TYPES OF AND
APPROACHES
TO RESEARCH
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 | MODULE 2
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
In this module, you are expected to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
share research experiences and knowledge;
explain the importance of research in daily life;
describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research;
differentiate quantitative from qualitative research; and
provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts,
humanities, sports, science, business, agriculture and fisheries,
information and communication technology, and social inquiry).
Types of Research
There are a number of
research types based on
how it is prepared
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01
03
Approaches to
Research
These are plans and
procedures for research
Types of Data
Classification of data that
can be used in research
“Research is to see what
everybody has seen, and
to think what nobody else
has thought.”
—Albert Szent - Gyorgyi
01
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Here you will be familiar with the
different classifications of research
based on various groundwork.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Application of Research Method
a. Pure Research
- deals with concepts principles or
abstract things and aims to increase
one’s knowledge about something.
b. Applied Research
-intends to apply one’s chosen research to
societal problems or issues, finding ways
to make positive changes in the society
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Types of Data Needed
a. Quantitative
•
a type of educational research in which the researcher
decides
-what to study; asks specific, narrow questions;
-collects quantifiable data from participants;
-analyzes these numbers using statistics; and
-conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Types of Data Needed
b. Qualitative
a type of educational research in which the researcher
-relies on the views of participants;
-asks broad, general questions;
-collects data consisting largely words (text) from
participants;
-describes and analyzes these words for themes;
and
-conducts the inquiry in a subjective, biased
manner.
•
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Types of Data Needed
QUANTITATIVE
Objectives
 Quantification of data
 Measurement of incidence,
etc.
Data Analysis  Statistical
Methodology
 Data reduced to numerical
scores
QUALITATIVE
 In-depth understanding of
underlying reasons and
motivations
 Non-statistical
 Contextual
 Thematic
 Preference for narrative
description
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Types of Data Needed

Methodology
Outcomes



QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
Much attention to assessing
 Preference for assuming that
and improving reliability of
reliability of inferences is
scores obtained from
adequate
instruments
 Assessment of validity
Assessment of validity
through crosschecking
through a variety of
sources of information
procedures with reliance on
(triangulation)
statistical indices
Broad based insights
 Not conclusive nor
Population based
generalizable
understanding
TYPES OF DATA
a. Primary Data
• obtained through
direct observation or
contact with people,
objects, artifacts,
paintings, etc.
•
new and original
resulting from your
sensory experience
b. Secondary Data
•
refers to written
or reported
information which
are available for
reading purposes
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Purpose of the Research
a. Descriptive Research
●
●
●
aims to define or give a verbal portrayal or picture of a
person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.
is liable to repeated research because its topic relates
only to a certain period or limited number of years
develops in a researcher the inclination to conduct
further studies on such topic
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Purpose of the Research
b. Correlational Research
●
●
shows relationships or connectedness of two factors,
circumstances or agents called variables that affect
research
is only concerned in indicating the existence of a
relationship, not the causes and ways of the
development of such relationship
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Purpose of the Research
c. Explanatory Research
●
elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the relationship
of two factors, but also the ways by which such relationship exists
d. Exploratory Research
●
●
aims to find out how reasonable or possible it is to
conduct a research study on a certain topic
leads to discovery of ideas on topics that could trigger
your interest in conducting research studies.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on Purpose of the Research
e. Action Research
●
studies an ongoing practice of a school,
organization, community or an institution for the
purpose of obtaining results that will bring
improvements in the system.
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APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
a. Scientific or Positive Approach
• allows control of variables
• appropriate data gathering techniques
 structured interviews
 questionnaires
 observational checklists
• data are expressed through numbers, which means that
this method is suitable for quantitative approach
APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
b. Naturalistic Approach
• uses words, not numbers
• directs the researchers to deal with qualitative data
that speak of how people behave towards their
surroundings
 non-numerical data that express truths about
the way people perceive or understand the world
• happens in naturalistic setting since people look at
their world in a subjective or personal basis in an
uncontrolled or unstructured manner.
APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
c. Triangulation Approach
• combination of scientific and naturalistic approaches
• researchers are free to gather and analyze data using
types, data gathering and data analysis techniques.
• gives researchers the opportunity to view every angle
of the research from different perspectives
- (Badke, 2012; Silverman, 2013)