1. Foundations Of ESS Summative [37 marks]
1.
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Figure 2: Representation of the water cycle
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2020.]
(a.i) Identify one transfer and one transformation process shown in Figure 2.[2]
Transfer:
Transformation:
(a.ii) Outline how urbanization might impact two of the storages in Figure 2. [2]
2.
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The figure refers to a typical Western European diet. This example shows recommended
consumption of food types (on the basis of health) and the environmental impact of their
production.
(a.i) With reference to Figures 1(a) and 1(b) state the food that has the highest environmental
impact.[1]
(a.ii) With reference to Figures 1(a) and 1(b) state the food that has the highest recommended
consumption.[1]
(a.iii) Describe the relationship between both pyramids in Figures 1(a) and 1(b).[2]
(a.iiii) Describe how foods high on the environmental impact pyramid, shown in Figure 1(b), are
likely to affect a sustainable global food production. [2]
(a.iiiii) Outline two reasons why the composition of a typical diet in other regions of the world
may differ from the Western European diet shown in Figure 1(a).[2]
3.
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Figure 4: A measure of the sustainability of individual countries from a comparison of
their ecological footprint and their standard of living
[Source: adapted from Travelplanner/Wikimedia. File licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Data sourced from Global
Footprint Network 2008 report (2005 data) and UN Human Development Index 2007/08]
(a) Using Figure 4, identify the country that is above the threshold for high human development
and below the Earth’s biocapacity.[1]
(b) To meet the minimum criteria for sustainability, a country needs to raise its human welfare
above the threshold of high human development and have an ecological footprint below
the Earth’s biocapacity. Evaluate two strategies a country can implement to achieve the
minimum criteria for sustainability.[4]
Paper 2 Section B
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(a) Identify four factors that make the use of the insecticide DDT controversial.[4]
(b) Compare and contrast the movement of energy and matter within an ecosystem.[7]
(a) With reference to named societies, to what extent do environmental value systems influence
the use of resources? [9]