to have an idea
on English because of the following reasons: most of the information
available for knowledge available in this language, examinations,
information, instructions provided at various locations, to study abroad
one must be aware of English. It is the only language that can be
understood by most of the people. The survey gives a report on all the
aspects as discussed above.This paper gives the analysis report on
syntactic problems faced by most of the people in Utah University. This
analysis was done on 60 native Arabic speaking students. 15 categories
of errors were identified to find out the common syntactic error, which
type of errors are more frequently occurring, areas of weaknesses and
90
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
problems tend to occur in writing compositions. Results resembles the
performance problems committed in this study were because of mother
– tongue influence, wrong usage of sentence fragment, repeating words
too many times, having less grammatical knowledge, formation and
developmental errors.English has become a global language and the
most spoken and understandable language in the world, it is a
connection between people from other countries who would like to
communicate with each other. Moreover, English is widely accepted as
an official language. The researchers of various disciplines often use
various research methods and approaches for their studies. Some of
these researchers like to be known as qualitative researchers; others
like to be regarded as quantitative researchers. This study shows
advantages and disadvantages of applying qualitative and quantitative
research approaches and methods in language testing. We need to focus
on ethical. The investigation discovered a few qualities of utilizing
subjective strategies for language "evaluation and testing" research, for
example, inspiring further bits of knowledge into planning, regulating,
and deciphering appraisal and testing; and investigating test-takers'
conduct, insights, sentiments, and comprehension. A few shortcomings
are, for example, more modest example size and tedious. Quantitative
exploration techniques, and don't need generally a more extended time
for information assortment.Learning a new language is always helpful to
us at any point of time in our life. Studying a foreign language motivates
students to understand English grammar better and improves their
overall understanding and solving skills. Beyond the academic benefits,
knowledge of other languages facilitates travel, improves career
opportunities, and males one to learn more about various peoples and
traditions. Introducing languages from the earliest years in education
gives various benefits. Because in recent years the communication
between people has increased due to various reasons like increased
scope of study, bondage between various countries, advancement of
using the internet. As these trends continue in the coming days too, the
need for intercultural competence will be heightened. This paper
provides information about the benefits of new language
learning.Results Exploration in this work summarizes the difficulties
looked by non-local English scholars to have their examination articles
assumptions as far as etymological viewpoint. Also, non-local English
essayists appear to have the issue in communicating their authorial
personality which is expected to fabricate one's scholastic contentions.
91
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
Subsequently, this examination was led to 1) investigate whether
etymological drawbacks exist among local English essayists or Thai
authors in worldwide distribution, and 2) find how the local English and
Thai scholars declare their personalities through various expository
reasons for RAs. Eight college instructors in Applied Linguistics from a
couple of colleges in Thailand were met to comprehend their
perspectives on the issues of composing for insightful distribution in the
English language. The discoveries uncovered two striking arising
subjects: (1) the part of etymological drawback and (2) variety in
authorial character between local English and Thai essayists. The
investigation has tracked down that semantic inconvenience exists
among the Thai authors. The local English scholars communicated their
authorial personality unmistakably however the Thai journalists
conceded their authorial character. It is proposed that educators in
Thailand underline more on the information on etymological
perspective needed in global distribution and the viable utilization of
semantic acknowledgment of authorial character in scholastic
composition. We researched the outcomes of bilingualism for verbal
familiarity by contrasting bilinguals with monolinguals, and
predominant versus non-prevailing language familiarity. In Experiment
1, bilinguals created less right reactions, more slow first reaction times
and relatively postponed recovery, comparative with monolinguals. In
Experiment 2, comparative outcomes were gotten contrasting the
prevailing with the non-predominant dialects inside bilinguals.
Moreover, bilinguals delivered altogether lower-recurrence words and a
more noteworthy extent of related reactions than monolinguals, and
bilinguals created more cross-language interruption blunders when
communicating in the non-predominant language, yet practically no
such interruptions when talking the prevailing language. These
outcomes support a similarity among bilingualism and double
undertaking impacts inferring a job for between-language obstruction in
clarifying the bilingual familiarity impediment, and propose that
bilingual familiarity will be boosted under testing conditions that limit
such obstruction. All the more by and large, the discoveries recommend
a job for determination by rivalry in language creation, and that such
rivalry is more persuasive in moderately unconstrained creation
errands.
92
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
Literary Survey
Challenges to identify and choose journals
El-Omar, E. M. (2014) Publishing research work in a reputed journal
is a prestigious issue to most of the researchers. Most people believe
that the quality of research work of an individual can be find out by their
publications. The publishing results must be accurate and acceptable
because these are going to be references for budding researchers. This
paper includes how to publish research work in high impact factor
journals, key elements to be considered by editors.
Pierson, D. J. (2004). Major discussions in this paper include top 10
reasons why researchers’ manuscripts are not accepted for publications.
Key points mentioned are why researcher manuscripts get rejected.
Discussed some important points on poor study design, how to do
literature survey, various wrong formats of submitting, selecting a right
journal for publication, inadequate description of methods not following
instructions.
Chipperfield, L et.al (2010)This paper discusses goals of enhancing
transparency and making the work available globally. By making work
available to the peer community it is very useful to the young
researchers. General problems faced by researcher are 1)lack of word
framing 2)how to identify a suitable venue to publish research
work.This paper majorly works on submission guidelines information to
help authors manuscript submission process. How to solve the common
grammar mistakes that every author are going to do, How we can avoid
those issues are discussed.
Ramírez-Castañeda, V. (2020) The successful work of a researcher
depends on their publications in reputed journals. Most of the papers
will be published in English .98% of publications can be done in English.
In this paper the author described problems faced by Colombian
researchers. It is the place where proficiency of English is too poor.
Included rejections or revisions of their articles because of the English
grammar of authors. Discussed that people are spending most of their
money to make corrections in their vocabulary. But it is necessary to
have a common language platform for global communication.
Flowerdew, J. (1999) In this paper the author discussed problems
faced by scholars in publishing their research work, and discussed the
influence of mother tongue. Major problems encountered are no proper
chance to express their opinion time consuming process flaws in
framing vocabulary. Qualitative is more important than quantitative,
93
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
Style of writing a qualitative article. Describes problems faced by
research scholars includes recommendations to solve their issues.
Liumbruno, G. M.(2013) The system of paper publishing was started
in 1665 since then it became a common practice for every researcher to
publish papers in journals. A conducted survey on 30000 journals shows
that 44.5% of journals are rewritten and manipulated. there are three
broad groups of manuscripts: original scientific articles, reviews and
case reports. case reports described along with proofs, this article
presents steps required in writing research articles and reviews which
help the reader with the necessary tools to prepare their manuscript
manuscript.
Problems with writing in English
Myles, J. (2002) Writing academic contents require lot of efforts to
analyze ideas. Students writing in non-mother language faces various
challenges. Language proficiency and completely understanding of
information is very important because people cannot express the
original contents in other language will be poor expressive. This paper
point outs errors while writing papers, how we can solve those issues.
Souriyavongsa, T et.al.(2013) This paper focus to explore studentsteachers’ pitfalls towards English language learning., main causes have
been included namely: first teachers are not trained well; for instance,
they use language when teaching, so they cannot perform well to attract
the interest of the student. Secondly, students not having good English
background. Third, students lack of using while communicating with
others. Fourth, the curriculum is in a state for helping students to
improve their English proficiency. Fifth English language is tough to
learn due to students are not well-motivated. Main problem occurs at
students not using in communities.
Khan, I. A. (2011) Teaching of English as a Foreign Language is
always a critical task. it is very important for development. so,. We can
avoid this flaw by maintaining proper academics .so many factors we
need to consider for this issue. Such attempts results to be helpful in
possible evolution of some good strategies in order to yield the
maximum academic output. Even tough we are maintaining various
academic activities like translating word, in to other language not
producing effective results.
Qasem, F. A et.al (2019) Research, by its inclination, is a basic testing
task needs full information on the topic, arranging, care, and difficult
94
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
work. From the understudies' perspective, this paper endeavors to
investigate the difficulties that are looked by students when they are
composing recommendations and examination projects at the beginning
phases. The Research devices of the investigation incorporate survey
and casual meetings with understudies and instructors of the objective
gatherings. Unmistakably, the outcomes from study showed that around
70 % of the members who are composing examination or leading
exploration projects in English is one of the transcendent difficulties for
them. Around half really like to direct their exploration in L1. The
investigation investigated different and normal difficulties/troubles
during composing the examination proposition and tasks, for example,
trouble in choosing the point for research, absence of good information
on the philosophy, failure of discovering present day, particular and
related references, absence of premium in research, absence of
comprehension of the topic, absence of time, and exploration
controlling. The examination additionally endeavors to give a few
proposals/suggestions for building up the way toward composing
research recommendations and exploration projects.
Problems while writing research paper
Darus, S., et.al. (2009) At the point when you compose a paper
identified with writing, history, recent developments, and numerous
different fields, direct statements might be crucial for a full conversation
of the subject. In science, there is once in a while any require an
immediate statement. On understudy papers, there is no explanation at
all to incorporate direct statements, besides for the situation when the
understudy doesn't comprehend the idea and utilizations the statement
to try not to need to clarify it his/herself. Clearly, this doesn't go over
excessively well with the grader. Generally speaking, don't utilize direct
statements in an insightful specialized paper. Your own considerations
should be communicated, not those of another person.
Fernsten, L. A et.al (2011) This article shares systems that teachers
can use to help understudies in gathering the difficulties of scholastic
composing more adequately. To closer view a comprehension of battling
authors, the content starts with a short audit of synthesis hypothesis
and history identified with fundamental scholars and personality. It
proceeds to analyse study hall rehearses that help challenge negative
author personality, particularly comparable to formal scholastic talks.
The writers fight that author mindfulness furnishes understudies with a
superior comprehension of the creative cycle, extra apparatuses with
95
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
which to endeavour composing tasks, and more prominent certainty to
travel through the numerous education undertakings of the institute
and past. By welcoming understudies to analyse their convictions about
composition and author character, these exercises are helpful in any
homeroom, across disciplines, in which high-stakes composing is
utilized.
Zheng, C et.al (2013) The investigation applications the writing
literature, the current article analyses the utilization of consider
examination ebb and flow distributed exploration across four articles.
Despite simplicity of examination using technology, the fitting utilization
of factor investigation requires a progression of insightful analyst
decisions. These decisions straightforwardly influence results and
translations. The creators look at across considers (a) the choices made
while leading exploratory factor examinations and (b) the data detailed
from the investigations. In doing as such, they present an audit of the
current status of factor insightful work on, remembering remark for
basic mistakes being used and revealing. Suggestions are proffered for
future practice as respects scientific choices and detailing in exact
exploration.
Dyson, A. H. et.al (1991) In proceeding and expanding upon past
endeavors, the National Center for the Study of Writing and Literacy, in a
joint effort with scientists and professionals around the globe, is
producing new hypothetical and academic headings recorded as a hard
copy and education. The Center's examination undertakings and
exercises mean to react intensely and direct to the basic difficulties
confronting teachers across grade levels and educational plan zones.
These difficulties ask instructors to move past the over-simplifications
of current composing hypothesis and teaching method. The Center
intends to create speculations, research plans, and standards of
appraisal and guidance that are based upon an exhaustive
comprehension of the variety of the populace and of education itself. To
achieve these goals, the Center is directing exploration undertakings and
exercises that address the worries and utilize the information and
experience of specialists, guardians, local area pioneers, and bosses. This
integrative and synergistic methodology is fundamental for the
accomplishment of the Center and for genuine instructive change.
96
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
Research design:
Fig :1
Questionnaire:
The Questions are prepared considering all the features that are
available in google forms and intended to get the correct feedback from
the faculty members. The results of the feedback givean enough chance
to get the detailed analysis on how a research person feels about writing
a technical paper or articles.
Population of the study:
By adopting random sample method 70 faculty members are
selected who are experts in writing technical papers from various
branches. To full fill the assessments requirement sent a Google form
link which consists of questions sent to their official email. Two
reminders were sent in an interval of 7 working days and 40 responses
were collected. 5 responses were found incomplete hence those are
removed. Remaining responses are considered for assessment.
Data analysis
Data analysis is a process of eliminating unnecessary data used to
take decisions. Useful to improve research work or business, …
1) Quantitative analysis:
Quantitative analysis is a form of mathematical and statistical
method of investigating behavior and predicting results which involves
investors and management. This research and analysis helps to improve
decision-making process.
97
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
2) Summary of analysis:
A summary of analysis take a problem statement and performs
analysis of that data .the intension to use this theme is “ to know the
exact facts.” It involves breaks a problem into smaller pieces in order
to process each sub problem.
Discussion and conclusion include the following results:
1) I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing.
FIG:2
The above analysis describes that above 50 % of the people are
comfort with using verbs in their writing. Only 1% of people said that
they felt hard to write verbs. Remaining all other answers are
satisfactory.
2) I commit mistakes in using tenses.
FIG:3
The above figure resembles that equal portion of people chosen for
both agree and disagree. Very less people choose that they commit
mistakes in tenses. Tenses play a very important role in our writings.
98
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
3) I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction.
FIG:3
The above statistics says that 70% of people are good in usage of
conjunction. 60% of people can work with little efforts, 40% of people
are struggling to write .
4) I struggle to use apt preposition.
FIG:4
The above responses says that 50% of people are good in using
prepositions. Less percentage of people are felling hard to use them. To
describe any thing or place... this grammatical part plays a prominent
role.
5) I make errors in punctuations.
FIG:5
99
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
The above statistics resembles that most of the people are
good at working with punctuations. By applying little bit efforts
they can work well with is grammar part .
6)Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL
letters.
FIG:6
The above scenario reflects that 75% of people are working well
with using of capital, small letters. Actually, it is simple to use but
in case of mistakes it may led to so many errors.
7)Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural
forms.
FIG:7
The above statistics resembles that it comes in neutral it
means its neither easy nor hard to implement them. Less no of
people are involved in singular & plural errors.
100
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
8)I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence.
FIG:8
Above 70% of people are good in writing lengthy sentence,
25% of people are moderately makes mistakes, no one strongly
agrees under this part.
9)I am confused with the use of active and passive voices.
FIG:9
Maximum portion of people are disagreed under this grammar
part, which reflects that they are good in using voices in their
writings. Especially this concept helps to demonstrate a situation
well understandable manner.
101
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
10) While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know.
FIG:10
The above graph demonstrates that most of the people are
well in expressing which in their mind. It’s a satisfiable result that
because, due to EFL to Indians definitely there is a scope for
making errors. Except some minute mistakes people can express
what is in their mind.
11) I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing.
FIG:11
The above scenario reflects that 75% of people are good in
using spellings. If we make errors in spellings the total content
meaning will be changes. Still some people are facing problem in
writing spellings.
102
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
12) I get confused with American and British spellings.
FIG:12
In above scenario 60 % of people are agreeing that, it makes
confusion in using, American and British spellings. Really some
times it will be a tough situation to make difference in between in
this two categories.
13) Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express
what I read or what I.
FIG:13
Most of people responded that they can express well what they
read people can understand easily, It is very important art that a
researcher must have .The above result is satisfactory.
103
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
14) I use the same words and phrases repeatedly.
FIG:14
It is one of the common problem that we can find in most of the
budding writers. Above results mirrors very less portion of people
are committing this mistake.
15) I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing.
FIG:15
The above graph represents that mother tongue influence is
very high in their writings. Yes, it is general problem that everyone
faces definitely there will be we can find a mother tongue influence
by practice we can overcome it.
104
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
Conclusion:
The main intention of above assessment is to show how people feel
while research technical articles, above results mirrors that still require
so much effort to make writing articles comfortable. It can be possible
by only through continuous practice. Online tools helped a lot to get
effective results from the participants, to communicate globally with
various technical people English is the only source. So, by the results we
can say that technology, English are two factors while rules the world.
Reference:
1. McKinley, J. (2015). Critical argument and writer identity: Social
constructivism as a theoretical framework for EFL academic
writing. Critical inquiry in language studies, 12(3), 184-207.
2. Moravcsik, J. E., & Kintsch, W. (1993). Writing quality, reading
skills, and domain knowledge as factors in text comprehension.
Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne
de psychologieexpérimentale, 47(2), 360.
3. Ngangbam, H. (2016). An analysis of syntactic errors committed by
students of English language class in the written composition of
Mutah University: A case study. European Journal of English
Language, Linguistics and Literature, 3(1), 1-13.
4. Rahman, M. S. (2020). The advantages and disadvantages of using
qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods in language
“testing and assessment” research: A literature review.
5. Hummel, K. M. (2013). Target-language community involvement:
Second-language linguistic self-confidence and other perceived
benefits. Canadian Modern Language Review, 69(1),
65-90.
6. Yotimart, D., & Aziz, N. H. A. (2017). Linguistic disadvantage and
authorial identity in research articles written by native English
and Thai writers in international publication. International Journal
of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 6(5), 206-213.
7. Sandoval, T. C., Gollan, T. H., Ferreira, V. S., & Salmon, D. P. (2010).
What causes the bilingual disadvantage in verbal fluency? The
dual-task analogy. Bilingualism, 13(2), 231.
8. El-Omar, E. M. (2014). How to publish a scientific manuscript in a
high-impact journal. Advances in Digestive Medicine, 1(4), 105109.
105
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
9. Pierson, D. J. (2004). The top 10 reasons why manuscripts are not
accepted for publication. Respiratory care, 49(10), 1246-1252
10. Chipperfield, L., Citrome, L., Clark, J., David, F. S., Enck, R.,
Evangelista, M., ... & Weigel, A. (2010). Authors' Submission Toolkit:
a practical guide to getting your research published. Current
medical research and opinion, 26(8), 1967-1982.
11. Ramírez-Castañeda, V. (2020). Disadvantages in preparing and
publishing scientific papers caused by the dominance of the English
language in science: The case of Colombian researchers in
biological sciences. PloS one, 15(9), e0238372.
12. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication
in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 8(3), 243-264.
13. Liumbruno, G. M., Velati, C., Pasqualetti, P., &Franchini, M. (2013).
How to write a scientific manuscript for publication. Blood
Transfusion, 11(2), 217.
14. Myles, J. (2002). Second language writing and research: The writing
process and error analysis in student texts. Tesl-Ej, 6(2), 1-20.
15. Souriyavongsa, T., Rany, S., Abidin, M. J. Z., & Mei, L. L. (2013).
Factors causes students low English language learning A case study
in the National University of Laos. International Journal of English
Language Education, 1(1), 179-192.
16. Khan, I. A. (2011). Learning difficulties in English: Diagnosis and
pedagogy in Saudi Arabia. Educational Research, 2(7), 1248-1257
17. Qasem, F. A. A., &Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
18. Darus, S., & Ching, K. H. (2009). Common errors in written English
essays of form one Chinese students: A case study. European
Journal of social sciences, 10(2), 242-253.
19. Fernsten, L. A., & Reda, M. (2011). Helping students meet the
challenges
of
academic
writing. Teaching
in
Higher
Education, 16(2), 171-182.
20. Zheng, C., & Park, T. J. (2013). An Analysis of Errors in English
Writing Made by Chinese and Korean University Students. Theory
& Practice in Language Studies, 3(8).
106
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.6
21. Dyson, A. H., & Freedman, S. W. (1991). Critical Challenges for
Research on Writing and Literacy:1990-1995. Technical Report No.
1-B.
107
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
CHAPTER -7
An Analysis on the complications faced by scholars for
writing a research paper in English language
HARITHA T
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
haritha.t2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Victori, M. (1999).English has been the language of choice for many
international scholarly journals. Academic writing is intricate, square,
objective, explicit, enclosed, and responsible. This article analyzes how
different beliefs or Meta cognitive knowledge (MK) about writing
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing skills. Data gathered from
four undergraduate university Spanish students, two good and poor
writers, registered in EFL classes at the University of Barcelona. Firstly,
by taking English test and writing an debate essay to assess their
language and writing skills. This study emphasized a number of areas in
which the knowledge of the two pairs clearly differed. Finally these
differences pointed to a more perfect and broadly view of the writing
process and are able to apply more comfortably. In other side the less
successful writers' MK was limited and insufficient. Rao, V. Chandra.
(2018).English is global academic language. Mostly scholars are needed
to publish a paper internationally. An academic writing style plays a
major role in English to give confidence and effectives on their own
perspective. English has unique sets of rules majorly concentrate on
vocabulary, punctuation, spellings, grammar, and word sentences plays
key role for good academic writing. Use simple present or past tense
only, avoid sentence length and redundancy. Don’t over explain the
things. Give precise information what you need to implemented that
should be effective. English has very good academic writing skills to
learn.
Odeleye, Toyin et.al (2018).The writing skills are the most
important role in English language. Writing requires correct grammar,
punctuation, spellings, and error free sentence structure. While writing,
108
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
some of the errors are identified in tenses form, correction of sentences.
In this research they analyzed the different types of errors like
connection errors, spelling errors, grammatical mistakes and effects of
errors. Some of the findings are should practice more on vocabulary,
grammar. In foundation, they taught about phonics, how spelt words
correctly, giving some exercises to practice incomplete sentences.
Produce English curriculum in post graduates to learn oral fluently and
written English.
Nishanthi, Rajathurai. (2018). English has been playing a major role
in all different fields. Basically students are study just for examination
point of view. They don’t have proper practice while writing the error
free sentences. Now a day’s English has lot of benefits for
communication in global world. Knowledge of learning English is
necessary in this modern world, which have getting sound knowledge in
English then only given a job. Some of the factors are fundamental in
English for communication. Firstly English is international language; it
will help to communicate in any other language easily. In education
sector English remains a major medium to instruct the documents in
language. In internet and press, it will allow reading billions of pages.
Thousands of resources are available in internet and bookstore. In any
field we required English to communicate, it is flexible and easy way to
interact with other countries. English is most used and dominant
language in all over the world. Rao, Parupalli. (2019).In this study, they
focus on writing skills in English language. Using different language
skills are receptive or passive skills, productive or active skills. Speaking
and writing skills are used for way of communication with other
languages. Effective writing skill techniques are used to develop the
English learning skills like short stories, essay writings, note making,
and brain storming so on. Teachers should choose interesting topics to
create interest on English environment. And teachers put effect for
preparing materials for students, implement new techniques to learn,
give some tasks, assignments on their learning process. Students and
teacher can work together then only the getting desired results.
Teachers should guide different tasks, activities at several stages and
motivate them.
Flower dew, J. (2019). In now a day’s academic papers are going to
publish internationally. Many scholars facing problems due to their first
language, English is not a first language. English academic writers are
different view on their own perspective in publications when non native
109
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
speakers it leads to myth or not proper view on their own issues. L1
writes are simpler and clearly implemented their thoughts when
compared to L2 writers. L2 writers are makes that more difficult, less
effective patterns.Lai, C. C Et.al (2006). The purpose of the paper is
related how computer technology uses language. How to attach the
learning programs in language and what are advantages and
disadvantages. Computer applications are majorly related to second
language it has some positive effects and weakness in English.
Disadvantages are some languages issues, using computer assisted
applications, lack of knowledge for trainers to train students at basic
level, lack of low budget school to afford computers to students. To
overcome emphasise individual needs of students; interactions should
be more between the students and teachers. Improve self confidence
and self motivation.
Literary Survey
Challenges to identify and choose journals
Pho, Phuong.et. al(2016). Now days, choosing/publishing a paper are
trouble part in doctoral program. In this paper, discussed about what
are obstacles faced by senior and young lecturers to publish a paper
either international journals or local publications. First obstacle finding,
by differentiating local publications and international publications to
solve the obstacle provide incentives for researchers to focus for
publications. Another obstacle is language problems for that mentor can
motivate and gave confidence to submit papers in internationally.
Another obstacle in different faculties have altered skills make them all
faculties has community, conducting workshops is easier way to find
different skills, identifying journals.
Eykens, J .et.al (2019).This author narrates about how to identify
questionable open access journals. Author follows some procedure by
using bibliographic databases to identify the questionable journals.
Firstly evaluate previous years questionable journal bibliographic
databases secondly identify in different research area databases thirdly
identify authorship levels based on seniority levels. Based on yearly
rates of publication after evaluating that we can make the awareness of
questionable journals and in future mostly the authors are published in
open access journals than questionable journals. And the paper yields to
threat legal issues for research funding system.
110
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
Klar, S .et .al (2020).This paper explains that related to social media
communication like twitter. It creates opportunities for scholars to push
their research work than academic publications. Existing twitter
correlates with citations and different gender spreading the research or
handled by single one, tracing the articles while sharing the research but
no evidence. Proposal of paper is to find somewhat gender worth by use
of coding with help of twitter available time, photos and added different
articles to concentrate gender inconsistency on different subfields of
research areas. And also finds first view of article with 0 tweets also
led’s to good evidence.
Kátia Monteiro.et .al (2019). This article summarises, brazil face
difficulty tasks while publishing a particular research fields of paper
internationally. Mostly papers are interested to publish in English than
own languages. Scholars don’t have proper knowledge about linguistic
barriers. Here author argued about language barriers and scholars are
mostly depend on literacy brokers, it seems slow down publications due
to lack of English proficiency and also introduced gate keepers to reduce
the publications from different countries. Limitations are to analysed
with restricted peoples only in different areas. finally all those
arguments are perception only it may help in real humanity.
Baden horst .et .al (2016).This paper explains how to publish a paper,
suggests writing and publishing a paper is way of explore the knowledge
of authors and introducing autoethnographic methods try to make
precise the complexity and disorderliness in writing and publishing.
Sometimes it led to lose the learning process. They introduced four
themes for understanding the writing and publishing to explicit the
knowledge firstly writers are able to adopt the writing for suitable
journal language.
Secondly access the position and reposition
themselves .thirdly writer’s wants writing skills and confidence. Lastly
writes are able to manage critical situations. This makes the successful
path.
Paine, C., et .al(2018).In this paper, author describes about
effectiveness of publishing, manuscripts, peer reviews, citations. author
evaluates impact of particular domain by using some criteria firstly
identify low impact manuscripts , secondly identify high impact
manuscripts and editors side rejects based on these identifications are
solved by probability of number of citations and publishing papers.
Finally author recognises that academic publishing system are
measured by number of citations that manuscripts after the paper
111
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
publication. Identify appropriate journals to publish and peer reviews
for particular journal board.
Problems with writing in English
Al Fadda, .et .al (2012). This paper analysed the difficulties of Saud
university students faced while writing and spoken English as second
language. Author differentiate the Arabic language is pretty differ to
English language. Factors are firstly phrases, grammars, sentences are
feels stress speaking fluency sounds good than writing skills when
compared to own language. Secondly revision the paper before
submitting. Finally students should interact with native English
speakers for improving the writing skills and communication skills, take
some guidance from them it helps for publishing a paper. In future, that
examines in different research fields for all skills, and differentiates
gender writing skills.
Bocanegra-Valle, A. (2014).The author discussed about the views
expressed submission in English than different national languages, fear,
opportunities. Authority of English in academic publications over
different countries. Methods are encouraged to submission of
manuscripts in five languages; in that eventually identify non
Anglophone journals. Find out LSP scholars, like native language
publication, attitudes, and perceptions. Findings are reason to submit
paper in English than other languages, means it is very familiar and
easier to understand other authors for research; it is a scientific
language than all other languages. Finally views are explored
submission of paper in English uses in Anglophone journals.
Pérez-Llantada, et .al (2011).In this paper, author focused the
difficulties of English language skills while writing, publishing and
spread the knowledge for non Spanish academics in academic
interactions of Spanish. We need to ask interviewees for they have
different language views are eligible, interviewee’s offers then they
provide support for publications with help of conference, discussions,
grammars, interactions with different faculties in university. Another if
not, scholar should depend on language background and proficiency for
detailed text. These include playing role in academic interactions, as
language brokers’ part of faculties.
Cennetkuşu, N. G. (2017). This paper explores the challenges faced
by students for writing skills in English language as second language.
findings are firstly what are the challenges students faced in academic
112
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
writing, Secondly any wrong connection are reported by professors ,
Thirdly need to introduce any programs for accomplishment. By using
sampling methods to collect data from professors and students.
Students are less in words, grammars and composing the sentences
undoubtedly while the professors are analysed the problem in
terminologies and exploring ideas, eliminated misconnections. In
academics, programs are not useful need to publish the papers for
future scholars it’s just for course.
Problems while writing research paper
Al-Khasawneh, F. M. S (2010). Now a days, English acting a key role
in educational system. This paper author describes problems faced by
students with English in Arab universities. Objectives are examined by
students is types of writing skills, discover the writing problems and rise
above solution. By using sampling technique, find out the results from
students. Types of various writing skills are known offer tasks to
empower the English skills. Grammatically corrections, sentence
formation are required in discipline academic writing. Causes for
problems, faculty must encourage the students to do fun activities, tasks,
projects in English to improve the writing skills smoothly.
Flowerdew, J. (1999). In this article, author focus on Native English
speakers and Non native English speakers in Hong Kong. How the
scholars English writing skills in their outlook. Data collected by using
sampling technique.NNS have less knowledge in writing, grammar skills
when compared to NS. NNS wants to identify journal reviewers, editorial
members problems what type of rejections are occurred how to identify
it. Using selection, interview methodologies to analysed speakers in
English. As per result NS are experts in language take them as a mentor
to learn about issues in English.
Javed, Muhammad. (2019). The author illustrates problems faced by
learner and second language writers. English is most important role for
writing a research paper. They collected data by using two methods.
Majorly eight problems in topic selection, writing introduction,
literature review, format of paper in second language. Mostly students
are writing a paper in own language then covert into second language.
Students don’t have proper knowledge how to express their ideas
correctly in research paper because lack of vocabularies and other skills.
Some students have skills but they don’t have idea about format, so
faculty should give guidance to achieve good results.
113
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
Qasem, F. A. A., (2019). The paper examines the regular difficulties in
lack of understanding and writing skills in research paper as second
languages. Two methods are used to collect samples, based on those
result students are; in early stages students sacred about language
firstly they have lack of language, interest, proper guidance problem.
Secondly students have good academic skills, interest, but lack in
English writing. For those students mentors give right guidelines, tasks,
conducting workshops, training courses and motivate them in research
problems. Faculty encourages them to think creatively, securely and
provide confidence in process of research paper writing skills in English.
Statement of the Problem
English being an international language is spoken majorly around the
globe and it is the most universally studied foreign language in the
world. It is the language can be used in any business field and any print
media follows internationally English only. Majorly all books are
published in English. I stated the issues while learning the English; it is
an official language in all over the world. While writing the English, need
to verify all grammatical mistakes, spellings, punctuation, and
connection sentence. Communication skills are poor due to lack of
knowledge in education system. In education system, we need to
implement English correctly in all higher studies in academics for
proper communication with all foreign language. If language sounds
good then the writer point of view is clearly visible and explained. In the
way lack of English language leads to face many difficulties in the world.
Research Objectives
To ensure the language skills in higher education and teachers make
sure to give proper guidance for their students. Teachers must
concentrate for giving some tasks, assignments, and activities in the part
of learning. While writing the English, to face some difficulties to
overcome the problems, mistakes need to practice more. To develop and
integrate the use of four English language skills like reading, writing,
listening, and speaking.
Significance of the study
English language plays a major role in our lives as it helps in
communication. English is the language that important to students in
broadens their mind; develop emotional skills, easily interacted with
114
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
foreign students. So teaching English the socializing and entertainment
as a work, learning the language gives the access of the internet, foreign
language enhances your cognitive and analytical abilities. English is not
only for useful, but it gives lot of satisfaction and making progress will
make your feel great.
Limitations of the study
English Language students selected through purposive sampling.
This study has a number of limitations. First, the sample may not
accurately reflect the opinions of students in general towards the
language. Secondly, the sample does not contain an equal mix of genders
to accurately reveal views towards sample. Thirdly, some writers may
be unfamiliar with their unable of providing their perspectives towards
it. However, a brief set of definition are provided in the questionnaire to
help respondents to make known them with the subject area.
Research Methodology
Kim, TY (2010).In survey method, they data were compared to
English students and Korea students. The study might have
questionnaire for participants. Data was collected by using different
methods to enhance the knowledge in English.
Thygesen, L.C., Et.al (2014). In population of the sample method,
Research based on databases has been implemented. Studies based on
record registers, evaluation are used for population based data
registers. All the people’s records are available and traditional analysis
focus on sampling errors. Data already exist and valuable time has
passed, complete study depends on population data collected
independently. Data collection is not done by researchers, co scholars.
Data is collected from different persons because quality of data will be
analyzed. Data is collected by using 16 different questionnaire are
conducted through Google form. Responses are gathered from different
population related to academic writers.
Ignacio M (2019). In this data collection study, the data reflects the
decision by using data collection methods. In this respect, it is important
note that all experimental studies together with different analysis. It has
presented broad picture investigated some languages. It is still possible
to contribution something new to the field or deal with different
approach. Interestingly it is useful to expand and enlarge the sample of
journals. Questionnaires aimed to authors and editors of the journals
115
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
and would also enhance our understandings. Finally we might explore
the extent to which the research practices with different methods.
Questionnaire which we are collected different questions in academic
writing like
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
2. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
3. I commit mistakes in using tenses
4. I struggle to use apt preposition
5. I make errors in punctuations
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
11. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
13. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
14. I get confused with American and British spellings
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
Data Analysis
Quantitative Analysis:
Quantitative analysts characterize a given reality in terms of a
mathematical value. Quantitative analysis is applied to the
measurement, performance evaluation, valuation of a financial
instrument and predicting real-world events. Quantitative data is
defined as the value of data in the form of counts or numbers where
each data-set has a unique numerical value associated with it. This data
is any quantifiable information that can be used for mathematical
calculations and statistical analysis, such that real-life decisions can be
made based on these mathematical derivations. Quantitative data is
used to answer questions such as “How many?”, “How often?”, “How
much?. This data can be verified and can also be conveniently evaluated
using mathematical techniques.
Quantitative data makes measuring various parameters controllable
due to the ease of mathematical derivations they come with.
Quantitative data is usually collected for statistical analysis
116
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
using surveys, polls or questionnaires sent across to a specific section of
a population. The retrieved results can be established across a
population.
Summary of Analysis:
Fig1
Fig 2
In data collection, as per fig 1 I struggle to use appropriate verbs
while writing mostly the output was disagreeing. Some of them are
agree with that. In academic writing the data collection plays are
important role. In fig 2, in academic writing, I commit mistakes in using
tenses. In fig2 data will be collected most of them are disagree with this
statement.25% agree, 15% neutral, 15% strongly disagree.
I have difficulty in using
correct Conjunction
6
6
4
2
I struggle to use apt
preposition
5
2
6
6
1
Fig 3
2
Fig 4
Fig3 represents, in academic writing, 30% of population can be
disagree and agree while facing difficulty in using correct conjunction.
20% of neutral. In fig 4, represents academic data collection, 30%
neutral and disagree when they are struggling problems while use apt
preposition. 25% agree.
117
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
Some of my errors are in the
use of capital and small letters
I make errors in punctuations
7
3
5
3
12
2
2
0
2
4
Fig 5
Fig6
In above fig 5 represents most of the population makes errors in
punctuations as like 35% disagree and 25% neutral.In above fig 6
represents, all most 60% of population is disagreeing with this
statement.20% are strongly disagree by using the errors in the use of
capital and small letters.
Sometimes I notice errors in the
use of Singular & Plural form
Use of suitable vocabulary is a
big challenge for me
4
6
4
3
10
3
3
Fig 7
2
1
4
Fig 8
In above figure 7 represents, use of suitable vocabulary is a big
challenge for me for collecting data from the population based on their
views i.e. 30% of disagree, 20% of agree and 20% of neutral. In above fig
8 presents, data collection most of samples are collected for sometimes I
notice errors in the use of singular & plural forms are 50% disagree,
20% agree and 10% neutral.
118
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
I make errors while
constructing a lengthy
sentence
4
6
4
I am confused with the use
of active and passive
voices
3
2
3
7
Fig 9
4
4
2
Fig 10
In above fig 9 samples, most of the data 30% disagree while they
make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence, 20% of agree and
20% of agree. In above fig 10 data samples, the questionnaire is am
confused with the use of active and passive voices while writing the
paper in academics. Most of the samples are 35% of disagree, 20% of
neutral and 15% agree.
While writing, I have
difficulty to express what I
know
While writing, I have difficulty
to express what I know
2
10
3
2
3
2
Fig11:
10
3
2
3
Fig12
In above fig11 data samples, the questionnaire is while writing the
paper in academics has difficulty to express what I know. Most of the
samples are 50% of disagree, 15% of neutral and 15% of strongly
disagree. I notice from above figure 12, while writing the paper sentence
construction is a big trial for me while I express what I read or what I
did is 35% both neutral and disagrees with above statement.
119
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
I notice lot of spelling errors in
my writing
7
2
I get confused with American and
British spellings
9
6
4
3
2
4
3
0
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Fig 13
Fig 14
In above figure 13 represents, I notice lot of spelling errors in my
writing for collecting data from the population based on their views i.e.
35% of disagree, 30% of strongly disagree and 15% of strongly agree.
In above fig 14 data samples, the questionnaire is while writing the
paper in academics has difficulty I get confused with American and
British spellings. Most of the samples are 45% of agree, 15% of disagree
and 15% of neutral.
I notice lot of spelling errors in
my writing
7
2
2
3
I notice translation from my
mother tongue in my writing
6
7
Fig15:
6
3
2
2
Fig16:
In academic most of data collection, fig 15 shows 40% neutral and
25% of disagree when they I use the same words and phrases
repeatedly while writing the paper. In above fig 16 represents the data
sample which is collected from different kinds of population for the
statement is I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
while writing the paper.
120
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
Recommendation:
From our experience, we would like to share general
recommendations that can be adapted to different questionnaire.
However, each questionnaire is unique. Thus, it is important to consider
what is the main problem faced by scholars and students while writing
the paper in academics.Why this research is important to advance in the
academics for writing the paper. Or to generate new way of learning
techniques to whom this information can be valuable (scholars,
students), and finally, how this knowledge can reach such scholars and
students (the method). Some of the initial questions are useful for
scholars, “how to reach them”, “what are the major techniques to
improve the writing skills” and “why it is important in academic
writing”. These questions should guide to planning the paper writing in
English language.
Conclusion:
With respect to the data obtained from the findings and research, it
is concluded that the implementation of writing skills, techniques is
beneficial for students/scholars.They introduced four themes for
understanding the writing and publishing to explicit the knowledge
firstly writers are able to adopt the writing for suitable journal language.
Students don’t have proper knowledge how to express their ideas
correctly in research paper because lack of vocabularies and other skills.
In this paper, what are the different problems faced by scholars while
writing the paper, advantages and disadvantages of writing skills in
second languages. In this paper, the major challenges which students
and scholars faced has been described with survey data and obtained a
solution for the betterment of students for writing the paper in English
language.
Reference
1. Victori, M. (1999). An analysis of writing knowledge in EFL
composing: A case study of two effective and two less effective
writers. System, 27(4), 537-555
2. Rao, V. Chandra. (2018). The Use of English Language in Research
3. Odeleye, Toyin & Adetuyi, Chris. (2018). An overview of errors
committed in written english by students in the federal college of
education (special), oyo. 2. 28-42.
121
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
4. Nishanthi, Rajathurai. (2018). Important of learning English in
today world. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research
and Development. Volume-3. 10.31142/ijtsrd19061.
5. Rao, Parupalli. (2019). effective teaching of writing skills to the
english language learners. 6. 196-205. 10.33329/ijelr.64.196.
6. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or reality.
<i>Language
Teaching,</i><i>52</i>(2),
249-260.
doi:10.1017/S0261444819000041
7. Lai, C. C., & Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). The advantages and
disadvantages of computer technology in second language
acquisition. Online Submission, 3(1).
8. Pho, Phuong & Tran, Thi. (2016). Obstacles to Scholarly Publishing
in the Social Sciences and Humanities: A Case Study of Vietnamese
Scholars. Publications. 4. 19. 10.3390/publications4030019.
9. Eykens, J., Guns, R., Rahman, A., & Engels, T. (2019). Identifying
publications in questionable journals in the context of
performance-based research funding. PloS one, 14(11), e0224541.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224541
10. Klar, S., Krupnikov, Y., Ryan, J. B., Searles, K., & Shmargad, Y. (2020).
Using social media to promote academic research: Identifying the
benefits of twitter for sharing academic work. PloS one, 15(4),
e0229446. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229446
11. Kátia Monteiro, Eliana Hirano,A periphery inside a semi-periphery:
The uneven participation of Brazilian scholars in the international
community,English for Specific Purposes,Volume 58,2020,Pages
15-29,ISSN 0889-4906,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2019.11.001
12. Baden horst, C., & Xu, X. (2016). Academic Publishing: Making the
Implicit Explicit. Publications, 4(3),24.doi:10.3390/ publications
4030024
13. Paine, C., & Fox, C. W. (2018). The effectiveness of journals as
arbiters of scientific impact. Ecology and evolution, 8(19), 9566–
9585. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4467
14. Al Fadda, H. (2012). Difficulties in academic writing: From the
perspective of King Saud university postgraduate students. English
Language Teaching, 5(3), 123-130.
15. Bocanegra-Valle, A. (2014). ‘English is my default academic
language’: Voices from LSP scholars publishing in a multilingual
journal. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 13, 65-77.
122
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.7
16. Pérez-Llantada, C., Plo, R., & Ferguson, G. R. (2011). “You don’t say
what you know, only what you can”: The perceptions and practices
of senior Spanish academics regarding research dissemination in
English. English for Specific Purposes, 30(1), 18-30.
17. Cennetkuşu, N. G. (2017). International students’ challenges in
academic writing: A case study from a prominent US
university. DilveDilbilimi ÇalışmalarıDergisi, 13(2), 309-323.
18. Al-Khasawneh, F. M. S., & Maher, S. (2010). Writing for academic
purposes: Problems faced by Arab postgraduate students of the
college of business, UUM. ESP World, 9(2), 1-23.
19. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication
in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 8(3), 243-264.
20. Javed, Muhammad. (2019). What Are The Problems For Students In
Writing The First Research Paper In A Second Language?. IJOHMN
(International Journal Online of Humanities). 5. 17.
10.24113/ijohmn.v5i5.139.
21. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
22. Kim, TY. Socio-political influences on EFL motivation and attitudes:
comparative surveys of Korean high school students. Asia Pacific
Educ. Rev. 11, 211–222 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564010-9071-7
23. Thygesen, L.C., Ersbøll, A.K. When the entire population is the
sample:
strengths
and
limitations
in
register-based
epidemiology. Eur
J
Epidemiol 29, 551–558
(2014).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9873-0
24. Ignacio M. Palacios Martínez,Methods of data collection in English
empirical
linguistics
research:
Results
of
a
recent
survey,LanguageSciences,Volume 78,2020,101263,ISSN 03880001,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2019.101263
123
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
CHAPTER -8
Analysis to understand the difficulties in writing English for
academic publishing
JAYASHREE MOORTHY
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
jayashree.m2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Al Fadda, H. (2012).This study is focused on the English speakers,
advanced academic writing in English is difficult. However, it is
especially difficult for English as a second language.The goal of this
study was to find out what difficulties students face when learning to
write academic English and to distinguish between the learning needs
and goals of students. The data revealed that English as a second
language students face numerous challenges and stresses in their
academic writing, including difficulty distinguishing between spoken
and written English, creating an outline before writing a paper, and so
on. Carhill, A.et.al (2008).The purpose of this study is to gain a better
understanding of the factors that contribute to academic English
language skills in a sample of 274 early adolescence first-generation
refugee students. The current research explores immigrant youth's
academic. The results indicate that, while student achievement features
account for some difference in English language skills, the schools that
recent immigrants attended are also major. Nuruzzaman, M.et.al.
(2018).According to the findings, the most common errors made by
students when writing English paragraphs fall into four categories:
grammar, lexis, semantics, and mechanics. Then it compares the
sections, forms, and quantity of work made by these three student
groups. The incidence of errors made varies between these
classifications. It also evaluates the types of errors produced by these
three classes of students, as well as the frequency at which they occur.
Kassim, H.et.al. (2010).The aim of the study here faculty's increasing and
124
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
ongoing need to produce graduates who meet and exceed the
requirements of their chosen industry has prompted an effort to gather
input from those industries. The advantage of researchers from a have
been collecting data on critical verbal communication and responsive
events. Frequently faced and utilized in the design of an English skills
syllabus and module for engineering students. Self-developed
questionnaires were administered. Fluency within the English language
is seen as a chance within the engineering field to advance towards
turning into a worldwide.Kabilan, M. K.et.al. (2012).To determine the
long term teacher’s practices with e-portfolios in their learning and to
see if these practices result in teaching competencies. Additionally, the
study conjointly aims to spot the advantages associate degreed
challenges of mistreatments a tool for learning and self-assessment.
Findings indicate that participant’s area unit appreciative as their
performance and achievements area unit copied over time. Challenges
are noted, that embody validity and irresponsibleness, interrupted.
Internet association, negative attitudes participants, time constraints,
work and moral.You, X. (2004).According to the square measure
returning beneath increasing pressure to publish internationally. Given
the worldwide dominance of English, this terribly doubtless suggests
that business enterprise in English-medium journals and with
publishers that publish in English. This raises the vital question of the
potential disadvantage of these students' agencies natural language isn't
English and who so have the extra burden of getting to develop
adequate proficiency in an extra language, English. As a student of
contemporary languages to school level and of alternative languages to
rather lower levels of proficiency and as an instructor of English for
tutorial functions and of English for analysis and publication functions,
since even have forever believed this further burden on English people
as an extra language.Rahman, M. S. (2020).There is a spotlight on moral
issues too. The study found some strengths of victimisation qualitative
ways for language assessment and testing research such as, eliciting
deeper insights into designing, administering, and decoding assessment
and testing and exploring test-takers’ behaviour, perceptions, feelings,
and understanding. Some weaknesses area unit, as an example, smaller
sample size and time consumingnot in-depth, and overlook test-takers’
and testers’ experiences furthermore as what they mean by one thing.
Among these two analysis paradigms, the quantitative one is dominant
within the context of language testing and assessment analysis.
125
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
Literary Survey
Qasem, F. A. A., et.al. (2019).This issue is focused on student and
teacher research to study about the interview with interested in writing
a research work, this research is a goal the different tasks. This includes
common difficulties in the research work such as lack in the target
literature review and references, to find a problem subject, and work
guiding to increasing the paper writing. The strength of this paper is
using the collection of data and analysis based on the student analysis.
Flowerdew, J. (1999). This work of this paper problem to be identified
by a scholar to publication in English due to loss of the speakers. And
issues less expression are used to publish in the journal. Here researcher
using social construction approach is used to developing and having
fewer teachers to writing in English. The process of this paper problem
is increasing the number of student and teachers to state they publish in
the journal with proper English knowledge.Lei, J. et.al (2019). Here, the
authors focus on twice role of scholar and student. This problem
involves less work and tools needed to bring out their work. The
analyses of students addressed these interesting resources, like cultural
and social others that facilitated not only bring out efforts but also their
socialization into the lesson of culture and community. Searching work
that the first constant can both constrain and enable the student
scholarly bring out efforts and increasing as scholarly writers to make
their analysis stronger. Huang, J. C. (2010). To study the framework for a
better understanding of the dare in writing and publish the paper
learning to write a publication student. Here some of the various
methods are used to solve the problem in three-way English plays on
second research in scientific, due to the writing based on the problem
and unguided of the researcher. To overcome that problem the authors
using the writing in problem modules relationship and advisers for
researchers.Mafenya, P. N. (2014). This creation of research framework
is based on the creation of theoretical to increase the skills in higher
education. To solve this problem in skills, increase to improve and
provided to writing the research papers by using the open and distance
training learning and research skill develops are used in this paper and
also the strength of this paper by this work to bring out with knowledge
guided by the researchers to train to study and became researchers.
Cheung, Y. L. (2010). This research focuses on the issue of process to
publication experience for the student. This problem includes choosing
the research particular area. The researchers used some requested are
126
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
made for informed teaching in an English environment and to raise
improved the methods of students for effective writing for publication to
solve the problem above. Also, the authors could have done and the plan
of action to overcome in the publication tough for research to make their
analysis to be stronger.
Cheung, Y. L. (2010). This research is focused on the concept of
research scholar and teacher depends on the deep to improve the
particular English languages for writing skills. Here the author's ideas
are already data based on the student writing in English and provide
instructions very wide. To analysis this issue of writing the English
research paper according to improve the own subject area based on the
work to be noticed and develops with general writing research work.
Cargill, M.et.al (2012). This paper is to be research facing the problem to
publish the work of research in the international journals as reviewed
written as English. To get extract to improve the student to need skills in
English languages between students and research to given the data
collected from Chinese science based on to enhance the process
generally. Some methods of techniques used to be the strong platform in
English languages to writing to increase the member of teacher and
scholar to be needed.Farooq, M. S.et.al (2020). The role of this paper is
to be English language common contact between small to a wide region.
Writing in English languages for the research work facing the problem
for the learners and writing. This works together from school and
colleges. Several lack of communication work, the issue in bad in
writing, lot of spelling mistakes, poor grammar sentences. To overcome
this problem on describe, review, result to be included with the realtime problem based on subject. Flowerdew, J. (1999). The issue is based
on Chinese students publishing the research paper in English and facing
a lot of demerits and also problems with languages. The following issues
are low teacher's declaration takes a long time to be writing, the small
number of verbal, to find the results, fluency in English languages,
articles rewriting, a smaller number of publications are issues faced by
the scholar. To reduce that problem to a variety of suggestions are made
for remedying the solution.
Casanave, C.P.et.al (2015). In this paper, the author focused on the
issue that research scholars in general terms of concepts or work based
on the research paper. Here some of the issues facing by scholars due to
failure of a result, and describe the present work in the literature survey
and methodology to determine many words. In terms of management,
127
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
those issues are concluded with ways in which research scholars can
approach the task of concepts of work in their academic work. Al
Mubarak, A. A. (2017). Research paper writing ability to more
requirements to complete the sentences in the manuscript and facing
the problem writing. The researcher used a descriptive method to
identify the barriers recognized by the studied students in research
paper writing skills. The discoveries of this examination uncovered the
trickiest region looked at by the understudies. The solution of this study
could help scholars focus on teaching and encourage the guide to help
teachers try to develop their research writing skills.
Haider, G. (2012). Writing a research paper is one every of the
foremost troublesome and complicated for the research scholar. It
involves a spread of psychological feature activities the development of
a style plan, the capture of mental representations of data, and expertise
with subjects. This paper is involved with what's at once relevant to the
teaching and learning of writing. In the finish, I have additionally created
an endeavour to propose some sensible styles for the teaching of writing
in a real room state of affairs. Osman, T. M. (2017). This paper aims to
face issues in writing manuscripts. Also, English teachers are not subject
to training sessions on writing a paper in teaching. This paper
challenges writing research work with the following recommendations,
the research has arrived. Teachers should raise awareness of the value
of writing paper, and it is strongly recommended that writing paper be
incorporated into Sudan's curriculum. Sudanese education policy should
recommend that educators effectively use the manuscripts of English
writing.
Statement of the Problem
The problem is lack of proficiency in English is seen as a serious
contributor towards the scholar and teacher's oral contribution within
the schoolroom and through English teaching and learning session. In
lightweight of this case, several factors are known because the reason
behind such issue to occur among the scholar academics. Based on the
issues explained on top of, this subject best interests any difficulties
bearing on this issue for the teaching and instruction as a lecturer within
the school room.
128
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
Research Objectives
The purpose of this analysis is to analyse beginner teacher’s
perceptions, issues and experiences of speaking English within the
room. By distinctive these four components' students, perception,
difficulties, and ways that to beat this matter, students to beat the
barrier that exists.To find out concerning beginner teacher perception in
speaking English whereas doing their practicum and through lecture
hours within the room.To find out concerning beginner teacher’s
difficulties in speaking English whereas doing their practicum and
through lecture hours within the room. To propose suggestions on
however barriers and difficulties of speaking English within the room
are often decreased or eliminated.
Significance of the study
This study had been administered with the aim of knowing why
students in higher instructional establishments are less fascinated by
speaking English. They observed that almost all students learning in
educational activity establishments lack the interest to talk English,
particularly outside the room. One best method of mastering this
language is by victimisation it in our daily conversations. By
victimisation English language in our daily communications, students
are ready to improve their speaking skills throughout their practicum
and additionally throughout lecture hours.
Limitations of the study
This study had been conducted to the explanation for choosing them
because the respondents is thanks to the limitation of sources, age
factors, and also the time constraint. As we tend to area unit finding out
and also the undeniable fact that it's onerous for United States to induce
respondents from different universities, we tend to set to check our
students. This is proscribed to solely the respondents chosen as a result
of it's easier to distribute the form to them and recall it back later on.
Moreover, since we tend to don't have ample time to distribute and
analyse the form papers, selecting conjointly as a result of the subject of
my case study is closely associated with the respondents chosen.
129
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
Research Methodology
Research Method
Al Fadda, H. (2012). The examination was led in three stages. In looks
the authorization of four undergrad English instructing friends to notice
their exercises to disconnect the academic perspectives of the EFL
composing homerooms. This was embraced over a time of a quarter of a
year, involving one full term. Toward the finish of this period, we
mentioned them to work out the issues that, as indicated by them,
plague the educating learning circumstance. It focused on assessing the
composing capability of the student bunch. We managed a composing
test to eighty undergrads. The test was made out of two areas: One a
free composing exercise that required of them to portray their
accomplice in a historical review.
Population of the sample
Mitchell, K. M.et.al (2021). The motivation behind this investigation
was to create and test the Situated Academic Writing Self-Efficacy Scale
in light of Bandura's self-viability hypothesis and a model of socially
developed composition. A successive multi methods approach
comprised the techniques. The scale was approved in two investigations
with autonomous examples of 293 nursing understudies, and in an
interdisciplinary example of undergrad (N = 5863) and graduate
understudies (N = 252). The three distinguished components present a
design to the poll which is formative and can possibly recognize holes in
understudy self-surveyed capacity to dominate different features of
disciplinary composition.
Data Collection
Aunurrahman, A.et.al (2017). Here both subjective and quantitative
procedures were utilized to examine the information. The program was
utilized to acquire various sorts of illustrative insights and free example
t-tests from the quantitative information gathered by means of the poll.
A Qualitative information examination strategy was utilized at the
information gathered by means of the centre gathering interviews.
Understudies remarks and perspectives from the centre gathering
interviews were joined with the conversation of results get from the
survey for each exploration question where fitting. The examination
zeroed in on the similitudes and contrasts in the perspectives on both
Education and Humanities' understudies. The discoveries of the poll
130
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
were taken a gander at and dissected in a similar grouping as the four
examination questions were presented.
Data Analysis
 Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative ways emphasize objective measurements and therefore
the applied mathematics, or numerical analysis of information collected
through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating preexisting applied mathematics knowledge victimization machine
techniques. Quantitative analysis focuses on gathering numerical
knowledge and generalizing it across teams of individuals or to clarify a
selected development. Quantitative analysis measures attitudes,
behaviours, opinions and different variables to support or reject a
premise. This can be done by aggregation numerical knowledge, that is
well quantitative to spot statistical significance. Quantitative analysis
could be a methodology to live variables, analyze them and report
relationships amongst the studied variables through a numerical
system. Its objective is to know, analyze, describe and create future
predictions of a product or a service as a result of when understanding
the numbers, it becomes easier for folks to form appropriate changes. It
deals in objective, logic, and numbers and puts its specialise in focussed
reasoning and elaborate and unchanging information
Quantitative outcome analysis is usually conducted within the
research the applied mathematics strategies used higher than to gather
quantitative information from the analysis study. during this analysis
methodology, researchers and statisticians deploy mathematical
frameworks and theories that pertain to the amount underneath
question. Quantitative analysis templates ar objective, elaborate, and
plenty of times, even investigational. The results achieved from this
analysis methodology ar logical, applied mathematics, and unbiased.
information assortment happened employing a structured methodology
and conducted on larger samples that represent the whole population.
131
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
 Summary of Analysis
Fig 2 Commit mistakes in
Fig 1 struggle to use verb
using tenses
while writing
According to the bar chart examines the number of analysis is about
struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing, summarize the
information known about general skills. The highest number of students
40 percent were agreed. On the other hand, the lowest number of
students were both disagree and strongly disagree were in 5 percent.
Remaining 20 percent were strongly agreed,and 30 percent were
neutral.Overall, 100 percentage illustrated in the above bar chart, we
can see a clear upward in the amount of analysis about commit mistakes
in using tenses. The highest number of students 50 percentage were
agreed in the above bar chart. Remaining 20 percentage were neutral in
the state, 15 percentage were in disagree, 10 percentage were strongly
disagreed about this relative content, 5 percent were strongly agreed.
Fig 3 using difficulty in
conjunction
Fig 4 struggle to use
preposition
132
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
The bar graph provides information about the most Common
analysis about have difficulty in using correct conjunction 40 percent
were neutral in the related content, the remaining where 10 percent
were both strongly agree and disagree. 30 percent were agreed with
word using correct manner and 10 percent were strongly disagree
about this using conjunction is difficult. The bar chart examines the
number of analysis is about struggle to use apt preposition,30 percent
were agreed and neutral about this using preposition between the
sentence and remaining where 15 percent were disagreed, 10 percent
were strongly agreed, finally 5 percent were strongly disagreed about
using apt preposition above the chart.
Fig 5 making errors in
punctuations
Fig 6 error in using
capital and small letter
Overall, 100 percentage illustrated in the above bar chart, we can see
a clear upward in the amount of analysis about making anerror in
punctuation, here 30 percent were agreed and neutral in the above bar
chart. Remaining 20 percent were disagreed in the state, 15 percentage
were in strongly agree, and 5 percent were strongly agreed about this
relative content. The bar chart examines the number of analysis is about
some of errors are in uses of capital and small letters, summarize the
information known about general skills. Here 50 percent were disagreed
with this topic, and remaining 10 percent were both agreed and neutral,
30 percent were strongly disagreed, no one can be strongly agreed
above the bar chart.
133
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
Fig 7 Big challenge in using
vocabulary
Fig 8 Errors in uses of
singular and plural
The bar chart examines the number of analysis is about uses of
suitable vocabulary is a big challenge, summarize the information
known about general skills. Here 40 percent were agreed with this topic,
and remaining 30 percent were disagreed, 10 percent were neutral,
strongly disagreed and strongly agreed. Overall, 100 percentage
illustrated in the above bar chart, we can see a clear upward in the
amount of analysis about commit error in the uses of singular and
plural, 25 percentage were agreed in the above bar chart. Remaining 20
percentage were neutral in the state, 35 percentage were in disagreed,
15 percentage were strongly disagreed about this relative content, 5
percent were strongly agreed.
Fig 9 Errors in a lengthy
sentence
Fig 10 Error in active
and passive voices
The bar graph provides information about the most Common
analysis about making errors while constructing a lengthy sentence, 40
percent were agreed with the related content, the remaining where 30
percent were both strongly agreed and disagree. 20 percent were
disagreed with word using correct manner and 10 percent were
134
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
strongly disagree about this using conjunction is difficult. The bar chart
examines the number of analysis confused with uses of active and
passive voices, summarize the information known about general skills.
Here 50 percent were agreed and disagreed with this topic, and
remaining 25 percent were strongly agreed, 20 percent were strongly
disagreed, 5 percent were neutral in the active and passive voices
writing.
Fig 11 Difficulty while writing
Fig 12 Construction is
trial while reading
The bar graph provides information about the most Common
analysis about have difficulty to express exactly while writing, here 40
percent were disagreed in the related content, the remaining where 5
percent were strongly agreed. 20 percent were agreed with word using
correct manner and 10 percent were strongly disagree about this using
conjunction is difficult. 25 percentage were neutral. The bar graph
provides information about the most Common analysis about have
difficulty in using correct conjunction 40 percent were neutral in the
related content, the remaining where 10 percent were both strongly
agree and disagree. 30 percent were agreed with word using correct
manner and 10 percent were strongly disagree about this using
conjunction is difficult.
135
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
Fig 13 spelling errors in
writing
Fig 14 American and British
spellings
Overall, 100 percentage illustrated in the above bar chart; we can see
a clear upward in the number of analysis noticed lot of spelling errors in
writing 30 percentage were disagreed in the above bar chart. Remaining
20 percentage were bot neutral and strongly disagree in the state, 25
percentage were in strongly disagree, and 5 percentage were strongly
agreed about this relative content. The bar graph provides information
about the most Common analysis to get confused with American and
British spelling 20 percent were both neutral and disagreed related
content, the remaining where 25 percent were agreed with word using
correct spelling and 20 percent were strongly agreed about this using
difficult. 15 percent were strongly disagreed.
Fig 15 same word phrases
repeatedly
Fig 16 translation
mother tongue write
The bar chart examines the number of analysis is about uses the
same words and phrases repeatedly, summarize the information known
about general skills. Here 45 percent were agreed with this topic, and
remaining 30 percent were disagreed, 15 percent were neutral, strongly
136
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
disagree were in 5 percent. Here no one can strongly agree about using
same words. Overall, 100 percentage illustrated in the above bar chart;
we can see a clear upward in the amount of analysis of notice translation
from my mother tongue in my writing 40 percentage were agreed in the
above bar chart. Remaining 10 percentage were neutral, disagreed and
strongly disagreed in the state, 30 percentage were in strongly agreed.
Recommendation
Here focus on their inspirations for news their examination in
English, their composing strategies, past distributing encounters and
future needs for instructing in ERPP. The discoveries unconcealed
Associate in Nursing generally speaking positive point towards writing
in English, however challenges with explicit talk alternatives and with
the premier troublesome segments and parts of there were moreover
distinguished. The information got from this study should empower to
style training materials which will be of help to understudies of drug.
We will in general mastermind to confirm the correspondence troubles
really young looking by understudies and their previous encounters
once reportage their investigation in English. Inside the last half, we will
in general offer partner record of the members' particular inclinations
as far as future training wants, essentially the parts of instructive
composing that should get most consideration in an incredibly given
program, and the manner in which the program to be obtain.
Conclusion
This study has explored this state of affairs of students within the
concerning business enterprise in English medium. By suggests that of a
desire's analysis survey, examined attitudes, experiences and difficulties
with the publication of papers. The results actually purpose to a
generalised would like for coaching in specific areas of educational
writing and writing for publication functions. The responses to the
survey have additionally disclosed a pointy decline in journals that's
resulting in the progressive disappearance. In respect to this case, the
Informants have shown associate degree ambivalent attitude though
most respondents contemplate that business enterprise solely in English
is associate degree. Advantage for his or her careers, for the foremost
half they additionally understand disadvantage in their talents to speak
in English, not to mention the very fact that it's expensive and long. The
results obtained from the analyses of the responses can contribute to an
137
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
improved preparation of educational programmes specially designed to
handle the wants of researchers and novice writers within the field of
drugs. The most salient elements of such programmes ought to embody
a spotlight on discourse options of educational writing specific to the
(i.e. typical sentence length, ways that of expressing concepts clearly,
acceptable vogue, the way to organise paragraphs, grammar and
vocabulary), a special stress on the event of communicative speaking
skills.
References
1. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and problems
faced by students in the early stage of writing research projects in
L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Special
Education Research.
2. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication
in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 8(3), 243-264.
3. Lei, J., & Hu, G. (2019). Doctoral Candidates' dual role as student and
expert scholarly writer: An activity theory perspective. English for
Specific Purposes, 54, 62-74.
4. Huang, J. C. (2010). Publishing and learning writing for publication
in English: Perspectives of NNES Ph.D. students in science. Journal of
English for Academic Purposes, 9(1), 33-44.
5. Mafenya, P. N. (2014). Challenges faced by higher education
institutions in research skills development: a South African open and
distance learning case study. Mediterranean Journal of Social
Sciences, 5(4), 436.
6. Cheung, Y. L. (2010). First publications in refereed English journals:
Difficulties, coping strategies, and recommendations for student
training. The system, 38(1), 134-141.
7. Buckingham, L. (2008). Development of English Academic Writing
Competence by Turkish Scholars. International Journal of Doctoral
Studies, 3.
8. Cargill, M., O’Connor, P., & Li, Y. (2012). Educating Chinese scientists
to write for international journals: Addressing the divide between
science and technology education and English language teaching.
English for Specific Purposes, 31(1), 60-69.
138
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
9. Farooq, M. S., Uzair-Ul-Hassan, M., & Wahid, S. (2020). The opinion of
second language learners about writing difficulties in the English
language. South Asian Studies, 27(1).
10. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication
in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 8(3), 243-264.
11. Casanave, C. P., & Li, Y. (2015). Novices’ struggles with concepts and
work framing in writing dissertations and papers for publication.
Publications, 3(2), 104-119.
12. Al Mubarak, A. A. (2017). An investigation of research writing
problems level faced by undergraduate students at Al Imam Al
Mahdi University-Sudan. English Review: Journal of English
Education, 5(2), 175-188.
13. Haider, G. (2012). An insight into difficulties faced by student
writers: Implications for the teaching of writing. Journal of
Educational and Social Research, 2(3), 17-17.
14. Osman, T. M. (2017). Investigating Difficulties Facing Students at
Tertiary Level in Writing (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of
Science & Technology).
15. Al Fadda, H. (2012). Difficulties in academic writing: From the
perspective of King Saud university postgraduate students. English
Language Teaching, 5(3), 123-130.
16. Carhill, A., Suárez-Orozco, C., &Páez, M. (2008). Explaining English
language
proficiency
among
adolescent
immigrant
students. American Educational Research Journal, 45(4), 1155-1179.
17. Nuruzzaman, M., Islam, A. S., &Shuchi, I. J. (2018). An analysis of
errors committed by Saudi non-English major students in the
English paragraph writing: A study of comparisons. Advances in
language and literary studies, 9(1), 31-39.
18. Kassim, H., & Ali, F. (2010). English communicative events and skills
needed at the workplace: Feedback from the industry. English for
specific purposes, 29(3), 168-182.
19. Kabilan, M. K., & Khan, M. A. (2012). Assessing pre-service English
language teachers’ learning using e-portfolios: Benefits, challenges
and competencies gained. Computers & Education, 58(4), 10071020.
20. You, X. (2004). “The choice made from no choice”: English writing
instruction in a Chinese university. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 13(2), 97-110.
139
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.8
21. Rahman, M. S. (2020). The advantages and disadvantages of using
qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods in language
“testing and assessment” research: A literature review.
22. Al Fadda, H. (2012). Difficulties in academic writing: From the
perspective of King Saud University postgraduate students. English
Language Teaching, 5(3), 123–130.
23. Aunurrahman, A., Hamied, F. A., & Emilia, E. (2017). A joint
construction practice in an academic writing course in an
Indonesian university context. Celt: A Journal of Culture, English
Language Teaching & Literature, 17(1), 27-44.
24. Mitchell, K. M., McMillan, D. E., Lobchuk, M. M., Nickel, N. C., Rabbani,
R., & Li, J. (2021). Development and validation of the situated
academic writing self-efficacy scale (SAWSES). Assessing
140
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
CHAPTER -9
General problems faced by
academicians in paper writing
research
scholars
and
MEENAVOLU S B KASYAPA
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
meenavolukasyapa.sb2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Genç, B. & Bada, E. (2010) Every researcher work gets notified by the
other scholars or researchers in the worldwide if they published their
work in universal platform. At starting researchers publish the work in
different languages to get notified by the others because there is no
common language. Every country fallows their own language. But to do
like this researcher face problems like language compatibility. Later,
English is emerged as a main language whether as a first or secondary
language in worldwide even though Chinese is the most spoken first
language. At present scenario English become as a common tongue in
worldwide platform. So instead of publishing the paper in the different
languages publish only in English so that work will get notified in wide
range.Di Bitetti, M. S., &Ferreras, J. A. (2017)In recent years for writing
the research works for publishing English language become as a
mandatory factor. To test this theory authors considered six journals
research publication citations published in both English and non-English
languages. In this total 1328 articles had been analyzed. In these 728 are
published in English and 600 are published in non-English. According to
their finding citation of the paper is depending on the factors like
journal, size of the article, year of the publishing and language of the
article. In this probability of the citation is mainly depend on the
language Because articles published in English got high citations than
the articles published in non-English.Hawa, Fet.al. (2016) conducted a
survey on second semester students of English Department of
University of PGRI Semarang to know the common errors done by
students while writing the English paragraphs. This analysis done in 3
steps first collect the data second identify the errors and third describe
141
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
the errors. According to this analysis if I take errors are 100% then
errors division is first usage of verbs in the sentence formation. It takes
height priority. 28.2% errors occur at usage a verb. Second one is
subject and verb agreement on the singular or plural, these are
happening 27.7%. Third one is order of words in the sentence, it is
happening 8.21%. Fourth one is usage of capital letters at the starting of
the word, this type of errors happens 9.6%. fifth one is spelling mistakes
which happens 8.7%. Sixth one is usage correct pronouns for nouns.
generally, these type errors occur 4.8% times. Seventh one is
Propositions. It explains the relation between the noun and pronoun
which happens 4.3%. and eight and final one is usage of articles for the
noun which happens 3.8% times. These are the common errors occur
during English paragraph writing. These finding or derived according to
the sample data.Rao, P. S. (2019) if the English knowledge is good then
while writing the papers can use the passive and active vocabulary in an
efficient way. Can use the figure of speech in effective way.if the English
language skills are good then convey the purpose and objective of the
concept can be explained perfectly in a correct way. So that research
quality will be managed. Effective writing of the paper reflects the
quality of the research. Effective writing also used for researcher to
recollect the work he has done again. if the writing is not good
researcher unable to convey the works properly So, if again they want
review what is done up to now, it will not be good for review.Nedeva,
Vet.al. (2010). English Language plays a crucial role while writing a
research paper. If the researchers or scholars had written the paperin
their own language then there is a less chance to cite the paper, then
there will be no exposure to the work they have done. So,mostof the
researchers or scholars prefer to use English Language so that it can
exposed to the world because English is treated as a universal
language.Lai, C. C. et.al.(2006). While writing the papers in in English
Advantages and disadvantages between native and non-native English
persons is different. Nonnative English learners should depend on the
other resources like computer technology to achieve the goals. While
using computers some time it may expensive and need to understand
the computer applications to learn language very effectively.Flowerdew,
J. (2019). Scholars who having English as a second language are facing a
problem in writing a paper publishing it in the good journals due to their
insufficient knowledge in the English.So, it become as extra burden to
get the proficiency in the English knowledge.
142
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
Literary Survey
Thomas, C George. (2018) to publish Research work selecting the
right journal is essential. To select the Journal basic factors are first
Check for the Impact factor of the Journal.It will define the reputation of
the journal. Next check publication activity means Each journal having
its own criteria of publishing like weekly, monthly, or bi-annual
publication. Next Consider the area of Circulation like whether it is
national or international. Next Consider the Journal Language. Next
check Journal punctuality and is any cost involvement. And finally check
for the Accessibility.Amy M et.al. (2019) Journal Evaluation criteria are.
Scientific Rigor: If you are selecting the new Journals to publish then
check the previous publish work of the journal. In this previous work
check the Research and design methodology. Analysis of data, Results,
and discussion. It defines its scientific Quality. Editorial Quality: In the
editorial review check their suggestions like spellings, grammars and
punctations errors. Peer Review Process: It must maintain the
Transparency on the Peer review process like review process, selection
reviewers…etc. Editorial Board members, Authors rights and Copy
rights, Indexing Status.Jeffrey Beall(2012) Submit a Paper in the
Predatory Publication is a dishonest method. Verifying the Journal is
Predatory or not is the main aspect for researcher. These Predatory
Publishers main aim is to misguide the inexperienced Research scholars.
This type of journals creates the websites and advertise it as a genuine
Journal but if you observe the site, you can find lot of grammatically
mistakes. According to him main headquarters of these predatory
Publishers or located in the UK, US, Canada, or Australia. Some key
points to identify them is they may have lofty titles to attract more
people, they will accept almost every article which is communicated.
Very short time between communicating paper and publishing
paper.Recondo (2013) Papers published in Journals has more scope
than conference. Al Mansoori, Saeed provided some useful differences
between conference and regular Journals those are In Conference
Proceeding give very quick feedback compare to Journal papers.
Conference has less reviewers than Journal, so the feedback comes from
journals is very valuable. the Journal papers will get high impact factor
than the conferences. Journals has high quality papers with deep
analysis so because of this long process of review published papers of
journals may be get outdated.Bocar, A. C. (2013) said about the student
experience on their education. Students simply joining in college just for
143
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
degree certification. They attend college for enjoying with their friends.
They even do not have any idea about their future and chosen the course
as their friends’ suggestion, but not on their own effort of knowledge or
interest. They are not supposed to show interest on education or subject
to gain knowledge. By doing like this they do not know what they are
doing in college. Simply sitting in college for attendance and writing
exams for getting pass marks and finally getting a certificate of
degree.Lei, J., & Hu, G. (2015) The students should learn how to search
the papers related to their publishing paper to refer related data. This is
important to get knowledge about their research paper. Also selecting
paper among all search results and take as a reference. The result of this
research may be used as the one of the reading references for the
researcher which wants to conduct similar study related to this topic.
The findings of the study are expected as a consideration for other
scholars who plan to conduct the study focused on student’s problems in
choosing thesis.
Moses, R. and Mohamad, M. (2019) At present scenario English is
used as a common communication language for everyone. Many
Students problem in the academics is ability to write in English. Authors
write this paper by examining the students who are having English as a
second language. According to authors students’ main problems in
English writing are usage of vocabulary, errors in both grammar and
spelling and mainly no awareness to the importance of reading books
and articles. To overcome this problem students, need to adopt different
writing and learning strategies.UmuArifatulAzizah&AsepBudiman.
(2017) Authors Write this paper by considering the 20 students from
Indonesia. Writing a Research paper is very different from general
course papers in fact it is very difficult. These challenges may be
characterized in 3 different types. First one is Discursive changes which
are vocabulary, well written paragraphs, and citations, second one is
non-discursive changes it can called difficult factors like plagiarism,
mental and emotional factors and the final third one is other changes
like support from the university. Fortunately, I got good support from
my university.Swathi Ravichandran et.al. (2017) Proficiency in the
language is at most important factor in the student graduation
completion because of every college or university making a mandatory
to write a thesis or project work to finalize their work. So, efficiency of
writing in English and academic achievement are having strong
correlation. According to authors one of the main aspects of English
144
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
writing challenge is increase of expectations and it also depend on the
organization, flow of information and critical thinking.JuChuan Huang.
(2017) Authors write this paper based on the observation on NNES
(Non-native English-speaking) Scholars. They considered the aspects as
type written concepts and its outcomes, similarities in written text and
the and they mainly considered the difference between NES and NNES.
Regarding publication rate main difference between NES and NNEs is
language difficulty. This survey suggest that difference is caused by the
cultural differences and deficiency of knowledge in the language.to
overcome this problem take the help of professionals in the domain or
language.
Matin, M. A., & Khan, M. A. (2017) main problems faced by students is
in sufficient knowledge of the work, less experience, unavailability of
resources, in sufficient financial support and in proper guidance from
the superiors or instructors.To solve this problems in institutions
authors suggested methodology is to conduct a practical workshops
frequently, explain or give awareness to students on Research
methodologies, provide acceptable fund to the research work, provide
accessibility for facilities and establish a supervising by providing good
communication bridge between students and superiors.Widiastuti, Sri.
(2010) formulated mainly 3 problems for writing the research paper.
First one is students after finding the perfect research topic also they are
unable to achieve the goal or justify their research statement due to in
sufficient literature reviews and wrong methodologies. Second one is in
their research problem they unable to find or understand the key
concepts or features.So they are failing to implement the features in
correct way. Final one is failing to write the solutions to their problems
perfectly.Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019) the greatest hurdle for
research is lack of experience and training in the scientific methodology.
After examining 60 undergraduate final year students’ authors
suggested few problems for new researchers those are selecting the
appropriate or good topic, finding the suitable research methodology to
solve the problem, less motivation to write the research proposals,
insufficient knowledge about the specializations, in sufficient amount of
time to solve the problems and writing the research papers in the
second language.Bocar, A. C. (2013) Research should be conducted in an
accurate manner to look for new ways to finding the existing problems.
some of the problems for researcher is to present it in an attentive
manner. They must take enough time to complete all the phase of the
145
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
finding solution to the research problem. They must deal with the
personal problems like stress and dedication towards the work and
researcher must main the good relationship with superiors and data
providers. But the main aspect is time management.
Statement of the Problem
Researchers and Students for the recognition or for the more support
to their work they must publish in worldwide platform in the form of
paper writing.To recognised by the other researchers in the world paper
should be write in English only.Writing paper in English is a difficult
process for the writers whose mother tongue is not English. In this
paper addressed some of the problems faced by the writers in paper
writing.
Research Objectives
 Give an insight to the inexperienced scholars and academicians in
paper writing.
 Explain the importance of the English language skills.
 Common errors or areas to focus on while writing the paper.
 General problems faced while publishing the paper.
Significance of the study
Help the New Research scholars and academicians in paper writing
by explaining the different problems faced in writing.
Limitations of the study
Mainly focused on the people who has English as a second Language
and these findings referred only Indian writers. In my sample
papulation writers already have some knowledge in paper writing and
published some papers. So,this paper may not cover the new writers.
Research Methodology
 Research Method
Gable, G. G. (1994) Survey method is a quantitative approach. This
method mainly used if the data set is very large like for the multidisciplinary organizations, universities etc.…In this method first finalize
the appropriate data to be collected then choose the survey method
suitable for the problem Third formulate a questionnaire and do the
146
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
data analysis.To find the difficulties faced by the writers used a survey
method to collect the data.
 Population of the sample
Martínez-Mesa et.al. (2016) in the survey method for data collection
census and sampling are methods. But in census method there is some
issues like time taking process, budget constraints, ethical issues and
due to unknown population organizing the data collection is difficult. So,
it is appropriate to use sampling method for time and constraint
situations.In this for data collection, I adapted a sampling method. For
this sample I have taken the faculty of SENSE (School of Electronics
Engineering) Sensor & Biomedical Technology and Micro &
Nanoelectronics departments in VIT (Vellore Institute of Technology)
University, Vellore Campus. Total participants are 51.
 Questionnaire
Questionnaire formulated by considering the problems faced by the
fellow researchers in writing the paper and considering the papers
written by the other authors on the concept of problems faced in
research paper writing and academic paper writing.
 Data Collection
Lefever, S et.al.(2018) for the data collection main hurdle is reaching
to the targeted people. Data is collected from the students and faculty of
the university or schools. To reach them researchers collected their
email address and contacted them through online. In some cases,
schools provided the mail address. In some cases, approached the
teachers to collect the data from the students. So, For the Data collection
used a google form with 16 questionnaires.For all the questions
provided options Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly
Disagree. Forwarded this from link through mails. These mail ids of
faculty taken from the VIT University website. Total I got 20 responses.
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing.
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses.
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction.
4. I struggle to use apt preposition.
5. I make errors in punctuations.
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters.
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me.
147
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms.
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence.
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices.
11. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know.
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did.
13. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing.
14. I get confused with American and British spellings.
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly.
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing.
Data Analysis
 Quantitative Analysis
It is a mathematical and statistical method. Used to study behavior
and predict Outcomes for the decision-making process. It is also used as
an economic tool for business managements to analyze financial events
to take business decisions and make investments. So, it is used for the
evaluation of a financial instrument and predicting real-world events
such as changes in GDP.
 Summary of Analysis
A Survey has been conducted to find the difficulties faced while
writing research papers. For that over all 20 members data collected
from some researchers belongs to SITE schools of VIT university
through google form. according to the responses
Fig:1Struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
Fig:1 illustrates the struggle faced by researchers while writing
academic paper for using appropriate verbs in English writing.
According to this 40% researchers agreed that they are facing the
problem while using verbs and 45% researchers or not facing any
148
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
problem, but 15% researchers are in neutral positions so they may or
may not face problem in using verbs.
Fig :2 committing mistakes in using tenses
Fig:2 illustrates the mistakes happens while using tenses in writing
papers in English. According to this 40% researchers are facing no
problem using tenses and 45% of people are not facing any problem, but
15% researchers are in neutral positions so they may or may not face
problem in using tenses.
Fig:3 difficulty in using correct Conjunction
Fig:3 illustrates the difficulty faced while using conjunctions in
writing papers. According to this 35% researchers facing the problems
and 40% researchers are not facing any problem, but 25% researchers
are in neutral positions so that these 25% may or may not face problem
in using the conjunction.
Fig: 4 Struggle to use appropriate preposition
149
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
Fig:4 illustrates the researchers struggle in using appropriate
prepositions while writing papers in English.According to this only 25%
researchers are facing the problem. So most of the researchers are not
facing problems in Propositions usage.
Fig: 5 make errors in punctuations
Fig:5 illustrates about the sentence punctuation errors made by
researcher while writing paper in English. According to the result 45%
researchers are facing problems and 35% researchers are not facing any
problem, but 20% researchers are in neutral position.
Fig: 6 Errors in the use of CAPITAL and SAMLL letters
Fig:6 illustrates that some of the errors made by researchers in the
usage of CAPITAL and SMALL letters while writing papers in English.
According to the data most of the researchers (70%) not facing any
problems.
Fig: 7 challenge of using suitable vocabulary
150
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
Fig:7 illustrates the challenge in usage of vocabulary by researchers
while writing paper in English. According to this data most researchers
like 45% are facing difficulty in vocabulary usage. Only few like 25%
researchers are not facing any problems and 30% or neutral in this
situation.
Fig: 8 Errors in usage of singular & plural forms
Fig:8 illustrates about the errors sometimes noticed by researchers
while writing paper in English in usage of Singular & plural forms.
According to the collected data 35% researchers not facing problem and
45% are facing problem, but 20% are neutral in this position.
Fig: 9 Errors in long sentence formation
Fig:9 illustrates the errors made by researcher while constructing
lengthy sentence formation in English when writing paper. According to
the data 40% researchers are facing problems and 45% are not facing
any problems.
Fig:10 Not able to use proper active and passive voices
151
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
Fig:10 illustrates the researcher confusion of using passive or active
voice. Most of the researchers (55%) are not facing any problem and
10% are neutral.
Fig: 11 Difficulty in expressing
Fig:11 illustrates the researcher’s problem in expressing the meaning
of the data what they are writing in the paper in English. According to
the data very few (10%) are facing this problem. So many of the
researcher are easily express what they want to say in English.
Fig: 12 Sentence construction in is big trail while expressing
Fig:12 illustrates the big trial expression faced by researchers while
reading and sentence construction when writing paper in English. Most
of the researchers are in neutral position.
Fig: 13 Spelling errors in writing
152
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
Fig:13 illustrates about the spelling errors that are noticed by
researchers while writing paper in English and it is disagreed or highly
disagreed by 60% so many of the researchers not facing any problem in
writing correct spelling.
Fig: 14 confusion with American and British spellings
Fig:14 illustrates about the confusion of researcher with American
and British spellings while writing paper in English. According to the
data 70% of the researchers are facing this problem.
Fig: 15 repeated usage of same words
Fig:15 illustrates about the mistakes of researchers using repeated
words while writing paper in English and it is shown high in Neutral
almost 40% researchers.
Fig: 16 translation of mother tongue in writing
153
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
Fig:16 illustrates about the errors that were noticed by researchers
while translating their mother tongue into English sentence formation
and it is Agreed by the 35% researchers, 40% are disagreed and 25%
are in neutral
Recommendation
I recommend my fellow researchers to do the analysis on fresh
writers who has no previous knowledge on paper writing and provide
some solutions to the problems.For the extension of this in feature can
provide the analysis on different sections of paper like introduction,
literature review, analysis etc.…like the sections actual data to be filled
and common problems faced in each section writing.
Conclusion
In the present scenario English is treated as a universal language. So,
to get more exposure to our research we must publish the research
work in the English only.While writing a Paper in English most of the
writer facing problems in usage of conjunctions, verbs, tenses and
expressing the thoughts in writing.So, the writers should consider these
errors and take the appropriate precautions.
Reference
1. Genç, B. & Bada, E. (2010). English as a World Language in Academic
Writing. The Reading Matrix © 2010 Volume 10, Number 2,
September 2010. Retrieved from www.readingmatrix.com
/articles/sept_2010/bilal_genc.pdf.
2. Di Bitetti, M. S., & Ferreras, J. A. (2017). Publish (in English) or
perish: The effect on citation rate of using languages other than
English in scientific publications. Ambio, 46(1), 121-127. Retrieved
from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5226904/
3. Hawa, F., Sukmaningrum, R., &Carascalao, O. Y. (2016) What Errors
are Committed by Students in Writing English Paragraphs?Retrieved
fromhttps://fib.ub.ac.id/iconlaterals/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/Faiza-Hawa.pdf
4. Rao, P. S. (2019). Effective teaching of writing skills to the English
language learners. International Journal Of English Language,
Literature and Translation Studies (IJELR), 6(4), 196-205.Retrieved
from http://www.ijelr.in/6.4.19/196204%20Dr.%20-PARUPALLI
%20%20SRINIVAS%20RAO.pdf
154
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
5. Nedeva, V.et.al. (2010). Some advantages of e-learning in English
language training. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 8(3), 21-28
6. Lai, C. C., & Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). The advantages and
disadvantages of computer technology in second language
acquisition. Online Submission, 3(1).Retrieved from https://
files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED492159.pdf.
7. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or reality. Language
Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
8. Thomas, C George. (2018). Re: How can I select the most suitable
journal for publication of my paper?. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How-can-I-select-the-mostsuitable-journal-for-publication-of-my-paper.
9. Amy M. Suiter, MS, MLS, and Cathy C. Sarli, MLS, AHIP. (Nov-Dec
2019). Re: Selecting a Journal for Publication: Criteria to Consider.
Retrieved
from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6913840/
10. Jeffrey Beall. (12 September 2012). Re: Predatory publishers are
corrupting
open
access.
Retrieved
from:
https://www.nature.com/news/predatory-publishers-arecorrupting-open-access-1.11385.
11. Recondo, Miguel,Al Mansoori, Saeed. (2013). Re: Which is better, a
conference paper or journal publication? Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Which_is_better_a_conference_
paper_or_journal_publication
12. Bocar, A. C. (2013). Difficulties encountered by the studentresearchers and the effects on their research output. Proceeding of
the Global Summit on Education, 10.
13. Lei, J., & Hu, G. (2015). Apprenticeship in scholarly publishing: A
student
perspective
on
doctoral
supervisors’
roles. Publications, 3(1), 27-42.
14. Moses, R. and Mohamad, M. (2019) Challenges Faced by Students
and Teachers on Writing Skills in ESL Contexts: A Literature Review.
Creative Education, 10, 3385-3391.doi: 10.4236/ce.2019.1013260.
Retrieved
from:
https://www.scirp.org/
journal/
paperinformation.aspx?paperid=97129
15. Umu Arifatul Azizah & Asep Budiman. (2017). CHALLENGES IN
WRITING ACADEMIC PAPERS FOR INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION
AMONG INDONESIAN GRADUATES STUDENTS. JEELS, Volume 4,
155
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
Number
2
Retrieved
from:
https://core.ac.uk/
download/pdf/234095144.pdf
16. Swathi Ravichandran, Mark Kretovics, Kara Kirby, Ankita Ghosh.
(2017). Re: Strategies to Address English Language Writing
Challenges Faced by International Graduate Students in the
US.Journal of International Students, 7(3) Retrieved from:
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1140539.pdf
17. JuChuan Huang. (2017). Re: Strategies to Address English Language
Writing Challenges Faced by International Graduate Students in the
US.Journal of English for Academic Purposes 9 (2010) 33e44
Retrieved from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1140539.pdf
18. Matin, M. A., & Khan, M. A. (2017). Common problems faced by
postgraduate
students
during
their
thesis
works
in
Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education, 8(1), 2227.Retrieved
from:
https://www.banglajol.info/
index.php/BJME/article/view/32245.
19. Widiastuti, Sri. (2010). THE STUDENTS’ABILITY AND PROBLEMS IN
WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL (Doctoral dissertation,
Universitas
Pendidikan
Indonesia)
Retrieved
from:
http://repository.upi.edu/10207/
20. Qasem, F. A. A., &Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and problems
faced by students in the early stage of writing research projects in
L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Special
Education
Research.
Retrieved
from:
https://www.oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejse/article/view/2271
21. Bocar, A. C. (2013). Difficulties encountered by the studentresearchers and the effects on their research output. Proceeding of
the
Global
Summit
on
Education,
10.
Retrieved
from:https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/83bb/543f5bf6e9653da07f0
315cd14b9219fcb8e.pdf.
22. Gable, G. G. (1994). Integrating case study and survey research
methods: an example in information systems. European journal of
information
systems, 3(2),
112-126.Retrieved
from
https://eprints.qut.edu.au/5853/1/5853.pdf.
23. Martínez-Mesa, J., González-Chica, D. A., Duquia, R. P., Bonamigo, R.
R., & Bastos, J. L. (2016). Sampling: how to select participants in my
research study?. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 91(3), 326-330.
Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/pdf/abd/v91n3/0365-0596abd-91-03-0326.pdf.
156
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.9
24. Lefever, S., Dal, M., & Matthiasdottir, A. (2007). Online data collection
in academic research: advantages and limitations. British Journal of
Educational Technology, 38(4), 574-582.
157
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
CHAPTER -10
Importance of academic writing skills for students & research
scholars with respect to English language while writing
research paper
NANAVATH KIRAN SINGH NAYAK
Research Scholar, School of Electronics Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
nanavathkiran.nayak2020@vit.ac.in
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this paper is to understand about the importance of
English Language while writing research papers. This article explains
that English is widely considered and predominantly used
for writing academic or scientific research papers and English has been
the language of choice for many international scholarly journals.
Academic writings complex, formal, objective, explicit, hedged
and responsible.It is organized and planned precisely and accurately.
Simultaneously this paper presents that here searchers should have
command over the knowledge of English language in order to express
the irideas,opinions,hypothesis and insights about their research and to
disseminate their research findings and results to the people of related
research area.Natalia Fernández Díaz-Cabal, (2000) The significance of
this article is to present the importance of English knowledge while
writing Academic or research papers. In this article the author explained
about the benefits of writing and publishing of a research paper
in English Language which includes a worldwide projection in one's area
of research, more possibility of getting of potential readers and an
international recognition.Finally, the author mentioned some important
points related to writing and publishing academic or research
paperswhich includes style, clarity, good grammar and impeccable
wording are as important as content itself and a service that offers to
improve, modify or directly provide support in writing of academic
articles in English would be not only useful, but rather
mandatory.Academic English is a unique set of rules which should be
explicit,formal, factual, objective and analytical in nature.Simbwa, E.
158
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
(1987) The aim of this paper is to study about the types and frequency
of writing errors that we commit while writing in english language. In
this paper the author explained about the analysis of errors which are
committed by students, scholars, teachers while writing any article in
english language. This study shows that the students commit several
writing errors while writing in english which includes grammar,
vocabulary, sentence structure and rules of english language etc.
Additionally, the author explained about the types and frequency of
writing errors which includes improper use of articles and prepositions,
subject-verb agreement, word order, verb tense, singular and plural
forms, capitalization, spellings, fragments, demonstratives and irregular
verbs etc. Finally, knowing the writing errors is beneficial for students,
scholars, teachers as it provides them the necessary information about
language learning problems which can be employed to design and
prepare effective teaching materials and helps students to overcome or
avoid committing writing errors. Khayyam Ahmed Ghazali, (2003) This
article presents the importance and advantages of having good English
language knowledge while writing research papers. In this article author
explained that the English language is the predominant language of
academics all over the world, with a large amount of research
conducted, written and presented in English. English is the language of
science because the number of scientific papers written in English is far
more than the number of papers written in the native languages of the
researchers. The majority of countries usually conduct, compose and
publish their work in the English language. Academics and scholars that
have some knowledge of English frequently share their ideas and
findings with peers globally because of their mastery in English. For this
reason, having a knowledge of English is incredibly important to those
working in the scientific field. Flowerdew, J. (2019) The aim of this
article is to present the disadvantages of scholars who write in English
as an additional language while writing research papers. In this article
the author explained that the academics are coming under increasing
pressure to publish research papers or articles internationally. Given the
global dominance of English, this very likely means publishing in
English-medium journals and with publishers which publish in English.
This raises the important question of the possible disadvantage of those
scholars whose first language is not English and who therefore have the
additional burden of having to develop adequate proficiency in an
additional language, English. If we do not have basic english language
159
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
knowledge while writing research paper we will face many
disadvantages related to writing and publishing a research papers in
international journals, a worldwide projection in one's area of research,
more possibility of getting of potential readers and an international
recognition. Edwin, L. & Grundy, P. (1996) This paper presents a deep
study on the techniques and advantages of teaching effective writing
skills and discussed the importance of English as an international
language. English is the only language which is widely spoken all over
the world and it is the language used for various purposes such as
business, trade and commerce, international relationships, higher
education, travel and tourism, employment, scientific research,
engineering and technology and so on. More than 85 percent of the
scientific research is being done in English and most of the higher
education books are available in English.We need to have good english
knowledge while writing research papers because for writing and
publishing a research paper in international journals, a worldwide
projection in one's area of research, more possibility of getting of
potential readers and an international recognition are the advantages of
having good english language knowledge while writing research papers.
Finally, this paper has also disclosed the advantages of writing skills for
English language learners.
LITERATURE SURVEY
This paper presents deep study on problems faced by research
scholars regardingpublishing a research paper in a reputed sscientific
journal. In the present scenario publishers and research scholar are
facing variety of challenge related to ethic and rules of publication. while
publishing a research paper scholar are not following research and
publication ethics. In this paper the author explained about the
challenges faced by scholars and publishers while publishing a research
paper, but researchers are concerned with publication of their results in
a valuable journal with good impact factor. It is important for every
scholar to publish articles in the scientific journals in order to get
recognition for his/her work, earn his/her academic promotion, attract
new funds for new research, and maximize the effects on present and
future research.
Knight, L. V. (2008) The aim of this paper was to develop the ability
to understand and to guide the authors and research scholars when
selecting a journal for publishing their research paper and to address
160
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
the issues of how academic scholars can determine the optimum journal
for submission of their research work. Journal selection is most
important to academics because the submission and evaluation process
can easily take months and researchers are expected to submit a
manuscript to only one journal at any given time and the proper
selection of journal is critical for publication success. In this paper
author explained about the Comprehensive model of the journal
selection is developed and considered the three major categories they
are likelihood of timely acceptance, potential impact of the manuscript
and philosophical and ethical issues. This research has shown that
scholars across disciplines have substantial common interest with
respect to journal publishing and directed at the topic of journal
selection and no existing model to guide the Process.Pho, P. D. (2016)
The main objective of this paper is to present information regarding
obstacles faced by research scholars while publishing a research paper
in reputed Journals. Publishing a research paper is highly valuable in
contributing to the knowledge of a specific discipline. Based on the
quality of publication, one can know the research capacity of
researchers and the research performance of the university. The issue of
research and academic publications has recently gained a great deal of
attention from university administrators when comparing their current
research outputs. In this paper authors discuses about attitude towards
research and publication and the obstacles faced by research scholar to
publish research paper in domestic and international peer-reviewed
journals. Funding, time for research, time for writing and publishing are
the important obstacles to publish paper in domestic and international
journals.Warren, B. (2003) This paper summarizes about the current
challenges faced by the research scholars and authors while searching
the information for their research work and to provide access to the
scholars for searching the information and data related to their research
work in the area of scientific, Technical and medical field through
Electronic or print media. ln this paper author explained about the
barriers to be faced by scholars while taking data for their research
work and the dissemination of their findings and their subsequent
impact on society are depending on the success or failure of information
distributed in the electronic or print media. This paper covered the
topics which includes costs of publications, legal issues in production,
dissemination and use, defining publishing in the future and defining a
publication in the digital environment, to identify the recent technical
161
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
changes in publishing and to identify the need of the scientific,
engineering and medical that influence the decision of journal
publishers to produce journals in the digital platforms.
Ravichandran, S., et.al (2017) The objective of this paper is to present
deep study on writing challenges faced by research scholars and
Graduate students while preparing a thesis for their research work. The
writing challenges faced by scholars and Graduate students which
includes the issues with grammar and vocabulary, critical thinking,
plagiarism, linguistic fluency and accuracy have been widely reported in
the literature. In this paper author explained about the language
proficiency which contributes heavily to the success of graduate student.
This is because the graduate or research program typically have a
significant writing requirement such as a thesis or project with more
intensive expectations. Therefore, impact of any short come in English
language writing skills is exacerbated among research scholar or
graduate student and the writing expectations are much higher
compared to undergraduate course work. Singh, M. K. M. (2017) The aim
of this paper is to present insights into the different forms of adaptation
strategies employed by research scholars and graduate students to
overcome the challenges faced in the academic writing practices and
gain access to their disciplinary communities of practice at graduate or
research program level. In this paper the author explained about the
employment of adaptation strategies to overcome the challenges faced
in academic writing practices which includes enhancing their English
language proficiency, referring to non-formal advisory services and
improving their academic writing styles. The crucial role of academic
writing has been increasingly acknowledging in integrating desperate
ideas, synthesizing perspective and extending theory which demand a
higher-level construction skill, perspective taking and accuracy.
Academic writing is also intricately related to a student sense of self and
identity. In fact, writing aids in both developing and demonstrating
critical thinking skills and has been categorized as the exterior sign of an
interior thinking process.Cennetkuşu, N. G. (2017) The significance of
this paper is to examines the needs, means, and successful practices of
academic writing in english through comprehensive survey, In-depth
and samples of academic writing. In this paper author give us useful
information regarding the importance of English as a scientific language
among academic communities and a great emphasis is put on english
education where english is mostly used for academic
162
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
Writings.Therefore,the significant production of graduate studies such
as research article and dissertation are often required to be written in
english. The significant number of students not only required to write
for content classes but also undertake the challenges of producing such
long text as master's thesis or doctoral dissertations. It is also a fact
having a publication in english language is a requirement for academic
success. The results indicates that the students, scholars and professors
become conscious of each other's expectations and practices, higher
education through english language and by using english for academic
writings would most likely produce successful writers.
Matin, M. A. (2017) The aim this paper is study about the common
problems faced by research scholars and graduate students while
writing an article or thesis for their research paper. Writing a thesis or
dissertation serves as the first stepping stone in scientific writing. In this
paper author explained about the common challenges faced by research
scholars while writing their thesis which includes how to identify a
research topic and research problem, how to formulate the research
questions and objectives, how to design and implement a research, how
to manage and interpret data and how to report a research. In this study
thesis can be defined as the written product of a systematic study that
results from a period of supervised research at the university. In this
study the common problems identified were lack of student’s
knowledge, experience, commitment in thesis work, time constraints,
excess workload, lack of fund, inadequate and irregular meetings with
supervisors. Institute related problems were inadequate guidance and
resources of the Institute and inadequate cooperation from the
Institute.Al- Qaseri I. (2016) This objective of this paper is to explore the
challenges that are faced by research scholars and graduate students in
writing their research paper and research articles at an early stage of
their academic writing. Research, by its nature, is a critical challenging
task requires in depth knowledge of the subject matter, planning, care,
and hard work. This study explored various common challenges and
difficulties faced by scholars and graduate students during writing the
research proposals and projects such as: difficulty in deciding the topic
for research, lack of good knowledge of the methodology, inability of
finding modern, specialized and related references, lack of interest in
research, lack of understanding of the subject matter and lack of time.
Thisstudy also attempts to give some suggestions/recommendations for
developing the process of writing research proposals and research
163
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
projects.Mu, C. (2020) The main objectives of this paper is to present the
challenges and difficulties faced by research scholars while writing and
publishing in English. In this paper the author explained about how
much percentage of research scholar are using english language for
writing and publishing their research articles comparing to other
scholars while writing and publishing their research article in other
languages. Although most of the students acknowledged english as a
lingua franca in academic communities. Only 25.4% percent of the
students and scholars are preferring to write their research article in
english, while 51.7% percent of students were inclined to write in other
languages. More than half of the scholars reported that they have spent
too much time and effort in writing research articles in english than in
other language. Some of the participants reported that their submissions
were rejected for having research content inappropriate for the journal
and for identifying Unreliable research design and writing problems.
Finally, the participants in the present study reported that they had
limited experience with language editorial services and academic
writing or publishing skills training.
Statement of the Problem
The statement of the problem of this study shows that the problems
and challenges faced by students, research scholars and teachers when
using English language for their academic writing and shows the
importance of proficiency of the English language while writing a
research paper.
Research Objectives
The research objectives of this study are to focus on the importance of
proficiency in English language in the process of academic writing and
to have basic English language knowledge to students, scholars and
teachers while writing their research papers. Academic or research
writing is complex, formal, objective, explicit, hedged and responsible. It
is organized and planned precisely and accurately. The researchers
should have command over the knowledge of English language in order
to express their ideas, opinions, hypothesis and insights about their
research and to disseminate their research findings and results to the
people of related research area. For writing and publish a research
paper in an international journal we need to have good command over
English Language.This study shows that the students commit several
164
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
writing errors while writing in english which includes grammar,
vocabulary, sentence structure and rules of english language etc. For this
purpose, the students, scholars and teachers should have to gain
knowledge on English language's grammar, vocabulary, sentence
structure, subject-verb agreement and rules of English language for
better writing skills for the purpose of writing academic and research
papers. The students, research scholars, teachers should have basic
skills of English Language as well as the fundamental aspects of English
are grammar, vocabulary, punctuation and subject-verb agreement are
important and very much useful for Good academic writing.
Significance of the Study
The significance of this study will help us to understand what are the
difficulties faced by research scholars while writing their research paper
in English language and the importance of proficiency, accuracy and
writing skills of the English Language in the process of Academic
writing. This study focuses on writing skills of the students, scholars
who write their academic or research papers with reference to the
English Language. Academics and Institutions should focus on the
improvement of writings skills of research scholars in the process of
academic writing. It is important for the academics and institutions
authorities to focus on writing skills of students, scholars, teachers with
reference to English language on academic writing or academic
research.
Limitations of the study
This study is limited to the students and research scholars who are
pursuing their Ph.D. for improving the writing skills of academic or
research paper writing with reference to English language. In addition,
this study is also limited to teachers who are working in technical
Institutions for improving their writing skills of the English language for
teaching and writing academic or research papers.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method
Jackson, S.L. (2011) In this article the author explained about
Survey Method - The essence of survey method can be explained as
“questioning individuals on a topic or topics and then describing their
responses". In business studies survey method of primary data
165
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
collection is used in order to test concepts, reflect attitude of people,
establish the level of customer satisfaction, conduct segmentation
research and a set of other purposes. Survey method can be used in
both, quantitative, as well as, qualitative studies. Survey method pursues
two main purposes, describing certain aspects or characteristics of
population and/or testing hypotheses about nature of relationships
within a population. Survey method can be broadly divided into three
categories: mail survey, telephone survey and personal interview. The
descriptions of each of these methods are briefly explained as Mail
survey: A written survey that is self-administered, Telephone survey: A
survey conducted by telephone in which the questions are read to the
respondents, Personal interview: A face-to-face interview of the
respondent. Finally, In this article the author explained about the
advantages and disadvantages of survey method which are surveys can
be conducted faster and cheaper compared to other methods of primary
data collection such as observation and experiments, Primary data
gathered through surveys are relatively easy to analyses, In some cases,
unwillingness or inability of respondents to provide information, human
bias of respondents providing inaccurate information, differences in
understanding: it is difficult to formulate questions in such a way that it
will mean exactly same thing to each respondent etc.
Population of the Sample
In this section my population of the samples are teachers and
scholars from the department of Communication Engineering SENSE,
School of Electronics Engineering department. I have sent my
questionnaires to teachers and scholars to collect data from the SENSE,
School of Electronics Engineering and other departments. I have
collected samples of data from which I was sent questionnaires to
teachers and research scholars. Gall, M. D., et.al (1996) This study shows
that how samples are used to make inferences about populations.
Samples are easier to collect data from because they are practical, costeffective, convenient and manageable. Sample is a subset of people are
usually used to conduct studies. These subsets are called samples. The
samples are used to represent the population from which they were
drawn. The data we collect from samples are called statistics and are
said to be inferential. The first step in selecting a sample is to define the
population to which one wishes to generalize the result of study.
Unfortunately, one may not be able to collect data from his or her target
166
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
population. In this case an accessible population is used. If the latter is
used care must be taken not to generalize beyond the accessible
population. Finally, this article concludes A number of different
strategies can be used to select a sample. Each of the strategies has
strengths and weaknesses. There are times when the research results
from the sample cannot be applied to the population because threats to
external validity exist with the study. The most important aspect of
sampling is that the sample represents the population.
Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a research instrument that consists of a set of
questions or other types of prompts that aims to collect information
from a respondent.A research questionnaire is typically a mix of closeended questions and open-ended questions. It is very useful to
collect demographic information, personal opinions, facts, or attitudes
from respondents. One of the most significant attributes of a research
form is uniform design and standardization. It should be exploratory to
collect qualitative data. There is no restriction on questions that can be
in your questionnaire. It typically follows a structured flow of questions
to increase the number of responses. This sequence of questions is
screening questions, warm-up questions, transition questions, skip
questions, challenging questions, and classification questions.
Data Collection
In this section I have made some questionnaires to collect data
which is very useful for our research work and I created a google form
with questionnaires of multiple choices, I have sent the link of these
questionnaires to teachers and scholars of Sense and other department.
The questions with which I created a google form includes, I struggle to
use appropriate verbs while writing, I struggle to use appropriate verbs
while writing, I commit mistakes in using tenses, I have difficulty in
using correct Conjunction, I struggle to use apt preposition, I make
errors in punctuations, Some of my errors are in the use of Capital and
small letters, Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me,
Sometimes I notice errors in the use of singular & plural forms, I make
errors while constructing a lengthy sentence, I make errors while
constructing a lengthy sentence, I am confused with the use of active
and passive voices, I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence,
I am confused with the use of active and passive voices while writing, I
167
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
have difficulty to express what I know, Sentence construction is a big
trial for me while I express what I read or what I write, I notice lot of
spelling errors in my writing, I get confused with American and British
spellings, I use the same words and phrases repeatedly, I notice
translation from my mother tongue in my writing, with multiple choice
options, Agree, Strongly Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly
Disagree.Borich G. D. (2016) Data collection is a systematic process of
gathering observations or measurements. Whether you are performing
research for business, governmental or academic purposes, data
collection allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and original insights
into your research problem. Where methods and aims may differ
between fields, the overall process of data collection remains largely the
same. Before you begin collecting data, you need to consider the aim of
the research, the type of data that you will collect, the methods and
procedures you will use to collect, store, and process the data. The most
common method of data collection used by Educational researchers are
Tests, Questionnaires, Interviews, focus groups, observation,
Constructed, secondary and existing data. With these methods of data
collection researchers can have their part participants fill out an
instrument or perform a behavior designed to measure their ability or
degree of skill (tests), researchers can have research participants fill out
self-report instruments (questionnaires), researchers can talk to
participants in person or over the telephone (interviews), researchers
can discuss issues with multiple research participants at the same time
in small-group setting (focus groups), researchers can examine how
research participants act in natural and structured environments
(observation) etc. The strength and weaknesses of these methods of
data collection are provided in this article.
DATA ANALYSIS
Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis is a technique that uses mathematical and
statistical measurement, and research to understand behaviour.
Quantitative analysis a given reality in terms of a numerical value and is
applied to the measurement, performance evaluation, valuation of a
financial instrument, and predicting real-world events such as changes
in a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Quantitative analysis
provides analysts with tools to examine and analyse past, current, and
anticipated future events and any subject involving numbers can be
168
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
quantified; thus, Quantitative analysis is used in many fields including
analytical chemistry, financial analysis, social science, and organized
sports. In the financial world, analysts who rely strictly on quantitative
analysis are frequently referred to as "quants". There are many different
tools for collecting quantitative data through questionaries,
observations, focus groups, and interviews are among some of the most
commonly used techniques. In the financial services industry,
quantitative analysis is used to analyse investment opportunities, such
as when to purchase or sell securities. Investors perform quantitative
analysis when using key financial ratios, such as the price-earnings ratio
(P/E) or earnings per share (EPS), in their investment decision-making
process. Quantitative analysis ranges from the examination of simple
statistical data to complex calculations. While quantitative analysis
serves as a useful evaluation tool, it is often combined with the
complementary research and evaluation tool and it is common for a
company to use quantitative analysis to evaluate figures such as sales
revenue, profit margins, or return on assets (Will Kenton,2020).
Summary of Analysis
Fig.1
Fig.2
From the above analysis i.e., from fig.1,we can represent that out of
the total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars and
professors related to research survey on academic writing skills, eight
and six of them agree and strongly agree that they struggle to use
appropriate verbs while writing, three and zero of them disagree and
strongly disagree that they don’t have any problem to use appropriate
verbs while writing. Finally, two of them given response as neutral it
means that either they have or they haven’t struggle to use appropriate
verbs while writing.From the above bar graph i.e.,fig.2, we can represent
169
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
that out of the total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars
and professors related to research survey on academic writing skills,
seven and five of them agree and strongly agree that they commit
mistakes in using tenses, three and two of them disagree and strongly
disagree that they won’t commit any mistakes while using tenses.
Finally, two of them given response as neutral it means that either they
have or they haven’t committed mistakes in using tenses.
Fig.3
Fig.4
From the above fig.3, we can represent that out of the total no of
responses received from the teachers, scholars and professors related to
research survey on academic writing skills, eight and four of them agree
and strongly agree that they have difficulty in using correct conjunction,
one and two of them disagree and strongly disagree that they don’t have
any difficulty while using correct conjunction. Finally, four of them given
response as neutral it means that either they have or they haven’t faced
any difficulty in using correct conjunction.From the above analysis i.e.,
from fig.4, we can represent that out of the total no of responses
received from the teachers, scholars and professors related to research
survey on academic writing skills, ten and one of them agree and
strongly agree that they have struggle to use appropriate preposition,
one and one of them disagree and strongly disagree that they don’t have
any problem while using appropriate preposition. Finally, six of them
given response as neutral it means that either they have or they haven’t
faced struggle in using appropriate preposition.
170
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
Fig.5
Fig.6
From the above data analysis i.e., from fig.5,we can represent that
out of the total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars and
professors related to research survey on academic writing skills, seven
and two of them agree and strongly agree that they make errors while
using punctuations, four and one of them disagree and strongly disagree
that they won’t make errors in using punctuations. Finally, five of them
given response as neutral it means that either they have or they haven’t
made any errors while using punctuations.From the above bar chart i.e.,
from fig.6,we can represent that out of the total no of responses received
from the teachers, scholars and professors related to research surveyon
academic writing skills, three and two of them agree and strongly agree
that they make errors while using capital and small letters, five and five
of them disagree and strongly disagree that they won’t make errors in
using capital and small letters. Finally, four of them given response as
neutral it means that either they have or they haven’t made any errors
while usingcapital and small letters.
Fig.7
Fig.8
From the above bar graph i.e., fig.7,we can represent that out of the
total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars and
171
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
professors related to research surveyon academic writing skills, nine
and two of them agree and strongly agree that they face difficulty while
using suitable vocabulary, zero and one of them disagree and strongly
disagree that they won’t face any difficulty in using suitable vocabulary.
Finally, seven of them given response as neutral it means that either
they have or they haven’t faced any problem while using suitable
vocabulary.From the above bar chart i.e., fig.8, we can represent that out
of the total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars and
professors related to research surveyon academic writing skills, four
and two of them agree and strongly agree that they make errors while
using singular and plural forms, four and three of them disagree and
strongly disagree that they won’t make errors in using singular and
plural forms. Finally, six of them given response as neutral it means that
either they have or they haven’t made any errors while using singular
and plural forms.
Fig.9
Fig.10
From the above figure i.e., from fig.9,we can represent that out of the
total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars and
professors related to research surveyon academic writing skills, nine
and four of them agree and strongly agree that they make errors while
constructing a lengthy sentence, one and one of them disagree and
strongly disagree that they won’t make errors while constructing a
lengthy sentence. Finally, four of them given response as neutral it
means that either they have or they haven’t made any errors while
constructing a lengthy sentence.From the above analysis i.e., from fig.10,
we can represent that out of the total no of responses received from the
teachers, scholars and professors related to research survey on
academic writing skills, eight and three of them agree and strongly agree
that they confused with the use of active and passive voices, three and
one of them disagree and strongly disagree that they won’t confused
172
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
while using active and passive voices.Finally, four of them given
response as neutralit means that either they have or they haven’t
confused with the use of active and passive voices.
Fig.11
Fig.12
From the above bar chart i.e., from fig.11,we can represent that out
of the total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars and
professors related to research survey on academic writing skills, six and
three of them agree and strongly agree that they have difficulty to
express what they know while writing, three and one of them disagree
and strongly disagree that they won’t face any difficulty to express what
they know while writing. Finally, six of them given response as neutral it
means that either they have or they haven’t faced any problems to
express what they know while writing.From the above bar graph i.e.,
from fig.12, we can represent that out of the total no of responses
received from the teachers, scholars and professors related to research
survey on academic writing skills, eight and one of them agree and
strongly agree that they face difficulty in constructing sentences while
expressing what they read, one and one of them disagree and strongly
disagree that they won’t face any difficulties in constructing sentences
while expressing what they read. Finally, eight of them given response
as neutral it means that either they have or they haven’t faced any
difficulty in constructing sentences while expressing what they read.
173
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
Fig.13
Fig.14
From the above bar chart i.e., fig.13, we can represent that out of the
total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars and
professors related to research surveyon academic writing skills, three
and two of them agree and strongly agree that they notice lot of spelling
errors while writing, six and three of them disagree and strongly
disagree that they won’t noticed lot of spelling errors while writing.
Finally, five of them given response as neutral it means that either they
have or they haven’t noticed lot of spelling errors while writing. From
the above data i.e., fig.14, we can represent that out of the total no of
responses received from the teachers, scholars and professors related to
research surveyon academic writing skills, three and three of them
agree and strongly agree that they confused with use of American and
British spellings, three and one of them disagree and strongly disagree
that they won’t confused while using American and British spellings.
Finally, nine of them given response as neutral it means that either they
have or they haven’t confused with use of American and British
spellings.
Fig.15
Fig.16
174
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
From the above fig.15, we can represent that out of the total no of
responses received from the teachers, scholars and professors related to
research surveyon academic writing skills, nine and two of them agree
and strongly agree that they use the same words and phrases
repeatedly, one and two of them disagree and strongly disagree that
they won’t use the same words and phrases repeatedly. Finally, five of
them given response as neutral it means that either they have or they
haven’t confused with use of same words and phrases repeatedly.From
the above bar graph. i.e., from fig.16, we can represent that out of the
total no of responses received from the teachers, scholars and
professors related to research surveyon academic writing skills, five and
five of them agree and strongly agree that they notice translation from
their mother tongue while writing, zero and one of them disagree and
strongly disagree that they won’t noticed translation from their mother
tongue while writing. Finally, eight of them given response as neutral it
means that either they have or they haven’t noticed translation from
their mother tongue while writing.
RECOMMENDATION
I would recommend the researchers those who want to do research
in the same topic is that they should conduct research and focuses
mainly on writing skills of the students, scholars who write their
academic or research papers with reference to the English Language. I
would suggest the researchers those who want to do extension of this
research work, they should conduct research and focuses mainly on how
to improve academics writing skills of students and scholars which is
very useful while writing research papers. Academics and Institutions
should focus on the improvement of writings skills of research scholars
in the process of academic writing. It is important for the academicsand
institutions authorities to focus on writing skills of students, scholars,
teachers with reference to English language on academic writing or
academic research.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of this paper is to present the importance of
proficiency in English language in the process of academic writing and
to have basic English language knowledge to students, scholars and
teachers while writing their research papers. This study will help us to
understand what are the difficulties faced by research scholars while
175
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
writing their research paper in English language and the importance of
proficiency, accuracy and writing skills of the English Language in the
process of Academic writing. This study focuses on writing skills of the
students, scholars who write their academic or research papers with
reference to the English Language. Academics and Institutions should
focus on the improvement of writings skills of research scholars in the
process of academic writing. It is important for the academics and
institutions authorities to focus on writing skills of students, scholars,
teachers with reference to English language on academic writing or
academic research.
REFERENCES
1. Graddol, D. (2006) English as the global academic language
facilitates the international
mobility of young researchers.
2. Natalia Fernández Díaz-Cabal, (2000) The Importance (or Not) of
Writing in English in the Scholarly Context.
3. Simbwa, E. (1987) Investigating Writing Errors among University
Students in Uganda. International Journal of Applied Sciences,
6(2), 45-60.
4. Khayyam Ahmed Ghazali, (2003) Advantages of English language.
5. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or reality.
Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
6. Edwin, L. & Grundy, P. (1996) Writing about writing: Teaching the
process and achieving a product. Asian journal of English
language teaching, 6, 45-60.
7. Ajami, S., & Movahedi, F. (2013). Challenges for Authors and
Publishers in Scientific Journal.
8. Knight, L. V., & Steinbach, T. A. (2008). Selecting an Appropriate
Publication Outlet: A Comprehensive Model of Journal Selection
Criteria for Researchers in a Broad Range of Academic Disciplines.
International Journal of Doctoral Studies.
9. Pho, P. D., & Tran, T. M. P. (2016). Obstacles to scholarly
publishing in the social sciences and humanities: A case study of
Vietnamese scholars. Publications, 4(3), 19.
10. Warren, B. (2003, October). Current challenges and choices in
scientific publication. In Baylor University Medical Center
Proceedings (Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 401-404). Taylor & Francis.
176
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.10
11. Ravichandran, S., Kretovics, M., Kirby, K., & Ghosh, A. (2017).
Strategies to address English language writing challenges faced by
international graduate students in the US. Journal of International
Students, 7(3), 3-7.
12. Singh, M. K. M. (2017). International EFL/ESL master students’
adaptation strategies for academic writing practices at tertiary
level. Journal of International Students, 7(3), 620-643.
13. Cennetkuşu, N. G. (2017). International students’ challenges in
academic writing: A case study from a prominent US university.
Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 13(2), 309-323.
14. Matin, M. A., & Khan, M. A. (2017). Common problems faced by
postgraduate students during their thesis works in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education, 8(1), 22-27.
15. Al-Qaseri I. (2016) How to Write a Research Paper: Exploring the
challenges faced by Yemeni undergraduate students in writing
their graduation research projects. LAP Lambert Academic
Publishing, German.
16. Mu, C. (2020). Challenges Faced by Chinese Multilingual Scholars
While Publishing in English. In Understanding Chinese
Multilingual Scholars’ Experiences of Writing and Publishing in
English (pp. 89-105). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
17. Jackson, S.L. (2011) “Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical
Approach”, 4th edition, Cengage Learning, p.17.
18. Gall, M. D., Borg, W.R., & Gall, J.P. (1996). Educational Research: An
Introduction. White Plains, NY: Longman.
19. Borich G. D. (2016). Observation skills for effective teaching:
Research-based practice. New York NY: Routledge
20. Hausmann, L., Murphy, S. P., & Publication Committee of the
International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN). (2016). The
challenges for scientific publishing, 60 years on. Journal of
neurochemistry, 139, 280-287.
177
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
CHAPTER -11
Significance of English Writing Skills in the Development of
Researchers
NANDA KISHORE K V
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
nandakishore.kv2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Medwell, J., Wray.et.al (2020) It is clear that English Language has
become more dominant around the world. when writing a sentence, it is
important to recognize that the front of the sentence. It has more
information. At the front of the sentence we ned to focus on key
thoughts. Whatever the writer feels about the important information
need to write at the beginning. In English language writer can use simple
words.Language is one area researchers often struggle with when
writing a research paper. Academic writing adheres to the formal,
objective, impersonal and technical style of writing. Many countries
throughout the world where English is the official language. Many
papers are related to English. we can get pure and raw information
related to our work.
Derewianka, B. (2012)Writers have to control the excessive use of
passive verbs. They have to change regarding inconsistency of writing.
Because English is used all over the world by the speakers of many
languages because of its multiple uses and benefits in different human
activities. Therefore, it is important and beneficial in many aspects.
English is an international language that provides us with the access to
the vast stores of knowledge, is used in international program. Here half
of the world’s important books on Research books, philosophy and
economics etc., are written in English. If we read them, we can widen
and deepen our knowledge which ultimately enhances our
understanding. When we publish something about our research in
English, it will be read by many people in the world and they will be
attracted by our ideology and will get appreciation.
178
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
H Crompton, P. (2011). Here, subject-verb agreement where a
singular subject goes with a singular verb whereas plural subject goes to
plural verbs. Secondly comma splice it is a term used to describe the
linking of two independent clauses that means phrases that have both
subject and verb with a comma. Third one Apostrophe it can change
pronouns to verbs. Question formation is also an important aspect while
writing the paper. The main important one is unnecessary capitalization.
If you writing a text there are only three cases to capitalize that is first
word in the sentence, name of the objects. Using ampersand in texts.
Replacing full stops with commas. Using uncommon greetings and
ending in e-mails. These are the most commonly used errors that we
commit while writing with reference to English.
Nedeva, V., & Dimova, E. (2010)The first reason why we should have
knowledge in English because English is the language which spoken
worldwide. People do understand and speak as a second language in
many countries. English is a global language. English will open a world
of new opportunities. If we have a good level of knowledge in English
regarding writing we can write effectively and it is very helpful. Good
English writing will make you a hot property. We have to be careful
while preparing the key phrases. We want to make sure that we have to
compare in the same way at the same time and contrast on the contrary
however giving examples for instance to illustrate. Ahmadi, D., & Reza,
M. (2018) Here the writer perspective is to generalize overall all things
considered to express certainty undoubtedly to express partial
agreement in a way to some extent. Finally, Time is an important thing
that if we are good at English writing then automatically, we can easily
express our way regarding the ideology. Expressing our raw thoughts
are also very easy while writing our research related topics.If we are
good at English writing skill, we can express more ideas related to our
work. The paragraph is the most important unit of a well-written essay.
The paragraph has a specific structure and standards that make it
effective and enjoyable to read. In this writing lesson we will look at
how to construct good paragraphs and improve writing with better flow
and clarity.
Flowerdew, J. (2019)The main disadvantage is we can’t explore what
we are thinking regarding our work. It won’t improve ability to
multitask. if you are not giving full attention related to the multitasking.
If we don’t have basic English knowledge there is no chance to improve
decision making skills. Because initial idea is the main thing we have to
179
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
express. Initially the thought process and ideas are discussed while
making a decision. Florence Ma, L. P. (2012). English proficiency and
higher socioeconomic origin of the researcher. Overall, this study
exhibits the negative consequences of English that preserves the global
gap in science. Although having a common language is important for
science communication, generating multilinguistic alternatives would
promote diversity while conserving a communication channel. We can
easily maintain basic grammatical construction regarding the thought. If
we don’t have any basic knowledge regarding English it is very hard to
refine our analysis regarding our course work. Finally, if we have good
knowledge in English we can easily write in our own language without
any plagiarism.
Literary Survey
Qasem, F. et. al (2019) Here, Lack of a scientific training in
methodology of research is a great obstacle for researchers. There is
insufficient interaction between university research departments on one
end and business establishments, government departments on the
other. Businesses do not have the confidence that the material supplied
by them to researchers will not be misused and such they are often
unwilling in supplying the needed information to researchers. Because
the industry persons are not sharing enough knowledge. Industry
person is the recruiter; he is the person who is facing problems of
technology. He knows each and every move in the market. Industry
persons have good knowledge regarding functional requirements.
Researchers should know about Functional point analysis. Here the
main problem is lack of interest in research and lack of understanding
technical stuff. Finally, Industry persons should interact with
researchers and they should give awareness about current situation in
the market.so that researchers can easily grab knowledge in real time
environment. This study is used to enhance the process of writing
research proposals.
Bocar, A. C. (2013) In this paper, Research is conducted to solve a
particular matter. This is to be done in an accurate manner to look for
new comprehension skills. Researcher must be attentive. They must
have more time to complete every phase of the activity. Here student
researchers also felt that those personal problems like time and stress
management may disturb their concentration. Student researchers
should maintain healthy relation with their survey. The main focus in
180
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
this paper is Time management. The time management is valuable and
this leads to setting goals and understanding severity of the problem.
Once they follow time management perfectly then automatically, they
can reduce stress technically and personally. Time management is
completely depending on the environment. Researchers should
maintain healthy atmosphere while doing work. Stress is the key point
found to finish Work. Finally, they concluded time and stress
management may disturb their related work.
Akyürek, E et.al (2018) Here, Research is the process where new
knowledge is created. We discover and innovate and we apply solution
to the problem. In this paper, one of the biggest problems that
researchers encountered is that they do not have adequate training
before they undertake research. Many of the time people driven to the
research process and realize that some amount of training in data
collection, analysis all of this would have help to do a better research.
This is a problem which most researchers encountered. Because of that
they become very dependent on statistics. There are number of
overlapping studies researchers. Lack of assistance in things like data
entry formatting and editing and they are unable to get analyze in a right
way. In the final stage researchers lost their confidence on the part of
business units.
Aedh, Aet.al. (2019) In this review, the problems facing by the
research scientists is the chasing of knowledge scarcity of resources lack
of motivation, lack of ground training, guidance and supervision. If
researchers don’t have well equipped library or they don’t subscribe to
enough good journals and things, this becomes very tough. Time and
money are two major aspects they have to balance these two main
aspects while subscribing the sites or channels. Library management
and functioning should satisfactory. Analysis should be done sufficiently.
After the result they should do perfect analysis. Main problem is lack of
scientific training. Technical interaction leads to quality and innovative
ideas. Here, because of fewer interactions and less discussions they have
no proper inventions. This leads to unsatisfactory results. To achieve
that, they have to build transparency into the research process. Effective
Learning and training are also be considered.
TEkpoh, U. I. (2016) This study indicates that students should
constitute a core aspect of research program and proper attention while
attending skill enhancement seminars and workshops on graduate
thesis supervision. This will enhance quality of research. The common
181
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
problem while doing a research is making a research questionnaire too
broad or too narrow this happens if they pick a topic, if it is too big have
mention more information. And have capability to handle that
information. Or it is too small doing have enough information to do a
research. Inability to find quality materials. Critical thinking is necessary
to gain proper research. Leadership problems are existing while doing
the research. It is often difficult to figure out who is responsible for
doing the research. Don’t wait for others to get the research done or do
it for you. This struggle is normal, and they often have several iterations
of getting clarity of thought during any research program. The needs of
students should constitute a core aspect of that programmed and proper
attention should be given wisely.
Matin, M. Aet.al. (2017) Here, many researchers faced the difficulty
of adequate and timely secretarial assistance this causes unnecessary
time delay in the completion of Research. Library functioning is not
satisfactory. There is an insufficient interaction between the university
departments and research institutions on the other side. There is a need
for developing some mechanisms of a university. Most of the business
units in their country do not have confidence that the material supplied
by them to researchers will not be misused. Problem of
conceptualization and also problems related to the process of data
collection and related things.
There is need for developing a code of conduct for researchers.
Efforts should be made for regular and speedy supply of all government
publications to reach their libraries.The library plays an important
role in the process of connecting users to information goes beyond
making content discoverable. New skill sets such as data management
are necessary for librarians to stay ahead of research trends and provide
users means researchers with the most relevant content in this era of
information overload.
Problems with writing in English
Alfaki, I. M. (2015)In this paper, they concentrated on student writing
problems in university. Here, students are selected by using simple
random sampling procedure. Most of the students are facing regarding
spelling mistakes. There are two ways in Finding spelling mistakes, once
a week practice writing and trying to find spelling mistakes or else ask
someone to read the related work and make errors. Type the related
work in office tools. This way the students can identify the errors.
182
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
Second one, Review the spellings regularly make one day of the week as
improvement day regarding spellings. Main problem they have
identifies is Inconsistency in writing errors in sentences related to
comparison.
Moses, R. N. et.al. (2019) This study is used to traverse the
challenges faced by the students and teachers in learning. The common
errors they have identified in a set of students are sentence fragments
and sentence sprawl. In sentence fragments make sure that each word
has punctuated as a sentence contains a grammatically complete and
independent thought that can stand alone as an acceptable sentence.
Here they used one technique that is quality of writing. This improves
writing and composition issues like correct grammar effective style and
concise sentences. Here the main technique is nothing but writing on a
daily basis will helpful to identify mistakes.
Klimova, B. F. (2012)This paper will be helpful to acquire good
writing skills. This study concluded that students should have
consistency in writing. Having fun writing by making the topics relatable
for their personal thoughts. Basically, this will improve the quality of
writing. After completion of writing try to read it aloud at least two
times. Listen to what you are reading, use words what you know even if
they are simple words. Seminar papers, essays or professional are also
will helpful for better identification.
Thomas, M. et.al. (2017). The main content is to identify the
elements regarding writing. Writing is a skill the only way to improve is
to practice number of sessions regarding writing modules. Free writing
practice is a best practice for improving writing ability. Here the
technique is students have to start daily writing basis. They have to try
to write for fifteen minutes daily and they have to identify exact issues.
Writing about the topics which they are interested. Read daily articles
and summarize in a general way. This is the way they can easily improve
their writing skills.
183
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
Problems while writing research paper
Widiastuti, S. (2010). This study narrates the problems in writing a
research paper. The common problem is writing a research paper
without selecting a accurate journal and without knowing correct usage
of the tenses. For example, when they select journal, the following
contents they can noticed like writing style, reference style and
vocabulary level. Writing research paper without understanding its
contents also the major problem. They should interact to co-researchers
and have to explore. The solution to solve the problems is guidance,
assistance, and explicit teaching for the students.
Ilham, M. P. at.al (2014). This study implements the problems of
students in writing academic paper especially research proposal and to
find out the proper techniques in writing research proposal. Here the
main problem is writing research proposal without stating the
relevance. They should make an international relevance clear. Start
research paper with a research question in mind. At tertiary level,
Academic writing shows their ability and problems in writing. Finally,
they should have a proper guidance regarding the research writing. So
that, they can easily identify the problems in writing a good research
paper.
Widiastuti, S (2015) In this paper, the result from the analysis of the
student’s research proposal are defined and analyzed into two points.
The first point is associated with the elements of the research proposal.
Writing a paper that leaves many methodological questions like
credibility and validity. The second point is associated with the
linguistics features. They have to specify the study design and should
describe the sampling strategy. Students should avoid lengthy
background information while writing a research they should avoid
incomplete sentences. This study gives guidance in Academic research
writing.
Yusuf, M. (2013). Here, most of the students faced problems in
research writing. They identified some problems like writing research
papers without interpretation of the findings, and writing research
papers without discussing the problems related to their topics. Here,
students should not use abbreviations they should write complete
words and also, they should narrow the scope that is being specific
about what included in the paper. Students have to follow the structure
style of paper to which they are applying many papers demand
structural abstracts. Finally, this study avoids insufficient background
184
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
data and inappropriate literature by using the effective research
techniques.
Research Objectives
Research Objectives should be presented briefly and concisely. They
should be presented in logical sequence. They should be realistic e.g.,
achieved within the expected timeframe, achieved within the available
resources. They should be phrased in operational terms i.e., in a way
that brings the organization closer to its business objectives. They
should use action verbs that are specific enough to be evaluated or
measured. They should be static once the study work begins i.e.,
objectives should not be moving targets.
Significance of the study
English language is really considered as a significant language since
it has been used for communicating worldwide. Therefore, learning
English is very common in many countries and language learning styles,
especially reading styles are learned differently by students in
globalization. More importantly, language learning styles are the core
factors that help decide how the students learn a foreign language.
Limitations of the study
It is for sure that our research will have some limitations and it is
normal. However, it is critically important for you to be striving to
minimize the range of scope of limitations throughout the research
process. Also, we need to provide the acknowledgement of your
research limitations in conclusions chapter honestly.It is always better
to identify and acknowledge shortcomings of our work, rather than to
leave them pointed out to you by your dissertation assessor. While
discussing your research limitations, don’t just provide the list and
description of shortcomings of our work. It is also important for you to
explain how these limitations have impacted your research findings. Our
research may have multiple limitations, but we need to discuss only
those limitations that directly relate to your research problems.
185
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
Research Methodology
 Research Method
Zainal, Z. (2007) The purpose of research is to inform action.Our
study should seek to contextualize its findings within the larger body of
research. Research must always be of high quality in order to produce
knowledge that is applicable outside of the research setting.
Furthermore, the results of our study may have implications for policy
and future project implementation.The research approach is a plan and
procedure that consists of the steps of broad assumptions to detailed
methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
 Population of the sample
Martínez-Mesa, J. et.al (2016). In social science and educational
research, practically it is not possible to a researcher to approach all the
individuals\elements in a population for the purpose of data collection.
Instead they select and approach a representative group of
individuals/elements who falls under the particular population to
collect needed information regarding the group. Based on the results,
the researcher generalizes the characteristics of the representative
group as the characteristics of population. This 2 small group or
representative group from a population is called as sample. My Sample
is from teachers that is from department of mathematics in the school of
advanced science. I have sent my questionnaires to collect data from 36
samples. After sending questionnaires I will collect different responses.
If the responses are enough or not up to my reach, then I will put
reminders and finally I will collect samples regarding the responses.
 Data Collection
Martínez, I. M. P. (2020). Data collection is defined as the procedure of
collecting, measuring and analyzing accurate insights for research using
standard validated techniques. A researcher can evaluate their
hypothesis on the basis of collected data. In most cases, data collection is
the primary and most important step for research, irrespective of the
field of research. The approach of data collection is different for
different fields of study, depending on the required information.
186
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
Questionnaire
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
4. I struggle to use apt preposition
5. I make errors in punctuation's
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular &amp; Plural forms
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
11. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
13. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
14. I get confused with American and British spellings
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
Finally, I got 23 responses for the G-form from different research
scholars School of Math.
Data Analysis
Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming,
and modelling data with the goal of discovering useful information,
informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. Data analysis
has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques
under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science, and
social science domains. In today's business world, data analysis plays a
role in making decisions more scientific and helping businesses operate
more effectively.
Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis (QA) is a technique that uses mathematical
and statistical modelling, measurement, and research to understand
behaviour. Quantitative analysts represent a given reality in terms of a
numerical value. Quantitative analysis is applied to the measurement,
performance evaluation, valuation of a financial instrument, and
187
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
predicting real-world events such as changes in a country's gross
domestic product (GDP).



Quantitative analysis (QA) is a technique uses mathematical and
statistical modelling, measurement, and research that to understand
behaviour.
Quantitative presents reality in terms of a numerical value.
Quantitative analysis is used for the evaluation of a financial
instrument and predicting real-world events such as changes in GDP.
Summary Analysis:
From this analysis, I tried about what are the major or minor
problems faced by the research scholars while writing a research paper
through sharing a google form to above 20 scholars of Maths
department, VIT university, Vellore, with some questions having choice
with multiple options.
1)I struggle to use appropriate verbs
while writing
8
4
3
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
5
3
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 1
The above figure represents that 20% of the scholars are neutral for
struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing their research
paper,40% Agree and 20% of them are disagree to the statement.
188
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
2) I commit mistakes in using tenses
10
5
4
4
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Fig: 2
The above figure represents that 25% of the scholars are neutral for
Commit mistakes in using tenses. while writing their research
paper,20% Agree and 20% of them are disagree to the statement.
3) I have difficulty in using correct
Conjunction
8
6
4
4
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Fig: 3
The above figure represents that 30% of the scholars are neutral for
having difficulty in using conjunction while writing their research
paper,30% Agree and 20% of them are disagree to the statement.
189
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
4) I struggle to use apt preposition
11
6
4
1
1
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 4
The above figure represents that 20% of the scholars are neutral for
struggle to use apt preposition while writing their research paper,55%
Agree and 30% of them are disagree to the statement.
5) I make errors in punctuations
6
6
5
5
1
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 5
The above figure represents that 25% of the scholars are neutral for
making errors in punctuation while writing their research paper,30%
Agree and 30% of them are disagree to the statement.
190
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
6) Some of my errors are in the use of
CAPITAL and SMALL letters
9
7
4
1
Strongly
Agree
2
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 6
The above figure represents that 20% of the scholars are neutral for
errors which are used in Capital and Small letters while writing their
research paper,10% Agree and 45% of them are disagree to the
statement.
7) Use of suitable vocabulary is a big
challenge for me
Series1
10
6
5
1
Strongly
Agree
1
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig : 7
The above figure represents that 50% of the scholars are neutral for
using of suitable vocabulary while writing their research paper,25%
Agree and 30% of them are disagree to the statement.
191
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
8) Sometimes I notice errors in the use
of Singular & Plural forms
7
8
Neutral
Disagree
5
3
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 8
The above figure represents that 35% of the scholars are neutral for
struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing their research
paper,15% Agree and 40% of them are disagree to the statement.
9) I make errors while constructing a
lengthy sentence
Series1
10
6
4
3
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 9
The above figure represents that 30% of the scholars are neutral for
struggle to make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence while
writing their research paper,50% Agree and 20% of them are disagree
to the statement.
192
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
10) I am confused with the use of active
and passive voices
9
5
4
2
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
3
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 10
The above figure represents that 45% of the scholars are neutral for
confusion with the use of active and passive voices while writing their
research paper,20% Agree and 25% of them are disagree to the
statement.
11) While writing, I have difficulty to
express what I know
Series1
1
Strongly Agree
7
6
6
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
3
Agree
Fig: 11
The above figure represents that 35% of the scholars are neutral for
struggle having difficulty to express what they know while writing their
research paper,15% Agree and 30% of them are disagree to the
statement.
193
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
12) Sentence construction is a big trial for
me while I express what I read or what I
did
7
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
8
4
Neutral
4
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 12
The above figure represents that 20% of the scholars are neutral for
struggle for what they express and what they read or what they did,
while writing their research paper,35% Agree and 40% of them are
disagree to the statement.
13) I notice lot of spelling errors in my
writing
7
7
7
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
2
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
Fig: 13
The above figure represents that 35% of the scholars are neutral for
Notice a lot of spelling errors while writing their research paper,10%
Agree and 35% of them are disagree to the statement.
194
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
14) I get confused with American and
British spellings
Series1
10
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
6
5
Neutral
Disagree
2
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 14
The above figure represents that 30% of the scholars are neutral for
getting confusion with American and British spellings while writing
their research paper,50% Agree and 25% of them are disagree to the
statement.
15) I use the same words and phrases
repeatedly
7
8
5
3
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 15
The above figure represents that 35% of the scholars are neutral for
using same words and phrases repeatedly while writing their research
paper,25% Agree and 40% of them are disagree to the statement.
195
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
16) I notice translation from my mother
tongue in my writing
10
7
3
1
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
2
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 16
The above figure represents that 15% of the scholars are neutral for
noticing translation from my mother tongue while writing their research
paper,35% Agree and 50% of them are disagree to the statement.
Recommendations
This work is mainly concentrated on the problems facing by the
research scientists is the chasing of knowledge scarcity of resources lack
of motivation, lack of ground training, guidance and supervision.
However, we would recommend to acquire good writing skills and also
given some suggestions like,read daily articles and summarize in a
general way and also Writing is a skill the only way to improve is to
practice number of sessions regarding writing modules. Hence, they can
easily improve their writing skills.
Conclusion
The main aim of work is problems faced by the new researchers
while writing research papers. After understanding some problems in
literature, we have conducted some survey method regarding data
collection. Some questions are sent to particular group of members after
that we have collected responses. In that responses we have mainly
observed that confusion regarding high rates of spelling errors and
committing errors while using punctuations were highly found in
responses. These problems will easily be solved when researchers
are,they have to build transparency into the research process,they
should have a proper guidance regarding the research writing. Effective
196
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
Learning and training are also be considered So that, they can easily
develop writing skills regarding a good research paper.
References:
1. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research
2. Bocar, A. C. (2013). Difficulties encountered by the studentresearchers and the effects on their research output. Proceeding
of the Global Summit on Education, 10.
3. Akyürek, E., & Afacan, Ö. (2018). Problems Encountered during the
Scientific Research Process in Graduate Education: The Institute of
Educational Sciences. Higher Education Studies, 8(2), 47-57.
4. Aedh, A., & Elfaki, N. K. (2019). Challenges Confronting Scientific
Research: A Systematic Review.
5. Ekpoh, U. I. (2016). Postgraduate studies: The challenges of
research and thesis writing. Journal of Educational and Social
Research, 6(3), 67.
6. Matin, M. A., & Khan, M. A. (2017). Common problems faced by
postgraduate students during their thesis works in
Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education, 8(1), 22-27.
7. Alfaki, I. M. (2015). UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ENGLISH WRITING
PROBLEMS: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY.
8. Moses, R. N., & Mohamad, M. (2019). Challenges faced by students
and teachers on writing skills in ESL Contexts: A literature
review. Creative Education, 10(13), 3385-3391.
9. Klimova, B. F. (2012). The importance of writing. Paripex-Indian
Journal Of Research, 2(1), 9-11.).
10. Thomas, M. (2017). An Investigation Of The Influencing Factors
Affecting Students’ writing Skill:The Case Of Hawas Preparatory
School (Doctoral dissertation).
11. Widiastuti, S. (2010). THE STUDENTS’ABILITY AND PROBLEMS IN
WRITING A RESEARCH (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas
Pendidikan Indonesia).
12. Ilham, M. P. EXPLORING STUDENTS’ABILITY AND PROBLEMS IN
WRITING ACADEMIC PAPER.
197
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.11
13. Widiastuti, S., & Suharsih, S. STUDENTS’DIFFICULTIES IN
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING: GENRE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC
WRITING.
14. Yusuf, M. (2013). Students Problems In Writing Research Proposal:
A Case Study of The Fifth Semester Students of English Education
Department, State Institute For Islamic Studies Sunan Ampel
Surabaya (Doctoral dissertation, UIN Sunan.
15. Medwell, J., Wray, D., Moore, G., & Griffiths, V. (2021). Primary
English: knowledge and understanding. Learning Matters.
16. Derewianka, B. (2012). Knowledge about language in the
Australian curriculum: English. Australian Journal of Language and
Literacy, The, 35(2), 127-146.
17. H. Crompton, P. (2011). Article errors in the English writing of
advanced L1 Arabic learners: The role of transfer. Asian EFL
Journal, 50(1), 4-35.
18. Nedeva, V., & Dimova, E. (2010). Some advantages of e-learning in
English language training. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 8(3), 21-28.
19. Ahmadi, D., & Reza, M. (2018). The use of technology in English
language learning: A literature review. International Journal of
Research in English Education, 3(2), 115-125.
20. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or
reality. Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
21. Florence Ma, L. P. (2012). Advantages and disadvantages of
native‐and
nonnative‐English‐speaking
teachers:
Student
perceptions in Hong Kong. TESOL quarterly, 46(2), 280-305.
22. Zainal,
Z.
(2007).
Case
study
as
a
research
method. Jurnalkemanusiaan, 5(1).
23. Martínez-Mesa, J., González-Chica, D. A., Duquia, R. P., Bonamigo, R.
R., & Bastos, J. L. (2016). Sampling: how to select participants in my
research study?. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 91(3), 326-330.
24. Martínez, I. M. P. (2020). Methods of data collection in English
empirical linguistics research: Results of a recent survey. Language
Sciences, 78, 101263.
198
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
CHAPTER -12
A review on consequences of English language while writing a
research paper
POSHAM UPPAMMA
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
posham.uppamma2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Balla, E. (2016)Now a days English is most important language
around the world. there is no study can be started without using English
and its learning. It is widely used in number of states and official
language of united nations, widely spread language. Author says that
continuous learning towards foreign language it's better to
communicate easily and it is going to be easier to remind. Learning is
the continuous process to focus on modern English learning functions at
school level for better improvement in early stage of students.
Nishanthi, R. (2018)Today’s world shows English is the greatest
language to required to attain a position In your life. if you wants to
learn the English language firstly have a patience and practice more.
Now a days English is the common International language and essential
to communicate in education, traveling, press, internet, travelling and
business dealings. English speaking is very useful why because its
wonderful communication around the world and good entertainment
helps to understand other languages. English is essential to learn and its
create a lot of opportunities but it is time consuming process to learn.
McKinley, J., & Rose, H. (2018) study focus on qualitative analysis in the
text how the authors can be exposed in different journals publications. It
explains concept oriented analysis, language errors, standards and as
per guidelines to submission of journals and identifies important
concepts leads to error free journal writing. Inflexibility and acceptance
is quite common for journal submission in English.It focuses on mainly
needs to follow the author’s guidelines for authors be encouraged and
the writing English is understood in global, heterogeneous and
multilingual audience. Li, Y., & Flowerdew, J. (2020) focuses on
199
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
academics as well as students mainly concentrated about publishing
their journal in English language. And it also considering English
research publishing towards scholars and students plays crucial role for
publication success. In previous English for research publication
purposes(ERPP)pedagogical strategies need to answer in English. ERPP
is considered to under developed to research literature for different
practitioners view in time and designing courses. Moussu, L., & Llurda, E.
(2008) explains about the research issues related non-native English
teachers interesting useful insights about to understand the differences,
weakness and strength cannot be object to their students and how they
receive. the number of people wants to learn English language is keep
growing up and to conduct research on how the teachers classify and
explained to students ESL/EFL teachers, non-native teachers should
grown up in terms of results and aim to be concentrated on English
language. Flowerdew, J. (2019)Around the globe English plays key role
in wile writing and publishing the research articles. This paper regards
the student when we don’t know about English language while working
on research it is going to extra burden on student get proficiency in
English along with your research work. In the university level be alert in
language fluency in modern language when compared with lower level
of proficiency and English academic purposes. Lai, C. C. et.al.(2006)
study specifies advantages and disadvantages of learning English from
the native as well as non-native English teachers and local language
teachers analysis in point of view students. The main aim of that
learning proficiency of the students understanding and experience with
their teacher communication and teaching skills. Difficulties in
communication and difficulties encountered in an effective relationship
with students to teachers.
Literature Survey
Yalçin, S., & AltunYalçin, S. (2017) suggested a study on academic
responsible person faced with academic research process and how
much affected in the research process between the qualitative research
methods. In the semi structured protocols and data collection tools can
be used to identify the problems that academic person able to arise
during the research process, data can collected with the responses of
each question specified and responses of the persons everything can be
analyzed. Finally during the research process academic responsible
person identified problems with foreign language, time and publishing
200
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
of their research work.Guimba, W. D.et.al(2015)identifies what are the
problems faced by student scholars in the universities. the scholars
faced problems in pressure, delayed allowances, stress management,
academic enrollment. the qualitative study concentrate on those factors
to be specified for the solution of problems. the universities maintain
strict rules and regulations avoiding those problems and as well as
students also concentrate on time management and to improve
strengthen activities for physical and mental disturbances.
Pyhältö, K.et.al(2012)reported as PhD Education is very big task and
highly Extent to complete it. This paper shows problems faced by the
student scholars during their studies.The study belongs to research
project on scholar studies. The problems are reported in general
working strategies, lack of interest, stress levels, fatigue to overcome
these situations research domain-specific knowledge well-being study
engagement, managing activities, communicated through the
resources.To become a good researcher self monitoring ,Instructing
,motivation and time management to be maintained.Suyadi.et.al. (2020)
suggests that difficulties faced by the students in educational study
program in private university. In this study students were faced the
problems while writing the research thesis proposals for completion of
their studies. Before that the common problems like fatigue, social
culture, language problems and grammatical problems raised by the
students who learning the language are English. They designed a study
as a qualitative manner and conducting face to face interviews and
survey on which factors are needed for data gathering.The students
must and should ready to work and ability to work best in writing a
research proposal.Bocar, A. C. (2013) study explains that the student –
research effect their concentration because of their stress & time
management so all the student should maintain the time management to
avoid the stress then the students can concentrate on their Task which
can complete full pledge on the basis of methodology of Qualitative &
Quantitative Descriptive. They can also avoid stress by discussing with
their researches to get better result. Students can also participate on
extracurricular activities to avoid stress.Akyürek, E., &Afacan, Ö. (2018)
explains about a graduate student faces a several problems while
researching so that May financial, health, personal relationship, family
responsibilities etc., and the problem may vary from student to student
so to minimize this type of problems student should prepare timetable &
work schedule to increase their skills on researching their concepts on
201
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
particular topic, student can collect information through internet also,
by solving previous papers also they can improve their skills on
researching which helps them very easily.
Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019)The students a lot of challenges
while writing the research proposals at the beginning. More over that
various difficulties encountered while writing a paper, student don’t
have knowledge about defining a problem statement about research
work, lack of well known information writing skills, insufficient time and
do not having proper guidance and also problems in reporting the
review of literature. The main things that students getting problems in
writing thesis are (a) difficulty in presenting their ideas in L2 and (b)
not able to develop their confidence in conveying academic voice.Moses,
R. and Mohamad, M. (2019)English is one of the mostly used languages.
the teachers should concentrate on visual presentations special learning
approaches to create an environment for the students shows interest on
it. Most of the students faced a problem English as a secondary language.
the students faced a lack of vocabulary building skills, they don’t have
confidence to present and writing the information. The best thing the
teachers should motivate and giving a effective presentations about
learning and writing skills.Huang, J. C. (2010)The reasons for the
disproportion are English proficiency and national research spending,
which are significantly correlated with journal publication. In other
words, not only the lack of English ability but also non-language related
problems can hinder scholars’ success in publication. Other studies
exploring the process of writing for publication specifically examine
how scholars have coped with challenges and how different
professionals have revised the papers for them. The results reveal that,
to overcome difficulties in writing, scholars often resort to published
texts and the help of professionals, such as disciplinary or language
experts. In addition to journal gatekeepers, these experts seem to play a
significant role in shaping manuscripts.TOKS, S. (2017)Most of the
students faced a lot of problems during his research writing proposals.
the reasons are there is no experience of scholarly working strategies,
in-deep learning skills and more over that the student didn’t having the
confidence while writing the research paper. The student first need to
improve his skills automatically he gets capable of handling while
writing the paper. the teachers also involved to conducting different
tasks to increase skills for efficient learning. the student must have good
202
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
reading skills, deep thinking about the topic place crucial role in
research writing.
Salager-Meyer, F. (2014) English language place a major role in every
environment.At present multi-language different research scholars
English as part of publishing their papers/journals. In global
environment different research scholars influenced by international
language as English and its huge competitive for publishing their
journals get reputed by different journals more coverage, highly indexed
and more popular published journals around the world using
international databases. bi/tri-lingual publishing of different journals
shows best results while using additional features of language keywords
in international community.Alfaki,I.M.(2015)shows what are problems
faced by scholarly students who working with English language. Mainly
they faced the problems on language writing and reading problems
those are lack of practicing. Some of solutions to overcome those
problems by using the students who willing to learn English language,
read very well for improving the knowledge, good vocabulary building
and getting knowledge. the student wants to improve his writing ability
to practicing number of exercises and make it note them to help your
writing ability.Reid, E. S. (2009)explains about almost certainly contend
into the extremely early times about what new composing instructors
most need to know, and not gain a lot of ground toward shared
conviction. In fact, as we face expanded strain to coverthe
developmentof information and practice, and have such a lot of material
now accessible to us, it is now hard to avoid pressing factors to drive our
instructional method courses far more, widely across the field,to
relinquish a guarantee to inclusion and subsequently make more
opportunity for revelation.Karimnia, A. (2013) explains about writing
and reading skills while writing the research papers in English language
and analyzing the learning strategies to find the complex pattern writing
in academic papers. A good journal writing strategies are learning and
writing skills and quality of the data to be presented by the senior and
junior research scholars similarly using their words but phrases and
sentence formation is different. the experience scholars may easily find
out the problems of language communication and adopting the new era
to rectify them.
203
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
Statement of the Problem:
An issues related to researchers, teachers and academicians while
working with English language.
Research Objectives:
This explains about research scholars should focus on English
proficiency and language fluency for improving their skills in academic
research writing. By considering language teachers more concentrate on
students to learn easily and focus them to utilizing the different
variables for good research work. Motivating the students towards
learning and enhance their proficiency skills.
Significance of the study:
This study focused on what are the difficulties faced by the scholars
and teachers with respect to the English language. This will suggest
authorities to help them to get rid of problems with fluency and
accuracy. This will helps to the designers make a new curriculum for the
institutions and universities to focus more on writing skills with
reference to academic research.
Limitations of the study:
 This study limits about the research scholars undergoing PhD
students.
 It limits to the teachers in technical institutions.
 It focus only for the students get good proficiency and fluency in
English while working on academic writing.
Research Methodology
 Research Method
Kutlay, N. (2013) This paper focus on level of involving teachers
conducting the research and the data can be collected from different
sources through the language experts though the questionnaires. The
results shows that the teachers can be assessed and it should be
compatible with the academic research. The teachers should be more
practices on research and taken required support provided by the
academics. Teachers should train them to learn new courses to study on
academic research work along with teaching.
204
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
 Questionnaire
The questionnaire is prepared by taking all the Questions based on
the problems faced while writing a research papers refers to English
language. It aims to find out the feedback collected from the research
scholars while they were faced a real time problems.
 Population of the Sample
Martínez-Mesa, J.et al.(2016) Author states basics of sampling,
sampling process, whether the part of sample can be included or whole
sample include. Sample size dependents on number of population
participated and sample frame is targeted to group of targeted people.
Various sampling methods are available based on problem apply
appropriate sampling method.
 Data Collection
Martínez, I. M. P. (2020).Author says that data collection regarding
the English language learning and what are metrics are reached
according to the research. Different data collection methods are applied
for getting better results in language proficiency and collected the
responses from the language experts to be specified what are the
consequences are raised while learning and speaking in English.
Here, we create a Google form with the questions and options (shown
below the questions) on a topic of Problems faced while writing
research work or research papers with reference to ENGLISH
LANGUAGE and sent it to SSL School. There are totally 16 (sixteen)
questions which are to be responded mandatory and options are same
to all questions which refers to confidence level of the scholars.
 I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
 I commit mistakes in using tenses
 I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
 I struggle to use apt preposition
 I make errors in punctuation's
 Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
 Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
 Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
 I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
 I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
205
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
 While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
 Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I read
or what I did
 I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
 I get confused with American and British spellings
 I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
 I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
These are the questions placed according to that given information I
place the same choosing options as follows Strongly Agree, Agree,
Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree
Here, I got responses for the Google form from different research
scholars of School of social sciences and languages.
Data Analysis
Data analysis is the process of methodological approach explains
statistical and analytical techniques to evaluate the information.
 Quantitative Analysis
It is a technique for measuring mathematical and statistical
approaches and relating to the research study. Quantitative analysis can
be defined in terms of numerical values and performance evolution
according to the research. This methods provides the summary of the
research work related information accordingly data to be collected.
Quantitative analysis is very useful for research area to find out the
important data collected and analyzed based on recent trends
information what is going on and what are the new implementations are
stated. These techniques can be used for particularly identifying
methods can be applied based on your research study.
Advantages of Quantitative analysis:
1. Easy and faster data can be collected based on survey we can get
information throughout the world.
2. Data can be provided accurately
3. Fewer data variables are implemented, so accuracy can be made.
 Summary of Analysis
This study focuses on what are the major problems are raised
while writing a research paper. In this analysis students,
teachers/faculties faced a lot of problems while writing a research paper
206
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
and I taken the survey on 20 of research scholars from the school of
SSL(school of social sciences and languages) at VIT University.
I struggle to use appropriate verbs while
writing
9
4
3
2
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
2
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.1
I commit mistakes in using tenses
8
4
4
2
Strongly
Agree
2
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.2
According to figure-1, 45% of the research scholars agree that they
are struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing the research paper.
Moreover that, 20% of them neutral to that statement, 15% of scholars
disagree, 10% strongly disagree and 10% of scholars strongly agree
stated. In figure-2, Around 40% of scholars responded as agree to
commit mistakes in using tenses while writing a paper. Hence 20% of
people neutral and disagree each, 10% are responded as strongly agree
and strongly disagree each.
207
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
I have difficulty in using correct
Conjunction
9
5
3
3
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Fig.3
I struggle to use apt preposition
9
5
4
2
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.4
From figure-3, Around 45% of the scholars are responded as agree
to have difficulty in using correct conjunction while working on research
paper. Here 25% of people are neutral, 15% of people are responded as
disagree and strongly disagree each. No one is there to responded as
Strongly agree. In figure-4, scholars are responded as agree to struggle
to use apt preposition while writing the paper. 25% are responded as
neutral. Hence 20% of people are responded as disagree, 10% are
strongly disagree.
208
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
I make errors in punctuations
7
5
4
2
Strongly
Agree
2
Agree
Neutral
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig.5
Some of my errors are in the use
of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
11
5
3
1
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig.6
In this figure-5, 35% of the research scholars are responded as
neutral to make errors in punctuation while working with research
paper. Here 25% are responded as agree to errors in punctuation
writing.20% of people are responded as agree,10% are responded as
Strongly agree and strongly disagree each.Above figure-6 shows that
55% of the research scholars are responded as Disagree while using
small and capital letters misplacement. Here 25% of people responded
as strongly disagree, 15% of people are responded as agree and 5% of
them are responded as neutral.
209
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
Use of suitable vocabulary is a big
challenge for me
8
5
5
1
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.7
Sometimes I notice errors in the use
of Singular & Plural forms
10
5
4
1
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.8
In figure-7, Around 40% of the research scholars are responded as
disagree when the use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge. Hence
25% of scholars are neutral and agree both. 5% of the scholars are
responded as strongly agree and strongly disagree of both.In thefigure8, most of the scholars are responded as Disagree while mentioning the
errors in the use of singular and plural forms. 25% of the people
responded as agree and 20% of them responded as neutral. Only 1% of
scholars responded as strongly agree.
210
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
I make errors while constructing a
lengthy sentence
7
6
4
2
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.9
I am confused with the use of active
and passive voices
5
4
4
Agree
Neutral
4
3
Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.10
From the figure-9, Around 35% of the research scholars are
responded as agree while errors raised to constructing a lengthy
sentence. More over that 30% of people are responded as disagree, 20%
of them responded as neutral, 10% of them responded as strongly
disagree, 5% of them responded as strongly agree.The above figure-10
shows that 25% of the research scholars are responded as disagree
while confusion about active and passive voice. More over that 20% of
people are responded as disagree, 20% of them responded as neutral,
211
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
2s0% of them responded as strongly disagree, 15% of them responded
as strongly agree.
While writing, I have difficulty to
express what I know
6
5
5
3
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.11
Sentence construction is a big trial
for me while I express what I read or
what I did
4
4
4
4
4
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.12
In figure-11, Around 30% of the research scholars are responded as
disagree while difficulty to express what they know. More over that 25%
212
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
of people are responded as agree, 25% of them responded as strongly
disagree, 15% of them responded as neutral, 5% of them responded as
strongly agree.Above figure-12 shows that research scholars are
responded as equal priorities based their opinion by given 20% of them
are responded as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly
disagree.
I notice lot of spelling errors in
my writing
7
5
4
2
2
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig.13
I get confused with American
and British spellings
7
5
4
3
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig.14
Above figure-13 shows that 35% of the research scholars are
responded as strongly disagree while errors raised in writing a lot of
spelling mistakes. More over that 25% of people are responded as
disagree, 20% of them responded as neutral, 10% of them responded as
213
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
strongly agree, 5% of them responded as strongly agree. In figure-14,
Around that 35% of the scholars are responded as they confused with
American and British spellings. 25% of them are responded as neutral,
20% 0f them are responded as strongly agree. 15% of people are
responded as strongly disagree and 5 % of them are responded as
disagree.
I use the same words and phrases
repeatedly
7
6
3
3
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig.15
I notice translation from my
mother tongue in my writing
7
5
5
2
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig.16
Above figure-15 shows that the research scholars are responded as
agree while using the same words and phrases repeatedly. More over
214
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
that 30% of people are responded as disagree, 20% of them responded
as neutral, 10% of them responded as strongly disagree, 5% of them
responded as strongly agree. In figure-16, Around 35% of the research
scholars are responded as agree to notice translation from my mother
tongue in my writing. More over that 25% of people are responded as
disagree, 25% of them responded as neutral, 10% of them responded as
strongly disagree, 5% of them responded as strongly agree.
Recommendation
As a Research Scholar, I recommended that every researcher need
to be thorough in language communication while working with the
research writing and also it is important to learn for your research
presented in fruitful manner. An effective communication of English
language also tends to be in good literature writing with effective words
showing our language abilities to the professionals and authors to be in
good manner.
Conclusion
Many of the students, Scholars as well as faculties faced a
problems on English language communication and writing skills we
discussed in this paper. When the scholars writing a research papers a
lot of mistakes are raised in grammar and punctuation.The scholars
need to be improvising the language skills for effective academic writing
and also able to functioning their research paper in good manner.In
future every research scholar should be focus on learning and writing
English language skills it leads to be a good language expert.
Reference
1. Balla, E. (2016). A General Outlook of the Importance of the English
Language in the World Today. Academic Journal of
Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(3 S1), 499-499.
2. Nishanthi, R. (2018). The importance of learning English in today
world. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and
Development, 3(1), 871-874.
3. McKinley, J., & Rose, H. (2018). Conceptualizations of language
errors, standards, norms and nativeness in English for research
publication purposes: An analysis of journal submission
guidelines. Journal of Second Language Writing, 42, 1-11.
215
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
4. Li, Y., & Flowerdew, J. (2020). Teaching English for Research
Publication Purposes (ERPP): A review of language teachers’
pedagogical initiatives. English for Specific Purposes, 59, 29-41.
5. Moussu, L., & Llurda, E. (2008). Non-native English-speaking
English language teachers: History and research. Language
Teaching, 2008, vol. 41, núm. 3, p. 315-348.
6. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or
reality. Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
7. Lai, C. C., & Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). The advantages and
disadvantages of computer technology in second language
acquisition. Online Submission, 3(1).
8. Yalçin, S., & AltunYalçin, S. (2017). Difficulties Encountered by
Academicians
in
Academic
Research
Processes
in
Universities. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(6), 143-153.
9. Guimba, W. D., Alico, J. C., &Taib, A. B. (2015). Problems
Experienced by College Student Scholars. International Journal of
Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences. Publisher:
Timeline Publication Pvt. Ltd,. ISSN, 2349-5219.
10. Pyhältö, K., Toom, A., Stubb, J., &Lonka, K. (2012). Challenges of
becoming a scholar: A study of doctoral students' problems and
well-being. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012.
11. Suyadi, Husnaini, Elvina ,Undergraduate Students’ Difficulties In
Writing A Research Proposal: A Case Study.International Journal of
Scientific & Technology Research volume 9, 2020.
12. Bocar, A. C. (2013). Difficulties encountered by the studentresearchers and the effects on their research output. Proceeding of
the Global Summit on Education, 10.
13. Akyürek, E., & Afacan, Ö. (2018). Problems Encountered during the
Scientific Research Process in Graduate Education: The Institute of
Educational Sciences. Higher Education Studies, 8(2), 47-57.
14. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
15. Moses, R. and Mohamad, M. (2019) Challenges Faced by Students
and Teachers on Writing Skills in ESL Contexts: A Literature
Review. Creative Education, 10, 3385-3391.
216
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.12
16. Huang, J. C. (2010). Publishing and learning writing for publication
in English: Perspectives of NNES PhD students in science. Journal of
English for Academic Purposes, 9(1), 33-44.
17. TOKS, S. (2017). PROBLEMS FACED BY PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN WRITING RESEARCH PAPERS1.
18. Salager-Meyer, F. (2014). Writing and publishing in peripheral
scholarly journals: How to enhance the global influence of
multilingual scholars?. Journal of English for Academic
Purposes, 13, 78-82.
19. Alfaki,I.M.(2015).
UNIVERSITY
STUDENTS’ENGLISH
WRITINGPROBLEMS: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY.
20. Reid, E. S. (2009). Teaching writing teachers writing: Difficulty,
exploration, and critical reflection. College Composition and
Communication, 61(2), W197.
21. Karimnia, A. (2013). Writing research articles in English: Insights
from Iranian university teachers’ of TEFL. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 70, 901-914.
22. Kutlay, N. (2013). A survey of English language teachers’ views of
research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 188-206.
23. Martínez-Mesa, J., González-Chica, D. A., Duquia, R. P., Bonamigo, R.
R., & Bastos, J. L. (2016). Sampling: how to select participants in my
research study?. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 91(3), 326-330.
24. Martínez, I. M. P. (2020). Methods of data collection in English
empirical linguistics research: Results of a recent survey. Language
Sciences, 78, 101263.
217
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
CHAPTER -13
A contemplate on issues faced by scholars with English
language while composing a research paper
PULLIGILLA MANOJ KUMAR
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
pulligillamanoj.kumar2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Rao, V. Chandra. (2018). English is worldwide scholastic language.
For the most part researchers are expected to distribute a paper
globally. A scholastic composing style assumes a significant part in
English to give certainty and effectives on their own point of view.
English has extraordinary arrangements of rules significantly focus on
jargon, accentuation, spellings, language, word sentences assumes key
part for great scholarly composition. Utilize basic present or past tense
just, dodge sentence length and excess. Don't over clarify the things. Give
exact data what you need to executed that ought to be successful.
English has excellent scholarly composing abilities to acquire.Harzing, A.
W. (2005). English has been the language of decision for some
worldwide academic diaries. Scholarly composing is many-sided,
square, level headed, express, encased, and dependable. It is coordinated
and arranged definitely and precisely. This paper says about the
scholastic composing should endeavor for immaculateness, lion's share
and convention and should find some kind of harmony among trustiness
and dithering. Composing for scholastic or logical exploration ought to
be clear, brief, precise and exact in significance for the perusers'
arrangement. The primary 4 significant abilities of English Language and
furthermore the principal highlight of English syntax, jargon and
accentuation are significant and especially accommodating for
justifiable Academic composition.Salima, R. (2012). The appearance of
errors in English writing refers to the students’ lack of concentration,
lack of vocabulary, and other factors. To learn from their errors,
students should receive feedback in a way that pushes them to write
more and more and this is the teachers’ role. Teachers should not over
218
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
correct their students’ written productions and should not use the red
ink too much because this may have a negative impact on the students.
As far as teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) is concerned, a
special interest should be given to all the skills of that language (writing,
speaking, listening, and reading) from both the teachers as well as the
learners.Nishanthi, Rajathurai. (2018). Information on learning English
is vital in this cutting edge world, which have getting sound information
in English at that point just given a task. A portion of the elements are
essential in English for correspondence. First and foremost English is
worldwide language; it will assist with conveying in some other
language without any problem. In training area English remaining parts
a significant medium to educate the records in language. In web and
press, it will permit perusing billions of pages. A large number of assets
are accessible in web and book shop. In any field we expected English to
convey, it is adaptable and simple approach to associate with different
nations. English is generally utilized and prevailing language taking all
things together ridiculous.Rao, Parupalli. (2019). In this paper center
around composing abilities in language. Utilizing distinctive language
abilities are responsive or uninvolved abilities, profitable or dynamic
abilities. Talking and composing abilities are utilized for method of
correspondence with different dialects. Compelling composing expertise
procedures are utilized to build up the English mastering abilities like
short stories, paper compositions, note making, and conceptualizing so
on. Educators ought to pick intriguing points to establish interest on
English climate. Also, educators put impact for planning materials for
understudies, execute new strategies to learn, give a few undertakings,
tasks on their learning cycle.Lai, C. C., &Kritsonis, W. A.
(2006).Numerous researchers dealing with issues because of their first
language, English is certainly not a first language. English scholarly
journalists are diverse view on their own viewpoint in distributions
when non local speakers it prompts legend or not legitimate view on
their own issues. L1 composes are less complex and unmistakably
carried out their musings when contrasted with L2 essayists. L2
essayists are makes that more troublesome, less successful examples.
Flowerdew, J. (2019). As a student of modern languages to university
level and of other languages to rather lower levels of proficiency and as
a teacher of English for academic purposes (EAP) and of English for
research and publication purposes (ERPP), scholars have always
219
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
believed this extra burden on the English as an additional language
(EAL) academic writer to be a self-evident truth.
Literature Survey
Qasem, F. A. A., &Zayid, E. I. M. (2019).Research, by its nature, is a
critical challenging task requires in depth knowledge of the subject
matter, planning, care, hard work. The research tools of study include
questionnaire and informal interviews with students and teachers of the
target groups. Clearly the results from study showed that around 70% of
the participants who are writing research or conducting research
projects in English is one of the predominant challenges for them. The
study also attempts to give some suggestions for developing the process
of writing research proposals.Bocar, A. C. (2013). In this paper, It was
said about the student experience on their education. Students simply
joined college just for degree certification. They are not supposed to
show interest on education or subject to gain knowledge. Simply come
to college for enjoying with their friends. They even don't have any idea
about their future. They are chosen the course as their friends
suggestion, but not on their own effort of knowledge or interest. By
doing like this they don't know what they are doing in college. Simply
sitting in college for attendance and writing exams for getting pass
marks and finally getting a certificate of degree. Guimba, W. D., et.
al.,(2015) Now a days, scholars are not spared from the problems and
challenges in college. Their intellectual and excellence capacity don't
have guarantee for their future purpose. These problems affected by the
students in many ways. Many students or scholars facing some issues
about the mental stress in what they gained in exam results, but not
about the knowledge. Parents also couldn't help for the students future
about what they have to do for next step - Job or higher studies. By this
situation, most of the students still depending on their parents or
guardians.Fook, C. Y., & Sidhu, G. K. (2015)The study acquire a
qualitative perspective to assemble data of learning challenges faced by
students in higher education. The very firmness of qualitative
comunication is its probing nature. In this study, the researcher used
open ended question in the questionnaire, interview questions, and
document analysis to collect data. The researcher tried his very best to
assure respondents that all their responses would be treated with the
strictest confidence. Analytic challenge is the most evaluative challenge
faced by most of the students in higher education. Kapasa, J., et. al.,
220
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
(2015) A self-reported questionnaires were plan by the researcher to
request an in-depth details from the lecturers and students on the
provocation run into in teaching and learning approximation. The
embrace the descriptive survey method. Data were gathered through
questionnaires to create the views of lectures and students on the
difficulties of teaching and learning approximation in primary colleges
in education. It was set up necessary to pivot on group argument guide
to collect data from some students. Kirchhof, A. L. C., & Lacerda, M. R.
(2012).Publishing is a requirement for any professional who crave to be
in tune with the world od science. The provocation to be overcome to
publish in high-quality journals were strongly present in nurses
professional life. That is because we consider that it is not sufficient to
do research, we need to produce knowledge, and knowledge has to be
shared. In addition, publishing means respectability, scope and
acceptance in the scientific community. It is a authorization of the
research done.
Huang, J. C. (2010) The reasons for the disparity, square
measure English proficiency and national analysis defrayal, that square
measure considerably related with journal publication.
In alternative words,
not solely the
shortage
of
English
ability however additionally non-language connected issues will hinder
scholars’ success in publication. Alternative studies exploring the
method
of
the
writing
for
a
publication
specifically
examine however students have coped with challenges and the
way totally different professionals have revised the papers for them.
The
results
reveal
that, to
beat difficulties
in
writing, students typically
resort
to printed texts and
therefore
the facilitate of execs, like disciplinary or language specialists.
Additionally, to journal gate keepers, these specialists appear to
play a major role in shaping manuscripts.Juniartawan, I. P. A., et. al.,
(2020)
Some
students
might
analysis their
thesis
or might collect needed knowledge simply, however it's tough to write
down on paper what they worked for as a result of several of the
scholars return from native language medium faculties,conjointly they
were managed up to post graduate with very little communication
skills. whereas returning to thesis, they need to gift it by own. In order
that they can facesome issues on paper simply because of synchronic
linguistics. the
primary drawback is
their
lower
confidence.
Students might confuse in determinant the literature and feel that is
221
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
tough to compose introduction. Maznun, M. D. B., et. al., Students
were merely purchase a project work from little firms or thirdparty establishments and easily submit in their teachers. So, they were
facing issues in writing thesis in Doctor of Philosophy. they'll not
have information to write down thesis in smart manner. That
was terribly tough in creating sentences and having grammatical
mistakes. it
should tough for
somebody to scan and
facing
poor tutorial action in
writing analysis thesis. This
can
be the
most downside for gift students whereas writing tutorialthesis.Qasem, F.
A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019) Students facing several issues in
writing analysis in L2. Since the analysis proposals area unit in L2
proficiency, the
nice data on
writing
skills
helps
them
for higher presentation. Most of them facing same problems like unclear
topics,
terminologies
of analysis,
failure
in
methodology,
and conjointly issues in coverage the
review
of
literature. the
most things that students obtaining issues in writing thesis area
unit (a) problem in presenting their ideas in L2 and (b) ineffectual to
develop their confidence in transference educational voice.
Doyle, S., et. al., (2018) Language capability may be a repetitive
subject within the world understudy writing. West Germanic utilization
that are scrutinized by language researchers for, best case state of
affairs, being shortsighted and, to mention the smallest amount, neobigot. Postgraduate understudies, together with those from Social
Security Administration, can have different West Germanic
foundations. Social
Security
Administration is a
colossal district
with totally
different ethnic,
social
and
phonetic
gatherings, wherever English is otherwise a close-by language (e.g.,
Nigerian English), an/or the authority language, the only real language
of steerage,
a
part
of
the
schooling
framework,
associate unknown idiom (EFL)
or an
additional language
(EAL).Mukminin,
A.,
et.
al.,
(2015)
Turning
into a
good author needs speak data on the
various points and
kinds of
composing and data on the themes of understudies' structures. Writing
in English in advanced education is under no circumstances a
solitary part nevertheless rather for understudies, it embodies
a multifarious assortment of interconnected capacities, cycles, and
connections
requiring
scholastic
socialization
models
of intellectual composition.
222
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
Presently analysis investigation the encounters of understudy
instructors
in
English
scholastic
composing
is until
now uncommon.Flowerdew,
J.
(1999)
The
issues
that
researchers might Endeavour whereas at a
similar time
composing square measure less passing on of articulation; sets aside a
lot of effort to finish; low scope of jargon; they suppose that
it's arduous to form claims for his or her exploration; their cycle of
arrangement can be compact by their L1; subjective articles square
measure a lot of dangerous than quantitative articles; {they square
measure | they're} restricted to a basic style; and therefore,
the acquaintances
and
conversations
with educational articles
are particularly risky elements.
Reid, E. S. (2009) We might virtually definitely contend into
the extraordinarily early times concerning what new composing
instructors most have to be compelled to recognize, and not
gain loads of ground toward shared conviction. In fact, as we tend
to face distended strain to
hide a
developing
assemblage of
knowledge and apply, and have such loads of fabric currently accessible
to US, it's currently onerous to oppose pressing factors to drive our
tutorial methodology courses way what is a lot of, wide across the
sphere, to relinquish a guarantee to inclusion and after build a lot
of chance for revelation.
Statement of the Problem
An elaboration of problems faced by students and scholars while
writing research papers.
Research Objectives
To guarantee the language abilities in advanced education and
instructors make a point to give legitimate direction for their
understudies. Educators should think for giving a few undertakings,
tasks, and exercises in the piece of learning. While composing the
English, to confront a few challenges to beat the issues, botches need to
rehearse more. To create and coordinate the utilization of four English
language abilities like perusing, composing, tuning in, and talking.
223
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
Significance of the study
English language assumes a significant part in our lives as it helps in
correspondence. English is the language that essential to understudies
in expands their brain; create enthusiastic abilities, handily cooperated
with unfamiliar understudies. So showing English the mingling and
diversion as a work, learning the language gives the entrance of the web,
unknown dialect improves your psychological and scientific capacities.
English isn't just for helpful, yet it gives parcel of fulfillment and gaining
ground will cause you to feel incredible.
Limitations of the study
English Language understudies choose through purposive
examining. This examination has various restrictions. To begin with, the
example may not precisely mirror the assessments of understudies
overall towards the language. Furthermore, the example doesn't contain
an equivalent blend of sexes to precisely reflect sees towards test.
Thirdly, a few members might be new to their unequipped for giving
their viewpoints towards it. Notwithstanding, a short arrangement of
definition are given in the survey to assist respondents to spread the
word about them with the branch of knowledge.
Research Methodology
 Research Method
KUECHLER, M. (1998).In overview strategy, they information were
contrasted with English understudies and Korea understudies. The
examination may have survey for members. Information was gathered
by utilizing various strategies to improve the information in English.
 Population of the sample
Thygesen, L.C., Ersbøll, A.K. (2014). Examination dependent on
information bases has been executed. Studies dependent on record
registers, assessment are utilized for populace based information
registers. Every one individuals' records are accessible and conventional
investigation center around examining blunders. Information as of now
exist and significant time has passed, total examination relies upon
populace information gathered freely. Information assortment isn't
finished by scientists, co researchers. Information is gathered from
various people since nature of information will be examined.
Information is gathered by utilizing 16 distinctive poll are directed
224
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
through Google structure. Reactions are accumulated from various
populace identified with scholastic authors
 Questionnaire
I create a google form with the questions and options (shown below
of the questions) on a topic of Problems faced while writing research
work or research papers with reference to ENGLISH LANGUAGE and
sent it to SENSE School, Communication Engineering Department.
 Data Collection
Ignacio M. Palacios Martínez, (2019). In this, the information mirrors
the choice by utilizing information assortment strategies. It is significant
note that all exploratory examinations along with various investigation.
It has introduced wide picture explored a few dialects. It is as yet
conceivable to commitment something new to the field or manage
diverse methodology. Strangely it is valuable to grow and develop the
example of diaries. Polls meant to creators and editors of the diaries and
would likewise upgrade our understandings. At long last we may
investigate the degree to which the examination rehearses with various
strategies.
There are totally 16 (sixteen) questions which are to be responded
mandatory and options are same to all questions which refers to
confidence level of the scholars.
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
4. I struggle to use apt preposition
5. I make errors in punctuations
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
11. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
13. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
14. I get confused with American and British spellings
225
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
Options are (a) Strongly Agree, (b) Agree, (c) Neutral, (d) Disagree,
(e) Strongly Disagree
Data Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
It emphasizes numerically. It is a technique that confronts
statistical and mathematical designing, quantifying and understand
analysis easily. Quantitative analysis describes and interprets statistical
objects with numerical values and data collected through numeric
variables and statistics.Quantitative analysis includes the analysis of
statistical methods and computational survey. Regression Analysis is
commonly used technique which is employed by business owners and
also by economists. Quantitative analysis is concerned for making
informed decisions.
Summary Analysis:
A Survey has been conducted from some researchers about
academic writing and got the percentage of results by different
questions like below:
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
I commit mistakes in using
tenses
I struggle to use appropriate
verbs while writing
8
5
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
5
1
7
6
4
2
1
1
Strongly Agree Neutral DisagreeStrongly
Agree
Disagree
Fig:1
Fig :2
In figure-1 it illustrates the struggle faced by researchers while
writing academic paper for using appropriate verbs in English and got
final graph assessment that neutral is in high rating. The figure-2
226
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
illustrates the mistakes committed by researcher while writing
academic paper while using tenses in sentence formation in English and
it is highly disagreed by researchers
I have difficulty in using
correct Conjunction
8
6
4
2
0
7
7
10
8
6
4
2
0
5
1
0
I struggle to use apt
preposition
9
7
3
1
0
Fig:3
Fig: 4
In figure-3, it illustrates the difficulty faced by researchers while
writing English academic paper in using correct Conjunction when
sentence formations and it is highly Neutral and agree. In figure-4, it
illustrates the struggle faced by researchers while writing academic
paper by using apt preposition in English and got final graph assessment
which shows equal struggle in Neutral.
I make errors in punctuations
9
10
8
6
4
2
0
Some of my errors are in the
use of CAPITAL and SMALL
letters
10
8
8
6
5
6
4
1
2
0
0
6
1
2
2
Fig: 5
Fig: 6
The above figure-5 illustrates about the errors made by researcher
while writing academic paper while punctuating in sentence formation
in English and it is highly disagree 45% by researchers. The above
227
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
figure-6 illustrates that some of the errors made by researchers are in
the usage of CAPITAL and SMALL letters while writing academic paper
in sentence formation in English and it is highly disgreed 40%
researchers.
Use of suitable vocabulary is a
big challenge for me
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
Sometimes I notice errors in
the use of Singular & Plural
forms
7
8
5
6
4
4
1
2
6
4
2
1
3
0
Fig: 7
Fig: 8
The above figure-7 illustrates the challenge faced by researchers
while writing academic paper in English in the Usage of suitable
vocabulary and got final graph assessment that Agreeing highly.The
above figure-8 illustrates about the errors that were sometime noticed
by researchers while writing English academic paper in the usage of
Singular & Plural forms in sentence formation and it is highly disagreed
by 35% by researchers.
I make errors while
constructing a lengthy
sentence
10
8
6
4
2
0
8
I am confused with the use of
active and passive voices
10
8
6
4
2
0
7
3
1
1
Fig: 9
8
6
3
0
Fig:10
228
3
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
The above figure-9 illustrates about the errors made by researcher
when writing academic paper while constructing lengthy sentence
formation in English and it is highly agreed. The above figure-10
illustrates about the confusion of researcher while writing English
articles in the usage of active and passive voices for sentence formation
and it is shown high in agree.
While writing, I have difficulty
to express what I know
15
Sentence construction is a big
trial for me while I express
what I read or what I did
7
8
6
6
4
3
4
2
0
0
11
10
5
4
3
2
0
0
Fig: 11
Fig: 12
In the above figure-11 it illustrates the question if any difficulty
faced by researcher while writing academic paper to express what he
knows in English and it is highly neutral by many researchers. The
above figure-12 illustrates the big trial expression faced by researchers
while reading and sentence construction when writing academic paper
in English and shows equal in Neutral by 35%.
I notice lot of spelling errors
in my writing
15
8
6
4
2
0
10
10
5
0
2
4
4
0
I get confused with American
and British spellings
7
7
1
2
3
Fig: 13
Fig: 14
The above figure-13 illustrates about the spelling errors that are
noticed by researchers while writing English academic paper in
sentence formation and it is highly disagreed by 50% by many
researchers. The above figure-14 illustrates about the confusion of
229
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
researcher with American and British spellings while writing English
articles and the analysis shows high in Neutral and agree.
I use the same words and
phrases repeatedly
8
6
7
I notice translation from
my mother tongue in my
writing
7
10
8
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
0
0
Fig: 15
8
6
3
3
0
Fig: 16
The above figure-15 illustrates about the repeated mistakes of
researchers while writing English articles in the usage of same words
and phrases for sentence formation and it is shown high in Neutral and
disagree.The above figure-16 illustrates about the errors that were
noticed by researchers while translating their mother tongue in to
English sentence formation and it is highly agreed.
Recommendation
I recommend the scholars to be wonderful in correspondence
language while doing investigate in this point and furthermore that
information will be helpful to compose their exploration paper. Scholars
should have to compose a paper with successful words while writing a
research paper.
Conclusion
From the assertions above, the scholars conveyed that learning
English is very important in PhD. In learning English there is
additionally a few challenges, however that troubles likewise have an
answer.The Scholars ought to be improve their relational abilities while
doing explore, additionally ready to compose their examination paper in
proper way.
230
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
Reference
1. Rao, V. Chandra. (2018). The Use of English Language in Research.
2. 8.
2. Harzing, A. W. (2005). Does the use of English-language
questionnaires in cross-national research obscure national
differences?. International
Journal
of
Cross
Cultural
Management, 5(2), 213-224.
3. Salima, R. (2012). Measures of eliminating EFL students’ errors in
writing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 318-327.
4. Nishanthi, Rajathurai. (2018). Important of learning English in
today world. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research
and Development. Volume-3. 10.31142/ijtsrd19061.
5. Rao, Parupalli. (2019). EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF WRITING SKILLS
TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS. 6. 196-205.
10.33329/ijelr.64.196.
6. Lai, C. C., & Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). The advantages and
disadvantages of computer technology in second language
acquisition. Online Submission, 3(1).
7. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or
reality. Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
8. Qasem, F. A. A., &Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
9. Bocar, A. C. (2013). Difficulties encountered by the studentresearchers and the effects on their research output. Proceeding of
the Global Summit on Education, 10.
10. Guimba, W. D., Alico, J. C., &Taib, A. B. (2015). Problems
Experienced by College Student Scholars. International Journal of
Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences. Publisher:
Timeline Publication Pvt. Ltd,. ISSN, 2349-5219
11. Fook, C. Y., & Sidhu, G. K. (2015). Investigating learning challenges
faced by students in higher education. Procedia-social and
behavioral sciences, 186, 604-612
12. Kapasa, J., Samuels, E. B., & Mulendema, P. J. (2015). Problems
Faced by Students and Lecturers in Teaching and Learning of
Approximation in Primary Colleges of Education: A Case Study of 4
231
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
Primary Colleges on the Copper belt Province-Zambia. Journal of
Education and Practice, 6(17), 137-146.
13. Kirchhof, A. L. C., & Lacerda, M. R. (2012). CHALLENGES AND
PROSPECTS FOR PUBLISHING ARTICLES–CONSIDERATION BASED
ON STATEMENTS FROM AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS. Texto &
Contexto-Enfermagem, 21(1), 185-193.
14. Huang, J. C. (2010). Publishing and learning writing for publication
in English: Perspectives of NNES PhD students in science. Journal of
English for Academic Purposes, 9(1), 33-44.
15. Juniartawan, I. P. A., Sujana, I. M., & Lail, H. (2020). Students’
Mastery in Phrasal Verbs at Fifth Semester Students of English
Department in The University of Mataram. JurnalIlmiah Pendidikan
Indonesia, 2(1), 20-23.
16. Maznun, M. D. B., Monsefi, R., & Nimehchisalem, V. (2017).
Undergraduate ESL students’ difficulties in writing the introduction
for research reports. Advances in Language and Literary Studies,
8(1), 9-16.
17. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
18. Doyle, S., Manathunga, C., Prinsen, G., Tallon, R., & Cornforth, S.
(2018). African international doctoral students in New Zealand:
Englishes, doctoral writing and intercultural supervision. Higher
Education Research & Development, 37(1), 1-14.
19. Mukminin, A., Ali, R. M., & Ashari, M. J. F. (2015). Voices from
Within: Student Teachers’ Experiences in English Academic
Writing Socialization at One Indonesian Teacher Training
Program. Qualitative Report, 20(9).
20. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication
in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 8(3), 243-264.
21. Reid, E. S. (2009). Teaching writing teachers writing: Difficulty,
exploration, and critical reflection. College Composition and
Communication, 61(2), W197.
22. KUECHLER, M. (1998). The Survey Method: An Indispensable Tool
for Social Science Research Everywhere? American Behavioral
Scientist,
42(2),
178–200.
https://doi.org/
10.1177/0002764298042002005
232
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.13
23. Thygesen, L.C., Ersbøll, A.K. When the entire population is the
sample:
strengths
and
limitations
in
register-based
epidemiology. Eur
J
Epidemiol
29, 551–558
(2014).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9873-0
24. Ignacio M. Palacios Martínez, Methods of data collection in English
empirical linguistics research: Results of a recent survey,Language
Sciences,Volume
78,2020,101263,
ISSN
03880001,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2019.101263.
233
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
CHAPTER -14
An empirical study on problems faced by researchers while
writing and publishing research papers in English
RADHIKA C
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
radhika.c2020@vitstudent.ac.in
INTRODUCTION
English as a universal academic language enables the international
flexibility of researchers. Hynninen, N., &Kuteeva, M. (2017) have
discussed the use of English in academic writing. In recent days most of
the international research journals prefer English to be their choice due
to dominated L2 writers. Writing a research paper is complex and
academic research paper writing should be clear, formal, and precise.
This study states that in what way the English language used for
research writing in their domain by the researchers. Data is collected
from computer scientists and historians of Sweden and Finland. The
analysis focuses on the difference in the way researchers point a good
way of writing research in English. Authors also practiced as readers,
reviewers, and also as proofreaders. The analysis results that there is a
pull towards the standard norm and they have suggested this standard
can be negotiated during proofreading, reviewing, and writing the
research paper. Wallwork, A. (2016) have discussed using the English
language for writing a research paper. Publishing academic research
papers in a reputed international journal is vital to your success. The
study is based on 1000 manuscripts and reports of reviewers why the
papers of non-English speakers are rejected due to their poor structure
and content. From the examples taken from previous papers try to learn
how to prepare the structure of the manuscript, increase readability
skills and reduce the mistakes in writing, avoid redundancy and
ambiguity, include different topics and sub-topics in the paper, avoid
plagiarism, and choose correct tense. Sermsook, K et.al. (2017) have
discussed the purpose to identify the errors while writing in English and
finding the cause of errors in Thai university. This study mainly focuses
234
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
on errors while constructing the sentence that may lead to
miscommunication. Data collected from 26 second-year students of
English major enrolled in writing II course and analyzed. The result
shows that errors committed frequently were spelling, punctuations,
capitalization, sub-verb agreement and fragments, etc. The major cause
of the error includes lack of English grammar knowledge and
vocabulary, intralingual and interlingual interference. Explicit genuine
feedback is required for students writing. Ahmadi, D & Reza, M. (2018)
have explained the importance of technology in the learning process
everywhere. Technology plays a vital role in improving language
learning and helps the teachers simplify the learning process for
learners. This study focuses on using new technologies to learn English
and different attitudes supporting English learners to improve their
learning skills with different technologies. Di Bitetti, M. S & Ferreras, J. A.
(2017) have explored the tendency to publish research papers in
English by non-native English speakers with the assumption that
articles are cited and visited. Hypothesis testing is conducted for six
natural science journals of five countries by comparing the language
effect on a number of citations of articles either in English or any other
languages. Based on language, length of paper, and publication year on
the citation count data is analyzed. Research articles published in
English have more citations than in other languages. The result shows
that English articles reach more audience hence the scientific
institutions and universities should improve the English language skills
in natural science especially. Flowerdew, J. (2019) have discussed
various challenges in writing and publishing a research paper in English
shared by English as additional (EAL) and L1 writers. EAL has additional
linguistic challenges than L1 writers. Due to increasing pressure in
academics to publish papers in international journals, raises challenges
for research scholar whose first language was not English so,
researchers need additional training to improve proficiency in
additional languages.
Ramírez-Castaneda, V. (2020) have discussed the disadvantage of
publishing paper in the English language and its dominance. Scientist
achievement depends on their publication in reputed journals, citation,
and impact factor of the journal. Mostly nowadays about 98% of
scientific research papers are published in English and include authors
from English as a foreign language (EFL). Colombia is one of the
countries with low English proficiency. Colombia faces many
235
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
disadvantages in publishing scientific research papers and it's crucial in
reducing global inequality. This study quantifies the major
disadvantages that result in english language dominance in writing and
publishing research articles. About 90% of the research articles
published are in English by Colombian researchers and publishing in
English causes additional financial cost and results in problems with
comprehensive reading, anxiety, and time. This study shows that the
negative dominance of the English language leads to a global gap in
science. Even though a common language is required for English
communication creating an alternative for multilinguistic will increase
the diversity while safeguarding a communication channel.
LITERARY SURVEY
Challenges to identify and choose journals
Swanberg SM et.al. (2020) The predatory open-access (OA) journal
focuses on profit than quality and peer-review process. Publication in
the predatory journal may harm faculty reputation and career.
Legitimate open-access publishing will have a precise peer-review
process, authors copyright, and improved authors visibility. A list of
questionnaires was developed to analyze the attitude and knowledge of
faculty towards predatory open-access journals. Chi-Square test shows
that faculties more likely identify predatory OA journals and confident
in assessing the journal quality.
Cukier S et.al. (2020) The growth of predatory journals is always
risking scholarly communication. This model conducts a systematic
review and meta-analyses on MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase,
PsycINFO, university library websites, ERIC, and YouTube, etc. to
identify the checklists to detect the potential predatory journals
published in English, Portuguese or French. This checklist is an
evidence-based tool that helps different discipline authors to protect
themselves against predatory journals and it minimizes the research
loss caused by predatory journals.
Suiter AM & Sarli CC (2019) Despite vast opportunities in digital
publishing, the authors still face challenges in selecting the right journal
to publish their research work due to the growing number of predatory
journals. Authors should responsibly evaluate the integrity, practices,
history, and reputation of the journal before submitting their
manuscripts. Choosing the right journal includes editorial quality,
editorial members, peer-review process, ethics, reputation, copyrights
236
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
and indexing status, etc. Predatory journal publication can penalize the
credibility of the author's research and career. Consulting a librarian
with your institution can help to select quality journals for research
publication.
Ferris LE & Winker MA (2017) Predatory journals are a key problem
for scholarly literature that charge an article processing charge and they
don’t have trademarks of legitimate scholarly journals like peer-review
process, editorial boards, editorial offices and cause several ethical
issues like misrepresentation, lack of editorial practices and standards,
no archived content, and loss of research fund, etc. Institutions should
educate their faculty, and students about the existing tools and
approaches in identify predatory journals and the consequences of
submitting a paper to predatory journals. Authors, institutions, and
editors should support legitimate scholarly research enterprise by not
submitting their research papers in predatory journals.
Esfe MH et.al. (2015) Fake journal identification is a major problem
in choosing the precise journal for publication. Fake journals expect the
authors to pay money for publishing papers without a peer-review
process and publish papers without revision on weak websites with a
simple format. They advertise with fake information such as name and
its impact factor, providing Original journal ISSN in the fake journal
website and limited time for publication and review process.
Universities and scientific organizations can provide updated fake
journals and publishers list to alert the researchers, faculty, and
students.
Bavdekar SB & Save S (2015) Identifying the right journal for
submitting their potential manuscript is the responsibility of author.
Choosing the right journal is based on different criteria and also makes
the journal author-friendly such as journal readership, the time-bound
review process, indexing, acceptance rate, regularity of publication, fees,
electronic submissions, fair peer-review process, tracking article,
responsive editors, and acknowledgment of manuscript, etc. Select the
appropriate journal for submission is important before writing the
manuscript based on the factors discussed.
237
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
Problems with writing in English
Qasem FAA & Zayid EIM (2019) Research is a challenging task that
needs in-depth subject knowledge. This paper discusses the challenges
faced by undergraduate students writing the research proposal in
English at their early stage of research. The study was carried out for 60
subjects from the department of English and computer science
considering research projects in English as a second language. The study
was conducted with a list of questionnaires and interviews with the
students. The results show that 70% of participants faced challenges
writing a paper in English and 50% prefer to research their first
language L1.
Moses R. N & Mohamad M (2019) English is the widely spoken
language around the globe. English language has spread all over the
globe, that’s the reason why it is a common language used for
communication. Although, it is quite a challenge for the students whose
native language is not English to master the same. Even teachers in
schools go through various methodology to improvise students writing
skills. The idea of this survey expresses you the hurdles faced by
students and the faculties in mastering the writing skill.
Al-Mukdad S (2019) Writing is one of the challenges that foreign
language and second language students due to requirement of mastery
in cognitive and linguistic competencies. The idea is to investigate and
identify the challenges faced by Arab international students in the
academic writing problems at Arab international university (AIU). Data
collected from 50 students through a list of questionnaires from
different departments of AIU. The result shows that students face
difficulty in writing and recognizing the difference between academic
and writing general English due to lack of knowledge.
Zheng Y & Guo X (2019) Based on the qualitative investigation in
Chinese multilingual language for publishing in academics the Chinese
government introduces the next level of competency in educating
students with multilingual foreign languages. Interviewed Fifteen
Scholars of china from a non-english background with the theory of
Bourdieus linguistic market theory to identify the understanding level of
scholars in multilingual academic publishing. The result shows that
policy-makers must have the awareness of language policies. Certain
remedies are suggested to improvise multilingual scholars to equally
participate in constructing knowledge irrespective of language.
238
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
Problems while writing research paper
Divsar H (2018) Writing a research paper requires adequate skills
and knowledge of the subject. The study identifies the difficulties of
Ph.D. scholars' problems in writing. Thirty Ph.D. scholars have
participated in the semi-structured interview and it's a combination of
the method to collect the data through qualitative content analysis with
SPSS. The result shows most of the candidates faced linguistic challenges
due to a lack of awareness about the statistical procedures of
knowledge, managing time, bad planning and copyright law, etc. The
suggestion is provided to include subjects in the curriculum to help
students.
Filali S (2019) Descriptive analytical research with a qualitative
approach is used to identify the reason and the challenges in academic
writing by master students. A combination of students and teachers
have participated in the survey at Mohamed Kheider university. It was
found that students face problems in writing such as grammar, choice of
words, and paraphrasing. The result shows teachers' challenge is due to
a lack of awareness in research paper writing and time management.
Also suggested to include these findings in the syllabus to help students
and teachers.
Azizah U A & Budiman A (2018) Writing an article in English and its
importance for an international journal is a challenging task for
students. University students need guidance to improve their skills in
writing scholarly research articles. The study was conducted with 20
students at the University of Indonesia. The list of the questionnaire
consists of 24 items to identify problems and insight of students
concerning writing a research paper in English. Investigation shows that
knowledge gaining is a difficult task in article writing and also students
accept it as a critical task. They require the support of university in
training for research article writing.
Jeyaraj J J (2018) Research writing in English is a challenging and
critical task as far as students concern due to its time management in
completing the task. The postgraduate students count is gradually
increasing in Malaysia steadily but still, attrition is high. An off-campus
survey has been conducted to identify student’s difficulty in writing an
academic research article. Semi-structured interviews were conducted
for six regular mode research students from the background without
English speaking and analyzed with an inductive approach. Students
need guidance for research writing and awareness of time management.
239
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
Statement of the Problem
The researchers and teachers who are not native english speakers
find english as one of the difficult tasks when it comes to academic
research writing. The study finds the difficulty of research scholars by
conducting a survey based on certain list of questionnaires.
Research Objectives
The main objective of this research is to identify the difficulties or
problems faced by researchers while writing scientific research articles
with reference to english language.
Significance of the study
This study helps us to understand all the difficulties faced by
research scholars with reference to proficiency in english language. The
suggestion was given to the authorities to take necessary steps to help
them to get rid of issues of research problem with accuracy and fluency
in english language.
Limitations of the study
This study was conducted among research scholars undergoing PhD
from the department of English in technical institutions through google
form.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method
The research method used in this analysis is called survey method
and list of questionnaires was prepared to conduct the survey and data
is collected to make analysis and findings. Lestari, D. M. (2020) have
developed a list of questionnaires for seventh semester students of
English Education Study Program of Muhammadiyah University of
Bengkulu in the Academic Year of 2018-2019 to find the difficulties in
writing thesis in English. The data analysis was done based on the
student answers for the questionnaires, followed by classifying the
answers and calculating the score of difficulties. Difficulties of students
includes english proficiencies, time management, research methodology,
students’ attitude, research topic, plagiarism, advisor workload and
student motivation. The result shows that english proficiency is low and
limited with respect to students english writing skills. This study
suggest that students should find the solution to improve their english
240
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
skill before writing thesis, read relevant sources, reduce plagiarism and
do similar research such as interview guides.
Population of the sample
The population or sample was collected from faculties and research
scholars from department of english from the school of SAS.I have sent
my request in mail as google form in order to collect data from samples.
Majid, U. (2018) have discussed about the writing fundamentals based
on certain research protocols includes quantitative and clinical research
studies. This study provides a guidance for interested undergraduate
researchers in publishing their research in Undergraduate Research in
Natural and Clinical Sciences and Technology (URNCST) Journal.
Questionnaire
The survey contains list of 16 questionnaires and directed among
research scholars through google form in email. Research scholars
undergoing PhD in the department of english from school of social
science were invited to participate.
Data Collection
The study was conducted based on the list of questionnaires related
to difficulties faced during research writing and options given for each
question such as Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly
Disagree. I have sent my request in mail to research scholars undergoing
PhD as google form including list of questions and collected responses
from samples for analysis. Farooq, M. S. et. al. (2020) have discussed
about analysis of data using descriptive and inferential statistics through
SPSS 16. The questionnaire consists of 24 items such as spelling,
punctuation, grammar and first language interference etc. Variables
related to association with writing difficulties also includes poor
teaching. This study suggests students should be trained with
interference of L1 syntax while writing english language, to avoid
mistakes created due to L1 syntax, to remember irregular spellings.
The list of questions for problems faced while writing the research
papers with reference to english language is listed below,
- School
- I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
- I commit mistakes in using tenses
- I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
241
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
I struggle to use apt preposition
I make errors in punctuations
Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I read
or what I did
- I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
- I get confused with American and British spellings
- I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
- I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
The options given to select for each question was Strongly Agree,
Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree.
-
DATA ANALYSIS
The process of collecting data, cleaning, modeling, and analyzing the
data to extract the required information that supports decision making.
Quantitative analysis is used in this research data analysis. In this study,
data analysis plays a vital role to make decisions based on the data
collected from the samples and it is represented in the form of graphs.
Quantitate Analysis
Quantitative analysis (QA) is an effective approach that uses a
mathematical model to understand the behavior, attitudes, opinions,
and other attributes of the research samples. Data analysis is
represented as a numerical value to evaluate and predict the outcome.
Quantitative analysis is mainly used to collect, measure, and verifies the
data to make decisions in the best way. Quantitative data collection
includes the survey method and interviews. Four types of quantitative
analysis are descriptive, correlation, Quasi-experimental and
experimental research. The data can be analyzed with multiple methods
collected as samples such as tabulation, SWOT analysis, Gap analysis,
graphs, and charts.
Quantitative analysis is mainly useful to conduct in-depth
statistically analyzed research in-depth. Due to the numerical approach,
the personal bias leading to incorrect output is reduced to a great extent.
242
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
The result of quantitative analysis is accurate due to its objective and
scientific nature. The analysis suggests recommendations and ends with
a conclusion to quantify the problem.
Summary of Analysis
Samples are collected from research scholars undergoing PhD from
the Department of English. Quantitative analysis is performed based on
the samples collected and it is discussed below,
Fig: 1
Fig: 2
The above Fig 1 shows that about 55 % of research scholars
undergoing PhD strongly agree that they struggle to use appropriate
verbs while writing the research paper. About 25 % of scholars find it
neutral and 10 % strongly disagree. Remaining 10 % strongly disagree
and strongly agree to use appropriate verbs while writing. From the
above Fig 2, 45 % of research scholars agree that they commit mistakes
in using tenses and 25 % of samples find it neutral. Remaining 30% of
scholars equally disagree, strongly agree and strongly disagree
committing mistakes using tenses while writing research papers.
Fig: 3
Fig: 4
243
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
The above Fig 3 shows that 50 % of scholars agree having difficulty
in using correct conjunction,30 % of scholars find it neutral, remaining
20 % equally disagree and strongly disagree. No scholars strongly agree
that they have difficulty in using correct conjunction. The above Fig 4
shows that out of 80 % of scholars, 40 % agree and 40 % finds it neutral
in struggling to use apt preposition while writing research paper.15 %
disagree and 5 % strongly disagree. No scholars strongly agree that they
have difficulty in using correct conjunction.
Fig: 5
Fig: 6
From the above Fig 5, 50% of scholars find it neutral making
punctuation errors and 25 % agree they make errors in punctuation. 10
% disagree and 10% strongly agree. Remaining 5% strongly disagree in
making errors in punctuation. From the Fig 6, 60% disagree errors in
the use of capital and small letters and 20% agree. Remaining 10% finds
it neutral and 10% strongly disagree. No scholars strongly disagree that
they have difficulty in committing error using capital and small letters.
Fig : 7
Fig: 8
244
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
Above Fig 7 shows that,40% of research scholars disagree use of
suitable vocabulary writing research paper.25% agree and 25% finds it
neutral. Remaining 5% agree and 5% strongly disagree. From the above
Fig 8,40 % of scholars disagree errors in use of singular and plural.35%
of scholars agree and 20% finds it neutral. Remaining 5% strongly agree
and no scholars strongly disagree.
Fig: 9
Fig: 10
From the above Fig 9, about 35 % of scholars agree errors while
constructing a lengthy sentence. About 33 % of scholars finds it neutral
and 20 % disagree. Remaining 10 % strongly disagree and 5 % scholars
strongly agree. The above Fig 10 shows that 25 % agree and 25 %
disagree the confusion with the use of active and passive voices. 20 %
finds it neutral;15 % strongly agree and 15 % strongly disagree.
Fig : 11
Fig : 12
The above Fig 11 shows that 25 % agree and 25 % strongly
disagree have difficulty while writing and expressing what they know,
245
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
20 % finds it neutral and 20 % disagree. Remaining 10 % strongly agree.
The above Fig 12 shows that 25 % of scholars strongly agree and 25 %
find it a neutral constructing sentence.20 % of scholars agree and 20 %
disagree constructing sentence what they read. The remaining 10 %
strongly disagree.
Fig:13
Fig : 14
From the above Fig 13, out of 75 % of research scholars, each 25 %
equally agree, finds it neutral and strongly disagree noticing lot of
spelling errors in writing. Remaining 20 % disagree and 5 % strongly
agree finding spelling errors in writing research paper. From the above
Fig 14,40% finds it neutral,35 % agree, 20 % strongly agree and 5 % of
scholars disagree getting confused with using American and British
spellings. No scholars disagree.
Fig : 15
Fig: 16
From the above Fig 15, 40 % agree,30 % disagree, 15 % finds it
neutral, 10 % of scholars disagree and 5 % strongly agree use of same
words and phrases repeatedly. The above Fig 16 shows, 40 % of
246
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
scholars agree, 35 % finds it neutral, 20 % strongly agree, 20 % disagree
and 5 % of scholars strongly disagree translating from mother tongue in
writing research paper.
RECOMMENDATION
Further the study can be enhanced with other discipline research
scholars and teachers of various technical institution. The data analysis
can be processed for the survey conducted to find the difficulties faced
by teachers and research scholars with writing english academic
research paper and choosing appropriate journal selection for
publishing their research work.
CONCLUSION
Nowadays as a researcher it is necessary to publish research paper
in reputed journal for successful career growth. Research paper written
and published in english proved to have high citation count. English as a
universal language plays a vital role in constructing and publishing
scientific research articles. Most of the reputed scientific journals prefer
english language as their choice of publishing. In this study, a survey was
conducted among research scholars from the department of english
with a list of 16 questionnaires to find the difficulties in writing research
paper with reference to english language. Based on the data collected
from the research scholars the analysis was done and it shows that most
of the research scholars find it difficult in writing a scientific research
paper using english.It is necessary to improve the tendency of
researchers to write and publish high quality research papers in english.
Constructing wrong sentence in english may lead to wrong
communication and lags with quality.The suggestion based on the study
is as a learning process training and learning classes for english can be
conducted to improve their english skills in scientific writing. By
improving their english writing skills they can publish their quality
work in high reputed journals.
247
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
Reference
1. Hynninen, N., & Kuteeva, M. (2017). “Good” and “acceptable”
English in L2 research writing: Ideals and realities in history and
computer science. Journal of English for academic purposes, 30, 5365.
2. Wallwork, A. (2016). English for writing research papers. Springer.
3. Sermsook, K., Liamnimit, J., & Pochakorn, R. (2017). An Analysis of
Errors in Written English Sentences: A Case Study of Thai EFL
Students. English Language Teaching, 10(3), 101-110.
4. Ahmadi, D., & Reza, M. (2018). The use of technology in English
language learning: A literature review. International Journal of
Research in English Education, 3(2), 115-125.
5. Di Bitetti, M. S., & Ferreras, J. A. (2017). Publish (in English) or
perish: The effect on citation rate of using languages other than
English in scientific publications. Ambio, 46(1), 121-127.
6. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or
reality. Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
7. Ramírez-Castañeda, V. (2020). Disadvantages in preparing and
publishing scientific papers caused by the dominance of the English
language in science: The case of Colombian researchers in
biological sciences. PloS one, 15(9), e0238372.
8. Swanberg, S. M., Thielen, J., & Bulgarelli, N. (2020). Faculty
knowledge and attitudes regarding predatory open access journals:
a needs assessment study. Journal of the Medical Library
Association: JMLA, 108(2), 208.
9. Cukier, S., Helal, L., Rice, D. B., Pupkaite, J., Ahmadzai, N., Wilson, M.,
... & Moher, D. (2020). Checklists to detect potential predatory
biomedical journals: a systematic review. BMC medicine, 18, 1-20
10. Suiter, A. M., & Sarli, C. C. (2019). Selecting a journal for
publication: criteria to consider. Missouri medicine, 116(6), 461.
11. Ferris, L. E., & Winker, M. A. (2017). Ethical issues in publishing in
predatory journals. Biochemia Medica, 27(2), 279-284.
12. Esfe, M. H., Wongwises, S., Asadi, A., & Akbari, M. (2015). Fake
journals: their features and some viable ways to distinguishing
them. Science and engineering ethics, 21(4), 821-824.
248
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
13. Bavdekar, S. B., & Save, S. (2015). Choosing the right journal for a
scientific paper. Journal of The Association of Physicians of
India, 63.
14. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
15. Moses, R. N., & Mohamad, M. (2019). Challenges faced by students
and teachers on writing skills in ESL Contexts: A literature
review. Creative Education, 10(13), 3385-3391.
16. Al-Mukdad, S. (2019). Investigating English academic writing
problems encountered by Arab International University
students. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9(3), 300-306.
17. Zheng, Y., & Guo, X. (2019). Publishing in and about English:
Challenges and opportunities of Chinese multilingual scholars’
language practices in academic publishing. Language Policy, 18(1),
107-130.
18. Divsar, H. (2018). Exploring the challenges faced by Iranian TEFL
students in their doctoral dissertation writing. International
Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 6(3), 195-203
19. Filali S. Identifying academic writing challenges encountered by
EFL learners to develop their academic writing skillss. The case of
second year Master Two students of sciences of the language at
Mohamed Kheider University of Biskra (Doctoral dissertation).
20. Azizah, U. A., & Budiman, A. (2018). Challenges in writing academic
papers for international publication among Indonesian graduates
students. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics
Studies), 4(2), 175-198.
21. Jeyaraj, J. J. (2018). It’s A Jungle Out There: Challenges In
Postgraduate Research Writing. GEMA Online® Journal of
Language Studies, 18(1).
22. Lestari, D. M. (2020). An Analysis of the Students' Difficulties in
Writing Undergraduate Thesis at English Education Study Program
of Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. Premise: Journal of
English Education and Applied Linguistics, 9(1), 17-29.
23. Majid, U. (2018). Research fundamentals: Study design, population,
and sample size. Undergraduate research in natural and clinical
science and technology journal, 2, 1-7.
249
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.14
24. Farooq, M. S., Uzair-Ul-Hassan, M., & Wahid, S. (2020). Opinion of
second language learners about writing difficulties in English
language. South Asian Studies, 27(1).
250
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
CHAPTER -15
A survey on problems faced by researchers with English
language while writing a research paper
RAMA KRISHNA GUDURU
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
ramakrishna.guduru2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Li, F., Ren, J., & Zhao, H. (2016) To determine the difficulties of
students in writing skills, the author conducted a survey on English
writing skills and related issues. The majority of students study for
academic purposes only, not for future growth. Before guiding students,
teachers should gain a thorough understanding of writing skills. What
role do grammatical errors such as sentence structure, tenses, modern
verbs, passive and active forms perform in reducing cultivates in writing
skills? Nishanthi, R. (2018). Beginning stage confronted part of battles to
learn English, however rehearsing more get the familiarity and
increment openings in worldwide world. It tends to be helpful for
various purposes like training, Transportation, Travel, Business,
Entertainment and some more. English is a global tongue, on account of
that each one should rehearse and get familiar with the Language by
that we can grow up our own and expert life's. In this paper, what is the
significance of English language for specialists, Teachers and
understudies to improve their correspondence all throughout the
planet. McKinley, J., & Rose, H. (2018).The call for a redefinition and reconceptualization of error has been around for decades, and the recent
developments in emerging fields of written ELF and ERPP in global
contexts indicate there is academic support for change. It is time that we
universally adopted a more open and flexible orientation to language in
ERPP and clarified that error-free writing need not be an
insurmountable barrier to L2 writers (or any writer for that matter). It
is important that journal guidelines communicate this appropriately to
potential authors so that the contribution to knowledge of their papers
is the primary criterion of evaluation. It is time that the publishing world
251
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
of academia became open to a more nuanced and global view of the
English language.Rao, P. S. (2019). In globe a large portion of individuals
utilizing English as the essential language to convey the various nations
individuals. Instructors will get the information about composing
procedures and students additionally express their musings whether it
is correct or wrong. Writer will offer idea to students how to expand
their perusing and composing abilities. English language students
endured with syntactic slip-ups, aloof shows, letter composing, report
composing. They recorded some compelling composing strategies like
report composing, exposition composing, games, conceptualizing, short
sections, paper composing, story composing and so on By receiving
viable composing abilities, we can without much of a stretch distribute
papers with great exploration composing report. Wang, L., & Fan, J.
(2020) Creator expressed that blending administrations are subjective
and quantitative information sources. Business English incorporate
different levels(low,high and middle of the road) to foresee the
information on English capability. Continuously understudies and
researchers are attempting to learn English for scholastic just not for
improving worldwide correspondence between various individuals. If
educator is led workshop and understudies are intuitively taken part or
not all things can be estimated. Four stages are included first writing
survey and archive examination, second stage inspect the all connected
subtleties of instructors and understudies next scale and investigate the
outcomes.Rahman, M. S. (2020) Scientists utilize subjective and
quantitative examination strategies to get precise outcome and set aside
less effort to gather the information. In language appraisal test allots
grades like pass, come up short, palatable, great and incredible. To share
sentiments, feelings with respect to evaluation and English information
abilities. Five regularly established standards: British limit unit hurt,
regarding autonomy, ensuring protection, offering trade, treating
individuals evenhandedly. Limits test size a few times dismissed. In
research technique having benefits and faults. Flowerdew, J. (2019)
Here, the author clarified how the examination is led and Hyland
contends that lone non local speakers face troubles for English. It
accepts that discussion learning is helpful for distribution and it goes
consider hundreds. The greater part of the students under assessing the
English and scopes of structures, jargon and center related issues. L1
essayists can speak with advance students and low level students with
252
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
various dialects. Essayists can join and audit the paper prior to
distributing.
Literary Survey
Akyürek, E., & Afacan, Ö. (2018) Most of the scholars completed
their post graduation simply like schooling and also completed project
work by buying from third party institutes. So, they don't even have idea
about how to complete the project and present their paper. While
coming to PhD, they facing some problems because of no idea about
paper selecting also. Meanwhile they have some family responsibilities,
don't have financial support in that age. They need to effort more while
doing PhD. Because, they have to do this on their own knowledge. To
overcome this problem, They have to learn the process of paper
choosing or for further process in depth.Bocar, A. C. (2013) In this
paper, It was said about the student experience on their education.
Students simply joined college just for degree certification. They are not
supposed to show interest on education or subject to gain knowledge.
Simply come to college for enjoying with their friends. They even don't
have any idea about their future. They are chosen the course as their
friends suggestion, but not on their own effort of knowledge or interest.
By doing like this they don't know what they are doing in college. Simply
sitting in college for attendance and writing exams for getting pass
marks and finally getting a certificate of degree. Guimba, W. D., et. al.,
(2015) Now a days, scholars are not spared from the problems and
challenges in college. Their intellectual and excellence capacity don't
have guarantee for their future purpose. These problems affected by the
students in many ways. Many students or scholars facing some issues
about the mental stress in what they gained in exam results, but not
about the knowledge. Parents also couldn't help for the students future
about what they have to do for next step - Job or higher studies. By this
situation, most of the students still depending on their parents or
guardians.Lei, J., & Hu, G. (2015).The Graduate Students mainly having a
problem of facing interviews whether it was for job or higher studies.
Some students has communication problem as they come from village or
from local language medium. As they have less opportunity for
improving their communication skills, feeling nervous while facing
interviews. So they couldn't able to go for next step in their life. While
going to PhD scholars, if they complete their thesis but have stage fear
or interview fear to present their project. This was the main issue facing
253
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
by some PhD scholars.Huang, J. C. (2010). Many of the students are not
noticed that the situation that English is secondary role in scientific
research, also in writing thesis, and their perspectives about research.
They should also have to know that research by exploring the effects of
publishing practices. Despite the perception of being disadvantaged
because of reviewers’ harsh comments on language, they take little
action to remedy this situation.Aguinis, H., et. al., (1996).The students
should learn how to search the papers related to their publishing paper
to refer related data. This is important to get knowledge about their
research paper. Also selecting particular paper among all search results
and take as a reference. The result of this research may be used as the
one of the reading references for the researcher which wants to conduct
similar study related to this topic. The findings of the study are expected
as a consideration for other scholars who plan to conduct the study
focused on student’s problems in choosing thesis.
Juniartawan, I. P. A., et. al., (2020).A few understudies may
investigate their proposal or may gather required information
effectively, however it is hard to compose on paper what they worked
for. Since a considerable lot of the understudies come from nearby
language medium schools, additionally they were overseen up to post
alumni with little relational abilities. While coming to postulation, they
need to introduce it by own. So they will deal for certain issues on
composing paper as a result of punctuation. The principal issue is their
lower certainty. Understudies may confound in deciding the writing and
feel which is difficult to create presentation.Qasem, F. A. A., &Zayid, E. I.
M. (2019).Understudies dealing with numerous issues recorded as a
hard copy research in L2. Since the examination recommendations are
in L2 capability, the great information on composing abilities causes
them for better introduction. The greater part of them confronting same
issues like muddled points, phrasings of exploration, disappointment in
system, and furthermore issues in announcing the audit of writing. The
primary things that understudies getting issues recorded as a hard copy
proposal are (a) trouble in introducing their thoughts in L2 and (b) not
ready to build up their trust in passing on scholastic voice.Huang, J. C.
(2010). The explanations behind the disparity, are English capability
and public exploration spending, which are fundamentally
corresponded with diary distribution. All in all, the absence of English
capacity as well as non-language related issues can upset researchers'
achievement in distribution . Different examinations investigating the
254
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
way toward composing for distribution explicitly look at how
researchers have adapted to difficulties and how various experts have
amended the papers for them. The outcomes uncover that, to beat
challenges recorded as a hard copy, researchers frequently resort to
distributed writings and the assistance of experts, like disciplinary or
language specialists. Notwithstanding diary guards, these specialists
appear to assume a critical part in molding compositions.Maznun, M. D.
B., et. al., (2017).Up to Post Graduation, Students were simply buy a
project work from small companies or third party institutions and
simply submit in their academics. So, they were facing problems in
writing thesis in PhD. They may not have knowledge to write thesis in
good manner. That was very difficult in making sentences and having
grammatical mistakes. It may difficult for someone to read and facing
poor academic achievement in writing research thesis. This is the main
problem for present scholars while writing academic thesis.
Reid, E. S. (2009). We could almost certainly contend into the
extremely early times about what new composing instructors most need
to know, and not gain a lot of ground toward shared conviction. In fact,
as we face expanded strain to cover a developing assemblage of
information and practice, and have such a lot of material now accessible
to us, it is now hard to oppose pressing factors to drive our instructional
method courses far what's more, wide across the field, to relinquish a
guarantee to inclusion and subsequently make more opportunity for
revelation.Mukminin, A., et. al., (2015).Turning into a decent author
requires talk information on the different points and types of composing
and information on the subjects of understudies' structures. Writing in
English in advanced education is certainly not a solitary element yet
rather for understudies, it embodies a multifaceted assortment of
interconnected capacities, cycles, and connections requiring scholastic
socialization models of scholarly composition. Presently Research
investigating the encounters of understudy instructors in English
scholastic composing is as yet uncommon.Flowerdew, J. (1999). The
issues that researchers may confronting while at the same time
composing are less passing on of articulation; sets aside more effort to
finish; low scope of jargon; they think that it's hard to make claims for
their exploration; their cycle of arrangement might be impacted by their
L1; subjective articles are more hazardous than quantitative articles;
they are limited to a basic style; and the acquaintances and
conversations with academic articles are especially risky parts.Doyle, S.,
255
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
et. al., (2018).Language capability is a repetitive subject in the global
understudy writing. English language utilization that have been
scrutinized by language researchers for, best case scenario, being
shortsighted and, to say the least, neo-bigot. Postgraduate understudies,
including those from SSA, will have assorted English language
foundations. SSA is an enormous district with different ethnic, social and
phonetic gatherings, where English is differently a nearby language (e.g.,
Nigerian English), an/or the authority language, the sole language of
guidance, part of the schooling framework, an unknown dialect (EFL) or
an extra language (EAL).
Statement of the Problem
“Problems faced while writing research work or research papers
with reference to ENGLISH LANGUAGE”. Researchers should zero in on
English capability and language familiarity for rising their abilities in
scholarly exploration composing. by considering language instructors
more worldview on understudies to adapt effectively and center them to
drive the various factors for great examination work. Inspiring the
understudies towards mastering and improve their capability abilities.
Research Objectives
 Inspiring understudies to develop and improve their English language
abilities/capability.
 Empowering understudies to create capacity to obtain universally
understandable English.
 Invigorating understudies to drenching on the grandness of English
language capability.
 Novel understudies to get capability, familiarity and exactness in
English.
Significance of the study
This investigation zeroed in on what are the troubles looked by the
researchers and instructors as for the English language. this will
propose specialists to assist them with disposing of issues with
familiarity and exactness. this will serves to the architects make another
educational plan for the organizations and colleges to zero in additional
on composing abilities concerning scholarly examination.
256
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
Limitations of the study
 This study only limits the research scholars undergoing Ph.D
students.
 It would not extend to anyone because it is limited to teachers in
technical institutions.
 It is only for students who want to improve their English proficiency
and fluency when writing academic papers.
Research Methodology
 Research Method
Kutlay, N. (2013) This paper center around level of including
educators leading the examination and the information can be gathered
from various sources through the language specialists however the
polls. the outcomes shows that the instructors can be surveyed and it
ought to be viable with the scholastic exploration. The researchers ought
to be more practices on research and taken needed help given by the
scholastics. Instructors should prepare them to learn new courses to
concentrate on scholastic examination work alongside educating.
 Questionnaire
I made a Google structure with some questions and choices on a
subject of “Problems faced while writing research work or research
papers with reference to ENGLISH LANGUAGE” and sent it to a Professor
in School of Social Sciences and Languages.
 Population of the sample
Martínez-Mesa, J., et. al. (2016) The Author states nuts and bolts of
inspecting, examining measure, regardless of whether the piece of test
can be incorporated or entire example incorporate. Test size wards on
number of populace took part and test outline is focused to gathering of
focused individuals. Different testing strategies are accessible
dependent on issue apply proper inspecting strategy.
 Data Collection
Martínez, I. M. P. (2020) Information assortment with respect to the
English language realizing and what are measurements are reached by
the research. Different information assortment strategies are applied for
improving outcomes in language capability and gathered the reactions
from the language specialists to be determined what are the results are
257
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
raised while learning and talking in English. The questions are as
follows:
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
4. I struggle to use apt preposition
5. I make errors in punctuation's
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
11. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
13. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
14. I get confused with American and British spellings
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
There are totally 16 (sixteen) questions which are to be responded
mandatory and options are (a) Strongly Agree, (b) Agree, (c) Neutral, (d)
Disagree, (e) Strongly Disagree; to all questions which refers to present
state of the scholars in their English skills.
Data Analysis
Data analysis means a process of cleaning, transforming and
modeling data to discover useful information for Research.
 Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis is a mathematical and statistical method of
studying behavior and predicting outcomes that investors and
management use in their decision-making process. Using complex
statistical models, this analysis quantifies objective data and determines
the effects of a decision on the academic operations. This approach
quantifies trends following patterns and strategies of high-frequency
trading to identify the correlation between the variables and determine
the worthiness of an education.
258
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
 Summary of Analysis
From this analysis, I tried about what are the major or minor
problems faced by research scholars while writing a paper through
sharing a google form to 20 scholars of the school of SSL (School of
Social Sciences & Languages), VIT University, Vellore, with some sort of
questions having same options (Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree
and Strongly Disagree).
The result analysis was shown below by bar graphs for each
question:
I struggle to use appropriate verbs
while writing
12
5
2
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
0
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 1
I commit mistakes in using tenses
9
4
5
2
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 2
The figure-1 represents that 60% of the scholars agree that they
were struggling to use appropriate verbs while writing their research
paper, 25% Neutral, 10% Disagree and 5% of them are strongly agree to
the statement. The figure-2 represents that 45% of the scholars agree
that they were making mistakes in using tenses while writing their
research paper, 25% Disagree, 20% Neutral, and 10% of them are
strongly agree to the statement.
259
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
I have difficulty in using correct
Conjunction
8
8
3
1
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig:3
I struggle to use apt preposition
10
8
2
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
0
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 4
The figure-3 represents that 40% of the scholars agree & another
40% disagree for that they felt difficult in using correct Conjunction
while writing their research paper, 15% Neutral, and 5% of them are
strongly agree to the statement.Thefigure-4 represents that 50% of the
scholars are Neutral for struggling to use apt preposition while writing
their research paper, 40% Agree and 10% of them are Disagree to the
statement.
260
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
I make errors in punctuations
9
6
3
1
Strongly
Agree
1
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig:5
Some of my errors are in the use
of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
10
4
1
Strongly
Agree
5
0
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 6
The figure-5 represents that 45% of the scholars are Agree that they
make errors in punctuation while writing their research paper, 30%
Neutral and 5% of them are Strongly Agree & Disagree each to the
statement.The figure-6 represents that 50% of the scholars are Agree
that they make some errors in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
while writing, 25% Disagree, 20% Neutral and only 5% of them are
Strongly Agree to the statement.
261
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
Use of suitable vocabulary is a big
challenge for me
10
5
2
2
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral
1
Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 7
Sometimes I notice errors in the
use of Singular & Plural forms
7
6
5
2
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 8
The figure-7 represents that 50% of the scholars are Neutral in facing
problems while using suitable vocabularyon writing paper, 25%
Agree,10% Strongly Agree & Disagree each and 5% of them are Strongly
Disagree to the statement.The figure-8 represents that 35% of the
scholars are Disagree that they noticed some errors in the use of
Singular & Plural forms while writing paper, 30% Disagree, 25% Neutral
and only 10% of them are Strongly Agree to the statement.
262
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
I make errors while constructing a
lengthy sentence
8
6
6
0
0
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig:9
I am confused with the use of
active and passive voices
6
4
4
4
2
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 10
The figure-9 represents that 40% of the scholars are Neutral that
they make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence in writing a
paper and30% Agree & Disagree each to the statement.The figure-10
represents that 30% of the scholars are Disagree that they confused
with the use of active and passive voices while writing a paper, 20%
Agree, Neutral & Strongly Disagree and only 10% of them are Strongly
Agree to the statement.
263
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
While writing, I have difficulty
to express what I know
7
6
5
2
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig:11
Sentence construction is a big
trial for me while I express
what I read or what I did
10
6
2
2
0
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Fig: 12
The figure-11 represents that 35% of the scholars areAgree that
they have difficulty to express what they know while writing paper, 30%
Neutral, 25% Disagree and only 10% of them are Strongly Agree to the
statement.The figure-12 represents that 50% of the scholars areAgree
that they had a problem during sentence construction to express what
they read or what they did, 30% Disagree and only 10% of them are
Strongly Agree&Neutral to the statement.
264
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
I notice lot of spelling errors in
my writing
6
5
5
2
2
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig:13
I get confused with American
and British spellings
7
5
4
3
1
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 14
The figure-13 represents that 30% of the scholars are Neutral that
they noticed lot of spelling errors in writing paper, 25% Agree &
Disagree and only 10% of them are Strongly Agree & Strongly Disagree
to the statement. Thefigure-14 represents that 35% of the scholars
areDisagree that they confused with American and British spellings
while writing paper, 25% Agree,20% Neutral, 15% Strongly Agree and
only 5% of them are Strongly Disagree to the statement.
265
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
I use the same words and
phrases repeatedly
7
6
5
2
0
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig:15
I notice translation from my
mother tongue in my writing
6
6
4
3
1
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Neutral Disagree Strongly
Disagree
Fig: 16
The figure-15 represents that 35% of the scholars are agree that
they using the same words and phrases repeatedly while writing a
paper, 30%Disagree, 25%Neutral and only 10% of them are Strongly
Agree to the statement. The figure-16 represents that 30% of the
scholars are Agree & Disagree each about they noticed translation from
their mother tongue in writing a paper, 20%Neutral, 15% Strongly
Disagree and only 5% of them are Strongly Agree to the statement.
266
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
Recommendation
As per my experience, I suggest the researchers to be perfect in
communication language while doing research in this topic and also that
knowledge will be useful to write their research paper. Communication
means not only to write a paper with effective words, also have to be
kind, formal and professional while communication with Professors or
some other authorities in very good manner.
Conclusion
Some of the scholars are poor in English communication skills,
which was concluded in the survey that the result was shown in this
paper. They have agreed that many people were making mistakes in
grammar, punctuation, etc., while writing the research paper. The
Scholars should be improve their communication skills while doing
research, also able to write their research paper in effective manner that
would hopefully to be zero plagiarism.
Reference
1. SddLi, F., Ren, J., & Zhao, H. (2016). Grammatical mistakes in college
English
writing:
Problem
analysis,
reasons
and
solutions. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and
Translation, 2(3), 20-28.
2. Nishanthi, R. (2018). The importance of learning English in today
world. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and
Development, 3(1), 871-874.
3. McKinley, J., & Rose, H. (2018). Conceptualizations of language
errors, standards, norms and nativeness in English for research
publication purposes: An analysis of journal submission
guidelines. Journal of Second Language Writing, 42, 1-11.
4. Rao, P. S. (2019). Effective teaching of writing skills to the English
language learners. International Journal Of English Language,
Literature and Translation Studies (IJELR), 6(4), 196-205.
5. Wang, L., & Fan, J. (2020). Assessing Business English writing: The
development and validation of a proficiency scale. Assessing
Writing, 46, 100490.
6. Rahman, M. S. (2020). The advantages and disadvantages of using
qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods in language
“testing and assessment” research: A literature review.
267
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
7. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or reality. Language
Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
8. Akyürek, E., & Afacan, Ö. (2018). Problems Encountered during the
Scientific Research Process in Graduate Education: The Institute of
Educational Sciences. Higher Education Studies, 8(2), 47-57.
9. Bocar, A. C. (2013). Difficulties encountered by the studentresearchers and the effects on their research output. Proceeding of
the Global Summit on Education, 10.
10. Guimba, W. D., Alico, J. C., & Taib, A. B. (2015). Problems Experienced
by College Student Scholars. International Journal of Innovation and
Research in Educational Sciences. Publisher: Timeline Publication
Pvt. Ltd,. ISSN, 2349-5219.
11. Lei, J., & Hu, G. (2015). Apprenticeship in scholarly publishing: A
student
perspective
on
doctoral
supervisors’
roles. Publications, 3(1), 27-42.
12. Huang, J. C. (2010). Publishing and learning writing for publication
in English: Perspectives of NNES PhD students in science. Journal of
English
for
Academic
Purposes, 9(1),
3344.doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2009.10.001
13. Aguinis, H., Nesler, M. S., Quigley, B. M., Lee, S. J., &Tedeschi, J. T.
(1996). Power bases of faculty supervisors and educational
outcomes for graduate students. The Journal of Higher
Education, 67(3), 267-297.
14. Juniartawan, I. P. A., Sujana, I. M., & Lail, H. (2020). Students’ Mastery
in Phrasal Verbs at Fifth Semester Students of English Department in
The University of Mataram. JurnalIlmiah Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(1),
20-23.
15. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and problems
faced by students in the early stage of writing research projects in
L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Special
Education Research.
16. Huang, J. C. (2010). Publishing and learning writing for publication
in English: Perspectives of NNES PhD students in science. Journal of
English for Academic Purposes, 9(1), 33-44.
17. Maznun, M. D. B., Monsefi, R., & Nimehchisalem, V. (2017).
Undergraduate ESL students’ difficulties in writing the introduction
for research reports. Advances in Language and Literary
Studies, 8(1), 9-16.
268
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.15
18. Reid, E. S. (2009). Teaching writing teachers writing: Difficulty,
exploration, and critical reflection. College Composition and
Communication, 61(2), W197.
19. Mukminin, A., Ali, R. M., & Ashari, M. J. F. (2015). Voices from Within:
Student Teachers' Experiences in English Academic Writing
Socialization
at
One
Indonesian
Teacher
Training
Program. Qualitative Report, 20(9).
20. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication
in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 8(3), 243-264.
21. Doyle, S., Manathunga, C., Prinsen, G., Tallon, R., & Cornforth, S.
(2018). African international doctoral students in New Zealand:
Englishes, doctoral writing and intercultural supervision. Higher
Education Research & Development, 37(1), 1-14.
22. Kutlay, N. (2013). A survey of English language teachers’ views of
research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 188-206.
23. Martínez-Mesa, J., González-Chica, D. A., Duquia, R. P., Bonamigo, R.
R., & Bastos, J. L. (2016). Sampling: how to select participants in my
research study?. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 91(3), 326-330.
24. Martínez, I. M. P. (2020). Methods of data collection in English
empirical linguistics research: Results of a recent survey. Language
Sciences, 78, 101263.
269
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
CHAPTER -16
Complications confronted by researchers during writing and
publishing research papers
RAMYA BHARATHI R
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
ramya.bharathi2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction:
Craig Mitton et al. (2007) shows Information move and trade is as
an intuitive cycle including the exchange of information between
research clients and analyst makers. Notwithstanding numerous
methodologies for KTE, it isn't clear which ones ought to be utilized in
which settings. This article is an audit and union of the KTE writing on
medical services strategy. The audit inspected and summed up KTE's
present proof base for KTE [1]. It tracked down that around 20% of the
investigations covered a real‐world use of a KTE methodology, and less
had been officially assessed. Right now there is a lacking proof base for
doing "evidence‐based" KTE for wellbeing strategy dynamic. Either KTE
should be reconceptualized, or techniques should be assessed all the
more thoroughly to create a more extravagant proof base for future
movement.
Simon Borg (2009) shows that the educators held originations of
exploration lined up with regular logical ideas of request. The
instructors likewise revealed moderate to low degrees of perusing and
doing investigate, with an absence of time, information, and admittance
to material arising as key variables which educators felt restricted their
capacity to be research-locked in. In general, the discoveries of this
investigation highlight various attitudinal, applied, procedural, and
institutional hindrances to instructor research commitment [2].
Understanding these, it is contended here, is a fundamental piece of the
more extensive interaction of attempting to deliver them and
subsequently to make instructor research commitment a more plausible
movement in ELT.
270
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Chang ang Ji Yeon (2014) discoveries show that, while the two
corpora served the members well as reference sources, the specific
corpus was especially esteemed for its immediate assistance in
scholastic composing in light of the fact that, as non-local English-talking
graduate designing understudies, the members needed to follow the
composition shows of their talk local area [3]. The article closes with a
few ideas for better corpus use with EAP understudies in regards to the
gathering of a corpus, corpus preparing, corpus ability, furthermore,
scholarly composition.
Svetlana Rodinadze and Kristine Zarbazoia (2012) say that, this
paper right off the bat talks about the job of data innovation in educating
the English language. The issue of learning dialects is vital today. Data
innovation benefits both conventional instruction organizations and
online instructive models in a general sense [4]. For instance, sight and
sound introductions, information the board programming, video
conferencing, cloud registering and community record altering are
outstanding data innovation administrations profiting instruction. At the
English exercises online we can be joined together to do the ideal
errand. Their various projects, games and they help learn the English
language.
Lousia cook Moats (1994) explains how perusing research upholds
the need for straightforwardly showing ideas phonetic construction to
starting pursuers and to understudies with perusing and spelling
troubles [5]. In this examination, experienced educators of perusing,
language expressions, and specialized curriculum were tried to decide
whether they have the imperative familiarity with language components
and of how these components are addressed recorded as a hard copy.
The outcomes were shockingly poor, demonstrating that even
persuaded and experienced educators commonly see too minimal about
communicated in and composed language design to have the option to
give adequate guidance in these regions. The utility of language
structure information for instructional arranging, for appraisal of
understudy progress, and for remediation of education issues are talked
about.
Yasemin Bayyurt (2007) analyzes the significance of raising
non‐native English language educators' consciousness of various
components of culture in the instructing of English as a global language
[6]. Drawing on the consequences of the meeting study, the creator
shows that there is an overall agreement among the members of the
271
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
investigation on the act of alluding to a 'global culture' with exceptional
accentuation on English‐speaking Anglo‐American societies, just as the
students' neighborhood culture in the English as a Foreign Language
homeroom. In addition, the outcomes additionally uncover the member
instructors' conviction that being a non‐native English‐speaking
educator is a benefit to the extent that social and phonetic issues in the
English language study hall are concerned.
Lai Ping Florence Ma (2012) says that the Native English Teachers
(NETs) Scheme has been set up for more than 20 years in auxiliary
schools in Hong Kong but then how understudies see these instructors is
under‐researched [7]. This article reports an examination that
investigates understudy impression of the benefit and drawbacks of
taking in English from NETs and their non‐native partners, nearby
English instructors. The hindrances of one class of instructors have all
the earmarks of being the converse of the upsides of another.
Information likewise shows that a few understudies experience tension
when experiencing NETs and will in general incline toward certain
educating styles. This examination has critical ramifications for study
hall showing practice and instructor proficient turn of events.
Literary Survey
Sima Ajami et al. (2013) explains that journals are as yet the most
significant media for the spread of logical data. The scientists are
concerned with the distribution of their outcomes in an important diary
with a high position [8]. It is significant for each researcher to distribute
articles in the journals to get acknowledgment for his/her work, acquire
his/her scholastic advancement, pull in new assets for a new
examination, and amplify impacts on present and future research. This
study was an unsystematic-audit study.
Chandrashekhar et al. (2015) explains what is journal, its quality,
rating and future for paper publications. The seen journal has
suggestions past where to distribute, boasting rights after distribution,
or the fulfillment that comes from growing the envelope of science [9].
Advancements, pay rates, impetuses, what's more, research awards rely
upon distributing in first-class journals, and these components, thusly,
can basically influence an agent's capacity to distribute their work in
these very diaries.
Ana Lucia Cardoso Kirchhof et al. (2012) explains distributing is a
prerequisite for any expert who wants to be on top of the universe of
272
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
science. This article does a reflection on certain parts of this subject,
featuring those that may add to a powerful suggestion to journals [10].
In this, they discover articulations of the two creators and editors of
journals in nursing and different regions. For this reason, they planned
this article on after strides: to produce and combine a thought,
characterizing associations, center around the pursuer, pick the journal,
arrange your article, moral issues and sent for distribution.
Masoud Negahdary (2017) explains the investigation, recognizing
the nature of journals and distributers were presented and depicted
which can be utilized as a thorough and worldwide preparing for clients
and dispense with the challenges in distinctive excellent journals from
low-quality journals [11]. The creators are considered as the principle
columns for journals and creators in recognizing offered quality
highlights by journals and distributers are the main thing to pause and
eliminate low-quality journals.
Francoise Salager- Meyer (2008) explains the fundamental issues
looked at by most fringe journals and the job country states play in
logical exercises in agricultural nations [12]. The verbose and nonrambling issues looked by specialists in fringe nations and the
fundamental activities that have as of late been taken to attempt to
settle the unmistakable differences that exist in the realm of academic
distributing are likewise talked about.
Beverlee Warren (2003) explains giving admittance to insightful
logical, specialized, and clinical data is turning into an undeniably
troublesome challenge. Creators should know about the obstructions
confronting the convenient and boundless conveyance of their logical
discoveries [13]. All things considered, the spread of their discoveries
and their resulting sway on society are subject to the achievement or
disappointment of data appropriation, regardless of whether on paper
or electronic structure.
Amin Karimnia (2013) conducts a examination and it is concerned
not just with their challenges, yet in addition with their procedures to
adapt to them. The spotlights on perusing scholastic papers in their field
to learn normal composing designs [14]. This technique was trailed by
all. A big part of these scientists appears to incline toward just to adapt
to their English. Endeavors to embrace the subsequent sort, nonetheless,
would have all the earmarks of being effective over the long haul.
273
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Muhammad Javed et al. (20) examines in choosing the exploration
point, what sort of theme can be chosen at the understudy level? Also,
how might pick a subject? Besides, how to compose the presentation?
[15] The serious issue of an organization is to explore a second language
issue which is a significant issue recorded as a hard copy of an
exploration paper; understudies are tremendously stressed to deal with
this issue. The 50% of understudies of second language having issues
recorded as a hard copy of the examination papers.
Meshal Alfaqiri (2018) conducted an exam and the members of the
examination comprised of 114 Saudi Arabian understudies between the
ages of 15 to 36 [16]. The examination addresses not just centered
around understanding the challenges introduced to the understudies, at
the same time, likewise, the met a cognitive methodologies that the
understudies used to address these difficulties. The outcomes showed
that the members needed involvement with composing English and, in
that capacity, experienced language structure issues.
Hartono et al. (2019)Not with standing, a significant number of
them have issues with English language authority. This examination was
pointed toward recognizing and breaking down language issues of the
Indonesian college teachers recorded as hard copy English scholastic
papers for worldwide distributions [17]. The information was gathered
by survey, what's more, English composing assignments on expressions,
sentences, and passages which were at that point dissected clearly. The
outcomes show that language blunders and botch in language, sentence
structure, jargon, spelling, and word structures were all found in the
subjects' works.
Fawaz Ali Ahmed Qasem et al. (2019) conducts an examination
and the outcomes from study showed that around 70 % of the members
who are composing exploration or leading examination projects in
English is one of the overwhelming difficulties for them [18]. Around
half really like to lead their research in L1, trouble in choosing the point
for research, absence of good information on the system, failure of
discovering current, specific, and related references, absence of interest
in research, absence of comprehension of the topic, absence of time, and
examination directing.
Uma Arifatul Azizah et al. (2018) conducts an examination show
that asserting information was the most troublesome perspective
recorded as a hard copy of the article [19]. Then again, understudies
concur that composition for global distribution is considered as a
274
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
significant activity in the scholarly field, and hereafter, they need to have
a university's backing to plan students composing.
Nazmiye Gurel Cennetkusu (2017) conducts an examination that
looks at the necessities, implies, and fruitful acts of scholastic writing in
English through an extensive review, top to bottom meetings, and tests
of scholarly composition [20]. Results show that if parties in advanced
education become aware of each other's assumptions and practices,
advanced education through an unknown dialect would in all likelihood
deliver fruitful authors.
Sureepong Phothongsunan (2016) discovered three notable
arising subjects, including the requirement for distribution in English;
troubles recorded as a hard copy in English; and the requirement for
demanding examination uphold [21]. The examination proposes that
college teachers need greater consolation and backing to distribute their
scholastic fills in as a method for getting a proficient turn of events,
improving exploration culture, and keeping up and expanding the public
and worldwide standing of the college alongside quality affirmation.
Statement of the problem:
There is a shortcoming in the composing abilities of the primary year
optional stage understudies. They frequently get low scores on their
composing errands. Subsequently, they build up a negative demeanor
towards composing. The issue of the investigation was expressed in the
accompanying inquiries:
a. what blunders are generally made by the student studies?
b. What issues are capable by the student studies?
c. How much is the composing fitness of the student studies?
Research Objectives:
The targets of the examination are:
a. To discover the blunders made by the student studies.
b. To discover the issues experienced by the student studies.
c. To discover the composing ability of the student studies.
275
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Significance of the study:
The aftereffect of the examination gives data on students‟ composing
challenges in English as they move from Junior School with proficiency
abilities in a neighborhood language and step into a senior school where
they begin acquiring education abilities in English. This data would
assist educators with welling educational program experts in conceiving
the prescribed procedures and materials for the powerful educating of
composing of English at Senior High schools and others. Moreover, the
data will add information about the troubles of perusing and composing
associated with instructing and learning English.
Limitations of the study:
140 understudies who learn English as an unknown dialect, who
concentrate in two of the First Senior High School, were picked. as the
subjects for this investigation. They were gotten some information
about two distinct points and answer a composing test. The composed
information was broken down by the scientist regarding distinguishing
and ordering of the linguistic mistakes which were found in spelling,
solitary and plural, tenses, relational words, articles, action words,
upper casing, and accentuation. A sum of 1654 linguistic blunders was
found.
Research Methodology:
I. Research Method:
This investigation applied a descriptive quantitative technique to
gather data and information related to the exploration goals [22].
Descriptive quantitative exploration is information got from the
example study populace broke down as indicated by measurable
strategy utilized. Illustrative exploration in this examination planned to
get an outline and data about the challenges of understudies recorded as
a hard copy logical work.
II. Population of the sample:
The population is a speculation territory comprising of
objects/subjects that have certain characteristics and qualities dictated
by analysts to be concentrated and afterward ends drawn". The
populace in this examination was the seventh-semester understudies
studying English language training in the scholastic year [23]. The
population was comprised of two classes, where each class comprised of
25 understudies, so the aggregate population was 50 understudies.
276
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
III.Data Collection:
To address the research question, the poll comprising of three
sections was appropriated to the seventh-semester understudies of the
English Education Department, UMI Faculty of Writing [24]. To expect
understudies who were absent, the specialist gave a poll at the following
gathering. Though to discover the overall mistakes of understudies
recorded as hard copy logical papers, exposition test was given by first
giving composing directions.
Quantitative Analysis:
Quantitative Analysis (QA) is a method that utilizes numerical and
factual demonstrating, estimation, and exploration to get conduct.
Quantitative investigators address a given reality as far as mathematical
worth. Quantitative Analysis is applied to the estimation, execution
assessment, valuation of a monetary instrument, and anticipating
certifiable occasions like changes in GDP.
Quantitative Analysis gives experts instruments to inspect and
dissect past, current, and expected future occasions. Any subject
including numbers can be evaluated; accordingly, QA is utilized in
numerous fields including insightful science, monetary examination,
sociology, and coordinated games. In the monetary world, investigators
who depend carefully on QA are oftentimes alluded to as "quants" or
"quant jockeys."
Why Quantitative analysis:
The upsides of quantitative analysis depend principally on the high
benefit of having effectively estimated mathematical information
gathered from huge populaces. This kind of examination utilizes
straightforward and financially savvy information assortment
arrangements to accumulate data that can show a shrewd effect on the
future choices of an association. This quantifiable information is
fundamental for makers, for instance, as strong and solid considers
decipher along with beneficial creation. Additionally, quantitative
investigation can come up as a solid determinant of accomplishment in
business and different fields.
Notwithstanding the previously mentioned benefits, another benefit
of quantitative investigation is an arrangement for reproduced and
summed up information. Duplicated and summed up customer study
can be rehashed at normal stretches to stay up with the latest and exact.
277
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Additionally, the quantitative analysis can be checked advantageously
by workers with little investigation or exploration foundation. The
assessment of how well an item or administration sells over weeks,
months, or years, comparative testing apparatuses and techniques are
utilized more than once by the quantitative investigation.
Specialists who utilize quantitative analysis strategy are normally
hoping to evaluate the degree and emphasize target estimations through
surveys, polls, and reviews, or by controlling current measurable
information utilizing computational procedures. Immediately, the
objective in quantitative exploration is to comprehend the connection
between an autonomous and ward variable in a populace.
How Quantitative analysis:
There are four types of quantitative research and they are:
1. Descriptive Research - The descriptive Research technique is more
centered around the 'what' of the topic as opposed to the 'why'.i.e. it
plans to depict the current status of a variable or wonder. The distinct
examination is essential as it sounds – it portrays conditions. It tends
to be utilized to characterize respondent attributes, coordinate
correlations, measure information patterns, approve existing
conditions. Information assortment is for the most part by perception
and the scientist doesn't start with speculation at the same time,
makes one after the information is gathered. Though valuable, this
technique can't make inferences from got information and can't
decide circumstances and logical results.
2. Correlational Research - Correlational Research is a non-trial
research strategy, where the specialist estimates two factors, and
studies the factual relationship for example the connection between's
factors. The analyst eventually evaluates that relationship without
impact from any fringe variable. Let's take this model, without study
hall instructing, our psyches identify with the way that the 'stronger
the jingle of a frozen yogurt truck is, the nearer it is to us'. We
likewise remember the jingle that comes from the speakers of the
truck. Also, if there are various frozen yogurt trucks nearby with
various jingles, we would have the option to remember every last bit
of it and relate specific jingles to specific trucks. This is the means by
which correlational strategy works. The most noticeable element of
correlational examination is that the two factors are not estimated –
278
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
nor are manipulated. A relationship has to bear and can be either sure
or negative. It can likewise contrast in the degree or strength of the
relationship.
3. Experimental Research - Frequently alluded to as 'genuine
experimentation', this kind of exploration strategy utilizes a logical
technique to build up the cause-impact relationships among a
gathering of factors. It is regularly characterized as a sort of
exploration where the researcher effectively impacts something to
notice the results. It is an orderly and logical way to deal with
research wherein the specialist controls at least one factor, and
controls/randomizes any change in different factors. Trial research is
regularly utilized in sciences like humanism and brain science,
physical science, science, science, and medication, etc.
4. Quasi- experimental Research - The prefix quasi signifies "looking
like". Quasi test research looks like exploratory examination yet is
certifiably not genuine test research. It is regularly alluded to as
'Causal-Comparative'. In this sort of exploration, the specialist tries to
build up a reason impact connection between two factors and
controls the autonomous variable.
Summary of Analysis:
Fig-1
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to use appropriate
verbs while writing research paper and it shows that 2% strongly agree,
5% agree, 4% disagree, 5% strongly disagree and 4% neutral.
279
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Since agree and strongly agree are less than disagree and neutral, it
seems like not many researchers face problem in this.
Fig- 2
This bar chart shows how researchers commit mistakes while using
tenses, while writing research paper and it shows that 1% strongly
agree, 4% agree, 6% disagree, 6% strongly disagree and 3% neutral.
Here, disagree and strongly disagree seems more and it clearly shows
that it is not a big problem.
Fig-3
This bar chart shows how researchers face difficulty in using correct
conjunction while writing research paper and it shows that 2% strongly
agree, 2% agree, 6% disagree, 2% strongly disagree and 8% neutral.
Here, it goes neutral in facing the problem.
280
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Fig-4
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to use apt preposition
while writing research paper and it shows that 2% strongly agree, 1%
agree, 7% disagree, 2% strongly disagree and 8% neutral. Here, the
neutral goes higher then rest all , so it means that the researchers do
have partial problem in this.
Fig-5
This bar chart shows how researchers make errors in punctuations
while writing research paper and it shows that 1% strongly agree, 4%
agree, 7% disagree, 2% strongly disagree and 6% neutral. Here, many
disagree to have trouble to use punctuations.
281
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Fig-6
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to use capital and
small letters while writing research paper and it shows that nobody
strongly agree, 1% agree, 6% disagree, 9% strongly disagree and 4%
neutral. Here, many researchers strongly disagree on this problem.
Fig-7
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to use suitable
vocabulary while writing research paper and it shows that nobody
strongly agree, 8% agree, 4% disagree, 4% strongly disagree and 4%
neutral. Here, many researchers have agreed that they have trouble in
selecting suitable vocabulary.
282
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Fig-8
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to use appropriate
singular and plural forms while writing research paper and it shows that
nobody strongly agree, 5% agree, 6% disagree, 6% strongly disagree
and 3% neutral. Here, disagree and strongly disagree goes more than
agree. So not many face problem.
Fig-9
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to construct a lengthy
sentence while writing research paper and it shows that 3% strongly
agree, 5% agree, 7% disagree, 1% strongly disagree and 4% neutral.
Here, many do face problem in constructing a lengthy sentence.
283
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Fig-10
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to use appropriate
verbs while writing research paper and it shows that nobody strongly
agree, 8% agree, 6% disagree, 3% strongly disagree and 3% neutral.
Here, many researchers agree that they face problem to select suitable
active and passive voices.
Fig-11
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to express what they
know while writing research paper and it shows that 1% strongly agree,
5% agree, 9% disagree, 3% strongly disagree and 2% neutral. Here,
many disagree that they have difficulty to express what they know.
284
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Fig-12
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to construct sentence
to express what they read or what they did while writing research paper
and it shows that 1% strongly agree, 5% agree, 7% disagree, 4%
strongly disagree and 3% neutral. Here, many goes disagree and
strongly disagree on this problem so it is not big a deal.
Fig-13
This bar chart shows how researchers face trouble of spelling errors
while writing research paper and it shows that nobody strongly agree,
3% agree, 8% disagree, 6% strongly disagree and 3% neutral. Here, not
many researchers face trouble in spelling mistakes.
285
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Fig-14
This bar chart shows how researchers get confused with American
and British spellings while writing research paper and it shows that 1%
strongly agree, 3% agree, 9% disagree, 3% strongly disagree and 4%
neutral. Here, many researchers disagree strongly on this confusion, so
spellings is not a big problem while writing a paper.
Fig-15
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to use same words
and phrases repeatedly while writing research paper and it shows that
nobody strongly agree, 4% agree, 9% disagree, 2% strongly disagree
and 5% neutral. Here, many researchers disagree on using repetitive
words which is a good thing.
286
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Fig-16
This bar chart shows how researchers struggle to translate from
mother tongue while writing research paper and it shows that 1%
strongly agree, 3% agree, 3% disagree, 7% strongly disagree and 6%
neutral. Here, not many researchers face problem in translating from
mother tongue to English.
Recommendation:
While there is a lot of exploration expected to create and standard
evaluation instruments, to adjust or reform surviving measures, and to
test the adequacy of instructional techniques and mediations for ELLs
and ELL/Ds, instructors and experts are at present confronted with
showing understudies currently, individualizing their guidance, and
concluding whether to allude understudies for specific administrations
and what sorts of references to make. The exploration plan laid out in
this article clearly conveys with its suggestions for practice. A couple of
these ramifications are momentarily talked about, however, we have
additionally incorporated some functional ideas for interval practice
while anticipating the products of this exploration plan.
287
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
Conclusion:
In synopsis, in spite of the fact that jargon is fundamentally essential
to understanding and ELLs fall behind their English-talking peers inside
and out and broadness of jargon information, there has been almost no
test research in the previous 25 years that explores the advancement of
jargon in language minority understudies obtaining English as a cultural
language. There is a requirement for extra examination to decide
whether there is a bunch of words that ought to be instructed to ELLs,
how the rundown contrasts as indicated by first-language foundations,
and the request in which words ought to be educated. Also, there is a
need to test the viability of explicit techniques for jargon guidance with
this populace. We trust that this article will help direct and animate
extra exploration on jargon advancement and other phonetically-based
intercessions that can work with the perusing and instructive cycle for
ELL understudies. Further, we trust that, with sound mediations to
create jargon and understanding in ELLs, fewer understudies will be
analyzed as learning impaired, in view of low execution in these spaces.
Reference:
1. Mitton, C., Adair, C. E., McKenzie, E., Patten, S. B., & Perry, B. W.
(2007). Knowledge transfer and exchange: review and synthesis of
the literature. The Milbank Quarterly, 85(4), 729-768.
2. Borg, S. (2009). English language teachers’ conceptions of
research. Applied linguistics, 30(3), 358-388.
3. Chang, J. Y. (2014). The use of general and specialized corpora as
reference sources for academic English writing: A case
study. ReCALL: the Journal of EUROCALL, 26(2), 243.
4. Rodinadze, S., & Zarbazoia, K. (2012). The advantages of
information technology in teaching English language. Frontiers of
Language and Teaching, 3(5), 271-275.
5. Moats, L. C. (1994). The missing foundation in teacher education:
Knowledge of the structure of spoken and written language. Annals
of dyslexia, 44(1), 81-102.
6. Bayyurt, Y. (2006). Non‐native English language teachers’
perspective on culture in English as a Foreign Language
classrooms. Teacher Development, 10(2), 233-247.
7. Florence Ma, L. P. (2012). Advantages and disadvantages of
native‐and
nonnative‐English‐speaking
teachers:
Student
perceptions in Hong Kong. TESOL quarterly, 46(2), 280-305.
288
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
8. Ajami, S., & Movahedi, F. (2013). Challenges for authors and
publishers in scientific journal. Paskistan Journal of Medical
Sciences, 29(1), 432-436.
9. Chandrashekhar, Y., & Narula, J. (2015). Challenges for research
publications: what is journal quality and how to measure it?.
10. Kirchhof, A. L. C., & Lacerda, M. R. (2012). CHALLENGES AND
PROSPECTS FOR PUBLISHING ARTICLES–CONSIDERATION BASED
ON STATEMENTS FROM AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS. Texto &
Contexto-Enfermagem, 21(1), 185-193.
11. Negahdary, M. (2017). Identifying scientific high quality journals
and publishers. Publishing Research Quarterly, 33(4), 456-470.
12. Salager-Meyer, F. (2008). Scientific publishing in developing
countries: Challenges for the future. Journal of English for academic
purposes, 7(2), 121-132.
13. Warren, B. (2003, October). Current challenges and choices in
scientific publication. In Baylor University Medical Center
Proceedings (Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 401-404). Taylor & Francis.
14. Karimnia, A. (2013). Writing research articles in English: Insights
from Iranian university teachers’ of TEFL. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 70, 901-914.
15. MUNSHI, D. P., Javed, M., & HUSSAIN, D. I. (2012). EXAMINATION
IN SEMESTER SYSTEM: WHAT IS OBSERVATION OF FACULTY AND
STUDENTS?. The Sindh University Journal of Education-SUJE, 41.
16. Alfaqiri, M. (2018). English second language writing difficulties and
challenges among Saudi Arabian language learners. Journal for the
Study of English Linguistics, 6(1), 24-36.
17. Hartono, R. A., Nugroho, K. Y., & Maerani, I. A. (2019). Lecturers’
language problems in writing english papers for international
publications. Journal of education and learning (EduLearn), 13(2),
239-246.
18. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
19. Azizah, U. A., & Budiman, A. (2018). Challenges in writing academic
papers for international publication among Indonesian graduates
students. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics
Studies), 4(2), 175-198.
289
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.16
20. Cennetkuşu, N. G. (2017). International students’ challenges in
academic writing: A case study from a prominent US
university. Dilve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 13(2), 309-323.
21. Phothongsunan, S. (2016). Thai university academics’ challenges of
writing for publication in English. Theory and Practice in Language
Studies, 6(4), 681-685.
22. Chuming, W., Ruiying, N., & Xiaoxiang, Z. (2000). Improving English
through writing,[J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 3.
23. Sulaiman, R., & Muhajir, M. (2019). The Difficulties Of Writing
Scientific Work At The English Education Students. Journal of
English Education, 4(1), 54-60.
24. Lundstrom, K., & Baker, W. (2009). To give is better than to receive:
The benefits of peer review to the reviewer's own writing. Journal
of second language writing, 18(1), 30-43.
TOPICS:
Problems faced by students, scholars and teachers while
identifying journals to publish research papers
Problems faced by students, scholars and teachers while using
effective English language to write their research papers
Common problems faced by students, scholars and teachers while
writing research papers
IMPORTANCE OF PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
IN THE PROCESS OF ACADEMIC WRITING
290
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
CHAPTER -17
The evolution and impact of English language for the research
students
SATHIYA PRIYA R
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
sathiyapriya.r2020@vitstudent.ac.in
INTRODUCTION
A language which is constantly challenge for all the students and
teacher around the world is English even though many of them are
trying to find a new methods and technique in making English to be
understandable in better manner with lots of efforts some of the
students initially feeling scared towards that to overcome this an
important technique has been adopted in English class which is known
as “Warm Up”. This warm up makes the students to involves make
activity like listening, reading and writing so each one of them
understand the importance of the English language.
English plays an important role in education by developing the
ability to speak, write will make us to obtain great opportunity. Initially
learning English seems to be difficult task but now a huge opportunity
has been present everywhere with the help of internet advanced
learning is become possible for everyone and at everywhere. Some
people are not good at speaking English but they can understand in
better manner some of the people can speak good in English but they fail
in writing, they tend to get spelling mistake, tenses problem and some
error while framing the sentences.
Generally grammatical errors occur while writing the paper in
English we can addresses these problems by understanding are
highlighting two questions they are
i.What are general grammatical errors made by the student
ii.What is the most common grammatical error made by the student
and its classification
291
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
After understanding these questions some of the errors are identified
like noun, verb, preposition and sentence mostly the student commits
the mistake in noun group which must be rectified to improve their
writing skill.
An investigation has been done to analyse the factors which are
affecting the writing skill for the student. A questionnaire was used to
collect data from the students the questionnaire contains general
information about the student, interest and their potential regarding
writing the paper and the most important thing is to find the factor
which makes the students to cause error while writing the paper. After
the survey they conclude the English writing courses must be conducted
for the learner to improve their writing skill more effectively.
The importance of English proficiency and communication skill will
always play a vital role in the academic and for employee also a result
has been published where the employee in Malaysia who work in
private sector, they viewed the English language proficiency and
communication skills as two different qualities. They ranked fourth as
their importance of English language proficiency skill. For future
employment and graduate this English language provides a qualitative
method for interviews where student investigate the awareness and
barrier to overcome.
The English language is very rich in idioms when it comes writing a
paper the modes of expression is very important and its must be very
peculiar in the logical and grammatical rules without idioms English
language will lost its riches in speeches and in writing. For writing a
good academic paper it is important to use idioms since it will enhance
the content riches.
Some of the disadvantage which are present while publishing the
paper in English, reading the comprehension of the paper, time anxiety
and writing ease without having the basic knowledge in English
publishing the paper in second language can leads to unwanted financial
cost. Meanwhile the rejection or revision of the paper was reported by
43.5%. The problem which scholars are facing in writing and publishing
the paper in second language like English is they do have an adequate
proficiency. This is believed as extra burden for them. Mostly native and
non-native writers face the issues when it comes for writing and
publishing the paper in English.
292
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
LITERARY SURVEY
Gasparyan AYet.al.(2019)The open access publishing is getting
advanced due to the presence of digital tool, publishing platform. There
are some criteria for exploring the comprehensive approach to open
access publishing like upgrading quality of the journal, transparency,
ethical standard of the journal evaluation metric and visibility. Now days
open access journal has become very familiar since it is loaded with “N”
number of journals and it been easy to access it. To know the depth of
the article in different social media comment about article also present
which make our work simple.
Wong T.Eet.al. (2017)Once the researchers are ready with the paper
the next step will be choosing the journal to publish the paper. This
article will focus about multiple objectives of journal submission the
first objective is to share the knowledge and the second one-time
commitment and third is taking a count about number of rejection and
resubmission of the article. The author must set these as objective and
path for submitting the paper. And the next step is to highlight the
impact factor about the journal.
Habibzadeh F et.al. (2017)Now days there is no assurance are trust
for publishing the paper in journal because of predatory journal which
has been spread widely. And the academic promotion is based on motive
of publish or perish. This leads to growth of predatory journal where,
acceptable of the article and the processing charges will be very fast.
When people depend on internet for accessing the information
sometime it leads to fake data. It is mandatory to raise the awareness
about research and publication integrity issues like plagiarism,
authorship and peer review.
Pawar, V. J et.al.(2020)This article clarifies about the facts of
predatory journal and create awareness for all the researchers some of
the features about the predatory journal are fast publication, poor peer
review, publication fee and plagiarism is ignored to tackle this problem
the academicians must trained with digital skills to identify the low
quality article and many polices must be introduced in publication
literacy for the researchers. The researchers must be clear about ISSN
number, impact factor and quality of paper published previously in that
journal.
Laine, C et.al (2017) Without meeting any scholarly publishing
standard only for the financial profit some of the article has been
published it can be generally referred to the term as “Predatory”. In this
293
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
predatory journal they try to publishing all the article which they are
receiving without fail they never try to conduct external peer review.
One of the common things what predatory journal does to attract the
people, is they will be sending frequent mail and giving assurance like
they will publish the paper with low author fee and with high impact
factor. Now days Predatory journals are the most common type of
pseudo-journals which has been increased a lot in online platform.
Wicherts J. M et.al.(2016) Since the publication of paper has been
increase widely the peer review in Open Access (OA) and in traditional
journal need to meet many requirement-like authors, publishers,
funders and institution to ensure the quality of peer review in the
academic journal. To achieve the transparency in peer review, process a
validate tool must be used which ensure the reliability and validity of
the journal. The transparency of the peer review process must be
ensured in both open access and in the traditional journal.
Javed Muhammad et.al (2019) This paper focus on the problem faced
by the student while writing the research in second language Eighty
percent of student fail in this case. The main aim of Research is to find
the problem and propose a solution where most of the student fail
because of not having basic idea regarding this and poor literature
survey. This paper highlights some issues like plagiarism some student
with proper guidance complete the paper and the responsible of guide is
described in this paper.
Qasem Fawaz et.al (2019) This paper focuses the difficulties on
writing skill for the student who learn Arab, Arabic speaking student
face the difficult in writing the paper in English, they needed a good
productive skill, good cognitive and linguistic abilities. Mostly student is
not showing interested in writing research paper because of this writing
skill problem to overcome from all these the student must paid some
special attention like good knowledge of specialization in English that
help I to improve their writing skill.
Karimnia. A(2013) Writing the research document is again the most
challenging task for student. This article describes the difference nonnative writers. Reading academic research paper is typical in writing
paper. Half of the researchers identify the cope of English while writing
the Research paper. This paper highlights two important question like
1.Difficulties for a non-English researcher for writing research article
2.Learning/writing strategies to deals these difficulties
294
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Initially the junior researchers face the difficulty due to lack of
vocabulary
Tiwari, H.P(2019) Thesis writing is an important stage in research
where a lot investigation requires in authentic. The writing task of a
thesis involve some steps and protocol like choosing area and its sub
area and collecting reference materials. And these must be done in a
systematic manner and it must be precise where we can evaluate the
student skill, knowledge and attitude. An investigation has done to
identify the major problem faced by the student while writing in English.
Aitchison, C. (2015) This paper highlights the nature of writing skill
and its development for the research scholars and also shows the
complexities of writing research paper. It has been identified that
writing is a process which leads to production writing is recognized as a
important factor which leads to creative and intellectual factor for the
researchers. One should inherit the importance of writing which
develop the confidence and capacities for the researchers. Writing
should be a progress to the student which makes them to think a lot.
Chien, S. C. (2019). This research article describes the problem faced by
Taiwanese researchers. Where the researchers are expected to use
English language to write the research paper, in this case most of
researchers reported problem in writing they are aware of research and
their problem but they feel difficult in language. A review has been
proposed in this paper where it shows the problem in publication of
journal and domain loss in national language and researchers having
dilemma about publishing the research paper in local journal are in
international journal.
Wise, K. (2005)The article implies the importance of writing and
benefits of writing skills like thinking skills and its develop one’s
personality. Only 49% writing skill is encouraged which is less
important. A research has been founded where 58% found favour in
writing in foreign language. A finding illustrates where students are
giving important to second language for writing they are not expertise in
formal language and the responsibility of teachers are they should give
more importance to students to develop writing skill. Writing skill is the
most important skill in student career.
Borg, E. (2000). This paper illustrates the difficulties in citation
practices for native and non-native English-speaking student. Student
must develop a independent research skill, which involves integrate,
understanding the research work having intellectual confidence. The
295
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
citation will be counted for student. Citation is analysed grounded data
students to write the research paper it will take time for nearly two
weeks. Students are encouraged to develop extensive reading quality
they should not limit their source. Citation takes stance to the source of
the paper itself.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The main problem statement for researchers and teacher in English
language is, they are feeling it is difficult and many hindrances are
present to understand the language and write the paper correctly
without having any grammatical error.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The main objective is writing a good research paper and knowing the
depth of English language. Because even though English has been
considered as second language the most popular and familiar language
which is known throughout the world. And the importance of the
English language must understand fully.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is considered as important, because the researcher and
student must understand the meaning of the language, the authorities
must take the necessary steps regarding fluency and accuracy of the
English language.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study is limited for research scholar who is undergoing PH.D
program and for the teacher who is working in the technical institution.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method
Research method can be conducted in different method like survey A
survey has been made for 2308 pupils regarding the English language
and what are the problems faced by the student. The survey outcome
was seen as positive and its finding was unique regarding the
opportunities and difficulties faced by the student to develop their
efficiency in language.
296
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Population of the sample
Sampling is the important method in finding the needs, it is the
collection of information which allows us to know more about the
requirement and reliable quantitative comparisons between the input
and cumulative output obtained at the last.
The sample which is assigned to me is from the department of VSIGN and V-SPARC totally 36 sample of input data has been sended to
the faculty member and cumulative the output is received where the
output is differing from person to person according to their perspective.
Data Collection
Data collection is useful for the researchers to work in a systematic
manner where we collect the data, and this is integral part in research.
There are many types of research method like survey, experimental and
historical. The survey research involves in collecting the data and it test
the hypotheses to answered question in which we know about the
people’s opinion about research and this survey describes the
characteristics of specific population of data.For Data Collection we have
prepared some questionaries all these questions are mailed in the
format of Google Form and cumulatively response has been collected
from each faculty member. Where each and every one different opinion
are known.
Questions
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
4. I struggle to use apt preposition
5. I make errors in punctuations
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
11. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
13. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
14. I get confused with American and British spellings
297
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
Answers
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
DATA ANALYSIS
Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis is an analysis technique that aims to
understand behaviour through the use of statistical modelling,
measurement, and research. The main aim of assigning a numerical
value to variables by the quantitative analysts is to reflect reality
mathematically. Quantitative analysis can be performed for various
reasons like performance evaluation and measurement. The purpose of
quantitative research is to generate knowledge and create
understanding about the social world. Quantitative research is used by
social scientists, including communication researchers, to observe
phenomena or occurrences affecting individuals. When we are trying to
quantify a problem, quantitative data will conclude on its purpose and
understand how dominant it is by looking for results that can be
projected to a larger population.This data collection method includes
various forms of online, paper, mobile, kiosk surveys, online polls,
systematic observations; face-to-face interviews, phone interviews and
so on.
Qualitative research is explanatory and is used when the researcher
has no idea what to expect. It is used to define the problem or develop
and approach to the problem.It is used to delve deeper into issues of
interest. Qualitative data adds the details and can also give a human
voice to your results.Use this type of research method if you want to do
in-depth interviews, want to analyse issues affecting focus groups, want
uninterrupted observation and ethnographic participation.
298
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Summary of Analysis
Fig- 1
Fig 1 Illustrate the number of people struggle to use appropriate
verb while writing is less and 50% of the people did not agree with this
phrase
Fig-2
Fig 2 Illustrate that only 50% of people only tends to make mistake
while using the tense
299
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Fig- 3
Fig 3 Illustrate that nearly 60% people faces the problem in using
correct conjunction in the sentences and some of the people are in
neutral stage where it implies sometimes, they tend to make mistakes.
Fig- 4
Fig 4 Illustrate that 60% of the people fail to are in neutral and in
disagree stage that they use appropriate preposition in their context
300
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Fig- 5
Fig 5 Illustrate that more that 50% of the people are not aware of
using correct punctuations in their sentences and 50% of the people
disagree with this statement
Fig- 6
Fig 6 Illustrate that more than 50% of the people struggle to
differentiate capital and small letters in their sentences
301
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Fig- 7
Fig 7 Illustrate 50% of the people are in neutral stage sometime they
use suitable vocabulary and sometimes they fail to use correct
vocabulary
Fig- 8
Fig 8 Illustrate the errors in singular and plural form is common. The
chance for everything is in the ratio of 50%, The probability of using in
correct manner and the probability of making mistakes
302
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Fig- 9
Fig 9 Illustrate that more than 50% of the people disagree with the
statement and its clearly known the chance of making errors in a
lengthy sentence is very low.
Fig- 10
Fig 10 Illustrate using the active and passive voice is confusing for
most of the people where they agree and some of the people are in
neutral stage.
303
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Fig- 11
Fig 11 Illustrate that 50% of the people faces the issues to express
what they come across while writing in English language.
Fig- 12
Fig 12 Illustrate that most of the people faces the issues while to
express to read in this phrase 50% of the people disagree and 50% of
the people are in neutral stage where they also tend to face the issues
sometimes.
304
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Fig- 13
Fig 13 Illustrate that people when are writing a paragraph are
lengthy statement, they observe some errors in their writing where 65%
of people are in accepting their problem
Fig- 14
Fig 14 Illustrate the complexity of the language between the
American and British where more than 50% of the people facing the
issues
305
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Fig- 15
Fig 15 Illustrate the nature of the words and phrases sometimes we
tend to make mistake between these both again and again we use the
similar words in a sentence. Where more than 60% of the people agree
with this statement
I notice translation from my
mother tongue in my writing
9
4
4
2
Strogly Agree
1
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Fig- 16
Fig 16 Illustrate that some of the people are familiar in their
language and they are strong in English language since it is more
familiar and we are strong in that 50% of the people disagree with this
statement.
306
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
RECOMMENDATION
As a researchers I would like to recommend other researchers to
know the importance’s of English language because it will be very
useful and the end many can able to express their ideas and invention in
their own mother tongue but if this should be reached in universal
manner it is mandatory to know other language where throughout the
universe we can share our ideas and thought in such case my first
preferences is to know the language and its importance’s means English
language is the key for all. For the future researchers it is wise and
important to know the impact of this English language a progress step
must be established is there for the future researchers.
CONCLUSION
I have been evaluated myself personally to know the depth and
strongness of my language, by going through many papers in literature
survey different perspective and importance of the English language
from many authors are known estimated. And for the society it will be
useful by identifying each the subjective knowledge in different area.
Learning is not a short-term process to acquire a knowledge
regarding this we must undergo in long term of learning the duration
can be prolonged in literature survey to learn more.
Reference
1. Macías, L. M. C., & Zambrano, R. Y. C. The Advantages Of Using
Warm Up Activities To Engage Students In The English Language
Teaching And Learning Process: An Experience From “Go Teacher”
Program. Revista Órbita Pedagógica ISSN, 2409, 0131
2. Amrulloh, M. N. F. Paper Writing English 16 Problem that arise in
learning English.
3. Tlonaen, Z. A. (2020). Grammatical Error Found in the Academic
Essays Written by Students of English Education. Lectura: Jurnal
Pendidikan, 11(1), 15-30.
4. Mahakaew, V. What Are the Factors Affecting Writing Skills as
Perceived by Undergraduate Students in the English Academic
Writing Class?
5. Ting, S. H., Marzuki, E., Chuah, K. M., Misieng, J., & Jerome, C. (2017).
Employers’ views on the importance of English proficiency and
communication skill for employability in Malaysia. Indonesian
Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 315-327
307
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
6. De Caro, E. E. R. (2009). The advantages and importance of learning
and using idioms in English. Cuadernos de Lingüística Hispánica,
(14), 121-136.
7. Ramírez-Castañeda, V. (2020). Disadvantages in preparing and
publishing scientific papers caused by the dominance of the English
language in science: The case of Colombian researchers in
biological sciences. PloS one, 15(9), e0238372.
8. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or
reality. Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
9. Smith, P. K., & Shu, S. (2000). What good schools can do about
bullying: Findings from a survey in English schools after a decade
of research and action. Childhood, 7(2), 193-212.
10. Lieven, E., & Behrens, H. (2012). Dense sampling.
11. Cln, L. I. S., &Iro, L. (2013). Data collection techniques a guide for
researchers in humanities and education. International Research
Journal of Computer Science and Information Systems (IRJCSIS),
2(3), 40-44.
12. Asparyan AY, Yessirkepov M, Voronov AA, Koroleva AM, Kitas GD.
Comprehensive Approach to Open Access Publishing: Platforms
and Tools. J Korean Med Sci. 2019 Jul 15;34(27):e184. doi:
10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e184.
PMID:
31293109;
PMCID:
PMC6624413.
13. Wong, T. E., Srikrishnan, V., Hadka, D., & Keller, K. (2017). A multiobjective decision-making approach to the journal submission
problem. PloS
one, 12(6),
e0178874.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178874
14. Habibzadeh F, Simundic AM. Predatory journals and their effects
on scientific research community. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2017 Jun
15;27(2):270-272. doi: 10.11613/BM.2017.028. PMID: 28694717;
PMCID: PMC5493176
15. Pawar, V. J., & Jawade, J. (2020). An insight into predatory
journals. Indian journal of public health, 64(1), 86–89.
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.IJPH_249_19
16. Laine, C., & Winker, M. A. (2017). Identifying predatory or pseudojournals. Biochemiamedica, 27(2),285–291.
https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2017.031
17. Wicherts J. M. (2016). Peer Review Quality and Transparency of the
Peer-Review Process in Open Access and Subscription
308
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.17
Journals. PloS
one, 11(1),
e0147913.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147913
18. Javed, Muhammad. (2019). What are the problems for Students In
Writing The First Research Paper In A Second LanguageI JOHMN
(International
Journal
Online
of
Humanities).5.17.10.24113/ijohmn.v5i5.139.
19. Qasem, Fawaz & Zayid, Elrasheed. (2019). The Challenges And
Problems Faced By Students In The Early Stage Of Writing
Research Projects In L2, University Of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. 33.
10.5281/zenodo.2557036
20. Karimnia, A. (2013). Writing research articles in English: Insights
from Iranian university teachers’ of TEFL. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 70, 901-914.
21. Tiwari, H. P. (2019). Writing Thesis in English Education:
Challenges Faced by Students. Journal of NELTA Gandaki, 1, 45-52.
22. Aitchison, C. (2015). Writing the Practice/Practise the Writing:
Writing challenges and pedagogies for creative practice
supervisors and researchers. Educational Philosophy and
Theory, 47(12), 1291-1303.
23. Chien, S. C. (2019). Writing for scholarly publication in English for
Taiwanese researchers in the field of English teaching. SAGE
Open, 9(3), 2158244019870187
24. Wise, K. (2005). The importance of writing skills. Public Relations
Quarterly, 50(2), 37.
25. Borg, E. (2000). Citation practices in academic writing. Patterns
and perspectives: Insights into EAP writing practice, 26-44
309
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
CHAPTER -18
A comparative analysis of the issues faced by research scholar
in writing English and in publishing their research paper
SHUBHAM
Research Scholar, School of Electronics Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
shubham.2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Writing is the most important aspect in gaining command over any
topic. Reading and Writing make us wise and if we can deliver the thing
that we think, it brings out the best version of our thought process. One
should read a lot because I believe reading creates emotions in its
reader.It can develop empathy in the author. So reading and writing the
language is a must when it comes to the language since English is the
most widely accepted language as the communication medium so ideally
speaking we should have a basic knowledge of the subject. If we talk
about our technical aspect of the language, here it becomes the most
essential parameter. Because Writing converts our thought into words,
it adds language to the data, bringing it to life so, reading, writing and
publishing are very important in the research field. In this paper
categorically we will study the issues, advantages, and disadvantages
related to the English language so that we can avoid committing
minimum mistakes.
The research paper published by Victori, M. (1999)discussed the role
of English knowledge while writing like a research paper. While writing
the paper the author used a survey-based method to list out the
importance which was as follows. The author found that a person who
has studied English as a second language is lacking in some key aspects
like sentence framing and using the correct grammar. They lacked in
vocabularies in comparison with the students who had English as their
mother or first language. An effective solution suggested by the author
was to focus more on the writing techniques.Proper planning, correct
use of formatting, and using vocabulary were necessary.
310
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
A similar study was done by Schoonen, R et.al. (2003) on a similar
line of the question was also based on a viva sample collected on 281
students. The outcomes suggested that people who don’t have a basic
fundamental knowledge of English found writing English as more
challenging and complex work because of their limitations of the
knowledge of the domain. The language-related issues such as correct
spelling, correct grammar, proper context-based writing were very
fundamental issues found by the author in his studies. On a higher study,
the author noted that proper fluency of the English subject is necessary
to put a correct sentence, the technical aptitude of the subject was
important in writing the subject. Lack of basic knowledge of the subject
here can lead to issues of proficient writing of the subject.
Literary Survey
Challenges to identify and choose journals
In the paper Qasem, F.A.A et.al. (2019). The authors have discussed
some of the most common issues faced by the researchers while
publishing the paper; the issues were as listed below:
1. Lack of knowledge of research methodology and problem hypothesis.
2. Searching tools issues.
3. Plagiarisms.
4. Issues in writing and reporting the results.
Since this paper was more driven towards the finding issues and
authors have tried to explain less of the solutions, but they discussed the
solutions more on the morality ground which tried to solve ethical
problems the authors have faced. Some issues were on the practical side,
which can be solved by taking some of the technical considerations.
The authors Forrester, A et.al. (2017) have weighed more on their
options on Open access publishing and their issues.
They discussed the issues and clubbed them in mainly 3 groups which is
1. Impact factors and the market reputation of the journal.
2. Quality of service offered by the journals.
3. Cost of publishing the journals and their policies.
The authors have considered all factors affecting the research
publication and they collected the data using the analytical and survey
methods from the research sample. This paper studied the practical
publishing issues
311
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
In this paper by Abbott, J. H. (2017), the author has gone for methods of
how to choosing correct papers for the publications. He considers the
factor which creates the state of confusion among the authors. These
issues were related to the Impact factor and quality of the journal,
targeting audiences, and issues related to acceptance timing of the
journals. These are some of the main issues which usually get faced by
the authors because at the time of publishing these factors are the one
which has to be taken very good care of.
Asay, L. D et.al. (2010) has discussed very formal methods and case
study of the issues which is faced by the teachers and scholars, this
paper studies and draws comparisons based out from a sample of US
and studies the issues all from different perspectives which is from a
researcher, teachers and the entire stakeholder involved in the research.
It focused more on the issues which were knowledge of science and
analysis of tools, This study is based on the print and written
descriptions along with the space limitations issued faced by the
research authors.
In the paper by Knight, L. V et.al. (2008), the author have discussed
the issues and the uniqueness of this paper was its comparison table
which they draw after considering the factors:
1. High quotation rank
2. Low publication fees
3. Less acceptance time
4. Time to publications.
5. Review process, editorials boards, and institutional affiliations
As these are the factors that focus on the journal selection and
publication issue. The most common issues which are faced by the
students are the lack of knowledge about specific things because it leads
to wider confusion about the standard methods of choosing the journals.
So before that, one needs to consider these factors then they can choose
the publishing journals.
This article by Rison, R.A et.al. (2017) was researched on the very
moral and ethical issues which were faced by the authors. These issues
are very common because of a lack of knowledge and without proper
guidance from the institutions. They chartered the issues as
1. Knowledge about the journals. , its editorials board, quality of the
editors, and educations.
2. Open access accessibility.
3. Peer review issues and issue of predatory journals.
312
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
4. Plagiarism-based issues.
These are very common issues that are faced by the writing and
research teams. They can also come under the publication misconducts.
Hence the authors have been advised to publish their research very
carefully.
Problems with writing in English.
In the paper Azizah, U.A et.al. (2018)The target study was to how to
write correct English in research or in the line of issues faced by the
researchers to write English. The results and conclusions were based on
the survey taken on 24 students and based on their feedback. The most
basic issues found in the paper were “the issue of claiming the
knowledge. Apart from these issues, there were discussions about the
lack of institutional support in writing English as a second language.
Deeper investigations need to be done on this issue. They have also
discussed some solutions like regular reading and writing of English in
blogs, etc.
The work is done by Lamptey, R. B et.al. (2012). They discussed the
fundamental issues like how to make citations in English, writing the
correct grammar of the paper along with how to do correct summary
and paraphrasing done by the authors. while writing the paper in
English, the formatting of the paper needs to be done correctly.
Academic journal writing integrity and ethics needs to be done and this
can be done through the institutional policies and by the librarians with
a little help from the academicians. Ethical integrity mistakes such as
Paraphrasing sentences should be avoidable. This is a common mistake
that happens because of choosing English as a secondary language in
many countries. So, the writers need to be well aware and trained so
that they make minimum mistakes.
The author Karimnia, A. (2013).in this paper studied the reasons of
English being the most successful medium of writing any research paper
and challenges faced by the publication stakeholders. Again medium of
finding the results was based on the sampling of 10 faculties and
researchers in an Iranian university The study discussed the learning
difficulties and its remedial methods. One of the main issues was no
proficiency in the language, which caused researchers to face difficulty
in writing their thesis. The difficulty was the lack of vocabulary among
the researchers and they used to think in their native language and then
translate it to English making a lot of grammatical mistakes in the
313
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
research paper. This study was widely helpful in studying the issues and
in finding potential solutions.
Cotterall, S et.al. (2003)This paper is the most celebrated in the field
to understand the problem faced by research stakeholders. This paper
has the uniqueness of its approach which is the Scaffold approach. The
approach of this paper was very much focused on the language of the
subject and the structuring of the paper. Instead of focusing only on the
problem statement, the authors have tried to find several methods to
resolve the issue. This was a different approach to the paper. One of
them was to focusing more on the rhetorical approach instead of the de
conceptual writings. This approach solved the issues like grammar and
structuring of the paper. Considering writing as an art, one needs to
continuously evolve around the subjects. Coming to problems, the
common issues was grammar, lack of knowledge on citations and
structure of the paper, and poor vocabulary making the language of the
paper week in comparison with the others.
Problems while writing a research paper.
The paper was done by Al Asmari et.al. (2013) .In this paper, the
authors discussed problems mainly faced by students and researcher s
in writing an article paper. The interview was done on 198 students
including researchers of the post-graduate level. Writing anxiety and
composition of the research paper is the main cause that affects the
author’s performances. Most students don’t know how to arrange a
paper with incorrect sequences. The strategy of writing is also an
important parameter that most people tried to ignore. The uniqueness
of the paper is its three-layer of research in stating its problem
hypothesis. The first one is an investigation of the problem; the second
one is the association of the problem with the stakeholders and the third
was the study of difficulties faced by the researchers and teachers.
In the study done by Wellington, J. (2010).This paper focused on stating
the difficulties as well as finding the solutions to the problem
hypothesis. The issue raised in the paper was technical as well as ethical
issues which cause a lot of confusion among the researchers. The
technical issues were lack of practical English writing knowledge and
skills, Grammars, psychological issues, and the ethical problems were
Plagiarisms, Finding correct papers, the Correct set of editors, and the
peer-review process. Many issues were also raised on the attitudes of
314
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
the writer. The attitude is writing or finds solutions in a correct state of
mind and Finding correct domains of publishing.
Paper in M. A. (2014). This paper was solely focused on the writing
aspect for the new doctoral students. The most common issues found in
the paper were the lack of ability to write a journal or thesis in English.
This was a common issue which gets caused by less knowledge of
structuring the paper, and the second was lesser no of publications
which gets caused by the lack of knowledge in how to publish the paper
aspect. Researchers have less idea of finding the correct journal,
avoiding plagiarism, peer reviews process, and falsification of data’s to
attract funds.
Many researchers have English as their second subject so they don’t
have the proper pieces of training in the writing of that. These are called
the local language issue. The main issue is also the lack of knowledge of
disciplinary article writings.
The paper published by Milton, J. C et.al (1993) used the corpus
methodology. The common issues were found as not having proper
training and knowledge of doing the literature surveys, lack of
vocabularies which made the language of papers as ordinary, not
choosing English as the main language causes issues which were not
knowing the writing structure of any paper. Wrong formatting of the
paper, lack of knowledge of giving the correct citations, and common
ethical issues such as avoiding plagiarism, How to publish in the correct
journal, how to choose the editors, and avoiding the predatory journals.
Solutions in detail were also discussed in the paper on correct
formatting and linguistic issues discussed. Overall the difficulties faced
by the researchers, and teachers were tied in three layers. Ethical issues,
Writing issues, and Publication issues.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to research some of the key issues which generally
affect a researcher, students, and their carrier progression. the main
issues are as follows
1. What difficulties they face while choosing the correct journals for
publishing.
2. Some common issues what generally author (s) feel while writing
effective English in their manuscript and
3. Issues in writing research paper writing.
315
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
Research Objectives
The objective of this study is to find the issues faced by researchers,
teachers, and students in writing correct English in their research
papers and their publications. The variable for finding the data was fixed
to a sample size of 30 to 35 persons from different research
backgrounds.For
collecting
the
data
the
“set of questionnaires were prepared and sent to researchers for their
feedback”. By doing this we narrowed it down to the major key issues
and it helped us in exploring the problems better. Later on, we put the
data into language form by keeping the wide readership in the target.
Significance of the study
The significance of this study is to read about the common issues
faced by the researchers, students, and teachers in writing English in
their manuscripts. The study will act as a catalyst in finding the solution
to these issues. After getting selected or published, we can tell the
academic institution and research institutes what measures can be
taken to reduce these issues. If we work on these problems, we will be
able to get better accuracy in the language which ultimately helps us in
gaining the knowledge of the subject.
Limitations of the study
The study was based on survey-based methods which were limited to
the responses from the teachers and researchers from the technical
institution.
Research Methodology
Our method of study was based on the survey, which was collected
on a targeted sample size in an academic institution. For studying the
survey-based method we studied and followed the methodology
explained in Groves, R. M et.al. (2011).
The population of the sample
The targeted population of this sample was based on research
students who were from a different research background, a majority of
them were from the engineering stream, and there were from the school
of biosciences and school of advanced sciences. The reason behind
choosing a diversified department was because we need to study the
difficulties not only faced by technical people but also we need to see the
316
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
response from pure and applied science-based researchers. The
collective data will give us a broad understanding of the subject. To
adapt this sample and problem statement we followed the work of
Deary, I. J. et. Al. (2001)
Data Collection
The method of data collection was based on a google form-based quiz
which was sent to the targeted audience for collecting their responses. I
followed the method of “preparing a set of questions and recording the
responses “ detailed in Radhakrishna, R. B. (2007).
These set of questions were :
School
1. Struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
4. I struggle to use an apt preposition
5. I make errors in punctuations
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
11. While writing, I have difficulty expressing what I know
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
13. I notice a lot of spelling errors in my writing
14. I get confused with American and British spellings
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
And the responses which they had to tick were as:
1. Strongly Agree
2. Agree
3. Neutral
4. Disagree
5. Strongly Disagree
317
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
So our study was based on some of the most widely accepted
techniques used in data collection and the data that we received helped
us in realizing the issues more clearly.
Data Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis is a data sampling method. Here in this method,
we measure the data by the quantitative virtues which are like,
numbers, facts, and responses in numbers, percentages, tabular
columns, formulae, and data-based. Several other means are used in
getting the quantitative analysis.Quantitative research starts with the
fixed problem statement and then the subsequent procedures involve
hypothesis formation, detailed literature surveys around the subject,
and in the conclusive step as collected the samples and data analysis.
 The most common ways of collecting the data according to Eyisi, D.
(2016) are as follows:
 Surveys and Questionnaires.
 Results based on interviews.
 Results are based on the study of focus groups and also studied
observed by case studies.
Why Quantitative analysis
Quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis are both very common
research methods used by the researchers Williams, C. (2007). But in
open-ended research programs, most of the research follows the
method of quantitative analysis, the reason behind its popularity is
explained in the below paragraphs.
1. Quantitative analysis uses statistical data for the analysis of the
results. This method is easy in understanding and it saves a lot of time
in analyses.
2. This uses scientifically proven methods like tables, charts, graphs,
which give more focused and generalized results,
3. It helps a lot in getting data via interaction and control groups. In this,
the researcher can divide the large group into small sample study,
and then they will get better and more clarified results.
4. This approach is based on hypothesis testing so instead of framing
rules and regulations for collecting the data. We can follow the fixed
pattern for getting the data which ultimately reduces our time and
efforts.
318
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
How Quantitative analysis will be useful for research
Since the ultimate aim of doing research is to find the most suitable
solution for the question statement. Getting the results also varies on
different methodologies and several data collection techniques. Our
most common target for doing the research is to find the educational
problems using various approaches.
Quantitative analysis has an edge over other methods because of its
data-based study approach. Here we use a statistical method to analyze
the data collected from the samples. It’s a scientifically proven
methodology. The results collected using Quantitative analysis are more
structured and transparent as it uses mostly open-ended questionnaires
and surveys in its data collection methods. Quantitative analysis
methods provide the reality-based measure as its primary objective.
Quantitative methodologies have structure patterns, and every time we
need not fix the problem hypothesis for each experiment.
Summary of Analysis
I struggle to use appropriate verbs while
writing
14
6
Agree
Disagree
6
4
Neutral
3
Strongly
agree
Strongly
disagree
Fig- 1
I commit mistakes in using tenses
14
6
Agree
Disagree
6
Neutral
Fig.2
319
3
4
Strongly
agree
Strongly
disagree
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
The response to the question inFig.1 was as follows:
Almost 30 percent of the people have agreed to the fact that they
struggle in using the correct verb, comparatively close to 18 percent of
the scholar believed that they have no issues in using correct verb
forms. Numerically, 18 % of the scholar also believed that they strongly
believe that they don’t use correct verb forms. Almost equal no of people
was neutral and strongly disagree with the response.
I have difficulty in using correct
Conjunction
14
7
4
4
Agree
Disagree
4
Neutral
Strongly Strongly
agree disagree
Fig- 3
I struggle to use apt preposition
11
8
6
5
3
Agree
Disagree
Neutral
Strongly Strongly
agree
disagree
Fig- 4
In response to the question of Fig.2 committing mistakes in tenses.
14 people out of 33 samples said that they agree to the fact that they
commit mistakes while making mistakes. 18% of responses were that
they disagree with the fact and a similar number of people were neutral
to it. 3 scholars have believed that they very strongly agree with the fact
that they commit mistakes and 4 responses disagreed with the fact.
320
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
For the response of using correct conjunction in Fig.3. 14 people out
of 33 samples strongly disagreed making it 42 percent of the samples
who believed that they face no major issues in using the correct
conjunction. 7 responses were neutral to it. No of the responses who
agreed to the question, strongly agree, and disagree with the question
were the same i.e. 4 responses.
In response to this question in Fig.4, one-third of the responses of
the sample believed the fact they struggle in using an apt preposition.
On the contrary, 6 responses making it one-fifth of the sample and 8
responses contributing almost one-fourth of the sample said that they
disagree and strongly disagree with it respectively, 5 people were
strongly agreed to the question and 3 people were neutral to it.
I make errors in punctuations
11
8
7
5
2
Agree
Disagree
Neutral
Strongly
agree
Strongly
disagree
Fig -5
Some of my errors are in the use of
CAPITAL and SMALL letters
10
7
8
5
3
Agree
Disagree
Neutral
Strongly
agree
Strongly
disagree
Fig.6
In response to the question mentioned in Fig 5. 33 percent of the
sample agreed that they make errors in punctuation. 25 percent and
21% of people disagreed with it and were neutral respectively. 5
samples out of a total of 33 samples have said that strongly agree to the
321
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
fact that they make errors in using the punctuations. And 2 people
strongly disagreed with it.
To the response to the question that stated as making errors in the
use of capital and small letters.In Fig 6.32 percent of samples strongly
disagreed with it. 7 people said that they agree to it and 3 samples
strongly believed that they make errors in using small and capital
letters.24 percent of people have disagreed with it and 5 people were
neutral to it. Overall it was conclusive from the samples was most of the
sample believed that they are comfortable in the uses of small and
capital letters.
Use of suitable vocabulary is a big
challenge for me
11
9
8
3
Agree
Disagree
2
Neutral
Strongly Strongly
agree disagree
Fig- 7
Sometimes I notice errors in the use
of Singular & Plural forms
11
11
4
3
Agree
Disagree Neutral
4
Strongly Strongly
agree disagree
Fig- 8
This was one of the most important questions we asked in the
questionnaire. As it reflects how comfortable are the scholars with
English as the language in reading and writing.To the response in Fig
322
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
7.11 people were neutral to the question suggesting that a major
population are quite comfortable in using suitable vocabularies on the
contrary 9 responses were agreeing that they fill difficulties in using the
correct vocabularies. Almost equal responses said that they strongly
agree that they face difficulties. Very few responses said that they face
difficulties.
In Fig.8.33 percent of the sample responses said that they notice
sometimes errors in using singular and plural verb forms. 3 people
disagreed and 4 people strongly disagreed with it. 33 percent of the
responses were neutral to it. 4 responses said they make errors quite
often.
I make errors while constructing a
lengthy sentence
19
Agree
4
5
Disagree
Neutral
3
2
Strongly Strongly
agree
disagree
Fig- 9
I am confused with the use of active
and passive voices
14
6
5
6
2
Agree
Disagree Neutral Strongly Strongly
agree disagree
Fig-10
323
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
In the response to a question of Fig.9 that “I make errors while
constructing lengthy responses” Fig.9.close to 60 % of the sample said
that they make errors. 5 responses were neutral to it. Very few people (4
disagreed and 2 strongly disagreed) said that they don’t make mistakes
in forming lengthy sentences. 3 sample responses said that strongly
agreed to the question.
Coming to active and passive voices Fig.10.14 responses out of 33
responses were in favor that they get confused with the use of active and
passive voices. This was 42 percent of the total sample. A total of 8
people (6 disagreed with it and 2 strongly disagreed) found no issues in
using the correct voice forms. 5 people were neutral and 6 sample which
is almost 18 percent of the count said that strongly are confused with
the use of active and passive voices.
While writing, I have difficulty to
express what I know
12
7
5
6
3
Agree
Disagree
Neutral
Strongly Strongly
agree disagree
Fig- 11
Sentence construction is a big trial for
me while I express what I read or what
I did
12
9
5
Agree
Disagree
4
Neutral
Fig- 12
324
Strongly
agree
3
Strongly
disagree
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
While writing, I have difficulty expressing what I know.In Fig 11. 12
people agreed to it making it close to one-third of the responses. 7
person or around 20 % of the recorded samples disagreed with it
meaning that they don’t have issues in writing what they know. I.e. they
have a better mind and hand coordination. 5 people choose to be
neutral of i. 6 person said that they strongly faced difficulties in
expressing their knowledge and in contrary of this response the 3
people said that they strongly disagree to it.
I notice lot of spelling errors in my
writing
8
7
8
7
3
Agree
Disagree
Neutral
Strongly
agree
Strongly
disagree
Fig- 13
I get confused with American and
British spellings
16
6
Agree
Disagree
4
4
Neutral
Strongly
agree
3
Strongly
disagree
Fig.14
“Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express”. In Fig
12.responses 12 people i.e. 33 percent of the sample agreed to it. 4
people strongly agreed that takes the total count to 16. I.e. half of the
total samples were finding difficulties in sentence construction. 5 people
disagree with it and 3 were strongly disagreeing with it. Around 25
325
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
percent of the samples were having little to no issues in the construction
of the sentence. 9 people choose to be neutral in responding to the
answer.
We have a very similar type of response in Fig.13. that “I notice a lot
of spelling errors in my writing”. 7 people agreed to it and 8 disagreed
with it. The sharp contrast in responses was seen in the option of
strongly agree and disagree. 3 samples strongly agreed to it. whereas 7
people strongly disagreed with the question. 8 people which is one of
the highest recorded individual responses said they are neutral to it.In
response to getting confused with American and British spellings
mentioned Fig.14.Almost 50mmpoerson of the sample responses said
that they agree to the fact that they get confused in between the
American and British samples. 6 of the samples said they don’t get
confused about it. 4 people strongly agreed that they face confusion
between the two spellings and on the reverse of that 3 people strongly
disagreed with the question.
I use the same words and phrases
repeatedly
14
9
6
Agree
Disagree
3
Neutral
Strongly
agree
1
Strongly
disagree
Fig- 15
I notice translation from my mother
tongue in my writing
13
10
5
Agree
Disagree
Neutral
Fig- 16
326
3
2
Strongly
agree
Strongly
disagree
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
In Fig.15.9 people or 27 percent of the total received samples were
agreed to the fact they use the same words and phrases repeatedly and
6 responses i.e. 18 % disagreed with it. 42 % of samples were neutral in
responding to this question. 3 samples were strongly in favor of the
question and on the contrary 1 person strongly disagreed with it.In the
response to the question mentioned in fig.16 that they notice translation
from their mother tongue in their writing. 13 people agreed to it and 10
people have disagreed with it. It suggested that almost equal person are
agreeing and disagree with it. 3 sample responses were in favor of
strongly agree to the question and in reverse of it 2 people were
strongly disagreed. 5 responses were neutral to it.
Recommendation
As a researcher, I would like to suggest other fellow researchers on
working of the plagiarism and formatting aspect of the paper. This study
was mainly focused on the issues that they make in writing any technical
paper. So similar questionnaires can be made on those topics and then
they can make a conclusive study of that. If they want to research the
same topic then they should target different population groups for
collecting the sample. They can take the research questions to the high
school population or in the service-based group also so they can have a
general idea of the broad issues. They can make some changes in the
questionnaires and can take them to the general public instead of
targeting a foxed population group.
Conclusion
This study was an attempt to understand basic issues related to
researchers it was a well-supported argument because of the data we
received as our response. The most common issues were related to the
grammatical mistakes that researchers make while writing any technical
papers like correct uses of punctuation, tenses, verb, etc. Apart from
that, they faced some difficulties in choosing correct words these issues
mainly happened to the researcher who chooses English as their second
language. In the technical aspect, they faced difficulties in choosing the
correct journals to publish their research work also. Lack of knowledge
about citations, plagiarisms makes it problematic for them in
publication. Generally, without having proper information about the
publishing company also causes them easily to fall prey to predatory
journals, which hampers their progress.
327
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
In the analysis, we studied in detail their responses to our various
questions and we found one thing as common. Either the researcher was
too aggressively supported the arguments or too aggressively denied
them. Few Responses choose to be neutral in responding. But their
strong answers helped in making our conclusive remarks of that
particular problem quite easy. These results will serve as the
fundamental base if we will further go for a study about finding
solutions to these issues discussed earlier. Now since we have verified a
set of problems with us, so it will be easy to find particular solutions to
each question.
The educational institutes, research institutes need to lookup to
these issues and try to develop a solution case. They may add an English
course in their syllabus or can provide additional training on the topic
so that it immediately helps the stakeholders.
References
1. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
2. Forrester, A., Björk, B. C., & Tenopir, C. (2017). New web services
that help authors choose journals. Learned Publishing, 30(4), 281287.
3. Abbott, J. H. (2017). How to choose where to publish your work.
4. Asay, L. D., & Orgill, M. (2010). Analysis of essential features of
inquiry found in articles published in The Science Teacher, 1998–
2007. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 21(1), 57-79.
5. Knight, L. V., & Steinbach, T. A. (2008). Selecting an Appropriate
Publication Outlet: A Comprehensive Model of Journal Selection
Criteria for Researchers in a Broad Range of Academic
Disciplines. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 3
6. Rison, R. A., Shepphird, J. K., & Kidd, M. R. (2017). How to choose
the best journal for your case report.
7. Azizah, U. A., & Budiman, A. (2018). Challenges in writing academic
papers for international publication among Indonesian graduate
students. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics
Studies), 4(2), 175-198.
328
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
8. Lamptey, R. B., & Atta-Obeng, H. (2012). Challenges with Reference
Citations Among Postgraduate Students at the Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. Journal of
Science and Technology (Ghana), 32(3), 69-80.
9. Karimnia, A. (2013). Writing research articles in English: Insights
from Iranian university teachers’ of TEFL. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 70, 901-914.
10. Cotterall, S., & Cohen, R. (2003). Scaffolding for second language
writers: producing an academic essay. ELT Journal, 57(2), 158-166.
11. Al Asmari, A. (2013). Investigation of writing strategies, writing
apprehension, and writing achievement among Saudi EFL-Major
students. International Education Studies, 6(11), 130-143.
12. Wellington, J. (2010). More than a matter of cognition: An
exploration of affective writing problems of post-graduate students
and their possible solutions. Teaching in Higher Education, 15(2),
135-150.
13. M. A. (2014). Faculty perceptions of common challenges
encountered by novice doctoral writers. Higher Education
Research & Development, 33(4), 699-711.
14. Milton, J. C., & Tsang, E. S. C. (1993). A corpus-based study of logical
connectors in EFL students' writing: Directions for future research.
In Studies in lexis. Proceedings of a seminar on lexis organized by
the Language Centre of the HKUST, Hong Kong (Language Centre,
HKUST, Hong Kong, 1993).
15. Victori, M. (1999). An analysis of writing knowledge in EFL
composing: A case study of two effective and two less effective
writers. system, 27(4), 537-555.
16. Schoonen, R., Gelderen, A. V., Glopper, K. D., Hulstijn, J., Simis, A.,
Snellings, P., & Stevenson, M. (2003). First language and second
language writing: The role of linguistic knowledge, speed of
processing,
and
metacognitive
knowledge. Language
learning, 53(1), 165-202.
17. Li, F., Ren, J., & Zhao, H. (2016). Grammatical mistakes in college
English
writing:
Problem
analysis,
reasons,
and
solutions. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and
Translation, 2(3), 20-28.
18. Borg, S. (2009). English language teachers’ conceptions of
research. Applied linguistics, 30(3), 358-388.
329
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.18
19. Zhang, S. (1995). Reexamining the affective advantage of peer
feedback in the ESL writing class. Journal of second language
writing, 4(3), 209-222.
20. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or
reality. Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
21. Hultgren, A. K. (2019). English as the language for academic
publication: On equity, disadvantage and ‘non-nativeness’ as a red
herring. Publications, 7(2), 31.
22. Groves, R. M., Fowler Jr, F. J., Couper, M. P., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer,
E., &Tourangeau, R. (2011). Survey methodology (Vol. 561). John
Wiley & Sons.
23. Deary, I. J., Der, G., & Ford, G. (2001). Reaction times and
intelligence
differences:
A
population-based
cohort
study. Intelligence, 29(5), 389-399.
24. Radhakrishna, R. B. (2007). Tips for developing and testing
questionnaires/instruments. Journal of extension, 45(1), 1-4.
25. Eyisi, D. (2016). The usefulness of qualitative and quantitative
approaches and methods in researching problem-solving ability in
science education curriculum. Journal of Education and
Practice, 7(15), 91-100.
26. Williams, C. (2007). Research methods. Journal of Business &
Economics Research (JBER), 5(3).
330
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
CHAPTER -19
A study on problems faced by researchers while using English
language for writing an effective research paper
SREERAAG G
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
sreeraag.g@vit.ac.in
INTRODUCTION
English is generally termed as the global language for
communication. Though Chinese is mostly spoken language in the
world, the presence of English in almost all nations bring its importance
for writing a research paper. Leigh McDowell and Cassi L Liardet (2019),
mentions the importance of English among multilinguistic research
scholars across the world. They had showcased the image of English for
Research Publication Purposes in the Japanese Context. Bobanovic M. K.
andGrzinic, J. (2017), has mentioned that high proficiency in using
English language tend to attract better chances for employability, and
the personages with inadequate English language skills loses the
employability. Employers across all sectors including post-research opt
for candidates who have better language skills. The importance for
having better English knowledge in writing research papers arises here.
However, there are a number of errors that are likely to appear while
writing research papers in English. These are most likely to appear
among the research scholars who are not having English as their first
language. Rajagopalam U M and Jie S (2016), reveals the common errors
in research writing includes wrong preposition, singular - plural
mismatch, improper lexical usage, etc.
Writing papers with good English language is always helpful for
publishing the paper in better journals. Baron TH (2012) mentions that
better English language helps to publish paper in journals with higher
impact factor and thus it helps to enhance the visibility of authors.
Flowerdew J (1999), stated that publishing papers in good English tends
to create a global attention. This can help the author to get international
331
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
recognition if his/her work is good and unique. However, there are a
number of negative implications if the English language writing skills
are poor, especially while writing research paper. When coming to
scientific journals, poor writing skills can entirely affect the meaning of a
sentence thereby changing the interpretation of readers as well. Jaffe S
(2003), states that excuses pardon must not be given for using poor
English writing in scientific paper. Al-Khawaldeh N, et.al (2016)
mentioned that the use of poor language in research papers can
adversely affect the professional development of a person.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Challenges to identify and choose journals.
Dadkhah et.al. (2016) mentions that hijacked journals are quite like
predatory journals whose websites are cloned and look almost like that
of legitimate journal website. Hijacked journals create huge challenge
among research scholars while choosing a journal for publication and
they exploit Open Access model for generating money. Hijacked journals
accept papers even though if the same is of sub-standard quality. The
authors have used a data mining approach and classification algorithms
using web crawlers to for articles. If a website is related to a hijacked
journal; then the journal is put under suspicious list to prevent any
other researcher becoming a victim.
Clemons M et.al. (2017) highlights that the predatory journals are of
the most common issue which creates troubles for authors while
choosing journals for publication. The paper mentions a reliable cross
section research design for studying about the topic. A number of details
has been collected for the analysis of predatory journals. It’s mentioned
that that majority predatory journals sends spam e-mails to the authors
and many who are ignorant often falls as a victim. Though the paper is
targeted towards people working in oncology field, the same is also
useful for other branches as it helps understanding much about
predatory journals.
Kirchhof ALC and Lacreda MR (2012) focuses on the challenges for
publishing articles especially in nursing field. The paper discusses about
the considerations which are taken from publishing authors and
mentions the significance of using keywords. However, the author
should have to take attention since some journals asks for fewer
keywords while some international journal asks more under its policy.
Similarly, the organisation of paper is likely to vary depending upon
332
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
each journal which is likely to cause issues if author follows irrelevant
paper format. Each journal has its own ethical aspect which the author
should have to understand while choosing journal for publication.
Qureshi S et.al.(2018) mentions about spurious journals which creates
bogus impact factors for their commercial purposes. Apparently,
scholars fall victim to such journals while identifying journals for their
publication. The paper also mentions that misleading impact factors and
other metrics has drastically affected the reliability of journals. The
author had selected peer reviewed English language articles which were
published after 2001 and were analysed. It has also concluded that
much of the fraud goes unnoticed and it is quite challenging task for a
scholar to identify spurious journals.
Chandra Shekhar Y and Narula J (2015) points on quality metrics
used in journals. The work has been done through surveying papers of
similar area. There are several new metrics like altimetric which
provides ways to data publication. However, these metrics are not yet
deeply recognised as quality metric and still lot of journals mentions the
same as the reflection of quality. It can be understood that such new
metrics often create confusion among scholars while choosing or
identifying journals for publication. It is also questioned that “whether
the low-quality papers in journals with high impact factor will confuse
readers and affect journal quality.”
Hoffecker L et.al. (2015) targets the audience among nursing and
medical community and signifies the importance of Open Access
journals. The paper also mentions how predatory and fake journals can
be identified and also mentions the issues emerged during selecting
journals and during review process. The issues addressed are; selection
process, publication fee that the scholar have to pay, author rights,
review and editing process. The paper highlights that apart from being
cautious on determining a predatory journal, the author should also
have to be cautious on previously mentioned topics to avoid any issues
while choosing journal and publishing the paper.
Problems with writing in English
Qasem, FAA and ZayidEIM (2019)mentions about the difficulty of
scholars in Middle East nations. : It mentions that English writing skill is
one of the difficult process faced by the research scholars in Middle East.
A population of 60 persons where randomly picked and quantitative and
qualitative analysis has been done among the test subjects. The results
333
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
after analysis mentions that nearly 70 percent of scholars finds
challenging to write journals in English. Apart from the same, selecting
the right methodology and topic along with lack of motivation and
knowledge makes the researchers in picking up the right journal.
Fareed M et.al. (2016) focused on the Geographical region of Pakistan
and is concentrated on analysing English writing skills. The problem is
to find the difficulties faced by the students who uses English as second
language. For the same, a sample of 30 writings were collected and
English linguistic proficiency is analysed using thermal content analysis.
It has been understood that majority lacks good writing skills including
linguistic proficiency and many lack ideas. The reading and writing
practice of all researchers with English as Second Language should have
to be improved, through trained teachers.
Salma U (2015) focused among Iranian students at Aligarh Muslim
University who are using English as second language. The main
objective of the research was to find out the problems with respect to
the English writing skills faced by the leaners. To study about the same a
questionnaire has been used and the study is conducted using
quantitative analysis. It has been analysed that majority comes with an
opinion that special focus should have to be laid on improving the
writing skill.
Ravichandran S et.al. (2015) focused on the challenges faced by the
International students in USA. The problem is to find and analyse the
writing challenges faced by International students. A qualitative analysis
has been conducted among 15 participants who were randomly
selected. The participants responded that they face challenges related to
English grammar, plagiarism, arrangement of ideas and grammar while
writing. The paper concludes by stating that much focus on language
improvement must be laid this area.
Problems while writing research paper.
Pyhältö K et.al. (2012) focuses on common problems faced by
scholars across different domains including science, arts and medicine.
The research aims to understand the main and common problems faced
by scholars while doing research and writing papers. A survey is
conducted among PhD students across different disciplines and both
open ended questions and qualitative analysis is taken. The result is that
most scholars face issues in domain expertise and general working
334
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
process. Moreover, stress factor along with anxiety and exhaustion is
another issue while writing research papers.
Divsar H (2018) focus on Iranian scholars and the problems faced by
them while writing research papers and PhD thesis. Several issues are
faced by the scholars while writing journals, articles, and research
papers. This vary depending upon the location and type of research
which must be addressed. The study has been conducted about 30 male
and female candidates by conducting a semi-structured interview. Lots
of problems were addressed including linguistic issues, poor time
management and planning, personal issues, etc. The result obtained can
be helpful for the guides to understand and help the research scholars.
Karakas A et.al. (2017) focused on English Language Teaching (ELT)
students and the issue faced by them. The problem is to focus the issues
faced by ELT students while writing research papers. For the same,
qualitative and quantitative survey was conducted among 117 students
who were randomly selected from Department of English Language
Teaching. It was analysed that lack of proper exposure and experience
along with lack of reading skills and issues with referencing papers are
main problems while writing research paper. Apart from it, lack of
confidence has also been noted as another factor which creates problem
while writing research paper.
Hartono RA et.al. (2019) researched among Indonesian lecturers to
understand the problems they face with English language. The study
was conducted to understand the issues faced while using English
language while writing for International publications. A questionnaire
has been conducted among 66 people who were randomly selected. The
selected population is from different disciplines except English
education and English literature. It has been found that most of the
writers faces problems especially in grammar, spelling, syntax, etc. while
writing papers. Apart from it constructing sentences appropriately also
stands as a challenge.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Currently English writing skills possess a major challenge for the
research scholars and faculty while writing a research paper. This
problem is mainly seen among the scholars who uses English as the
second language. There is a need to understand the major challenge
possess while writing research paper so that the scholars could take
necessary steps in improving their skills.
335
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 To understand the challenges faced by the authors while writing a
research paper.
 To analyse the major challenge posed by the authors while writing a
research paper.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study helps academia’s to focus more in improving the research
paper writing. The academia’s can understand the major challenge they
tend to face while writing the research paper and can plan accordingly.
Apart from it, the faculties could identify the major challenge that the
scholars should have to overcome while writing the research paper. By
understanding these challenges proper training in English writing can
be given to the scholars.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
 The study is limited to faculty and academia’s in technical institution.
The viewpoints of research scholars and faculties from the technical
population is collected and tabulated.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method
For conducting the research, quantitative analysis is been done,
which is conducted through a survey. The survey has been conducted
among the faculties of technical institution. Elizabeth Fanning (2005),
has mentioned that the success of survey is based on the response rate,
but however easier tabulation to get the results of larger sample is
possible in survey analysis. The results of the survey have graphically
been tabulated for study.
Population of the Sample
Ali Delice (2010), mentions the significance of population sample.
He mentions that the size of sample is crucial in every research. For this
research, the sample has been identified among the faculties of the
Department of Business Studies from VIT Vellore and Chennai
campuses.
336
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
Data Collection
The data has been collected by using Google forms through
Quantitative survey among the faculties of the Department of Business
Studies. A set of 16 questions has been asked with the level of
measurement comes under ordinal scale. S S Stevens (1946), describes
ordinal scale as an operation of rank-ordering. Using ordinal scale, is
helpful to understand the scales of intelligence, personality traits, etc.
DATA ANALYSIS
Quantitative Analysis
Why Quantitative analysis?
Quantitative analysis uses objective measurements which are
collected through close ended questionnaires, polls, surveys and it
focuses on numerical data across a large group of people to explain a
particular phenomenon in a simpler way. The results on a larger
population can easily be retrieved through quantitative analysis and the
surveys consumes less time compared to open ended questionnaires
and interviews. The results retrieved through quantitative analysis can
graphically be plotted which shall be helpful for the reader to easily
understand the result.
How Quantitative analysis will be useful for research?
Quantitative analysis helps to gather data from a large set of people
in a short span of time. The surveys often consume less time compared
to open ended questionnaire and the results can easily be numerically
depicted. Data collected through quantitative analysis can easily be
structured and the results obtained can easily be tabulated so that the
reader could understand the same with ease. The study can be
reproduced for the direct comparison of results and replication of the
study is easily possible even for larger samples. A large amount of data
can be analysed statistically using quantitative analysis and the research
is often less biased and more focused. Because of these reasons the
research may have higher credibility and decision making will be quite
faster as compared to open ended surveys.
337
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
Summary of Analysis
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
Fig- 1
It can be analysed from that graph that 8 people disagree and 2
people strongly disagree with the phrase. From the survey, majority
does not find much issue to use appropriate verbs while writing the
research paper.
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses
Fig- 2
From the graph, it can easily be understood that 7 participants
disagree with the phrase and 3 participants strongly disagree. Six
participants have neutral opinion while only two participants agree to
the statement and one participant strongly agree. In short majority of
the participants won’t agree with the statement and it can be assumed
that much of the people does find much difficulty in using tenses while
writing the research paper.
338
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
Fig- 3
Here 5 participants disagrees and another 3 participants strongly
disagrees with the statement, 5 participants agrees and 6 participants
has neutral opinion. Though is quite hard to conclude whether the
majority faces issue in using correct conjunction, from the graph it can
be assumed that majority faces little issue in using correct conjunction
while writing research paper. However considerably a good percentage
of researchers face problem in using correct conjunction.
4. I struggle to use apt preposition
Fig- 4
From the results it can be noted that 3 persons has neutral opinion to
the statement, while 8 person agrees with the statement. 5 disagrees
and 3 strongly disagrees to the statement. Though the agree and
disagree population is quite equal, it can be concluded that many faces
issue in using apt preposition.
339
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
5. I make errors in punctuations
Fig- 5
The figure states that majority of the participants does not finds an
issue while using punctuations. 13 participants either disagrees or
agrees with the statement while only 3 agrees the statement with 2
people having neutral opinion.
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
Fig- 6
Here, 17 participants either disagrees or strongly disagrees with the
statement stating that majority of researchers does not have an issue
while using capital and small letters. Only one participant agrees with
the statement.
340
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
Fig- 7
Here, from the results in can be quickly analysed that majority of the
participants does not finds an issue with respect to the usage of suitable
vocabulary. In total 10 out of 15 participants either disagrees or strongly
disagrees to the statement. However, 6 participants (31%) find the use
of suitable vocabulary a big challenge which is a fact to be addressed.
7. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
Fig- 8
Here, 11 people either disagrees or strongly disagree with the
statement, stating that majority of the population does not have issue
with singular and plural forms. 5 participants states that they notice
errors in the use of Singular and Plural forms.
341
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
8. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
Fig- 9
Here 10 population samples either strongly disagrees or disagrees
with the statement. While 5 either agrees or strongly agrees to the
statement. It can be concluded from the graph that majority of the
population is less likely to have issue while constructing a lengthy
sentence.
9. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
Fig- 10
Though the cumulative number of people who disagree and strongly
disagree to the statement is more than the population who agrees to the
statement, compared to the replies made in other statements it can be
estimated that considerably a good number of people finds issue with
the use of active and passive voices.
342
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
10. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
Fig- 11
Here, from the graph plotted on figure 11, it can be estimated that
majority of the population does not face much issues to express what
they know. It can be understood that only 4 agrees to the statement and
2 has neutral opinion. Rest of the population disagrees to the statement.
11. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
Fig- 12
Here, total of 11 participants either disagree or strongly disagree to
the statement. However, 5 finds an issue with respect to sentence
construction.
343
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
12. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
Fig- 13
Here 16 participants either disagree or strongly disagree to the
statement. This means that a vast majority of participants does not find
much issue with respect to spelling errors.
13. I get confused with American and British spellings
Fig- 14
A good population agrees with the statement. 9 researchers find
issue with American and British spellings. 5 strongly disagree with the
statement and 3 disagrees with the statement. In short, a good number
of researchers gets confused with American and British English and
finds issue in using both the ascends.
344
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
14. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
Fig- 15
Here, 11 people from the population, either disagrees or strongly
disagrees to the statement. 6 people agrees that they use the same
words and phrases repeatedly. This signifies that majority of the
researches does not finds issue in using same words and phrases
repeatedly. However 31% of the population indicating issue in using
same words and phrases repeatedly is a matter to be taken with
importance.
15. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
Fig- 16
Here, 6 out of 15 strongly disagree with the statement and 7
disagrees. Only 4 people finds an issue of translation from mother
tongue while writing the research paper. In short, majority does not find
much issue with respect to the translation from mother tongue while
writing.
345
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
RECOMMENDATION
The research was conducted among small population belonging to a
particular stream of study. The result of the study is useful for research
scholars and faculties in Business Schools. However, if an extensive
research interconnecting disciples of different streams of studies are
involved a better insight among the new scholars in different streams to
understand the common issues that they are likely to face. A qualitative
survey can be integrated in the future study to get in-depth
understanding about the difficulty each and every scholar face while
using English for writing research papers. Moreover, the type of
education each and every scholar undergone, the language medium of
study in school, UG and PG level should have to be analysed in the future
studies.
CONCLUSION
Using English language effectively while writing research paper
poses an important challenge for all, especially among the scholars who
uses English as the second language. The study was limited among the
faculty and academia’s in technical institution. From the results
obtained, it can easily be analysed that a good number of populations
finds issue in distinguishing American and British assents. Apart from it,
a good number of researchers has claimed that they find difficulty in
using apt preposition and in using active and passive voices at correct
places. The result obtained shall be useful for the academia’s to focus on
these areas while writing research papers. Furthermore, adequate
training in English can be provided among scholars with a further stress
on these topics.
REFERENCES
1. McDowell, L., & Liardét, C. L. (2019). Japanese materials scientists'
experiences with English for research publication purposes.
Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 37, 141-153.
2. Bobanovic, M. K., & Grzinic, J. (2011). The importance of English
language skills in the tourism sector: A comparative study of
students/employees perceptions in Croatia. Almatourism-Journal
of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 2(4), 10-23.
3. Rajagopalan, U. M., & Jie, S. (2016, July). Adopting a SFL-oriented
approach for evaluating genre-based academic abstracts of EST
346
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
undergraduate students in Japan. In 2016 international conference
on advanced mechatronic systems (ICAMechS) (pp. 510-515). IEEE.
4. Baron, T. H. (2012). ABC's of writing medical papers in English.
Korean journal of radiology, 13(Suppl 1), S1.
5. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Writing for scholarly publication in English:
The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language Writing, 8(2),
123-145.
6. Jaffe, S. (2003). No pardon for poor English in science: written and
spoken language skills are critical to careers.(Profession). The
Scientist, 17(5), 44-46.
7. Al-Khawaldeh, N., Bani-Khair, B., & Al-Edwan, Y. (2016). The
Impact of Poor English Language Proficiency on Professional
Development of Professors at Jordanian Universities. Arab World
English Journal (AWEJ), 7(3), 134-145.
8. Dadkhah, M., Maliszewski, T., & Lyashenko, V. V. (2016). An
approach for preventing the indexing of hijacked journal articles in
scientific databases. Behaviour & Information Technology, 35(4),
298-303.
9. Clemons, M., e Silva, M. D. C., Joy, A. A., Cobey, K. D., Mazzarello, S.,
Stober, C., & Hutton, B. (2017). Predatory invitations from journals:
more than just a nuisance?. The oncologist, 22(2), 236.
10. Kirchhof, A. L. C., & Lacerda, M. R. (2012). Challenges and prospects
for publishing articles–consideration based on statements from
authors and publishers. Texto & Contexto-Enfermagem, 21(1), 185193.
11. Qureshi, S., Qureshi, M. F., & Qureshi, V (2018).Fake Journals,
spurious published papers and bogus impact factors: Need for an
overhaul and transparency for anacademic perspective, ISSN-O:
2458-868X, ISSN–P: 2458-8687 International Journal of Medical
Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR).
12. Chandrashekhar, Y. & Narula, J. (2015) Challenges for research
publications: What is journal quality and how to measure it?
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65(16), 1702–1705.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.039
13. Hoffecker, L., Hastings-Tolsma, M., Vincent, D., & Zuniga, H. (2015).
Selecting an open access journal for publication: be cautious. OJIN:
The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 21(1).
14. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
347
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.19
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research
15. Fareed, M., Ashraf, A., & Bilal, M. (2016). ESL learners’ writing
skills: Problems, factors and suggestions. Journal of Education and
Social Sciences, 4(2), 81-92.
16. Salma, U. (2015). Problems and practical needs of writing skill in
EFL context: An analysis of Iranian students of Aligarh Muslim
University. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(11), 74-76
17. Ravichandran, S., Kretovics, M., Kirby, K., & Ghosh, A. (2017).
Strategies to address English language writing challenges faced by
international graduate students in the US. Journal of International
Students, 7(3), 3-7
18. Pyhältö, K., Toom, A., Stubb, J., &Lonka, K. (2012). Challenges of
becoming a scholar: A study of doctoral students' problems and
well-being. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012.
19. Divsar, H. (2018). Exploring the challenges faced by Iranian TEFL
students in their doctoral dissertation writing. International
Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 6(3), 195-203.
20. Karakaş, A., Toksöz, S., & Toksöz, İ. (2017). Problems Faced By PreService English Language Teachers In Writing Research Papers1.
BalıkesirÜniversitesiSosyalBilimlerEnstitüsüDergisi, 20(38), 561588.
21. Hartono, R. A., Nugroho, K. Y., & Maerani, I. A. (2019). Lecturers’
language problems in writing english papers for international
publications. Journal of education and learning (EduLearn), 13(2),
239-246.
22. Fanning, E. (2005). Formatting a paper-based survey
questionnaire: Best practices. Practical Assessment, Research, and
Evaluation, 10(1), 12.
23. Delice, A. (2010). The Sampling Issues in Quantitative Research.
Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(4), 2001-2018.
24. Stevens, S. S. (1946). On the theory of scales of measurement.
348
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
CHAPTER -20
A survey on problems faced and English knowledge for writing
research papers
SUPRIYA K
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
supriya.k2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
English has been the language of choice for many international
scholarly journals. Academic writing is intricate, conventional, objective,
explicit, enclosed, and responsible. It is organized and planned precisely
and accurately. Glatthorn, A.(1998) says about the academic writing
should attempt for purity, majority and formality and should strike a
balance between trustiness and hesitation. English used in everyday
situations or general purpose is quite different from the English used in
academic writing. Writing for academic or scientific research should be
lucid, brief, exact and accurate in meaning for the readers
understanding. The main 4 major skills of English Language and also the
fundamental feature of English grammar, vocabulary and punctuation
are important and very much helpful for Clear Academic writing
This article analyzes how different beliefs or meta cognitive knowledge
(MK) about writing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing skills.
Data gathered from four undergraduate university Spanish students,
two good and poor writers, registered in EFL classes at the University of
Barcelona. For this first required by taking an English test and writing
an debate essay to assess their language and writing skills. This study
emphasized a number of areas in which the knowledge of the two pairs
clearly differed. Finally these differences pointed to a more perfect and
broadly view of the writing process and are able to apply more
comfortably. In other side the less successful writers' MK was limited
and insufficient.
The study enquires the errors in essays written by 200 level
students in department of primary education, Federal College of
Education, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria. Participants’ written essays in the
349
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
English language were used for data collection. An Essay testwas done
to 75 students of the college. Among the test 25 scripts were selected
and errors were analyzed. Finally the study emphasized there were
thirteen general errors. The found errors are grouped into five main
portions for error analysis and involve a proposition for students to get
more knowledge on grammar and improve their error building effective
writing.
In present world, the English language importance cannot be
neglected and ignored since English is spoken universally and is a
greatest common language. To get English knowledge needs continuous
practice and patience. The impact among students is that it is not
possible to acquire fluency or mastery over the English language. This
impact stops students from learning English. Most of the students learn
English from the examination point of view, so the students are not able
to develop even a small sentence without error in grammar and more
practice is needed to learn a language. Knowledge of English is
necessary if one wants to come up in life. It is true where the advanced
countries have opened their doors for recruiting technically qualified
persons. Only those who have a command over the English language are
given a job.
In present globalization trend Language is the primary key for
communication and also almost impossible without the presence of a
language, possible to
communicate through signs and
gestures,language is a tool in communicating human’s ideas, thoughts
and feelings to the other fellow human beings had language skills to
keep their relationship with others. To learn a foreign or second
language like English, the learners have to learn all the skills of it to
prove themselves as good communicators. Among the four language
skills, the English language learners (ELLs) difficult to acquire writing
skills than the other three skills, i.e. listening, speaking and reading. As
writing involves a lot of practice due to the complexity of its
phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic structures,
Therefore, the teachers have to introduce various strategies and
novel techniques and approaches to enhance the writing skills of the
ELLs. This article discusses the importance of English as an international
language and its writing skills, discloses advantages of writing skills.
Academics are going under increasing pressure to international
publishing. Giving the global command of English, this very likely means
publishing in English-medium journals and with publishers publish in
350
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
English. This raises about the possible disadvantage of those scholars
whose first language is not English and who therefore have the
additional burden of having to develop adequate proficiency in an
additional language, English. Students of languages to university level
and of other languages to rather lower levels of proficiency and as a
teacher of English for academic purposes (EAP) and of English for
research and publication purposes (ERPP), since this issue always
believed the additional burden on the English as an additional language
(EAL) academic writer to be a self-evident truth. Ken Hyland, however,
in a recent book (Hyland, 2015) and an article titled ‘Academic
publishing and the myth of linguistic injustice’ (Hyland, 2016a), has
taken it upon himself to discuss that such an assumption is ill-founded.
Hyland argues that native-speakers (NSs) of English encounter the same
difficulties as non-native speakers (NNSs) when it comes to academic
writing, that ‘academic English is no one’s first language’, and that it
requires ‘deliberate learning’ by both NSs .
The main aim of this article is to explain the advantages and
disadvantages of computer technology and computer Assisted
Language(CALL) programs for learning second language. From the point
of view of National Clearing house for English Language Acquisition &
Language Instruction Educational Programs report (2002) of more than
nine million students limited to English proficiency (LEP) in America.
Usage of computer technology and attached language learning programs
guides programs to students and as a emergent subject and also became
as a trend in present second language instructions. The study proved the
usage of computer technology and CALL and the levels of ESL. Finally
concluding it has still limitations and weakness like financial, isolated
and knowledge required issues. The Researchers tells that there should
be some recognition of both advantages and disadvantages for using
computers and get maximum efficacious of technology to increase
Second language learning.
351
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
Literary Survey
Challenges to identify and choose journals
Sonia Regina, J. et.al.(2014) In this article the authors discussed
about problems related to production in Nursing for structuring of a
Scientific paper ,text and how to choose the journal then mandatory
language characteristics .Authors explained some important reasons
and discussed why scientific papers are rejected and detected like
unused methods for statistical analysis, doesn’t provided context of
research, more grammatical errors and finally analysed in Brazil the
scientific
journals
are
the
chosen
by
a
Qualis
classification (Contains Strata's i.e., requirements of Manuscripts and
scientific journals submitted in Nursing Journals) which is a model
created by CAPES to distinguish scientific journals mentioned for
dissemination in country. Finally, it shows the knowledge gaining by
nurses and UG training in nursing.
Monteiro, K et.al.(2020) This article shows that publishing
internationally is becoming a part of disciplined culture in Brazil
specifically for biological sciences and analysing about the need of
publishing in English by Brazil academics for multilingual scholars in
English instead of Portuguese. This addresses the peripheral scholar
groups in a semi-peripheral country. The Brazil scholars mostly publish
in CAPES (Coordination for improvement of Higher educational
personnel) of Brazilian federal agency. Now a day’s English is changing
as academic lingua franca. The Humanities Scholars (social
sciences, Arts and humanities) are facing many challenges for publishing
internationally and their articles were rejected for participation.
It shows the linguistic barriers facing by scholars and reducing the
production of articles. This impact falls on scholars which insist them to
depend on linguistic brokers which may delay process of
publication. Finally, the discussion limits to the government and
academic policies should provide to international journals about
multilingual scholar's consideration.
Dr. Sreeramana Aithal,P.S., et.al.(2016)The scholars are facing many
struggles to publish their research paper fast and cheaply. Every author
shows enthusiasm that their articles should be published in free
access journals but the top ranked journals are taking delay for
reviewing, publishing of 8 to 10 months and charging cost of $1000 to
$3000 some are taking too much like $5000 as processing fee for
publishing like journal indexing name of Web of Science, Scopus
352
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
etc., and showing Impact Factor of journal. This leads to authors
hesitating to publish in reputed journals and making very smart to move
with other predatory journals to complete their research work and
publishing. So, in this paper the authors discussed a Black Ocean
strategy as counter strategy formulated by smart publishers leads to
such move.
Borrego, Á., et.al.(2020)This Study investigate about integration of
librarians and academic staff’s combined authorship and what issues
they faced.Raising on preceding research on benefaction for librarians
and researcher journals in discipline other side of library and
information science (LIS) for better analysing of combined authorship.
Several librarians reported to LIS about online survey (Research papers)
done by them about combine authorship’s benefits and fund
they provide for researchers. Finally, librarians express that they
can accomplish skills for research that will help researchers to get
effective outcome of research.
Pho, P.D., et.al.(2016)Research Process and Research article
publishing both are same procedure in a point of view for a scholar. The
present study emphasizes about many obstacles that are faced by
scholars in Vietnam and their mindsets while publishing articles. Mainly
discussing about the scientific explore who evaluate the research work
and its requirements to publish good research paper and expects good
writing skills from scholars but the published good articles are very less
in Vietnam because of facing many problems like huge cost, Time taking
for acceptance by comparing the ages, Work experience of faculties in
universities, number of publications, disciplines etc., The study shown
lecturers in the departments of Humanities and Social sciences at
National University in Vietnam. By concluding as a solution
by providing more funds for research work and academics from
universities to increase more publications from scholars in Vietnam
University and this is applied to all institutions in Vietnam.
Mohammad, A. Et.al. In this article it explores the anatomy
of proficiency and it shows need of doing academic research in any
subject and points out to look over publishing articles in international
publications in tourism and Hospitality management which investigates
from hospitality management staff and 68 academic scholars in Egypt.
The effect let out that publishing becomes more complex in this area. In
Egypt facing many issues like more time and very expensive integrated
with international publishing; Good standards in international
353
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
publications with respect to methodology and effective writing and
finally concluding various issues of academic research in the case of
funds and technical and acquire traditional outlook and methodologies ;
and also renders many problems of international publishing in the area
of tourism and hospitality management like arranging continuous
conferences and encouraging scholars for publishing research papers.
Problems with writing in English
Hartono, R. A., et.al.(2019)Indonesian academic staff was motivated
publishing research papers in international journals and diffuse their
survey, innovations worldwide. But so many members of academic staff
are facing issues with Mastery in English while writing research papers
in English. This survey emphasises recognising and study the language
issues of the Indonesian University Faculty in publishing English
academic articles on international journals. The survey did from 66
academic staff of different disciplines. The final information gathered
from them explains issues did by the staff are related to language like
Grammars, Sentence formation, Phrases, word class, Vocabulary,
spelling, Nouns, and syntax. Translating their Indonesian native
language like Bahasa leads to grammatical errors and paraphrasing
result in accurate writing.
Hayuningrum, H., et.al.(2012)Paraphrase is a methodology to include
sources that is followed by author to take the writer’s proposal and
rearrange with their self-words. In the review of survey, identified that
English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) students and are
research paper writing one’s in year 2010-2011, Sanata Dharma
University, are not able to paraphrase perfectly that turn them to
duplicate writers words .The encountered issues are classified as
Misunderstanding the original content(5.3%) , Not remembering the
document(11.8%) ,skipping basic content (3.53%) and another
investigation explores 9 students un accepting paraphrases because of
(1) Negligence in research work (2)lack of preparation (3) Hesitation
about process and Vocabulary (4) No concentration among teachers
explanation and laziness, if these are neglected continuously makes
threatens to students that will get heavy plagiarism . As a solution for
this the scholars should provide awareness about writing paraphrasing
and plagiarism to ELESP students for betterment in research papers.
Phothongsunan, S. et.al.(2016)In this research article it investigates
problems confronted by Thai University academic staff when they tried
354
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
to publish their survey in standard English Journals. 18 philosophies
from two university arrangements of Thailand involved for survey.
Some discussions are held for better perception and issues of academic
staff while writing articles and publishing in English language. The focus
on study looked and to find barriers like writing by non-local speakers
of English and issues like Vocabulary, Grammar and so on. Thai
university education accomplished and how to deal them, at a time their
requirements for triumphant bring out survey. Discoveries let out
three prominent issues, (1) Requirement of research paper publishing in
English; (2) Struggles when writing in English; (3) Requirement for hard
investigating. To persuade quality of study, Thai university focused on
conducting Conferences, Workshops and Seminars which helps
academic staff to get Knowledge from additional scholars.
Okamura, A. et.al.(2006)In this article the research investigated into
and out of Interviews, 13 Japanese scholars’ experiences and problems
faced about writing their scientific research papers, Learning and grand
design to build. To develop participation in writing, acquiring English
composition seems not difficulty and because lack of vocabulary. To
reduce the complexity of these problems' interviews explored two
strategies (1) Learning English by their academic field (subject) (2)
Develop English language by communicating English orator (languagebased building). By Type (1) strategy the scholars known scientific
language is top ordered and required balancing cost and pay-out so
much
time
while
studying
English
writing
skills
for
developing proficiency in English. It shows enthusiasm by comparing
English fluently speaking scholars and non-English speaking scholars
uses tenses, verbs, voices, and citations.
Problems while writing research paper
Javed M et.al.(2010 Oct)The study explores, Students looked who are
preparing to write research articles for the first time. The survey
conveys many students are not efficient about the structure of writing a
research article because of not taking guidelines how to write.
Concluding
the
author identified eight
key
issues
as
(1) identifying problem in choosing research area? (2) In student which
topic is chosen? (3) issues in maintaining rules and writing for literature
review (4) Structure of Research article and discussed the issue of
plagiarism, initial steps of research article, paraphrasing. Finally
gathered information from two universities (Punjab and GC
355
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
universities) and concluded a solution after completion of first research
paper student will become efficient research paper writer.
La Jolla D. et.al.(2019)In this article the author who is irritated and
talk over about problems faced by students for writing research articles
and plagiarism. So as a solution author explained writing research paper
in our own intervention and outlined which is useful to students avoids
the above problems. By taking the assessment results from 365 students
and issues that are occurred in a molecular biology laboratory course
faced 50% plagiarism and regular writing issues. As a conclusion this
intervention raises plagiarism perception and provides experience of
distinct plagiarism on writing.
Ali Ahmed Qasem F, et.al.(2019)This article emphasizes, Research as
a challenging work need in detail knowledge of effective work,
structuring and research topic. By taking undergraduate final
year students' opinion the article discusses problems occurred to them
while writing research proposals for first time in the College of Science
and Arts, Al-Namas, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia in the Computer
Science Department done research work in English as second Language
(ESL). By conducting Interview session, they concluded 70% students
faced many problems writing in English and 50% show interest to do
their research work in L1. The discussion also explored problems
like nil knowledge of methodology, research interest, low research
interest, less time and guidelines.
Matin M A , et.al.(2017)The present article explores about the
Bangladesh students who faced many issues by their thesis work.
A Survey has been conducted from 133 PG students and 46 Supervisors
of 20 Medical colleges and institutions and was structured by using
Purposive Sampling technique and gathered data by using SPSS version
19. As a result, the key issues encountered were Students Nil knowledge,
over workload, less investment, Infrequent communications with
superiors, experience, Institute related irrelevant suggestions for thesis
writing and missing usage of resources from institution which are
available.
356
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
Statement of the Problem
 Doctoral Student Workshop: Problem Statement Development and
Strategies
 Doctoral students have considerable trouble writing a problem
statement with their research projects dissertations, and theses. This
article will provide a model and template for developing a problem
statement.
Research Objectives
It provides training in choosing methods materials, scientific tools
and techniques relevant to the solution of the problem and the main
objective is to develop academic writing in English and prevent errors.
Significance of the study
English proficiency is a key factor for employment success and
advancement and also for opening doors to economic
opportunity. Proficiency is best practiced through reading and writing.
Non-native speakers of English have to practice the sounds
of English how they are accented or stressed in their usage
Limitations of the study
English Language students selected through purposive sampling.
This study has a number of limitations. First, the sample may not
accurately reflect the opinions of students in general towards the
language. Secondly, the sample does not contain an equal mix of genders
to accurately reveal views towards sample. Thirdly, some participants
may be unfamiliar with their unable of providing their perspectives
towards it. However, a brief set of definition are provided in the
questionnaire to help respondents to make known them with the
subject area.
Research Methodology
 Research Method
In survey method, they data were compared to English students and
6301 Korea students in a large city in South Korea. The study might have
questionnaire for participants. Data was collected by using different
methods to enhance the knowledge in English.
357
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
 Population of the sample
In population of the sample method, Research based on databases
has been implemented. Studies based on record registers, evaluation are
used for population based data registers. All the people’s records are
available and traditional analysis focus on sampling errors. Data already
exist and valuable time has passed, complete study depends on
population data collected independently. Data collection is not done by
researchers, co scholars. Data is collected from different persons
because quality of data will be analyzed. Data is collected by using 16
different questionnaire are conducted through Google form. Responses
are gathered from different population related to academic writers.
 Data Collection
By having the researcher and research assistant conduct the
interviews for data collection from both people participation in analysis.
 Data was loaded onto the ATLAS.ti software and sorted and resorted
into categorieslo .The aim was to look for both commonalities and
differences within the group of participants. Rather than just
considering the uniqueness of the specific culture of NNS writers,
differences such as discipline, educational and professional
background, and amount of exposure to English were looked for.
 During this analysis, offers are returned to the participants for
verification of statements that are provided for future explanation
 This supported information was integrate into the ATLAS.ti database.
I highlight that intended effort was made to avoid forcing the
experiences and perceptions of subjects into pre-arranged
classification.
 At all times, I was conscious of the need to avoid applying stereotypes
of what the literature tells us about L2 writing and end up with a
deficit model (although, as it turned out, this is the picture that
developed).
 The findings concluded are unique and similar to NSS contexts like
Hong kong’s unique situation.
 Now the information has been arranged in order and reordered, it
was concluded that scholars’ problems were writing for academics in
English made up a distinguishing subpart of categories.
 The headings and findings section were these classified in table below
and are selected from 40 classified.
358
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
 The main features and interesting one is gathered from subpart of
categories are completely in participants’ own words.
TABLE 2
Categories of Participants’ Problems in Writing for Publication in
English
 NNSs have less facility of expression l NNSs take longer to write.
 NNSs have a less rich vocabulary.
 NNSs are less capable in making claims for their research with the
appropriate amount of force.
 NNSs are better suited to writing quantitative articles - NNSs’ Llmay
intervene in the composition process.
 NNSs are best advised to write in a simple style l Introductions and
discussions are the most problematic parts of research articles for
NNSs to write
Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis(QA)emphasizes numerically. It is a technique
that confronts statistical and mathematical designing, quantifying and
understand analysis easily. Quantitative analysis describes and
interprets statistical objects with numerical values and data collected
through numeric variables and statistics.
Quantitative analysis includes the analysis of statistical methods and
computational survey.Regression Analysis is commonly used
technique which is employed by business owners and also by
economists. Quantitative analysis is concerned for making informed
decisions.
359
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
Summary Analysis:
A Survey has been conducted from some researchers about
academic writing and got the percentage of results by different
questions like below:
Fig:1
Fig: 2
In the above figure :1it illustrates the struggle faced by researchers
while writing academic paper for using appropriate verbs in English and
got final graph assessment that Agree is in high rating.
The above graph Fig:2 illustrates the mistakes committed by
researcher while writing academic paper while using tenses in sentence
formation in English and it is highly agreed by researchers.
Fig: 3
Fig: 4
In the above graph Fig: 3 it illustrates the difficulty faced by
researchers while writing English academic paper in using correct
Conjunction when sentence formations and it is highly Neutral.
In the above Fig:4 it illustrates the struggle faced by researchers
while writing academic paper by using apt preposition in English and
got final graph assessment which shows equal struggle in Agree and
Neutral.
360
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
Fig: 5
Fig: 6
The above graph Fig:5 illustrates about the errors made by
researcher while writing academic paper while punctuating in sentence
formation in English and it is highly agreed 10% by researchers.The
above graph Fig:6 illustrates that some of the errors made by
researchers are in the usage of CAPITAL and SMALL letters while
writing academic paper in sentence formation in English and it is highly
agreed 15% researchers.
Fig: 7
Fig: 8
The above Fig:7 illustrates the challenge faced by researchers while
writing academic paper in English in the Usage of suitable vocabulary
and got final graph assessment that Agreeing highly.
The above graph Fig:8 illustrates about the errors that were
sometime noticed by researchers while writing English academic paper
in the usage of Singular & Plural forms in sentence formation and it is
highly agreed by 14% by researchers.
361
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
Fig: 9
Fig:10
The above graph Fig:9 illustrates about the errors made by
researcher when writing academic paper while constructing lengthy
sentence formation in English and it is highly agreed.The above graph
Fig:10 illustrates about the confusion of researcher while writing
English articles in the usage of active and passive voices for sentence
formation and it is shown high in Neutral.
Fig:11
Fig: 12
In the above Fig; 11 it illustrates the question if any difficulty faced
by researcher while writing academic paper to express what he knows
in English and it is highly disagreed by many researchers. The above
Fig:12 illustrates the big trial expression faced by researchers while
reading and sentence construction when writing academic paper in
English and shows equal in Neutral and Agree.
362
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
Fig: 13
Fig: 14
The above graph Fig:13 illustrates about the spelling errors that are
noticed by researchers while writing English academic paper in
sentence formation and it is highly disagreed by 13% by many
researchers.The above graph Fig:14 illustrates about the confusion of
researcher with American and British spellings while writing English
articles and the analysis shows high in Neutral.
Fig: 15
Fig: 16
The above graph Fig;15 illustrates about the repeated mistakes of
researchers while writing English articles in the usage of same words
and phrases for sentence formation and it is shown high in Neutral.The
above graph Fig:16 illustrates about the errors that were noticed by
researchers while translating their mother tongue in to English sentence
formation and it is highly agreed by 11% by researchers.
Recommendation
This article gives some suggestions to researchers for writing
academic papers in English. For the researchers who are writing
research paper about English language should know about the perfect
usage of phrases, verbs and maintenance of vocabulary and grammatical
errors. These suggestions may help to future researchers who are
363
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
starting to write research papers and able to get knowledge about
English language.
Conclusion
In this paper,it has been done an attempt to emphasize firstly,the
importance of English Knowledge while writing research paper.
Later,this paper discussed about the different errors committed by
researchers while writing with reference to English language.
Furthermore, explained about the advantages and disadvantages of
having basic and good English language Knowledge. This article also
gives some suggestions to researchers for writing academic writing in
English.
Moreover, the researchers need more writing skills and the correct
language usage which will improves article writing perfectly and helpful
to the beginners who are at the initial stage and in thesis writing.
References:
1. Nishanthi, Rajathurai. (2018). Important of learning English in
today world. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research
and Development. Volume-3. 10.31142/ijtsrd19061.
2. Rao, Parupalli. (2019). Effective Teaching Of Writing Skills To The
English Language Learners. 6. 196-205. 10.33329/ijelr.64.196.
3. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or
reality. Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
4. Lai, C. C., & Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). The advantages and
disadvantages of computer technology in second language
acquisition. Online Submission, 3(1).
5. Kim, T. Y. (2011). Korean elementary school students’ English
learning demotivation: A comparative survey study. Asia Pacific
Education Review, 12(1), 1-11.
6. Thygesen, L.C., Ersbøll, A.K. When the entire population is the
sample:
strengths
and
limitations
in
register-based
epidemiology. Eur
J
Epidemiol 29, 551–558
(2014).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9873-0.
7. Flowerdew, J. (1999). Problems in writing for scholarly publication
in English: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language
Writing, 8(3), 243-264.
364
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
8. Sonia Regina,J .,Brandini Gomes,J .,Renilda Rosa,D .,(2014Jan/Mar).
Dissemination Of Knowledge In Nursing: Froj Elaboration To The P
ublication Of A Scientific Paper Reme: Rev Min Enferm. (18(1):
252-260).
9. Monteiro,K., Hirano,E., (2020). A Periphery Inside A SemiPeriphery:
The
Uneven
Participation Of Brazilian
Scholars In The International Community English for specific
purposes 58(pp 15-29) .
10. Dr. Sreeramana Aithal,P.S., Shubhrajyothsna Aithal,
P.S.,
(2016).Scholarly Publishing
: Why
Smart
Researcher
Hesitate To Publish
In/With
Top
Ranking
Journals/Publisher.ISSN (Online):
2455
5428
(www.rdmodernresearch.com) Volume I, Issue I.
11. Borrego, Á.,& Pinfield, S. (2020). Librarians publishing in
partnership with other researchers: Roles, motivations, benefits,
and challenges. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 20(4), 655-675.
12. Pho, P. D., & Tran, T. M. P. (2016). Obstacles to scholarly publishing
in the social sciences and humanities: A case study of Vietnamese
scholars. Publications, 4(3), 19.
13. Mohammad, A. A. Challenges of Academic Research and
International publishing in the Discipline of Tourism and
Hospitality Management in Egypt Abuelkassem AA Mohammad
(Ahmed MK Shehata (b) Salama AM Ammar (c). Journal of
Association
of
Arab
Universities
for
Tourism
and
Hospitality, 14(2).
14. Hartono, R. A., Nugroho, K. Y., & Maerani, I. A. (2019). Lecturers’
language problems in writing english papers for international
publications. Journal of education and learning (EduLearn), 13(2),
239-246.
15. Hayuningrum, H., &Yulia, M. F. (2012). Students’" Problems in
Writing Paraphrases in Research Paper Writing Class,". LLT
J, 15(1), 133-47.
16. Phothongsunan, S. (2016). Thai university academics’ challenges of
writing for publication in English. Theory and Practice in Language
Studies, 6(4), 681-685..
17. Okamura, A. (2006). How do Japanese researchers cope with
language difficulties and succeed in scientific discourse
in English?: interviews with Japanese research article writers. The
365
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.20
Economic Journal of Takasaki City University of Economics, 48(3),
61-78.
18. Javed M.(2010 Oct). What are the problems for Students in Writing
the First Research Paper in a Second Language? International
Journal Online of Humanities, ISSN 2395-5155.
19. La Jolla D.(2019). Writing in your Own Voice: An Intervention that
Reduces Plagiarism and Common Writing Problems in Students
scientific Writing. International Union of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology,00(00):1-10.
20. Ali Ahmed Qasem F, Zayid E I M. (2019). The
Challenges And Problems Faced By Students In The Early Stage of
Writing Research Projects In L2, University Of Bisha, Saudi
Arabia, European
Journal Of Special
Education
Research,
ISSN:2501-2428.
21. Matin M A , W Khan M A. (2017) . Common problems faced
by postgraduate students during their thesis work in
Bangladesh, Bangladesh Journal of Medical education, ISSN:23060654 .
22. Rao, V. Chandra. (2018). The Use of English Language in Research.
23. Victori, M. (1999). An analysis of writing knowledge in EFL
composing: A case study of two effective and two less effective
writers. System, 27(4), 537-555.
24. Odeleye, Toyin & Adetuyi, Chris. (2018). An Overview Of Errors
Committed In Written English By Students In The Federal College
Of Education (Special), Oyo. 2. 28-4.
366
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
CHAPTER -21
A review on the use of English language as an important factor
in academic writing
VASAVI CHITHANURU
Research Scholar, School of Information Technology and Engineering,
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
vasavi.chithanuru2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Introduction
Rao.et.al. (2018). In the present situation, English is one of the
significant tools in academics. English as the global academic language
facilitates the international mobility of young researchers. English has
been the language of choice for many international scholarly journals.
Academic writing is complex, formal, objective, explicit, hedged, and
responsible. In most cases research papers are often rejected due to lack
of good writing skills in English language and lack of using appropriate
words/vocabulary or sentence structures. English is widely considered
and used for writing academic or scientific research papers /work.
English has been the language of choice for many international scholarly
journals. Researchers should have knowledge of English language in
order to express their ideas, opinions and visions about their research
and to disseminate their research findings and results to the people of
related research area.Nishanthi.et.al. (2018). In today’s global world, the
importance of English cannot be denied and ignored since English is the
most common language spoken everywhere. With the help of
developing technology, English has been playing a major role in many
sectors including medicine, engineering, and education, is the most
important field where English is needed. Particularly needs to make use
of this world-wide spoken language in order to prove its international
power. This can merely be based on the efficiency of tertiary education.
Consequently, English should be the medium of instruction which is
used to communicate with the international world and accessing
scientific sources in the student’s major field.Ngangbam, H. (2016). The
common errors that committed while writing research paper with
reference to English are mainly based on scholars. Scholars should be
367
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
very familiar to the English communication and writing skills. Spelling
error type is the most frequently occurring error in the study. The
identified spelling errors were grouped into four (4) categories:
i. Spelling errors that are due to omission of letters and insertion of
wrong letters;
ii. Spelling errors resulting from joining two separate words as one and
unconventional separation of compound words;
iii. Words wrongly spelt due to homophonic nature of some English
words;
iv. Words wrongly spelt due to the mother tongue interference.
Another error according to the article is that instead of using ‘the’ in
place of ‘a’ and vice versa.
Nedeva, V. et.al. (2010). While writing research papers, English
Language plays an important role. If the researchers had written in their
own language, then nobody can site the paper, it will be of no use. So
many of the publishers or researchers mainly use the English Language
by that everyone can read and understand what they specified. By that
researchers can use the technique for their research work.De Caro.et.al.
(2009). Learning the English Language is not an easy task and also
applying the words to the conceptual meaning is very hard. Everyone
can speak or write an English Language, but knowledgeable English is
very important. Throughout the world, English is the only language
which is used to share the information in an efficient manner. The last
advantage of English Language is that for facing the Globalization Era.
Flowerdew, J. (2019). In the field of publishing a paper internationally or
nationally, the most domination language is English. This will be a
disadvantage of scholars whose first language is not English and who
therefore have the additional burden of having to develop adequate
proficiency in an additional language, English. As a student of modern
languages to university level and of other languages to rather lower
levels of proficiency will be getting to write. When it comes to academic
writing, the problem is that ‘academic English is no one’s first language’,
and that it requires ‘deliberate learning’. Ramírez-Castaneda, V. (2020).
The researcher success mainly depends on preparing the research paper
and impact factor where it had published. Most of the papers are
published in English by that everyone can have a glance on it. The
researchers of any stream if we take 98% of publications had written in
English. In this paper, authors had introduced a problem with
Colombians who are facing the problem in English Proficiency. The
368
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
success of a researcher depends on their preparation of research papers
and the impact. This creates a disadvantage for scientists with English as
a Foreign Language (EFL) because they must publish e to advance their
careers. This disadvantage gives rise to global inequalities, especially in
countries where the majority of the population receives minimal English
training and bilingualism with English is very low.
Literary Survey
Challenges to identify and choose journals
Akyürek, E., & Afacan, Ö. (2018). This paper had focused on the
problems faced by graduate student. For each and every student have a
problem in searching and selecting the topic and the guide. In this paper,
the researchers had mentioned a case study of students facing the
problems in graduation. First the data had been divided into some
characteristics. Based on division problems and subproblems of
graduates had categorized. And after that analysis is done for the
problems. And determining the most faced problems and getting
solutions for those.By this paper, the graduate students can analyse the
problems and solutions for that in research.
Pyhältö, K. et.al. (2012). This paper had focussed about the
responsibilities to become a scholar. The problems faced by doctoral
students will be different. Generally, the problems are similar to
domain-specific expertise, process of work, etc.in this, researchers had
taken the issues faced by doctoral students who had finished. These
problems are analysed based on the fearness, stress, etc. And also
considering the age and gender also. By this, doctoral students can have
an idea on how to face problems and ability to get the solution.
Salager-Meyer, F. (2014). This paper had focussed on writing and
publishing the journal in a language which is understandable to
everyone. Most of the papers had outlined in English and the methods
which are used and conclusion so on are in another language so that
everyone cannot understand. Citations for this paper will be very low
and everyone cannot view this type of papers. If the paper is published
in English language and that could not be understandable to all then the
paper had taken some measures.
Lei, J., & Hu, G. (2019). This paper had focussed on doctoral students
who want to write a journal in an effective manner. In this, researchers
had specified a case study of a university how they are published a
paper and how to balance a dual role as a student and an expert scholar.
369
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
But it is not possible to balance as a good doctoral student and expert
scholar to write a research paper. The paper stated that the supervisor
should be given all support to the candidates who are publishing a
paper.
Bocar, A. C. (2013). This paper had focussed on how students are
facing the problems for publishing a paper and the impact on the
research output. There could be failures in the results of research work
because of time and stress management by disturbing the concentration
of what they want to be published. Time management should be there in
getting the good results.
Moses, R. N., & Mohamad, M. (2019) . This paper had focussed on
problems faced by student and teachers on learning and writing skills in
English language. Researchers had specified that teachers had to be
taken to improve the writing skills by giving the feedback and guidance.
The teachers should be very confident to motivate by themselves and
the students to learn writing skills.
Problems with writing in English
Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019).This paper had focussed about
the challenges and problems faced by students in early stage of writing
the research paper.in this, a case study had been taken to know the
importance of English Language and how to select the right topic and
methodology and to get the good knowledge in specific area. The
researchers had specified the tasks which are applicable to learn the
efficiency of English and also the supervisors had given the specific
guidance to gain the knowledge about the English.
Alfaki, I. M. (2015). This paper had focused about the English writing
problems faced by university students. In this paper, the researchers
had specified about the method of sampling procedure which includes
the composition writing, language skills, spelling mistakes, errors of
syntax like tenses, word choices, misplaced and dangling modifiers.
They specified remedial procedures like content analysis for the
problems faced by the students. The method used in this is descriptive
research where it has positiveness of writing the paper.
Bq. Rani Swarni (2016) This paper had focussed about the problems
faced by the students in writing thesis in English language. The
researchers had specified a case study about the students had faced the
problems in writing the thesis and to know the problems faced by the
students and got resolved with better method and media for use in
370
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
writing the thesis and making good sentences with good vocabulary and
the grammar.
Huang, J. C. (2010). This paper had focussed about the publishing and
writing for publication in English. The researchers had developed a
framework used for understanding the learning writing and publishing
the papers for PhD students.In this paper, the disadvantage faced by
students is that to have the proficiency in English. The solutions for this
are to have the English as a preference and balancing the relations
between them and their advisers. Disadvantage is this study intensive
only on limited participants; we need to improve other country people
also in our investigation.
Problems while writing Research Paper
Hairston, M. (1982). This paper had mainly focused on method
writing and trainers interfere in students writing during the process. It
mainly helps in teaching strategies for invention and discovery;
instructors help students to create content and discover purpose.
Instructors evaluate the written product by how well it fulfils the
writer's intention and meets the audience's needs. It highlights that
writing is a way of learning and developing as well as a communication
skill. It includes a variety of writing modes, expressive as well as
expository.
Palaganas, E. C. et.al. (2017). This paper mainly focused on
reflexivity in having the qualitative research as a learning journey. It
highlights the journey of discovering how a researcher, shaped and how
we were shaped by the research process and outputs. This article
specified the challenges faced by scholars in the form of personal and
methodological concerns.as a research scholar in this article specified
the construction of lived experiences throughout the research process.
Hill, H. C. et.al. (2008). This paper had focussed on mathematical
knowledge for researchers in the form of conceptualization and specific
knowledge providing. In this paper, the concept is on multiple choice
questions based on true and false which is used for identification of the
research strengths. The view of knowledge of content and students as
knowledge needs for further development. Teachers know that students
will make certain errors in particular areas or that may be difficult to
find the solution.
Bilal, H. A. et.al (2013). This paper had focussed on teaching English
learning skills on developing linguistic and communication is quite a
371
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
challenging task. Many factors are used in this to solve the problems.
The researchers had introduced technique on English learning and
writing skills. This technique mainly based on the concept of data
collection and analysed, structured interviews and also giving solution
for the problems and taken measures to improve the situation.in the
form of improvement the teachers should be in an advanced knowledge.
Statement of the Problem
The problem statement of English Language is that the Researchers
and Teachers think English is one of the difficult parts when it comes to
Academic Research.
Research Objectives
The Research Objectives of English proficiency to write a Research
Paper is:
 It should be presented briefly and in logical sequence.
 It should be accurate means achieved within the expected timeframe
and achieved within the available resource.
 It should be phrased in a way that brings to meet the objectives of the
Research.
 It should use action verbs that are specific enough to be evaluated or
measured.
 It should be static once the study work begins.
Significance of the study
The difficulties which are faced by Research Scholars and Teachers
with reference to English Language are Proficiency and writing skills.
For this type of problems, we will suggest the authorities to take
necessary steps to help them to get problem free with introducing new
writing and learning skills in the syllabus. By that, they will improve the
sufficient English skills to write an efficient Research Paper.
Limitations of the study
The limitations of the study are those features of design or
methodology that impacted or influenced the understanding of the
findings from research. They are the constraints on generalizability,
applications to practice, and/or utility of findings that are the result of
the ways in which you initially chose to design the study or the method
372
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
used to establish validity or the result of challenges that emerged during
the study. Basically, we are focussing Research on two areas.
The study is limited to Research Scholars who are undergoing Ph.D.
programs.
 The study is limited to Teachers who are working in Technical
Institutions.
Research Methodology
Research Method
Glasow.et.al. (2005). We opt a Survey Method for Research. The
survey method is defined in the form of three characteristics.
 Describing the aspects of population.
 Data is collected from people which is meaningful.
 Based on data collection, the survey has implemented the findings.
Questionnaires
The questions are prepared by taking the problems faced by
students and teachers in English Language while writing the academic
paper. I created a Google Form with options based on the feedback of
which they were facing the problems.
Population of the sample
My sample is from Teachers belongs to Bio-Sciences and
Biotechnology Departments from the School of Bio Sciences &
Technology. I sent the questionaries to 50 Sample population. Campan,
A. et.al. (2018). The authors specified the concept of Twitter data
collection in the form of API with filtering used. They specified the
experiments for getting the filtered data with keywords. Authors
believed that the sampling in the filtering process is deterministic and
using the Tweets collected for very popular filtering terms may lead to
partial results due to this non-random sampling process.
Data Collection
Lefever.et.al. (2007). This paper had focussed about data collection
in academic research in the form of online. Authors specified advantages
and limitations of online data collection from teachers and students.
They sent an email for contacting the participants and getting responses
from them. The problems which are faced is lack of willingness among
the students and teachers to send the responses.
373
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
I have made 16 number of questions. The questions are as follows:
1. I struggle to use appropriate verbs while writing
2. I commit mistakes in using tenses
3. I have difficulty in using correct Conjunction
4. I struggle to use apt preposition
5. I make errors in punctuations
6. Some of my errors are in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL letters
7. Use of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for me
8. Sometimes I notice errors in the use of Singular & Plural forms
9. I make errors while constructing a lengthy sentence
10. I am confused with the use of active and passive voices
11. While writing, I have difficulty to express what I know
12. Sentence construction is a big trial for me while I express what I
read or what I did
13. I notice lot of spelling errors in my writing
14. I get confused with American and British spellings
15. I use the same words and phrases repeatedly
16. I notice translation from my mother tongue in my writing
I have used these questions and given the options as:
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
I have added these questions to the Google Forms and sent to the
samples and I have collected the data.
Data Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
It is a method which uses mathematical and statistical methods and
to understand the research behaviour.It represents in the form of
values. Quantitative Research collects information from existing
customers using sampling methods and sending out online surveys,
questionnaires, etc with having the results in the form of numbers.
Advantages of Quantitative Analysis are:
 Replication.
 Data Sampling.
 Direct comparisons of results.
 Hypothesis Testing.
374
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
Disadvantages of Quantitative Analysis are:
 Predetermined Variables
 Measurement Procedures
 Superficiality
 Missing data, imprecise measurements or inappropriate sampling
methods are biases that can lead to the wrong conclusions.
Summary of Analysis
Fig 1
Fig 2
From Fig 1, we come across that 45% of samples are neutral for
using the appropriate verbs while writing the Academic Paper. And 30%
are Agree and 15% are Disagree and 10 % are Strongly Agree for
struggling to use the verbs while writing. From Fig 2, we come across
that 45% of Samples are Disagree for making mistakes while using the
tenses in writing the Academic Paper. And 25% are Agree and Neutral
and 5% are Strongly Disagree for making mistakes use the verbs while
writing.
Fig 3
Fig 4
From Fig 3, we come across that 30% of Samples are Agree, Neutral
and Disagree for using correct Conjunction in facing the difficulties
while writing the Academic Paper. And 5% are Strongly Agree and
375
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
Strongly Disagree for facing difficulty while using correct Conjunction.
From Fig 4, we come across that 45% of Samples are Neutral who are
struggled for using the APT Preposition in writing the Academic Paper.
And 30% are Agree and 15% are Disagree and 10% are Strongly Agree
for using APT Preposition.
Fig 5
Fig 6
From Fig 5, we come across that 45% of Samples are Disagree for
making errors in Punctuations in writing the Academic Paper. And 25%
are Agree and Neutral and 5% are Strongly Disagree for making errors
in punctuations. From Fig 6, we come across that 45% of Samples are
Disagree for making errors in the use of CAPITAL and SMALL Letters in
writing the Academic Paper. And 20% are Disagree and 15% are Agree
and 20% are Strongly Disagree for making errors in usage of CAPITAL
and SMALL Letters.
Fig 7
Fig 8
From Fig 7, we come across that 50% of Samples are Disagree for
usage of suitable vocabulary is a big challenge for them in writing the
Academic Paper. And 25% are Agree and 20% are Neutral and 5% are
Strongly Disagree for using a suitable vocabulary is a big challenge.
From Fig 8, we come across that 35% of Samples are Disagree and
376
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
Neutral for making errors in sometimes for usage of Singular & Plural
forms in writing the Academic Paper. And 20% are Strongly Disagree
and 10% are Agree for making errors in usage of forms.
Fig 9
Fig 10
From Fig 9, we come across that 40% are Disagree and 35% are
Neutral and 20% are Agree and 5% Strongly Disagree of Samples are
making errors in constructing a lengthy sentence in writing the
Academic Paper. From Fig 10, we come across that 50% of Samples are
Disagree for confusing with the use of Active and Passive Voices in
writing the Academic Paper. And 30% are Neutral 15% are Agree and
5% are Strongly Disagree for using the voices.
Fig 11
Fig 12
From Fig 11, we come across that 60% of Samples are Disagree in
expressing the difficulty what they know in writing the Academic Paper.
And 20% are Strongly Disagree and 10% are Agree and Neutral for
expressing the difficulty what they know in writing. In Fig 12, we come
across that 40% of Samples are Disagree and 25% are Neutral and 20%
377
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
are Agree and 15% are Strongly Disagree for sentence construction is a
big trial for them in expressing what they read and did in writing the
Academic Paper.
Fig 13
Fig 14
From Fig 13, we come across that 60% of Samples are Disagree for
noticing the spelling errors in writing their Academic Paper. And 15%
are Agree and Strongly Disagree and 10% are Neutral for spell errors in
writing the paper. From Fig 14, we come across that 35% are Disagree
and 30% are Agree and Neutral and 5% are strongly Agree of Samples
are confused while writing the spellings of American and British
Languages in the Academic Paper.
Fig 15
Fig 16
From Fig 15, we come across that 40% of Samples are Neutral and
Disagree for using the same words and phrases repeatedly in writing
their Academic Paper. And 15% are Agree and 5% are Strongly Disagree
for using the same words and phrases repeatedly.From Fig 16, we come
across that 50% of Samples are Disagree for noticing the translation
378
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
from their mother tongue in writing their Academic Paper. And 20% are
Neutral and 15% are Agree and Strongly Disagree for facing in difficulty
of translation of language.
Recommendation
As a Research Scholar, I recommend the Researchers to learn the
English Communication and Writing Skills. By that the Research Paper
will be in an efficient manner to Publish without having any errors.
Errors are like usage of phrases, tenses and spellings, etc in appropriate
sentences. I recommend the College Curriculum Preparation Team as
keeping the English as a subject for Researchers. And also, to have
Workshops or Webinars on English Communication and Writing skills.
So that the Scholars can have Error Free Writing the Research Paper.
Conclusion
I conclude that English is not an easy subject in usage of different
aspects especially for Researchers to write a paper. Everyone can have
ability to speak and understand but usage of knowledgeable English is
the main task without having errors. We should have proper guidance in
writing the paper. In this paper, I had given a brief explanation of
problems faced by teachers, students and researchers in writing the
Research Paper. This will help to others of getting the solutions while
writing the paper.
References
1. Rao.et.al. (2018). The Use of English Language in Research. 2. 8.
2. Nishanthi.et.al. (2018). Important of learning English in today
world. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and
Development. Volume-3. 10.31142/ijtsrd19061.
3. Ngangbam, H. (2016). An analysis of syntactic errors committed by
students of English language class in the written composition of
Mutah University: A case study. European Journal of English
Language, Linguistics and Literature, 3(1), 1-13.
4. Nedeva, V.et.al. (2010). Some advantages of e-learning in English
language training. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 8(3), 21-28.
5. De Caro.et.al. (2009). The advantages and importance of learning
and using idioms in English. Cuadernos de Lingüística Hispánica,
(14), 121-136.
379
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
6. Flowerdew, J. (2019). The linguistic disadvantage of scholars who
write in English as an additional language: Myth or reality.
Language Teaching, 52(2), 249-260.
7. Ramírez-Castañeda, V. (2020). Disadvantages of writing, reading,
publishing and presenting scientific papers caused by the
dominance of the English language in science: The case of
Colombian Ph. D. in biological sciences. bioRxiv.
8. Akyürek, E., & Afacan, Ö. (2018). Problems Encountered during the
Scientific Research Process in Graduate Education: The Institute of
Educational Sciences. Higher Education Studies, 8(2), 47-57.
9. Pyhältö, K., Toom, A., Stubb, J., & Lonka, K. (2012). Challenges of
becoming a scholar: A study of doctoral students' problems and
well-being.International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012.
10. Salager-Meyer, F. (2014). Writing and publishing in peripheral
scholarly journals: How to enhance the global influence of
multilingual scholars? Journal of English for Academic Purposes,
13, 78-82.
11. Lei, J., & Hu, G. (2019). Doctoral Candidates' dual role as student
and expert scholarly writer: An activity theory perspective. English
for Specific Purposes, 54, 62-74.
12. Bocar, A. C. (2013). Difficulties encountered by the studentresearchers and the effects on their research output. Proceeding of
the Global Summit on Education, 10.
13. Moses, R. N., & Mohamad, M. (2019). Challenges faced by students
and teachers on writing skills in ESL Contexts: A literature review.
Creative Education, 10(13), 3385-3391.
14. Qasem, F. A. A., & Zayid, E. I. M. (2019). The challenges and
problems faced by students in the early stage of writing research
projects in L2, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. European Journal
of Special Education Research.
15. Alfaki, I. M. (2015). UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ENGLISH WRITING
PROBLEMS: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY.
16. Bq. Rani Swarni (2016). STUDENTS PROBLEM IN WRITING
THESIS: CASE STUDY AT ENGLISH DEPARTMENT MATARAM
UNIVERSITY.
17. Huang, J. C. (2010). Publishing and learning writing for publication
in English: Perspectives of NNES PhD students in science. Journal of
English for Academic Purposes, 9(1), 33-44.
380
https://doi.org/10.26524/royal.53.21
18. Hairston, M. (1982). The winds of change: Thomas Kuhn and the
revolution in the teaching of writing. College composition and
communication, 33(1), 76-88.
19. Palaganas, E. C., Sanchez, M. C., Molintas, V. P., & Caricativo, R. D.
(2017). Reflexivity in qualitative research: A journey of learning.
Qualitative Report, 22(2).
20. Hill, H. C., Ball, D. L., & Schilling, S. G. (2008). Unpacking pedagogical
content knowledge: Conceptualizing and measuring teachers'
topic-specific knowledge of students. Journal for research in
mathematics education, 39(4), 372-400.
21. Bilal, H. A., Tariq, A. R., Din, N., Latif, H., & Anjum, M. N. (2013).
Investigating the problems faced by the teachers in developing
English writing skills. Asian Journal of Social Sciences and
Humanities, 2(3), 238-244.
22. Glasow, P. A. (2005). Fundamentals of survey research
methodology. Retrieved January, 18, 2013.
23. Campan, A., Atnafu, T., Truta, T. M., & Nolan, J. (2018, December). Is
data collection through twitter streaming api useful for academic
research?. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big
Data) (pp. 3638-3643). IEEE.
24. Lefever, S., Dal, M., & Matthiasdottir, A. (2007). Online data
collection in academic research: advantages and limitations. British
Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4), 574-582.
381
View publication stats